CN107889602A - The disposable root area of rice at whole growth periods whole fertilizer spreads manuer in holes method - Google Patents
The disposable root area of rice at whole growth periods whole fertilizer spreads manuer in holes method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107889602A CN107889602A CN201610874629.8A CN201610874629A CN107889602A CN 107889602 A CN107889602 A CN 107889602A CN 201610874629 A CN201610874629 A CN 201610874629A CN 107889602 A CN107889602 A CN 107889602A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
Spreaded manuer in holes method the invention discloses a kind of disposable root area of rice at whole growth periods whole fertilizer：During paddy growth, fertilizer needed for rice growing season is all disposably applied by the approach of spreading manuer in holes, and the no longer top dressing within the paddy growth cycle.The present invention only applies base manure, without any top dressing, and a common fertilizer is only applied between the time of infertility, you can meets in the paddy growth cycle to the needs of nutrient, saving human and material resources needed for growth, improving utilization rate of fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field crop technical field of fertilizer application, and in particular to a kind of rice at whole growth periods whole fertilizer is disposable
Root area spreads manuer in holes method.
Background technology
Rice is one of China's staple food crop.From sowing seedling to harvest, typically in addition to applying base manure, it is also necessary to
Carry out the top dressing of 1-2 times.The characteristics of due to underwater cultivation, the base manure of rice are ploughed progress after generally being spread fertilizer over the fields by surface, and
Top dressing can only be spread fertilizer over the fields due to the characteristics of there are water and plant strain growth in field by surface.After base manure application, measure is not ploughed often not
The fertilizer of application can be made to be well mixed with topsoil soils, fertilizer can not be made to be adsorbed in soil particle surface quickly, thus with
In measure of pouring water afterwards a part of fertilizer can be made to be directly present in the superficial water of field, the fertilizer nutrient in superficial water is extremely easy
Lost because of rainwash.Due to that can only be spread on field surface, its loss late is higher for top dressing.
In addition, field rice is typically planted by the way of cave plants, this cultivation feature determines the nutrient that rice strain absorbs
The overwhelming majority comes from around root system.And it is to spread fertilizer over the fields that paddy soil fertilising is general, this just forms root area and fertile area's goodness of fit is poor
Situation, unavoidably cause the result that rice field fertilizer nutrient is lost by number of ways, utilization rate of fertilizer is low.
A series of reaction such as Adsorption and desorptions, fixation, release, different fertilizer can occur after incorporation of fertilizerin the soil at clay fertilizer interface
Material migration distance in soil is variant, thus has influence on absorption and utilization ratio of the crop to fertilizer.In general, Shi Zuo
Fertilizer near thing root system, its utilization rate is higher, but because fertilizer enters after soil the physics occurred, chemistry, biochemistry
Reaction, around the fertilising point for concentrating fertilising (commonly referred to as " fertilizer microsite ") nutrient density can than the periphery soil body in nutrient content
Be higher by several times even tens times, the microbial activity in fertilizer microsite can be affected, so as to slow down fertilizer be decomposed in itself or
The process of nitrification, the fertilizer for applying concentration have the function of slow-release fertilizer.Therefore, in theory, Suitable depth and distance
Root area fertilising can substitute multiple fertilising.The theoretical foundation that this part thing this method proposes.
However, because fertilizer microsite nutrient density is high, thus there is also the possibility of burn seed or young root, therefore the party
It is the exploration to site of applying fertilizer that method, which has the premise of feasibility, and the support of associated supporting machinery and technology.We
The researcher of method is devoted for years to exploration and research in the field, is verified by theoretic discussion and long term production, to the party
Method is summarized and concluded, and preliminary tangible effect is demonstrated by field test.
The content of the invention
Spreaded manuer in holes method it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of disposable root area of rice at whole growth periods whole fertilizer.Pin of the present invention
Rice basal fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields, top dressing operation is inconvenient, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, manpower and materials put into more situation, there is provided Yi Zhongshui
The disposable root area of rice time of infertility whole fertilizer spreads manuer in holes method, and making only to need during paddy growth to apply a base manure to meet
It grows demand.
The purpose of the present invention can be reached by following measures：
A kind of disposable root area of rice at whole growth periods whole fertilizer spreads manuer in holes method, during paddy growth, by paddy growth
Fertilizer needed for phase is all disposably applied by the approach of spreading manuer in holes, and the no longer top dressing within the paddy growth cycle.
