CN109220447A - A kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition - Google Patents
A kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220447A CN109220447A CN201810941586.XA CN201810941586A CN109220447A CN 109220447 A CN109220447 A CN 109220447A CN 201810941586 A CN201810941586 A CN 201810941586A CN 109220447 A CN109220447 A CN 109220447A
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- arabiancoffee
- shade
- fertilizer
- hot gas
- dry hot
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- 240000007154 Coffea arabica Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 235000007460 Coffea arabica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000723377 Coffea Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 6
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of shade methods of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition, belong to coffee technical field of cultivation.The present invention is to build shading shed with shading screen and brackets with height-adjustable, and applied fertilizer several times in arabiancoffee growth course in having transplanted 5 years raw arabiancoffee ground by shade tree species with arabiancoffee, and dose is 300 ~ 400 g/ plants.The present invention makes full use of arabiancoffee happiness Wen Liang, shade or half shade, wet habit, can increase the high yield time limit and economic benefit of arabiancoffee, be conducive to the growth and volume increase of arabiancoffee, improves local coffee agriculture income, development local economy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shade methods of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition, belong to coffee cultivation technique neck
Domain.
Background technique
Arabiancoffee forms happiness Wen Liang, shade or half shade, wet growth and practises in long term growth growth course
Property.Yunnan dry hot gas illumination is strong, produces Yunnan arabiancoffee efficiently and is restricted.Shade can effectively improve arabiancoffee pipe
Layer moist heat, is effectively reduced pest and disease damage, improves arabiancoffee yield, promotes the growth of coffee tree, extends granule coffee
Coffee aging degree increases the arabiancoffee high yield time limit 3 ~ 6 years.Rationally shade changeable arabiancoffee photosynthesis characteristics, shaded
Degree is too small, keeps Net Photosynthetic Rate less than normal or bigger than normal can all yield be made to reduce.Arabiancoffee extensive management in actual production,
There is very big blindness, improper fertilization not only causes the waste of manure resources for especially fertilising, increases production cost, influences
Quality, but also pollute the environment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of shade methods of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition, it is therefore intended that overcomes above-mentioned skill
Defect existing for art, for solving the problem of that dry hot gas arabiancoffee light fertilizer extensive management yield cannot be guaranteed.
The technical scheme is that under a kind of fertilizer application condition dry hot gas arabiancoffee shade method, with arabiancoffee
To build shading shed with shading screen and brackets with height-adjustable in the soil for having transplanted 5 years raw arabiancoffees by shade species,
And it is applied fertilizer several times in arabiancoffee growth course；
Specific step is as follows for the method:
Step1, select 5 years raw arabiancoffees for by shade species, 1.5 ~ 2.0 m of spacing in the rows, 2.0 ~ 2.5 m of line-spacing；
Step2, in having transplanted 5 years raw arabiancoffee ground, build shading shed with shading screen and brackets with height-adjustable, formed light
Degree shade, i.e. intensity of illumination are 70% ~ 80% natural lighting, and degree of shading is determined using YF-172 digital luxmeter；
Step3, it is applied fertilizer several times in arabiancoffee growth course, fertilising is 300 ~ 400 g/ plants every time.
In the step Step1,1.71 ~ 1.79 m of plant height of arabiancoffee, 22.27 ~ 24.34 mm of stem thickness.
In the step Step3, the material that applies fertilizer selects compound fertilizer, and fertilization mode is annular fertilization: apart from arabiancoffee
At 35 ~ 40 cm of trunk, the annular fertilization slot of wide 5 ~ 10 cm, deep 20 ~ 25 cm are dug, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after fertilizer in ditch.
In step Step3, fertilization time is selected in annual January, April and August respectively several times, and each equivalent applies.
