CN103563715A - Sand-stabilization culture method for outdoor grapes - Google Patents
Sand-stabilization culture method for outdoor grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN103563715A CN103563715A CN201310523251.3A CN201310523251A CN103563715A CN 103563715 A CN103563715 A CN 103563715A CN 201310523251 A CN201310523251 A CN 201310523251A CN 103563715 A CN103563715 A CN 103563715A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sand-stabilization culture method for outdoor grapes. The method comprises the following steps: 1, digging planting furrows, wherein the directions of the planting furrows are set in the east-west direction, the spacing between the planting furrows is determined according to grape varieties, and reserving the digged topsoil 20 minus 5 to 20 plus 5 cm below the ground for later use; 2, refilling the planting furrows; 3, planting the grapes, planting grape plants in the middle positions inside the planting furrows with two rows; 4, setting a south slope and a north slope of a small sunny slope; 5, intercropping grass species which have the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, shade resistance, and trample resistance among planting furrows; 6, after the outdoor grapes are harvested in autumn, placing main vines into the planting furrows in the direction of the planting furrows, and covering glue-sprayed cotton quilts for overwintering and proofing cold or 30 minus 5 to 30 plus 5 cm corn straw black adding film on the main vines. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the traditional culture trellis for the outdoor grapes is changed, the yield per unit area of a grapery can be greatly improved, and the soil wind erosion caused in the culture process of the outdoor grapes can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grape and fix the sand cultivation method, especially relate to a kind of open country grape and fix the sand cultivation method.
Background technology
Grape is worldwide fruit, be distributed in all over the world, arrange oranges and tangerines in fruit industry after, row second, China is an ancient country that has more than 2300 year viticulture history, and area, output is 854.89 ten thousand tons of row the second in the world, output all, 55.2 ten thousand hectares of areas, Table Grape occupies No. 1 in the world especially, and China has become world grape big producing country.Grape is the Main Economic crop of NORTHWEST CHINA North China, is pillar of the local economy industry, is the main source of increasing peasant income, and area output accounts for 60% main viny region and the Suitable Area of above ，Shi China in the whole nation.Yet because the advantage producing region of China's grape and desertification district, cold district are in same area, open country grape is wanted safe overwintering, must soil burial winter protection.Winter-spring season, for soil burial winter protection, vineyard will be carried out soil and stirred greatly, and is subject to the impact of traditional open country viticulture pattern, open country grape full Orchard Soil when soil burial winter protection all will stir 2 times, therefore artificial manufacture large-area artificial sand and dust sources.This method has designed open country grape and has fixed the sand culturing and planting pattern and cultivation method, and vineyard soil wind erosion quantity has reduced by 89%.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention changes traditional open country grape cultivation method exactly, provides the open country grape of the soil wind erosion causing in a kind of effective reduction open country viticulture process to fix the sand cultivation method.
The present invention solves that its technical problem takes
technical scheme is: a kind of grape of the present invention fixes the sand cultivation method, the steps include:
The first step. dig field planting ditch, field planting ditch is set to east-west direction, ditch depth 1 ± 0.2m, wide 1 ± 0.2m, the length of ditch is determined according to plot, and field planting ditch line-spacing is 4-10 meters, and concrete field planting ditch line-spacing should be determined according to grape variety; The topsoil digging out more than next top layer 20 ± 5cm stays stand-by;
Second step. backfill field planting ditch first, is mixed with the soil of fertilizer in the field planting ditch digging apart from the following part backfill of ditch top 20～25cm; Then irrigate, wait to irrigate completely again the topsoil more than 20～25cm staying in the first step to be backfilling in field planting ditch;
The 3rd step. grape transplanting stock, by the grapevine seedling centre position in field planting ditch of planting, duplicate rows is planted, Table Grape duplicate rows spacing 0.4 ± 0.1m, spacing in the rows 0.7 ± 0.1m, field planting ditch line-spacing can adopt the line-spacing of 6m, 8m, 10m, and wine grape field planting ditch line-spacing is 4～6m, line-spacing 0.6 ± 0.1m in ditch, spacing in the rows 1.5 ± 0.1m.
The 4th step. Nan Po and the north slope of little tailo are set, (1) Nan Po arranges: field planting ditch southern side is repaiied to the upper edge into Nan Po apart from bottom vertical height 20 ± 5cm place, requirement is not done at the angle of inclination of Nan Po, on the upper edge of Nan Po and previous field planting ditch north slope, between edge, accomplishes slope; (2) north slope setting: field planting ditch north side is repaiied as edge on north slope apart from bottom vertical height 40 ± 5cm place, and the angle of inclination of north slope is 60 ± 5 °, accomplishes slope between edge on edge and next field planting Gou Nan slope on north slope.
The 5th step. in the ranks, intercropping has the grass seeds of drought resisting, cold-resistant, resistance to the moon, resistance to trample character; Such as having Chinese small iris or coronule flower.Chinese small iris drilling, line-spacing 15 ± 2cm, seeding quantity is 5 ± 0.1kg/ mu.The drilling of coronule flower, line-spacing 15 ± 2cm, seeding quantity is 1 ± 0.1kg/ mu.
