CN114342628A - Efficient formula fertilization method for multi-variety olive cultivation forest on gentle slope land - Google Patents
Efficient formula fertilization method for multi-variety olive cultivation forest on gentle slope land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient formula fertilization method for a multi-variety olive cultivation forest on a gentle slope land, and relates to the technical field of crop planting. The invention comprises the following steps: s1: measuring soil fertility, namely reasonably selecting a measuring land block and measuring the soil fertility of the olive at different growth stages; s2: a variety one formula, applying fertilizers of different formulas based on different olive varieties; s3: pruning branches; s4: spraying a foliar fertilizer; s5: adopts a red irrigation mode. According to the method, a fertilizer application method with one variety and one formula is adopted, and a 'dynamic' fertilizer application formula which is accurately matched with the variety is formulated according to the characteristics of different varieties and the soil fertility of the olea europaea at different growth stages on the slope, in the slope and under the slope, so that the method is suitable for the use of a multi-variety olive cultivation forest in a gentle slope land, and the problems that the existing olea europaea cultivation method is not suitable for the use in the gentle slope land and the waste of water and fertilizer is serious are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to an efficient formula fertilization method for a multi-variety olive plantation in a gentle slope.
Background
The olive oil is an oil crop of olea of Oleaceae, is a famous subtropical fruit tree and an important economic forest, contains rich nutrition and functional active ingredients, has the functions of preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, resisting tumors and the like, and is worthy of being "the plant oil queen". The olive oil has wide application in the industries of medicine, daily use, chemistry, electronic food, textile and the like; the pomace produced after processing olive fruits also has multiple purposes, the olive pomace oil obtained by purification and refining can be widely used in cosmetics, and the pomace also contains active ingredients such as triterpenes, flavonoids and the like, so that the olive pomace has wide application prospect in the industries of medicine, health care products and cosmetics; the olive leaves are rich in polyphenol antioxidants such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, maslinic acid, flavone and the like, have important physiological health-care functions such as anti-tumor, aging delaying, cardiovascular function enhancing and the like for human bodies, also have good antibacterial effect, and are natural food preservatives.
The existing olive cultivation fertilization technology still has the following defects:
1. the existing fertilization technology does not consider the characteristic of water and fertilizer loss of the gentle slope land, and the fertilizer is not supplied in time;
2. the existing fertilization technology does not make a formula aiming at the growth and fructification characteristics of different varieties, so that the condition of insufficient fertilizer or excessive fertilizer is easily caused, the stability of plant growth and fruiting quantity cannot be ensured due to insufficient fertilizer, the cost can be increased due to the redundant fertilizer, and the symbiotic mycorrhiza can be inhibited on the other hand, so that the growth of crops is not facilitated;
3. although the existing fertilization technology has the consideration of partial integration of water and fertilizer, the accurate supply of 'one product, one formula and one formula' is not realized by the supply of the water and fertilizer.
Therefore, the existing fertilization technology cannot meet the requirements in practical use, so that an improved technology is urgently needed in the market to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient formula fertilization method for a multi-variety olive cultivation forest on a gentle slope land.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a high-efficiency formula fertilization method for a multi-variety olive cultivation forest on a gentle slope, which comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring soil fertility, namely reasonably selecting a measuring land block and measuring the soil fertility of the olive at different growth stages;
s2: a variety one formula, applying fertilizers of different formulas based on different olive varieties;
s3: pruning branches, strengthening the pruning of the branches of the olive at different growth stages, and applying an organic fertilizer when pruning the branches in winter, wherein 20-30 kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each plant;
s4: spraying a foliar fertilizer, wherein a calcium fertilizer and a boron fertilizer are mainly used in the flowering period, and a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer are mainly used in the fruit setting period;
s5: a red irrigation mode is adopted, and in the olive cultivation process, a method of combining salt water red irrigation and organic fertilizer is adopted to enhance water and fertilizer management.
S6: the leguminous plants are planted in an interspecific manner, wherein alfalfa is taken as a main material, and the planting amount is 120Kg of leguminous seeds per hectare.
Further, when the test plots are selected in S1, typical plots of different varieties are selected based on the planting sites of different varieties of olives, and are randomly sampled, and typical plots on a slope, in a slope, and under a slope are selected and are randomly sampled.