In the step Step2, brackets with height-adjustable can may include using such as lower bracket realization in the prior art
Tripod, hand crank, pedestal, the body of rod；Tripod is fixed on ground, and the height of shading screen adjusts the flexible of the body of rod by hand crank
It controls, allows it always apart from 0.8 ~ 1.0m of coffee tree treetop.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, the present invention takes full advantage of the habit of arabiancoffee happiness Wen Liang, shade or half shade, moist environment, can increase small
The high yield time limit and economic benefit of grain coffee, are conducive to the growth and volume increase of arabiancoffee, improve local coffee agriculture income, and development is worked as
Ground economy；
2, the best shade supplying mode of present invention proposition arabiancoffee and corresponding Fertilization Level are the agriculture of dry hot gas arabiancoffee
Industry fertilising and shade management provide theoretical foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is test arrangement schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is influence of the Fertilization Level to arabiancoffee net photosynthetic rate under shading condition；
Fig. 3 is influence of the Fertilization Level to the dry beans yield of arabiancoffee under shading condition；
Fig. 4 is brackets with height-adjustable.
Each label in Fig. 1-4: S0Do not shade, SLSlight shade, SMModerate concealment, SHSevere concealment, F0Without fertilizer,
FLLow fertilizer, FMMiddle fertilizer, FHHigh fertile.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition, the specific steps of the method are such as
Under:
Step1, to select growing way consistent 5 years raw arabiancoffees be material to be tested, 1.5 m of spacing in the rows, 2.0 m of line-spacing, arabiancoffee
1.71 ~ 1.79 m of plant height, 22.27 ~ 24.34 mm of stem thickness.；
Step2, in having transplanted 5 years raw arabiancoffee ground, build shading shed with shading screen and brackets with height-adjustable, formed light
Degree shade (intensity of illumination is 70% natural lighting), degree of shading is determined using YF-172 digital luxmeter；
Step3, it is applied fertilizer several times in arabiancoffee growth course, every time 300 g/ plants of fertilising.
In the step Step2, brackets with height-adjustable includes tripod, hand crank, pedestal, the body of rod.Tripod is fixed on
Ground, the height of shading screen adjust the flexible of the body of rod by hand crank and control, and allow it always apart from 0.8 m of coffee tree treetop.
In the step Step3, the material that applies fertilizer selects compound fertilizer.Fertilization mode is annular fertilization: apart from arabiancoffee
At 35 ~ 40 cm of trunk, the annular fertilization slot of wide 5 ~ 10 cm, deep 20 ~ 25 cm are dug, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after fertilizer in ditch.
In step Step3, fertilization time is selected in annual January, April and August respectively several times, and each equivalent applies.
Embodiment 2: a kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition, the specific steps of the method are such as
Under:
Step1, to select growing way consistent 5 years raw arabiancoffees be material to be tested, 2.0 m of spacing in the rows, 2.5 m of line-spacing, arabiancoffee
1.71 ~ 1.79 m of plant height, 22.27 ~ 24.34 mm of stem thickness.；
Step2, in having transplanted 5 years raw arabiancoffee ground, build shading shed with shading screen and brackets with height-adjustable, formed light
Degree shade (intensity of illumination is 75% natural lighting), degree of shading is determined using YF-172 digital luxmeter；
Step3, it is applied fertilizer several times in arabiancoffee growth course, every time 350 g/ plants of fertilising.
In the step Step2, brackets with height-adjustable includes tripod, hand crank, pedestal, the body of rod.Tripod is fixed on
Ground, the height of shading screen adjust the flexible of the body of rod by hand crank and control, and allow it always apart from 0.9 m of coffee tree treetop.
In the step Step3, the material that applies fertilizer selects compound fertilizer.Fertilization mode is annular fertilization: apart from arabiancoffee
At 35 ~ 40 cm of trunk, the annular fertilization slot of wide 5 ~ 10 cm, deep 20 ~ 25 cm are dug, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after fertilizer in ditch.
In the step Step3, fertilization time is selected in annual January, April and August respectively several times, and each equivalent is applied
Enter.
Embodiment 3: a kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition, the specific steps of the method are such as
Under:
Step1, to select growing way consistent 5 years raw arabiancoffees be material to be tested, 1.8 m of spacing in the rows, 2.2 m of line-spacing, arabiancoffee
1.71 ~ 1.79 m of plant height, 22.27 ~ 24.34 mm of stem thickness.；
Step2, in having transplanted 5 years raw arabiancoffee ground, build shading shed with shading screen and brackets with height-adjustable, formed light
Degree shade (intensity of illumination is 80% natural lighting), degree of shading is determined using YF-172 digital luxmeter；
Step3, it is applied fertilizer several times in arabiancoffee growth course, every time 400 g/ plants of fertilising.