The 6th step. after open country grape undercarriage in autumn, grape master is climing puts into field planting ditch along field planting ditch direction, and Peng's collodion quilt or the 30 ± 5cm corn stalk that on it, cover for surviving the winter cold-proof add black film.
Of the present invention
beneficial effectfor: after adopting the inventive method, change traditional open country viticulture posture, can greatly improve vineyard unit are income.Can effectively reduce the soil wind erosion causing in open country viticulture process.
Some check experiments of below carrying out in viny region, Huailai for employing the inventive method.Be respectively adopt the inventive method with after traditional cultivation mode to earth's surface wind erosion quantity and the Different Effects that the vertical sediment discharge in earth's surface is produced, see the following form 1,2.The results showed; utilize of the present invention fixing the sand can effectively protect earth's surface during cultivation method soil burial winter protection; wind erosion quantity has declined 89%, and in the above 20cm height in earth's surface, vineyard of intercropping Chinese small iris and coronule flower, sediment discharge has reduced respectively 55.3%, 61.5%, and sand-fixing effect is fairly obvious.
Table 1 different disposal earth's surface wind erosion quantity
The vertical sediment discharge unit in table 2 different disposal earth's surface: g
| Process | 0～5cm | 5～10cm | 10～15cm | 15～20cm | Add up to |
| Intercropping Chinese small iris | 1.0a | 2.5a | 2.5a | 1.2a | 7.2a |
| Intercropping coronule flower | 0.8a | 2.0a | 2.2a | 1.2a | 6.2a |
| Traditional approach | 4.2b | 4.6b | 4.3b | 3b | 16.1b |
In table, after numeral, lowercase represents 5% significance level, lower same.
In Table 3,4, be respectively and adopt the test on the impact of red earth growing state on the impact of fruit quality and single plant yield and two kinds of Different treatments of the inventive method and two kinds of Different treatments of traditional cultivation mode.Show that after deliberation different planting does not exist significant difference (table 3～4) in the indexs such as single fruit weight, fruit vertical and horizontal, soluble solid, single plant yield, leading thread, the thick length of the prolongation tip, the ripe joint number of the prolongation tip, illustrate that grape that duplicate rows is planted fixes the sand to cultivate new posture and can not cause adverse effect to the fruit quality of grape and growing state, and be 314 strains because grape strain number in unit are fixes the sand under cultivation mode, under traditional mode, be 157 strains, make the per mu yield of fixing the sand under cultivation mode exceed intimate one times of traditional mode.In producing region, Huailai, 3 years red Globe Grape per mu yields of life of traditional cultivation posture are difficult to reach 1500kg, after changing traditional cultivation posture, utilize and increase number of plants per unit area, make 3 years red earth per mu yields of life reach rapidly 1500kg, have improved economic benefit.
Table 3 different disposal fruit quality and single plant yield application form
The red earth growing state of table 4 different disposal application form
| Process | Leading thread (mm) | Extend tip rugosity (mm) | Extend tip length (mm) | Extend the ripe joint number of the tip |
| Traditional cultivation pattern | 36.2a | 16.3a | 143.3a | 18.6a |
| Fix the sand cultivation mode | 35.3a | 16.2a | 142.1a | 17.5a |
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of field planting ditch described in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of field planting trench backfill described in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of Table Grape field planting described in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of wine grape field planting described in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that described in the embodiment of the present invention, little tailo arranges schematic diagram;
Embodiment
One embodiment of the invention grape fixes the sand cultivation method, the steps include:
Step 1, as shown in Figure 1, it is east-west digging field planting ditch direction, the wide 1 ± 0.2m of field planting ditch depth 1 ± 0.2m, length is divided opening according to Er Ding， top layer, plot 20cm soil and bottom soil.
As shown in Figure 2, what during backfill, soil fertility was high can execute 2 ± 0.5m in every mu of ground to step 2
3cow dung, if 5 ± 0.5m is executed on the poor every mu of ground of sandy loam of fertilising power
3cow dung, 5 ± 0.5m
3broken corn stalk, 100 ± 10kg phosphate fertilizer mix and are backfilling into below 20 ± 5cm with soil, then irrigate, and wait irrigation complete again by the topsoil backfill of 20 ± 5cm.
Step 3, as shown in Fig. 3～4, grape transplanting stock, by grape transplanting stock centre position in ditch, the cultivation posture of Table Grape is frame, and Training system is the dry shaping of dragon, can adopt the line-spacing of 6m, 8m, 10m, every field planting ditch adopts duplicate rows field planting, duplicate rows spacing 0.4 ± 0.1m, spacing in the rows 0.7 ± 0.1m, grape first horizontal hair is brought up to 0.8 ± 0.1m, vine shoot base portion in ditch just oblique 45 ± 5 ° added, and then the mode of climbing, upper straight mode of climbing tilts.Wine grape adopts hedge frame, and field planting ditch line-spacing is 4～6m, every ditch duplicate rows, and line-spacing 0.6 ± 0.1m in ditch, spacing in the rows 1.5 ± 0.1m, the tree-like employing inverted L-shaped of grape, forms result band, nutrient band, is convenient to management.
