CN103583171A - Dry-hot valley animal and plant community garden planting pattern - Google Patents
Dry-hot valley animal and plant community garden planting pattern Download PDFInfo
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- CN103583171A CN103583171A CN201310153581.8A CN201310153581A CN103583171A CN 103583171 A CN103583171 A CN 103583171A CN 201310153581 A CN201310153581 A CN 201310153581A CN 103583171 A CN103583171 A CN 103583171A
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Abstract
An embodiment of the invention provides a dry-hot valley animal and plant community garden planting pattern. The pattern is characterized in that neem trees, horseradish trees, Arabica coffee, sandalwood and rosemary are interplanted in a dry-hot valley having climatic indicators such as active accumulated temperature not smaller than 10 DEG C and not larger than 6500 DEG C, lowest mean monthly temperature not smaller than 10 DEG, absolute lowest yearly temperature not smaller than 0 DEG C, yearly hydrothermic coefficient smaller than 0.8-1.0 and spring rainfall smaller than 50mm; after a forest forms, poultry and livestock are stocked in the forest, and rare tropical fruits can be planted in the forest. According to the technical scheme, the trees are planted in the land, the poultry and livestock are bred under the trees, the plants grow and develop together, the plants and the animals are interdependent, organic cycle among plants, animals and microorganisms is realized, and the benefits are maximized; finally, vegetation coverage is increased, dust is held, water is conserved, wind prevention and sand fixation is realized, water and soil are conserved, water sources are conserved, the air is purified, climate is regulated, the environment is beautified, and barren mountains are turned into oases; meanwhile, the plants such as neem trees, horseradish trees, Arabica coffee, sandalwood and rosemary all have high economic value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural planting and desertification treatment technical field, particularly a kind of dry-hot valley association of plants and animals garden plantation pattern.
Background technology
Dry-hot valley belongs to a kind of ecosystem of fragility, high slope, mountain is steep, severe water and soil erosion, desertification of land trend obviously, drought, dry season evaporation discharge be one of areas that 25 times of above ，Shi worlds afforestations of rainfall are very difficult.So the severe water and soil erosion of Dry-hot Valley Area, desertification of land trend are obvious, so carry out dry-hot valley ecological recovery and administer very necessary, also very urgent.Dry-hot valley is located in the upstream of great rivers more, is important self-restraint district, water source, whole river basin, and serious water and soil loss also has very large threat to the large-scale hydroelectric project in downstream.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide and can effectively controls soil erosion in Dry-hot Valley Area, efficiently utilizes land resources, popularization efficient ecological agriculture and forestry, has a kind of dry-hot valley association of plants and animals garden plantation pattern of huge ecological benefits and economic benefits.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, embodiments of the invention provide a kind of dry-hot valley association of plants and animals garden plantation pattern, at climate-index: >=10 ℃ of active accumulated temperature >=6500 ℃, the coldest monthly mean temperature >=10 ℃, year is the minimum air temperature >=0 ℃ definitely, year hydrothermic coefficient < 0.8～1.0, the Dry-hot Valley Area that spring precipitation < is 50 millimeters, to print chinaberry, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis is planted between two different kinds of crops, after a kind is grown into forest, in sylvan life, put poultry in a suitable place to breed, domestic animal, can also plant rare tropical fruit (tree) at woodland.
Wherein, the planting density that described seal chinaberry, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis are planted between every mu of ground is: printing chinaberry is that 4-5 strain, Moringa are that 1800-2200 strain, Coffea Arabica are 200-300 strain, are that sandalwood 40-50 strain, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis are 2300-2700 strain.
Wherein, described seal chinaberry is 4 strains, and described Moringa is 2000 strains, and described Coffea Arabica is 250 strains, and described sandalwood is 44 strains, and described rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis is 2500 strains.
Wherein, the spacing of sandalwood and sandalwood is 4 meters, and line-spacing is 3.5 meters; The spacing of coffee and coffee is 0.8 meter; The spacing of Moringa and Moringa is 0.5 meter; Rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis with rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis spacing be 0.3 meter, line-spacing is 0.75 meter; The line-spacing of sandalwood and Moringa is 1.75 meters; In addition, the plantation spacing of the sandalwood of single file is 3.5 meters.
Wherein, described seal chinaberry, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis implantation time after annual the beginning of spring.
The beneficial effect of technique scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1, in technical scheme of the present invention, sandalwood growth is very fast, and within 1 year, plant height reaches four to five meters, and must comforted by Moringa could normal growth, is plant anti-down the comforting of helping each other; Coffee is to need temperature high, does not need again the plant of high light, growth under tree, and not only growing way is good, and the fruit of knot is many, and quality is also better, can be with Blue Mountain Coffee than beautiful, output the or more than twice of Blue Mountain Coffee; One ton of rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis association of plants and animals plant under pattern can output more than 27 kilograms essential oil, and next ton of rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis of ordinary circumstance can only 17 kilograms of essential oils of output; Four of 0.07 hectare kinds print chinaberry, plant the direction of being in the wind, and a desinsection, is vegetable insecticide, does not affect plant growth; Poultry and livestock is put in the ground and is raised scattered, not only eats worm and pastures, and its excreta has also been carried fertilizer bar material in ground.