In the step Step2, brackets with height-adjustable includes tripod, hand crank, pedestal, the body of rod.Tripod is fixed on
Ground, the height of shading screen adjust the flexible of the body of rod by hand crank and control, and allow it always apart from 1 m of coffee tree treetop.
In the step Step3, the material that applies fertilizer selects compound fertilizer.Fertilization mode is annular fertilization: apart from arabiancoffee
At 35 ~ 40 cm of trunk, the annular fertilization slot of wide 5 ~ 10 cm, deep 20 ~ 25 cm are dug, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after fertilizer in ditch.
In the step Step3, fertilization time is selected in annual January, April and August respectively several times, and each equivalent is applied
Enter.
Embodiment 4: a kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition, the present embodiment are tested in 2016 12
The moon, in Baoshan, Yunnan city Lu'an coal mine, (99 ° of 11 ' E, 25 ° of 04 ' N, height above sea level 799 m) were carried out, daily mean temperature highest in January, 2018
With minimum respectively 32.3 DEG C and 10.4 DEG C.
It is material to be tested (plant height that step Step1:2016, which selected growing way consistent 5 years raw arabiancoffees December 28,
1.71 ~ 1.79 m, 22.27 ~ 24.34 mm of stem thickness), seeding row spacing is m(3333 plants of 1.5 m × 2.0.hm-2)；
Step Step2: in having transplanted 5 years raw arabiancoffee ground, shading shed, shape are built with shading screen and brackets with height-adjustable
At slight shade (intensity of illumination is 70% ~ 80% natural lighting), concealment growing environment is provided for arabiancoffee.The test soil in field
Earth is the bronzing sandy loam that formation is developed on old alluvium, 20.2 g of organic matter.kg-1, 106 mg of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen.kg-1, available phosphorus
12.6 mg.kg-1, 56 mg of available potassium.kg-1；
Step Step3: being applied fertilizer several times in arabiancoffee growth course, is applied fertilizer 300 ~ 400 g/ plants every time.
In the step Step2, brackets with height-adjustable can may include using such as lower bracket realization in the prior art
Tripod, hand crank, pedestal, the body of rod；Tripod is fixed on ground, and the height of shading screen adjusts the flexible of the body of rod by hand crank
It controls, allows it always apart from 0.8 ~ 1.0m of coffee tree treetop.
In the step Step3, the material that applies fertilizer selects compound fertilizer.Fertilization mode is annular fertilization: apart from arabiancoffee
At 35 ~ 40 cm of trunk, the annular fertilization slot of wide 5 ~ 10 cm, deep 20 ~ 25 cm are dug, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after fertilizer in ditch.
In the step Step3, fertilization time is selected in annual January, April and August respectively several times, and each equivalent is applied
Enter.
For the advantage more of the invention in yield, 4 Fertilization Levels and 4 shade water are used simultaneously when test
It is flat.Do not shade (S0), slight shade (SL), moderate cover (SM) and severe concealment (SH)；Degree of shading is digital using YF-172
Illumination photometer determines that do not shade (S0) it is 100% natural lighting, slight shade (SL) it is 75% natural lighting, moderate shade (SM) be
60% natural lighting and severe shade (SH) it is 45% natural lighting.4 Fertilization Levels, respectively without fertilizer (F0), low fertilizer (FL), in
Fertilizer (FM) and high fertile (FH).Without fertilizer (F0) it is 0 g/ plants, low fertilizer (FL) it is 200 g/ plants, middle fertilizer (FM) it is 300 g/ plants and high fertile
(FH) it is 400 g/ plants, fertilization time is selected in annual January, April and August respectively；
The present embodiment grows fine in the selection respectively on May 3rd, 2017 (period of blooming) and September 16th (best fruiting period)
Net Photosynthetic Rate is measured with a piece of functional leaf, as a result as shown in Figure 2；And the fresh beans of arabiancoffee will be picked in batches the end of the year in 2017,
After fresh beans husking plus water submerged, standing for fermentation clean rubbing degumming after the completion, and daylight measures dry beans yield after spontaneously drying, as a result
As shown in Figure 3；
S is handled as can be seen from Figure 2LFHDry beans yield it is maximum, be 5990.34kg/km2, but handle SLFMDry beans yield be
5969.18 kg/km2, it is not much different with maximum value.Therefore from cost for, S can be usedLFMPlanting type；
Furthermore, Net Photosynthetic Rate is in SLFMIn moderate (Fig. 3), the too small growth that can hinder coffee is to reduce production
Amount, the excessive overgrowing for leading to coffee tree are not converted into reproductive growth well.Coordinate, balanced nutrients are grown and reproductive growth
Relationship, should ensure the growing way of robust plant, it is allowed constantly to break up bud and yield positive results again, to prolong to the maximum extent
Its long production cycle, increases yield, S should be selectedLFMPlanting type.