Step 4, as shown in Figure 5, little tailo setting, field planting ditch bottom apart from field planting Gou Nan slope along vertical height 20cm, apart from field planting ditch north slope along vertical height 40 ± 5cm, north slope is 60 ± 5 ° apart from angle of inclination, earth's surface.
Step 5, the grass seeds Chinese small iris of intercropping drought resisting in the ranks, cold-resistant, resistance to the moon, resistance to trample or coronule flower.Chinese small iris bar sowing time wherein, line-spacing 15 ± 2cm, seeding quantity is 5 ± 0.1kg/ mu.Broadcast trench depth 3～5cm, thickness of earth covering 2～3cm.Coronule flower bar sowing time, line-spacing 15 ± 2cm, seeding quantity is 1 ± 0.1kg/ mu.Broadcast trench depth 3～5cm, thickness of earth covering 2～3cm.
Claims (1)
1. grape fixes the sand a cultivation method, it is characterized in that this step of putting is as follows:
The first step. dig field planting ditch, field planting ditch is set to east-west direction, ditch depth 1 ± 0.2m, wide 1 ± 0.2m, the length of ditch is determined according to plot, and field planting ditch line-spacing is 4-10 meters, and concrete field planting ditch line-spacing should be determined according to grape variety; The topsoil digging out more than next top layer 20 ± 5cm stays stand-by;
Second step. backfill field planting ditch first, is mixed with the soil of fertilizer in the field planting ditch digging apart from the following part backfill of ditch top 20～25cm; Then irrigate, wait to irrigate completely again the topsoil more than 20～25cm staying in the first step to be backfilling in field planting ditch;
The 3rd step. grape transplanting stock, by the grapevine seedling centre position in field planting ditch of planting, duplicate rows is planted;
The 4th step. Nan Po and the north slope of little tailo are set, (1) Nan Po arranges: field planting ditch southern side is repaiied to the upper edge into Nan Po apart from bottom vertical height 20 ± 5cm place, requirement is not done at the angle of inclination of Nan Po, on the upper edge of Nan Po and previous field planting ditch north slope, between edge, accomplishes slope; (2) north slope setting: field planting ditch north side is repaiied as edge on north slope apart from bottom vertical height 40 ± 5cm place, and the angle of inclination of north slope is 60 ± 5 °, accomplishes slope between edge on edge and next field planting Gou Nan slope on north slope;
The 5th step. in the ranks, intercropping has the grass seeds of drought resisting, cold-resistant, resistance to the moon, resistance to trample character;
The 6th step. after open country grape undercarriage in autumn, grape master is climing puts into field planting ditch along field planting ditch direction, and Peng's collodion quilt or the 30 ± 5cm corn stalk that on it, cover for surviving the winter cold-proof add black film.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN104012360A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-09-03 | 遵义市李龙基葡萄种植农民专业合作社 | Real soil planting method of vine-free grapes |
| CN104012361A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-03 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Method preventing soil, water and fertilizer from being lost when grapes are planted in sand and gravel land |
| CN104429795A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-25 | 新兴际华伊犁农牧科技发展有限公司 | Method for planting grapes in northwest arid region |
| CN104762948A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-08 | 冉永军 | Grape mixed plantation three-dimensional cultivation desertification control method |
| CN106258780A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-01-04 | 唐秀克 | High-yield viticulture method |
| CN106962126A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-07-21 | 宾川县华侨庄园农业科技开发有限公司 | Plateau rose honey and grape plantation bar formula control method for root |
| CN111418433A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-07-17 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Special tree form for protected cultivation of grape difficult to flower and cultivation method |
| CN111557207A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-21 | 刘丽媛 | Improvement method of small greenhouse frame of Turpan grapes |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104012360A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-09-03 | 遵义市李龙基葡萄种植农民专业合作社 | Real soil planting method of vine-free grapes |
| CN104012360B (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2016-03-09 | 遵义市李龙基葡萄种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of without the real native cultivation method of rattan grape |
| CN104012361A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-03 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Method preventing soil, water and fertilizer from being lost when grapes are planted in sand and gravel land |
| CN104012361B (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-13 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method preventing the soil liquid manure loss when gravel soil ground cultivating grape |
| CN104429795A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-25 | 新兴际华伊犁农牧科技发展有限公司 | Method for planting grapes in northwest arid region |
| CN104762948A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-08 | 冉永军 | Grape mixed plantation three-dimensional cultivation desertification control method |
| CN106258780A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-01-04 | 唐秀克 | High-yield viticulture method |
| CN106962126A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-07-21 | 宾川县华侨庄园农业科技开发有限公司 | Plateau rose honey and grape plantation bar formula control method for root |
| CN111557207A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-21 | 刘丽媛 | Improvement method of small greenhouse frame of Turpan grapes |
| CN111418433A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-07-17 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Special tree form for protected cultivation of grape difficult to flower and cultivation method |
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