CN104641920A - Wild tea camellias cutting seedling raising method - Google Patents
Wild tea camellias cutting seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104641920A CN104641920A CN201510119837.2A CN201510119837A CN104641920A CN 104641920 A CN104641920 A CN 104641920A CN 201510119837 A CN201510119837 A CN 201510119837A CN 104641920 A CN104641920 A CN 104641920A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of tea tree seedling raising and specifically discloses a wild tea camellias cutting seedling raising method. The wild tea camellias cutting seedling raising method mainly comprises the following steps: within cutting time in May to June or October to November, scissoring new twigs which are 1.8-2.2mm in stem diameter and grown in the current year from selected excellent stock trees as cutting seedlings, wherein the branches become red from green, and the cutting seedlings are semi-lignified strong branch tips which are free of quarantine diseases and provided with axillary buds, preparing a seedling bed, cutting, shielding the sunshine, preventing freezing, performing field management after cutting, transplanting and the like. According to the characteristics that wild tea camellias is concentrated in a high altitude area with great diurnal temperature difference and cold winters, and has unique growth characteristics, improvements to the material selection, seedling bed preparation, seedling field management and the like, which are different from those of a common tea tree cutting technology, are made, so that the survival rate of the wild tea camellias is greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tea tree nursery field, particularly relate to giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method.
Background technology
In the tea tree breed resources bank of China's abundant, there is the unartificial cultivation of a class also seldom to gather and process the giant tea tree of tealeaves, be commonly called as wild giant tea tree.This is the unartificial cultivation of a class, and is seldom again the arbor type tea tree that people utilizes, and its common trait is that tree height is large, and leaf is thick, the many keratins of leaf table.The how tapered or kidney shape of seed, seed coat is coarse, resistance, and fertility is low.Wild giant tea tree is the elementary Tea Germplasm that genetic diversity is the abundantest, have preservation and researching value most.Because giant tea tree belongs to the cross-pollinatd plant of selfing not affinity; if do not protected wild giant tea tree resource; the genetic resources that China's crossbreeding can utilize can by fewer and feweri; the isozygoty continuous increase of probability of filial generation deleterious allele will cause tea tree individual adaptability progressively to decline; finally cause tea tree progeny population genetic diversity more and more narrower, bring serious consequence to the evolution of tea tree species.The obvious cachet proterties such as further, wild tea trees has strong stress resistance, cold-resistant, these proterties by hybridization, can obtain excellent new tea cultivar.Therefore, wild giant tea tree resource must be paid attention to, the wild giant tea tree resource of China is protected.
Method at present to the cottage propagation that the protection of wild giant tea tree all adopts usually, but the feature understanding of people to wild giant tea tree is not enough, the technical measures taked in cuttage transplanting process are improper, cause many wild giant tea trees not survive.Number of patent application is the Technique on Cuttage Propagation that patent discloses a kind of tea tree of 201410440068.1: main using high-quality branch as cuttage fringe, by rational clip and choose surely that reasonably season and time carry out cottage propagation, should be noted that when cottage propagation and to shade and antifreeze, control and the watering, fertilizing of strengthening damage by disease and insect will be noted simultaneously, by the time Second Year selection mid-March is overcast and rainy throws off the thing that shades, and the tea seedling choosing reasonable specification carries out hardening.
But different with common tea tree, the wild giant tea tree of China is mainly distributed in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, concentrate on high altitude localities, day and night temperature is large, and winter is cold, there is the growth characteristic of oneself uniqueness, in selection, the preparation in seedbed, the management etc. in seedling field, all there is difference, adopt the wild giant tea tree survival rate of traditional tea cutting method low, the vacation that how much can only maintain 2 ~ 6 months is lived, and its Technique on Cuttage Propagation is not suitable for wild giant tea tree.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method, to solve the low problem of high altitude localities wild giant tea tree cottage propagation survival rate.