The seal chinaberry that association of plants and animals of the present invention garden plantation pattern is chosen, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis etc. plant all has higher economic worth and environmental value, and can interdependence and symbiosis.This several plant of choosing can effectively be driven away insect pest, is not again the plant of domestic birds and animals happiness food, and domestic birds and animals can be gnawed weeds and other plant, has fully guaranteed the growth of each crop that the present invention selects.Meanwhile, group's implants will be interplanted, and such as the Moringa with just taking effect then, interplants the coffee taking effect for 3 years, interplants the sandalwood taking effect for many years simultaneously and prints chinaberry, reaches the effect of " raise short-long, mend short with length ".Association of plants and animals of the present invention garden plantation pattern, on deserted mountain, formed ecological circulation, rationally utilized soil, planted out the vegetation of high extra price, solid water, the effect preventing erosion are remarkable, the more important thing is and increased farmers' income, solved the difficult problem that Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley plant can not grow, worldwide there is originality.
2, in dry-hot valley ecologically fragile areas, adopt association of plants and animals of the present invention garden plantation pattern, can increase vegetation coverage, lay the dust, retaining, checks winds and fixes drifting sand, conserves water and soil, water conservation, purifies air, regulates the climate, beautifies the environment, and makes deserted mountain become oasis.Finally impelling the most of region of dry-hot valley that essence occurs changes: water and soil conservation ability strengthens, water and soil loss reduces, and forms stereo ecological economic system, promotes benign ecological cycles, promote the development of the ecological agriculture and sightseeing tour industry, there are obvious ecological benefits.
3, in Dry-hot Valley Area, promote that to take coffee, Moringa be main Special plant efficient ecological agriculture and forestry and aquaculture, can increase peasant economy income.As Special plant resource, can produce food, drink, rare fruit, plant pesticide, food plant additive, food plant antiseptic agent, high-quality timber of ecosystem safety etc.; And Moringa, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis etc. carry out can making the high value added products such as health preserving tea, the fresh and tender leaf of toxin expelling, balance food, nourishing additive agent after deep processing, have obvious economic and social benefit.
Embodiment
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, be described in detail.
Take dry-hot valley ecotope, Jinsha jiang River is example: dry-hot valley ecotope, Jinsha jiang River is positioned at 25 ° 06 30 of north latitude " 29 ° 01 12 ", 99 ° of 06 03 " 104 ° 08 36 " Yunnan, river intersection of east longitude, main area distributions is the Dry-hot Valley Area below 1500 meters at height above sea level, belong to the semiarid special climate type of south subtropics (index: >=10 ℃ of active accumulated temperature >=6500 ℃, the coldest monthly mean temperature >=10 ℃, year is the minimum air temperature >=0 ℃ definitely, 14 ℃ of average of the whole year temperature difference per day >, dry season, > was 17 ℃, 21 ℃ of left and right of average temperature of the whole year, year hydrothermic coefficient < 0.8～1.0,50 millimeters of spring precipitation <, annual precipitation has 600-900mm, annual sunshine duration reaches 2600-2700 hour).The ecological main feature of Jinsha jiang River dry-hot valley is: high slope, mountain is steep, soil layer is thin, the content of organic matter is less than 1; Approximately have every year that 400,000,000 tons of silts flow in rivers, percentage of forest cover less than 5%, dry season duration more than half a year; Normal wind, strong wind, foehn are in rapid succession; Dry season, evaporation discharge was the more than 25 times of rainfall, and severe water and soil erosion, desertification of land are serious.One's respective area is one of area that world's afforestation is very difficult.
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of dry-hot valley association of plants and animals garden plantation pattern, seal chinaberry, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis are planted between two different kinds of crops after annual the beginning of spring, between plant and to grow into forest after, in sylvan life, put poultry, domestic animal in a suitable place to breed, can also plant rare tropical fruit (tree) at woodland.The seal chinaberry of wherein planting between every mu of ground, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis planting density be: printing chinaberry is that 4 strains, Moringa are that 2000 strains, Coffea Arabica are that 250 strains, sandalwood are that 44 strains, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis are 2500 strains; The spacing of sandalwood and sandalwood is 4 meters, and line-spacing is 3.5 meters; The spacing of coffee and coffee is 0.8 meter; The spacing of Moringa and Moringa is 0.5 meter; Rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis with rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis spacing be 0.3 meter, line-spacing is 0.75 meter; The line-spacing of sandalwood and Moringa is 1.75 meters; In addition, the plantation spacing of the sandalwood of single file is 3.5 meters.