In the method for the invention, whole fertilizer disposably impose on rice root by the approach of spreading manuer in holes needed for rice growing season
In the range of area.Such as by whole fertilizer by the mode of spreading manuer in holes put on away under 0~20cm of rice root lateral separation, root longitudinally away from
At 1~20cm.
In a kind of scheme, whole fertilizer needed for rice growing season by the mode of spreading manuer in holes be applied to away from rice root laterally away from
At 4~15cm of fore-and-aft distance under 0~10m, root.
In a kind of scheme, whole fertilizer needed for rice growing season by the mode of spreading manuer in holes be applied to away from rice root laterally away from
At 5~15cm of fore-and-aft distance under 3~8cm, root.
In another scheme, whole fertilizer needed for rice growing season are applied to horizontal away from rice root by the mode of spreading manuer in holes
Under distance 5cm, root at 8~15cm of fore-and-aft distance.
The species of fertilizer has no particular/special requirement needed for rice growing season in the present invention, can be directly fertile using agriculturally commonly using
Material, such as local conventional fertilizer and kind.
Amount of application of the invention to fertilizer needed for rice growing season, can be according to local concrete condition (such as without particular/special requirement
The conditions such as soil property, rice varieties) it is adjusted or implements, also can be directly using local experience usage amount.In a kind of scheme,
Fertilizer needed for rice growing season is nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
In a kind of more specifically scheme, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 10~18kg/ mus with N, and the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is with P2O5Meter
For 6~15kg/ mus, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is with K2O is 6~15kg/ mus.
In another more specifically scheme, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 12~15kg/ mus with N, the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer with
P2O56~10kg/ mus are calculated as, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is with K2O is 8~12kg/ mus.
In a kind of concrete scheme, in fertilizer needed for rice growing season, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 15kg/ mus, phosphate fertilizer with N
Amount of application with P2O56kg/ mus are calculated as, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is with K2O is 8kg/ mus.
In another concrete scheme, in fertilizer needed for rice growing season, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 12kg/ mus, phosphorus with N
The amount of application of fertilizer is with P2O58kg/ mus are calculated as, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is with K2O is 12kg/ mus.
In another concrete scheme, in fertilizer needed for rice growing season, the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 12kg/ mus, phosphorus with N
The amount of application of fertilizer is with P2O510kg/ mus are calculated as, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is with K2O is 12kg/ mus.
The method of the present invention, also without particular/special requirement, kind is promoted mainly for locality to specific rice varieties.
" rice growing season " in the present invention refers to that paddy rice harvests after entering crop field from shoot transplanting equipment to rice maturation and stopped.
" rice root area " in the present invention refers to the main root system of single cave rice normal growth scope in one's power.
When " rice root " in the present invention refers to just transplant per cave rice shoot root system mainly at concentration.
Specific method (on-mechanical method) of spreading manuer in holes in the present invention includes：Rice shoot by given line away from spacing in the rows, by manually moving
Plant into crop field cell, transplant after completing one day, the NPK mixed fertilizer that will divide by every cave dosage, pass through simple fertilizer distributor
The fertilizer placement set is put into, after fertilizer places, the space above floating fertilizer hole.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The present invention only applies base manure, without any top dressing, is only applied once between the time of infertility
Common fertilizer, you can meet in the paddy growth cycle to the needs of nutrient, saving human and material resources needed for growth, improving fertilizer profit
With rate.
Brief description of the drawings
Tu1Wei Gen areas disposably spread manuer in holes and the conventional comparison diagram spread fertilizer over the fields three times on rice yield influence.
In figure, N15 is spread：N dosages are 15kg/ mus, and routinely 4-3-3 ratios are spread fertilizer over the fields in three times；N11 is spread：N dosages are
11kg/ mus, routinely 4-3-3 ratios spread fertilizer over the fields in three times；N11 caves inclined 0 deep 10：N dosages are 11kg/ mus, are disposably spreaded manuer in holes, position
Under root at 10cm；N11 caves inclined 5 deep 5：N dosages are 11kg/ mus, are disposably spreaded manuer in holes, and position is at inclined root 5cm depths 5cm；N11 caves
Inclined 5 deep 10：N dosages are 11kg/ mus, are disposably spreaded manuer in holes, and position is at inclined root 5cm depths 10cm；N11 caves inclined 9.5 deep 10：N dosages
For 11kg/ mus, disposably spread manuer in holes, position is at inclined root 9.5cm depths 10cm；CK：The control treatment of N fertilizer is not applied.