Further, in the step S1, the soil fertility of the olea europaea in the early growth stage, the vigorous growth stage, the flowering stage, the fruit setting stage and the rapid fruit growth stage is measured, and the measurement indexes comprise organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, hydrolyzed nitrogen, rapid-acting phosphorus, rapid-acting potassium, rapid-acting calcium and effective boron.
Further, when the S3 olea europaea is used for cultivating and pruning branches, fresh pruning waste is used for protecting the roots, and the using amount of the pruning waste is 15 tons per hectare.
Further, in the step S4, a calcium foliar fertilizer is sprayed during the flowering phase to improve antioxidant components and flavor substances, and the calcium fertilizer is set as calcium oxide, and the calcium fertilizer is specifically sprayed from the flowering phase to the fruit setting phase by using 1 time per 7 days, 2L/hectare, 160g of calcium oxide/L, and from the fruit setting phase, 1 time per 15 days, 2L/hectare, 160g of calcium oxide/L.
Further, the deficit irrigation of S5 is specifically:
s51: in the water sensitive period, the irrigation water supply amount is 75% of the sufficient water supply amount;
s52: in the drought tolerance period, the irrigation water supply amount is lower and is 50 percent of the sufficient water consumption amount;
s53: after the fruits are harvested, the red irrigation is continuously carried out, and the productivity efficiency of the water is improved.
Further, a saline solution is used in the S5 red irrigation, the saline concentration is set to be 4g/L, the use time is set to be 5-9 months of fruit growth period, and the irrigation frequency and the irrigation dosage are set to be 4m per tree in each season3。
Further, organic fertilizer is applied while S5 red irrigation is carried out, the organic fertilizer is set to be compost or olive mill wastewater, and the application amount is set to be 5 tons/hectare compost or 50m3Hectare olive mill wastewater.
Furthermore, after S5 red irrigation, collecting water overflowing after irrigation, and using the collected water to continue irrigation, in the irrigation process, using a portable instrument to accurately measure the water in the field, and realizing effective irrigation based on measured data.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, a variety-formula fertilization method is adopted, and aiming at the characteristics of different varieties, the soil fertility of the olea europaea at different growth stages on the slope, in the slope and under the slope is combined, so that a 'dynamic' fertilization formula which is accurately matched with the varieties is formulated, the characteristics of the niche for planting in the gentle slope land are fully considered, the method is suitable for the use of a multi-variety olive planting forest in the gentle slope land, the planted olea europaea has higher quality, is suitable for the growth and fruiting characteristics of different varieties, realizes high and stable yield, improves economic benefits, reasonably utilizes the fertilizer, realizes accurate fertilizer supply for different varieties, reduces waste, saves cost, reduces environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilizer, and gives consideration to ecological benefits.
2. The invention can improve the water utilization efficiency by adopting a red irrigation mode, and can increase the water content of soil, improve the N content of leaves and improve the antioxidant components of fruits by adopting a mode of combining organic fertilizer and saline irrigation.
3. According to the invention, by spraying the foliar fertilizer and the organic fertilizer, the antioxidant ingredients and flavor substances can be improved, the olive quality can be improved, the sustainable utilization can be realized, the fertilizer can be timely supplied according to the topographic features, and the high yield and the stable yield can be promoted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below.
The invention relates to a high-efficiency formula fertilization method for a multi-variety olive cultivation forest on a gentle slope, which comprises the following steps:
s1: soil fertility determination, namely reasonably selecting and determining plots, and determining the soil fertility of the olea europaea at different growth stages, specifically, selecting typical plots of different varieties based on planting places of different olea europaea varieties, randomly sampling, selecting typical plots on slopes, in slopes and under slopes, randomly sampling, and determining the soil fertility of the olea europaea at the early growth stage, the vigorous growth stage, the flowering stage, the fruit setting stage and the rapid fruit growth stage, wherein the determination indexes comprise organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, hydrolyzed nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, quick-acting calcium and effective boron;
s2: a variety one formula, applying fertilizers of different formulas based on different olive varieties;
the fertilizer formula of a variety I formula comprises the following components:
variety A: n: 10 to 73, P2O5：4.2～29.5、K2O: 7.1-43.5, Ca: 3.1-13.8, B: 0.2-5.6, unit g/plant;
variety B: n: 10 to 75, P2O5：4.1～27.6、K2O: 7.3-45.2, Ca: 3.2-12.6, B: 0.3-4.6, unit g/plant;
variety C: n: 12 to 78, P2O5：4.3～28.5、K2O: 7.1-47.3, Ca: 3.3-14.5, B: 0.2-4.4, unit g/plant;
variety D: n: 10 to 71, P2O5：4.4～29.8、K2O: 7.7-49.5, Ca: 3.2-15.2, B: 0.3-4.5, unit g/plant;
variety E: n: 12 to 77, P2O5：4.6～26.4、K2O: 7.6-47.7, Ca: 3.1-17.3, B: 0.2 to 6.3, unit g/strain.