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a kind of giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method, comprising the following steps:
1. giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting time: 5 ~ June or 10 ~ November;
(2) cuttage cladus bar is selected: from stock tree, clip stem is slightly that the branch of 1.8-2.2mm is as cuttage cladus bar;
(3) clip of cuttage fringe: select that there is the cuttage cladus bar that a healthy and strong foliage support axillalry bud, the branch at above for leaf 5mm place stalk is cut off, leaf is cut 1/1 to 2/3rd, and the branch at the place of 3-4cm below leaf stalk is splayed downwards, the cuttage cladus bar at place of splaying is 40-45 °;
(4) preservation of cuttage fringe: remaining cuttage fringe, piles up moisturizing and to shelter from heat or light the mire of wind sheltering, and sprinkle one deck water;
(5) preparation in seedbed: select height above sea level higher than 1200 meters, intensity of illumination is the making seedbed, wind sheltering level land of 20000-30000 lux, the soil layer on level land is thick reaches more than 1 meter, and not containing limestone serous in soil layer, the content of organic matter 1%-2% of soil layer; First soil removed weeds, plough deeply, smooth and fine earth, with the width unwrapping wire of 1.1 meters, seedbed spacing is 30cm, choose in acid new soil, being deposited in waters together afterwards disperses, crumb and clamp thin, smooth for new soil is covered on seedbed, pat new soil and make its consolidation, the thickness of new soil is 9-11cm;
(6) cuttage: surface, seedbed is squirted, wait show native tack-free time to paddle line by length of blade again, cuttage head progeny row is apart from 15cm, spacing in the rows 6-8cm, cuttage fringe is inserted in soil, petiole base distance ground 0.2-0.3cm, to drench seedbed with clear water in good rear five minutes of cuttage;
(7) sunshade and antifreeze: insert timbers along both sides, seedbed every 3 meters, adjacent timber top is fixedly connected with by support bar, support bar is equipped with at least 2 layers of solar protection devices and carries out sunshade; In sunshade, arrange a defroster during winter, defroster is that bamboo chip inserts firmly along both sides, seedbed with the arc of 180 °, and the overhead height of the bamboo chip be plugged, from seedbed 55cm-60cm, is inserted with a bamboo chip every 2 meters, bamboo chip covers last layer film;
(8) field management after cuttage:
A, to water: during summer, within during first month fine day one day, water once, rainy day does not water, and after tea shoot survives, within 3-5 days, waters 1 time, waters at every turn and will irrigate; During winter, by film cover on bamboo chip, when temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, open film and to water or breathe freely hydrofuge, fine day number weekly waters weekly once more than when 4 days, when fine day number is weekly less than 4 days, within 10-15 days, waters once;
B, take off film: after the Ching Ming Festival, if frost and snow weather stops, and the temperature temperature difference of every day is less than 5 DEG C, then open film; Otherwise, then continue to cover, when thin temperature in the shed is higher than 30 DEG C, then open film two ends row's temperature;
C, take off sunshade net: after grain rains, first open one deck sunshade net, often cross and open one deck again in 4 days, sunshade net leaves one deck after having taken off, and will cover the sunshade net stayed at temperature higher than the weather of 30 DEG C;
D, weeding: adopt manual mode weeding of nipping off weeds;
E, desinsection apply fertilizer: apply fertilizer once to cuttage fringe bimester of per, each moon to cuttage fringe desinsection once;
(9) transplant: giant tea tree seedling stays raw at least 2 years in seedbed, grubbed out during transplanting with by seedling, protection shoot root is complete, then root is stained with red mud, transplants to other local.
Adopt technique scheme, according to the feature of giant tea tree, 5 ~ June of the first half of the year and 10 ~ November of the second half year relative moisture, temperature is applicable to the characteristic of giant tea tree, take optimal cuttage cladus bar, and blade is cut a part, reduce the nutrition that blade consumes cuttage fringe, and promote that cuttage fringe sends sprouting early, add survival rate greatly, moisturizing is carried out to the cuttage fringe do not inserted the same day and to shelter from heat or light wind sheltering process, the holding time of cuttage cladus bar can be extended.The illumination saturation point of giant tea tree is 3-4 ten thousand lux, because the cuttage fringe of giant tea tree is not also taken root, intensity of illumination crosses the photosynthesis then strengthening by force blade, the energy in too fast consumption cuttage cladus bar, cross weak, be unfavorable for the photosynthesis of cuttage cladus bar, 2-3W lux is the most reasonable.Lime stone meeting and acid ground combine to cause and harden, and soil air is reduced, and hinder the breathing of root, thus have impact on the growth of root.Be provided with suitable spacing between seedbed, be convenient to the work such as administrative staff's flowing is in the future watered, weeding.Cuttage head progeny row is apart from 15cm, spacing in the rows 6-8cm, relative to common tea tree, because giant tea tree root system is many and long, both can not waste because of the excessive seedbed of causing of the spacing of cuttage fringe, also because of apart from too small, adjacent root system easily can not be made to twine and to be tied, more convenient during transplanting, avoid the problem that adjacent cuttage fringe fights for nutrition simultaneously.Sunshade is equipped with at least two-layer above sunshade net, good every shaded effects, and in field management, layering open sunshade net, effectively make cuttage fringe adapt to high temperature, add survival rate.In addition, red mud has excellent resistance to light thermal property, preferably weather-proof, tensile strength, percentage elongation, anti-permeability performance, anti-punching quality, low temperature flexibility, and during transplanting, to the moisturizing of tree root, lucifuge has good effect, increases the survival rate of transplanting.
Further, the new soil described in step (3) is under pine tree, the soil of distance earth's surface at least 50cm., have the comparatively light and broad covered area of quality, good moisture-keeping function and can the effectively preventing soil erosion, have good insect protected effect, such as termite, can better protect garden plant, nutrients a lot of after pine needle rots remains in soil.