Note：The different letters of abc represent difference up to 0.05 level of signifiance
Fig. 2 is that different N rates Xia Gen areas disposably spread manuer in holes and the conventional comparison diagram spread fertilizer over the fields three times on rice yield influence.
Fig. 3 is that different N rates Xia Gen areas disposably spread manuer in holes and conventional spread fertilizer over the fields three times influences on rice field growing state
Comparison diagram.
In figure, blue font (first row and the 3rd row in figure) represents conventional and spreads fertilizer over the fields mode three times, and red font is (the in figure
Two rows and the 4th row) represent that root area disposably spreads manuer in holes mode, numeral represents every mu of amount of nitrogen, kg.
Embodiment
Embodiment described herein is only used for that the present invention will be described, and is not construed as limiting the scope of claims limitation, this
Other flexible means that art personnel are contemplated that, within the scope of the invention as claimed.
In following example " the inclined X depths Y " in cave refers to be applied fertilizer using the method spreaded manuer in holes, and horizontal for root system at fertilising
Distance X cm, fore-and-aft distance are under root at Y cm.
The specific method spreaded manuer in holes in following example is：Rice shoot by given line away from being transplanted with spacing in the rows after the completion of, will be used by every cave
The NPK mixed fertilizer divided is measured, the fertilizer placement set is put into by simple fertilizer distributor, after fertilizer places, floating fertilizer
Expect the space above hole.
The specific method spread fertilizer over the fields in following example is：Behind arable land, the phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and a part of nitrogen of base manure will act as
Fertilizer, mixed after being weighed up by each field plot institute expense, by being manually spread on cell soil surface, by manually turning over after having spread
Ground, native table fertilizer is ploughed under under soil or mixed with soil, is poured water, then carry out shoot transplanting equipment.
Embodiment 1
Using the inventive method, it is disposable that rice root area whole fertilizer has been carried out in Jingmen City, Hubei Province in May, 2013
Spread manuer in holes and spread fertilizer over the fields the field test made comparisons three times with conventional.Plot area is 40m2, density is 14700 plants/acre, and line-spacing is
24cm, spacing in the rows 19cm.Each processing phosphorus potash fertilizer dosage is consistent, phosphate fertilizer 6kg/ mus (P2O5), potash fertilizer 8kg/ mus (K2O).The experiment nitrogen
Fertilizer has 2 kinds of dosages, and one kind is local custom dosage 15kg/ mus (N), and one kind is decrement 11kg/ mus (N), according to N dosage and is applied
7 processing are provided with mode, are respectively：N15 spreads (N dosages are 15kg/ mus, and routinely 4-3-3 ratios are spread fertilizer over the fields in three times),
N11 is spread (N dosages are 11kg/ mus, and routinely 4-3-3 ratios are spread fertilizer over the fields in three times), N11 caves inclined 0 deep 10 (N dosages are 11kg/ mus,
Disposably spread manuer in holes, position is under root at 10cm), (N dosages are 11kg/ mus, are disposably spreaded manuer in holes, position is in inclined root in N11 caves inclined 5 deep 5
At 5cm depths 5cm), inclined 5 deep 10 (N dosages are 11kg/ mus, are disposably spreaded manuer in holes, and position is at inclined root 5cm depths 10cm) of N11 caves, N11
Inclined 9.5 deep 10 (N dosages are 11kg/ mus, are disposably spreaded manuer in holes, and position is at inclined root 9.5cm depths 10cm) of cave, and CK (do not apply N fertilizer
Control treatment).
As a result (as shown in Figure 1) is shown, in the case where mu amount of nitrogen is 11kg, the rice that fertilizer is disposably spreaded manuer in holes compares
The processing spread fertilizer over the fields in three times is significantly increased production, wherein the processing that position is inclined root 5cm depths 5cm of spreading manuer in holes, volume increase 43.8%, is secondly root
Lower 10cm processing, volume increase 38.2%, inclined root 5cm depths 10cm processing, volume increase 31.1%, inclined root 9.5cm depths 10cm processing
Volume increase 6.3%.And compared with mu amount of nitrogen in conventional method is the processing that 15kg is spread fertilizer over the fields in three times by 4-3-3, mu is subtracted with nitrogen quantity
Spreading manuer in holes within root 5cm partially, still increases production 10.3%~21.0% in the case of few 4kg.