The fertilization time of a variety I formula is as follows:
variety A: drip irrigation is combined for 1-3 months, and fertilization is carried out for 1-2 times per month; applying the fertilizer for 2-4 times per month in 4-6 months and applying the fertilizer for 3-5 times per month in 7-9 months in combination with drip irrigation; drip irrigation is combined for 10-12 months, and fertilization is carried out for 1-2 times per month;
variety B: drip irrigation is combined for 1-3 months, and fertilization is carried out for 1-3 times per month; drip irrigation is combined for 4-6 months, and fertilization is carried out for 2-5 times per month; in 7-9 months, fertigation is carried out 3-6 times per month in combination with drip irrigation; drip irrigation is combined for 10-12 months, and fertilization is carried out for 1-3 times per month;
variety C: drip irrigation is combined for 1-3 months, fertilization is performed for 1-2 times per month, drip irrigation is combined for 4-6 months, and fertilization is performed for 2-3 times per month; in 7-9 months, fertigation is carried out 3-4 times per month in combination with drip irrigation; drip irrigation is combined for 10-12 months, and fertilization is carried out for 1-2 times per month;
variety D: drip irrigation is combined for 1-3 months, and fertilization is carried out for 1-3 times per month; drip irrigation is combined for 4-6 months, and fertilization is carried out for 2-4 times per month; in 7-9 months, drip irrigation is combined, and fertilization is carried out for 3-5 times per month; drip irrigation is combined for 10-12 months, and fertilization is carried out for 1-3 times per month;
variety E: drip irrigation is combined for 1-3 months, and fertilization is carried out for 1-2 times per month; drip irrigation is combined for 4-6 months, and fertilization is carried out for 2-5 times per month; in 7-9 months, fertigation is carried out 3-6 times per month in combination with drip irrigation; and (4) drip irrigation is combined for 10-12 months, and fertilization is carried out for 1-3 times per month.
S3: pruning branches, strengthening the pruning of the branches of the olea europaea in different growth stages, applying an organic fertilizer when pruning the branches in winter, applying 20-30 kg of the organic fertilizer to each plant, using fresh pruning waste for protecting the roots, using the pruning waste at 15 tons/hectare, and protecting the roots by adopting the pruning waste, so that the soil moisture and the soil carbon content can be improved;
s4: spraying a foliar fertilizer, wherein during the flowering period, a calcium fertilizer and a boron fertilizer are taken as main materials, during the fruit setting period, a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer are taken as main materials, during the flowering period, a foliar calcium fertilizer is sprayed to improve antioxidant ingredients and flavor substances, the calcium fertilizer is set as calcium oxide, and the calcium fertilizer is specifically sprayed for 1 time every 7 days from the flowering period to the fruit setting period, 2L/hectare and 160g of calcium oxide, and is used for 1 time every 15 days from the fruit setting period, 2L/hectare and 160g of calcium oxide;
s5: adopting a red irrigation mode to improve the water utilization rate, adopting a method of combining salt-containing red irrigation with an organic fertilizer to enhance the water and fertilizer management in the olive cultivation process, wherein the salt-containing aqueous solution is used in the red irrigation, the salt concentration is set to be 4g/L, the service time is set to be 5-9 months of fruit growth period, the irrigation frequency and the irrigation dosage are set to be 4m per tree in each season3The organic fertilizer is set as compost or olive mill wastewater, and the fertilizer application amount is set as 5 tons/hectare compost or 50m3Hectare olive mill wastewater, the water content of soil is increased, the N content of leaves is increased, and the antioxidant ingredients of fruits are increased;
the red irrigation specifically comprises the following steps:
s51: in the water sensitive period, the irrigation water supply amount is 75% of the sufficient water supply amount;
s52: in the drought tolerance period, the irrigation water supply amount is lower and is 50 percent of the sufficient water consumption amount;
s53: after the fruits are harvested, the red irrigation is continuously carried out, and the productivity efficiency of the water is improved.