In the slope of dry-hot valley ecologically fragile areas, open up wasteland contour terrace land water conservation, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation surrounded by mountains.For protection of the environment, only execute high-quality fertilizer, do not carry out culture fertility with agricultural chemicals to fertilize.Perfecting the construction of infrastructure overlaps Plants later.Because Moringa and sandalwood all have the feature of fast growth, they can play the effect of mutual treatment, and sandalwood can held up by Moringa upwards long; Coffee is grown under temperature adapt circumstance, does not need strong illumination, so intercropping high-stem plant (Moringa and sandalwood) shades to coffee, is the required condition of mild; Rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis happiness temperature climate, drought-enduring, avoid hot and humid, strong sunshine and high temperature unfavorable to rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis growth, but sylvan life long better, so it is arranged in pairs or groups as Plant community under plantation.So terrace land outer rim, interplanting Moringa, just bears interest then; In the middle of terrace land, interplant 3 strain coffee+1 strain sandalwoods, coffee Second Year just bears interest; Terrace land inner edge sylvan life kind rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis, just bears interest then.Because printing chinaberry, be the desirable pesticide plant of generally acknowledging in the world at present, nearly all plant insect all had to repelling and killing efficacy, and to people and animals and surrounding environment without any pollution.So every mu of 4-5 of soil interplanting prints chinaberry.After sandalwood 4-5, grow into forest, in woods (under) support sweet peak, poultry (chicken, duck, goose etc.), domestic animal (ox, sheep etc.).The animal capables such as the poultry in forest land, domestic animal are eaten up green grass and the insect in ground, are conducive to plant growth; Because the seal chinaberry of choosing, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis are not the plants of domestic birds and animals happiness food, thereby guaranteed the survival and growth of these plants.And the ight soil that animal produces can be done fertilizer, promote these selected plant growths.
In technique scheme, association of plants and animals's garden plantation pattern is planted tree on the ground, the lower cultivation poultry of tree, domestic animal, and plant and plant are shared weal and woe, Plants and Animals is interdependent to be deposited mutually, the organic circulation that has realized plant, animal and microorganism, has realized the maximization of economic benefit and ecological benefits, finally can increase vegetation coverage, lay the dust, retaining, checks winds and fixes drifting sand, conserves water and soil, water conservation, purifies air, regulates the climate, beautifies the environment, and makes deserted mountain become oasis.Meanwhile, the seal chinaberry that the present invention chooses, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis etc. plant all has higher economic worth, can eliminate poverty, and increases farmers' income.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of principle of the present invention and spirit; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1.Yi Zhong dry-hot valley association of plants and animals garden plantation pattern, it is characterized in that, to be >=10 ℃ of active accumulated temperature >=6500 ℃ at climate-index, the coldest monthly mean temperature >=10 ℃, year is the minimum air temperature >=0 ℃ definitely, year hydrothermic coefficient < 0.8～1.0, the Dry-hot Valley Area that spring precipitation < is 50 millimeters, seal chinaberry, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis are planted between two different kinds of crops, after a kind is grown into forest, in sylvan life, put poultry, domestic animal in a suitable place to breed, also can plant rare tropical fruit (tree) at woodland.
2. pattern is planted in dry-hot valley association of plants and animals as claimed in claim 1 garden, it is characterized in that, the planting density that described seal chinaberry, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis are planted between every mu of ground is: printing chinaberry is that 4-5 strain, Moringa are that 1800-2200 strain, Coffea Arabica are 200-300 strain, are that sandalwood 40-50 strain, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis are 2300-2700 strain.
3. dry-hot valley association of plants and animals as claimed in claim 2 garden plantation pattern, is characterized in that, described seal chinaberry is 4 strains, and described Moringa is 2000 strains, and described Coffea Arabica is 250 strains, and described sandalwood is 44 strains, and described rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis is 2500 strains.
4. dry-hot valley association of plants and animals as claimed in claim 1 or 2 garden plantation pattern, is characterized in that, the spacing of sandalwood and sandalwood is 4 meters, and line-spacing is 3.5 meters; The spacing of coffee and coffee is 0.8 meter; The spacing of Moringa and Moringa is 0.5 meter; Rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis with rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis spacing be 0.3 meter, line-spacing is 0.75 meter; The line-spacing of sandalwood and Moringa is 1.75 meters; In addition, the plantation spacing of the sandalwood of single file is 3.5 meters.
5. dry-hot valley association of plants and animals as claimed in claim 1 garden plantation pattern, is characterized in that, described seals chinaberry, Moringa, Coffea Arabica, sandalwood, rosemary, Xue MingRosma rinus officinalis implantation time after the beginning of spring every year.
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| CN201310153581.8A CN103583171A (en) | 2013-04-28 | 2013-04-28 | Dry-hot valley animal and plant community garden planting pattern |
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| CN104012280A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-03 | 福建农林大学 | Neem-tea tree-chamaecrista rotundifolia three-dimensional intercropping tea garden pest control method |
| CN107182677A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-22 | 玉溪开元金蓝生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of method that rosemary interplanting crops administer stony desertification |
| CN109220447A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition |
| CN110663439A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-10 | 攀枝花学院 | Method for ecologically restoring Jinshajiang river dry and hot valley region by using frangipani |
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| CN109220447A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition |
| CN110663439A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-10 | 攀枝花学院 | Method for ecologically restoring Jinshajiang river dry and hot valley region by using frangipani |
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