Embodiment 2
In May, 2014 is used in Guangde County of Anhui Province15N isotope marks fertilizer carried out rice root area disposably spread manuer in holes with often
Rule spread fertilizer over the fields the manuring field trial made comparisons three times.Experiment sets 3 processing：Conventional fertilizer application (is spread fertilizer over the fields) by several times by 4-3-3, disposably
Spread manuer in holes and (spread manuer in holes position at inclined root 5cm depths 10cm), and the not control treatment of nitrogen fertilizer application.Each processing phosphorus potassium application rate is consistent, applies
The cell nitrogen fertilizer amount of nitrogen processing is also equal, and azophoska dosage is respectively：N 15kg/ mus, P2O56kg/ mus, K2O 8kg/
Mu.
As a result show (as shown in table 1), all fertilizer are disposably spreaded manuer in holes with the processing volume variance of conventional point of 3 administration not
Significantly, but the disposable true utilization rate of fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes is can be seen that up to 93.3% by comparing the true utilization rate of fertilizer,
And it is 27.5% to spread fertilizer over the fields the true utilization rate of fertilizer under mode three times, loss of nitrogen fertilizer rate under mode of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 58.5%, and nitrogen of spreading manuer in holes
Fertile loss late is only 4.0%.
Table 115N labelled fertilizers routinely spread fertilizer over the fields three times spreads manuer in holes to rice yield, utilization rate of fertilizer and loss with disposable root area
The influence (Guangde County Anhui Province, 2014) of rate
Note：The true utilization rate of fertilizer is N amounts/(pedo relict N amounts after total N applied-crop harvesting) * that crop absorbs
100%, similarly hereinafter.
Fertilizer loss rate is (pedo relict N amounts after N amounts-crop harvesting that total N applied-crop absorbs)/total N applied *
100%, similarly hereinafter.
Embodiment 3
In May, 2014 is used in Jiangyan City of Jiangsu Province15N isotope marks fertilizer carried out rice root area disposably spread manuer in holes with often
Rule spread fertilizer over the fields the manuring field trial made comparisons three times.Experiment sets 3 processing：Conventional fertilizer application (is spread fertilizer over the fields) by several times by 4-3-3, disposably
Spread manuer in holes and (spread manuer in holes position at inclined root 5cm depths 10cm), and the not control treatment of nitrogen fertilizer application.Each processing phosphorus potassium application rate is consistent, applies
The cell nitrogen fertilizer amount of nitrogen processing is also equal, and azophoska dosage is respectively：N 15kg/ mus, P2O56kg/ mus, K2O 8kg/ mus.
As a result show (as shown in table 2), all fertilizer are disposably spreaded manuer in holes compared with the routinely processing of point 3 administrations, volume increase
64.8kg/ mus, rate of growth is little up to true utilization rate and the loss late difference of fertilizer under 8.4%, two kind of fertilization mode, spreads manuer in holes down
The true utilization rate of fertilizer is 48.7%, loss late 47.6%, and it is 41.8% to spread fertilizer over the fields the true utilization rate of fertilizer under mode, loss late
For 49.4%.
Table 215N labelled fertilizers routinely spread fertilizer over the fields three times spreads manuer in holes to rice yield, utilization rate of fertilizer and loss with disposable root area
The influence (Jiangsu Jiangyan City, 2014) of rate
Embodiment 4
In May, 2015 Jiangyan City of Jiangsu Province with carried out rice root area under different nitrogen amount applieds disposably spread manuer in holes with it is conventional
The manuring field trial made comparisons is spread fertilizer over the fields three times.Experiment sets 12 processing by N is horizontal with method of application, and fertilization mode is divided into routine
Spread fertilizer over the fields for 3 times and (to be spread fertilizer over the fields by several times by 4-3-3) and root area disposably spreads manuer in holes and (spreads manuer in holes position at inclined root 5cm depths 10cm).Each processing phosphorus
Potassium application rate is consistent, respectively P2O56kg/ mus, K2O 8kg/ mus.Nitrogenous fertilizer (N) dosage sets 6 levels, is respectively：6kg/ mus, 9kg/
Mu, 12kg/ mus, 15kg/ mus, 18kg/ mus, 21kg/ mus.Each processing is respectively repeated 4 times.As a result (as shown in Figure 2) is shown, it is and normal
Rule, which are spread fertilizer over the fields for 3 times, to be compared, and the rice yield of disposably spreading manuer in holes of the fertilizer under different Nitrogen Levels dramatically increases, nitrogen amount applied 6kg/
Under mu, 9kg/ mus, 12kg/ mus, 15kg/ mus, 18kg/ mus, 21kg/ mus, disposably spread manuer in holes to spread fertilizer over the fields than conventional 3 times and increase production respectively
47.8%th, 42.2%, 37.0%, 44.9%, 42.7%, 55.7%.In addition, from the point of view of field rice growing state, can be very
Be apparent from, plant leaf color is greener under mode of disposably spreading manuer in holes, tiller number apparently higher than the processing routinely spread fertilizer over the fields, especially in height
In the case of N, there is obvious " envelope row " phenomenon in rice plant in processing of disposably spreading manuer in holes, and conventional to spread fertilizer over the fields lower plant line space bright
Aobvious (as shown in Figure 3).