After the water is irrigated in the shape of the Chinese character 'tu', collecting water overflowing after irrigation, wherein the water contains a large amount of fertilizer, and continuing irrigation by using the collected water, so that the high-efficiency utilization of water and the high-efficiency utilization of the fertilizer can be realized simultaneously;
s6: the bean plant is planted in the forest mainly by alfalfa, other bean plants are planted in the forest, the biological diversity is increased, the disease and pest defense capacity is improved, the soil structure is improved, water and soil are maintained, the antioxidant phenols of fruits can be increased, and the planting amount is 120Kg bean seeds per hectare.
The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, and to some of the technical features thereof, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An efficient formula fertilization method for a multi-variety olive cultivation forest on a gentle slope is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring soil fertility, namely reasonably selecting a measuring land block and measuring the soil fertility of the olive at different growth stages;
s2: a variety one formula, applying fertilizers of different formulas based on different olive varieties;
s3: pruning branches, strengthening the pruning of the branches of the olive at different growth stages, and applying an organic fertilizer when pruning the branches in winter, wherein 20-30 kg of the organic fertilizer is applied to each plant;
s4: spraying a foliar fertilizer, wherein a calcium fertilizer and a boron fertilizer are mainly used in the flowering period, and a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer are mainly used in the fruit setting period;
s5: a red irrigation mode is adopted, and in the olive cultivation process, a method of combining salt water red irrigation and organic fertilizer is adopted to enhance water and fertilizer management.
S6: the leguminous plants are planted in an interspecific manner, wherein alfalfa is taken as a main material, and the planting amount is 120Kg of leguminous seeds per hectare.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the determination plot is selected in S1, based on the planting locations of different varieties of olives, the typical plots of different varieties are selected and sampled randomly, and the typical plots on, in and under the slope are selected and sampled randomly.
3. The efficient formulated fertilization method for the multi-variety olive plantation in the gentle slope according to claim 1, wherein soil fertility of the olives in the early growth stage, the vigorous growth stage, the flowering stage, the fruit setting stage and the fast fruit growth stage is measured in S1, and measurement indexes comprise organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, hydrolyzed nitrogen, fast-acting phosphorus, fast-acting potassium, fast-acting calcium and available boron.
4. The efficient formulated fertilization method for the multi-variety olive cultivation forest on the gentle slope according to claim 1, wherein fresh trimming waste is used for protecting roots when branches are trimmed in the S3 olive cultivation process, and the use amount of the trimming waste is 15 tons per hectare.
5. The method for high-efficiency formulated fertilization of a multi-variety olive plantation on a gentle slope according to claim 1, wherein a foliar calcium fertilizer is sprayed in the flowering phase to improve antioxidant ingredients and flavor substances in S4, the calcium fertilizer is set to be calcium oxide, and the calcium fertilizer is specifically sprayed from the flowering phase to the fruit setting phase by 1 time every 7 days, 2L/hectare, 160g of calcium oxide, and from the fruit setting phase by 1 time every 15 days, 2L/hectare, 160g of calcium oxide.
6. The efficient formula fertilization method for the multi-variety olive cultivation forest on the gentle slope land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the red irrigation of S5 specifically comprises:
s51: in the water sensitive period, the irrigation water supply amount is 75% of the sufficient water supply amount;
s52: in the drought tolerance period, the irrigation water supply amount is lower and is 50 percent of the sufficient water consumption amount;
s53: after the fruits are harvested, the red irrigation is continuously carried out, and the productivity efficiency of the water is improved.
7. The efficient formulated fertilization method for the multi-variety olive plantation forest on the gentle slope according to claim 1, wherein a saline solution is used for the S5 red irrigation, the saline concentration is set to be 4g/L, the use time is set to be 5-9 months of fruit growth period, and the irrigation frequency and the irrigation dosage are set to be 4m per tree per season3。
8. The efficient formulated fertilization method for the multi-variety olive cultivation forest on the gentle slope land as claimed in claim 1, wherein S5 red irrigation is performed while organic fertilizer is applied, the organic fertilizer is compost or olive mill wastewater, and the application amount is 5 tons/hectare of compost or 50m3Hectare olive mill wastewater.
9. The efficient formulated fertilization method for the multi-variety olive cultivation forest on the gentle slope according to claim 1, wherein after the S5 red irrigation, water overflowing after the irrigation is collected and the irrigation is continued by using the collected water, and during the irrigation, water in the field is accurately measured by using a portable instrument, and the effective irrigation is realized based on the measured data.
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