Above in conjunction with attached drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Embodiment within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art can also be before not departing from present inventive concept
Put that various changes can be made.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition, it is characterised in that: with arabiancoffee for by shade object
Kind, in the soil for having transplanted 5 years raw arabiancoffees, shading shed is built with shading screen and brackets with height-adjustable, and in granule coffee
It is applied fertilizer several times in coffee growth course；
Specific step is as follows for the method:
Step1, select 5 years raw arabiancoffees for by shade species, 1.5 ~ 2.0 m of spacing in the rows, 2.0 ~ 2.5 m of line-spacing；
Step2, in having transplanted 5 years raw arabiancoffee ground, build shading shed with shading screen and brackets with height-adjustable, formed light
Degree shade, i.e. intensity of illumination are 70% ~ 80% natural lighting, and degree of shading is determined using YF-172 digital luxmeter；
Step3, it is applied fertilizer several times in arabiancoffee growth course, fertilising is 300 ~ 400 g/ plants every time.
2. the shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In the step Step1,1.71 ~ 1.79 m of plant height of arabiancoffee, 22.27 ~ 24.34 mm of stem thickness.
3. the shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under a kind of fertilizer application condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In the step Step3, the material that applies fertilizer selects compound fertilizer, and fertilization mode is annular fertilization: apart from arabiancoffee trunk
At 35 ~ 40 cm, the annular fertilization slot of wide 5 ~ 10 cm, deep 20 ~ 25 cm are dug, uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields earthing after fertilizer in ditch.
4. the shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under a kind of fertilizer application condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In step Step3, fertilization time is selected in annual January, April and August respectively several times, and each equivalent applies.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810941586.XA CN109220447A (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | A kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810941586.XA CN109220447A (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | A kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1190528A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 1998-08-19 | 李占义 | Method for planting herbaceous coffee |
| JP2004075656A (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-03-11 | Fukuji Morita | Method for repelling plant louse |
| CN103004350A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Balanced fertilization method for planting of coffea arabica |
| CN103583171A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-02-19 | 祖延霞 | Dry-hot valley animal and plant community garden planting pattern |
| CN106900306A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-06-30 | 广西都安李义林农科技发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of herbaceous coffee |
-
2018
- 2018-08-17 CN CN201810941586.XA patent/CN109220447A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1190528A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 1998-08-19 | 李占义 | Method for planting herbaceous coffee |
| JP2004075656A (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-03-11 | Fukuji Morita | Method for repelling plant louse |
| CN103004350A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Balanced fertilization method for planting of coffea arabica |
| CN103583171A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-02-19 | 祖延霞 | Dry-hot valley animal and plant community garden planting pattern |
| CN106900306A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-06-30 | 广西都安李义林农科技发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of herbaceous coffee |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘惠明: "《林业理论与实践》", 21 December 2007, 云南科技出版社 * |
| 杨佑明: "《科学施肥指南》", 31 December 1997, 科学技术文献出版社 * |
| 蔡传涛等: "田间不同水肥管理下小粒咖啡的生长和光合特性", 《应用生态学报》 * |
| 齐韵涛等: "限量灌溉和遮阴对干热区小粒咖啡生长、光合及产量的影响", 《排灌机械工程学报》 * |
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