Claims (9)
- A kind of method 1. disposable root area of rice at whole growth periods whole fertilizer spreads manuer in holes, it is characterised in that, will during paddy growth Fertilizer needed for rice growing season is all disposably applied by the approach of spreading manuer in holes, and the no longer top dressing within the paddy growth cycle.
- 2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that whole fertilizer are by spreading manuer in holes needed for the rice growing season Approach is disposably imposed in the range of rice root area.
- 3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that whole fertilizer pass through the side of spreading manuer in holes needed for the rice growing season Formula is put on away under 0~10cm of rice root lateral separation, root at 4~15cm of fore-and-aft distance.
- 4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that whole fertilizer pass through the side of spreading manuer in holes needed for the rice growing season Formula is applied to away under 3~8cm of rice root lateral separation, root at 5~15cm of fore-and-aft distance.
- 5. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterised in that whole fertilizer pass through the side of spreading manuer in holes needed for the rice growing season Formula is applied to away under rice root lateral separation 5cm, root at 8~15cm of fore-and-aft distance.
- 6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that fertilizer use is agriculturally local needed for the rice growing season Conventional fertilizer.
- 7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterised in that fertilizer needed for the rice growing season is nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium Fertilizer.
- 8. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterised in that the amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 10~18kg/ mus, phosphorus with N The amount of application of fertilizer is with P2O56~15kg/ mus are calculated as, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is with K2O is 6~15kg/ mus.
- 9. according to the method for claim 8, it is characterised in that the amount of application of the nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated as 12~15kg/ mus, phosphorus with N The amount of application of fertilizer is with P2O56~10kg/ mus are calculated as, the amount of application of potash fertilizer is with K2O is 8~12kg/ mus.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108718639A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-02 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | A kind of fertilizer application method and its application of rice field shrimp rice symbiosis |
| CN108781673A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-13 | 湖南农业大学 | The method applied Controlled Release Fertilizer and improve early rice yield is synchronized by the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108849332A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for improving early rice plant recovery of nutrient by the synchronous accurate fertilizing of the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108849295A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for improving early rice yield by the synchronous accurate fertilizing of the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108887113A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-27 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for improving late rice yield by the synchronous accurate fertilizing of the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108934847A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-07 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for improving late rice plant recovery of nutrient by the synchronous accurate fertilizing of the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108934859A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-07 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | The disposable rhizosphere positioning of rice lures the profound fertilising yield-increasing cultivation method of root |
| CN112335388A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-09 | 扬州大学 | Method for applying nitrogen to direct-seeded rice in whole growth period by one-time formula |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108718639A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-02 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | A kind of fertilizer application method and its application of rice field shrimp rice symbiosis |
| CN108781673A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-13 | 湖南农业大学 | The method applied Controlled Release Fertilizer and improve early rice yield is synchronized by the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108849332A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for improving early rice plant recovery of nutrient by the synchronous accurate fertilizing of the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108849295A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for improving early rice yield by the synchronous accurate fertilizing of the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108887113A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-27 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for improving late rice yield by the synchronous accurate fertilizing of the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108934847A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-07 | 湖南农业大学 | The method for improving late rice plant recovery of nutrient by the synchronous accurate fertilizing of the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108934859A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-07 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | The disposable rhizosphere positioning of rice lures the profound fertilising yield-increasing cultivation method of root |
| CN112335388A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-09 | 扬州大学 | Method for applying nitrogen to direct-seeded rice in whole growth period by one-time formula |
| CN112335388B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-06-28 | 扬州大学 | Method for applying nitrogen to direct-seeded rice in one-step formula during whole growth period |
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Application publication date: 20180410 |