Further, the pH value of new soil is 4.5-6.5, and the buffer capacity of erose mussaenda leaf juice is the highest when PH5.0, reduces gradually later, and therefore, it is in the environment of acidity, and cytoactive can not be damaged because of the intrusion of acid.Next is the aluminium ion because giant tea tree needs soil to provide certain, and soil acidity is stronger, and aluminium ion is more.3rd, giant tea tree dislikes calcium crop, and the content of general acid ground calcium activated can meet the demand of growth of tea plant.
Further; solar protection devices in step (5) is changed to corn straw when descending in the winter time or cogongrass is paved into; high altitude localities; winter is colder; often can snow heavily; common solar protection devices is easily damaged by pressure corn straw by accumulated snow and cogongrass all easily obtains, and has very strong anti-pressure ability, and shaded effects are also very outstanding.Be that sunshade net is paved into during other seasons, the both sides of sunshade net should height overhead about 1-1.5 rice, ensures the air circulation in sunshade while guaranteeing sunshade.
Further, when the preparation in the middle seedbed of step (3), every nursery is once then changed a place and is again prepared seedbed, and the seedbed nutrient major part after nursery is absorbed, and creates a large amount of bacteriums, is unfavorable for the growth of new cuttage fringe.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
(1) cutting time: May in the first half of the year
(2) cuttage cladus bar is selected: from selected excellent stock tree clip stem slightly for the young sprout of 2mm, current growth, branch stalk by green turn of red, semi-lignified, healthy and strong without quarantine damage by disease and insect, there is the branch of axillalry bud as cuttage fringe;
(3) clip of cuttage fringe: select that there is the cuttage cladus bar that a healthy and strong foliage support axillalry bud, the branch at above for leaf 5mm place stalk is cut off, leaf is cut 1/2nd, and is splayed downwards by the branch at the place of 4cm below leaf stalk, the cuttage cladus bar at place of splaying is 40-45 °;
(4) preservation of cuttage fringe: remaining cuttage fringe, piles up moisturizing and to shelter from heat or light the mire of wind sheltering, and sprinkle one deck water;
(5) preparation in seedbed: select the making seedbed, level land that height above sea level is 1300 meters, intensity of illumination is the wind sheltering of 20000-30000 lux, the soil layer on level land is thick reaches the sand loam of more than 1 meter not containing limestone serous, the content of organic matter 1%-2% of soil layer, first soil removed weeds, plough deeply, smooth, fine earth, with 1.1 meters of wide unwrapping wire, seedbed spacing 30cm, is convenient to the work such as administrative staff's flowing is in the future watered, weeding; The pH value under pine forest is selected to be the soil of 5, first the variegated soil of top layer 55cm is removed, new soil aseptic, clean under getting, by long-pending together for the new mound dug out, disperse after watering loosen the soil, pinch turn over, clamp thin, by the new earth mulch after dispersing on newly-built seedbed, thickness 10cm, soil of looking for novelty is smooth as plank, then pats with plank and makes its new soil consolidation a little;
(6) cuttage: surface, seedbed is fully squirted, wait show native tack-free time to paddle line by length of blade again, cuttage head progeny row is apart from 15cm, spacing in the rows 8cm, inserts cuttage fringe in soil, petiole base distance ground 0.3cm, blade can not be close to soil, to drench seedbed immediately after cuttage is good with clear water;
(7) sunshade and antifreeze: sunshade selects timber to build, a timber is inserted every 3 meters along both sides, seedbed, adjacent timber top is that 10cm support bar is fixedly connected with by diameter, sunshade is carried out by laying 3 layers of sunshade net on support bar, in November in winter, change sunshade net into cornstalk; In sunshade, a defroster is increased during winter, defroster is the bamboo chip of about 2cm with comparatively thick larger Lan Zhukuan, insert firmly along both sides, seedbed with the arc of 180 °, formed arc, the bamboo chip overhead height be plugged is from seedbed 60cm, be inserted with a bamboo chip every 2 meters, bamboo chip covers last layer film;
(8) field management after cuttage:
When A, summer, conscientiously carry out sunshade work, keep cuttage fringe not by sunlight, the previous moon fine day within one day, water once, rainy day does not water, and after tea shoot survives, can extend watering time according to weather, within 3-5 days, waters 1 time, waters at every turn and will irrigate; During winter, need cover film, note hot weather at noon, open film and to water or breathe freely hydrofuge, fine day number weekly watered once more than when 4 days one week, when fine day number is weekly less than 4 days, within 10-15 days, watered once; Before and after the Ching Ming Festival of next year, if the temperature temperature difference of every day is less than 5 DEG C, then can take film off, if also have frost and snow, need to continue to cover, thin temperature in the shed is higher than opening film two ends row's temperature when 30 DEG C; Treat that new talent is ripe, start slowly to open sunshade net after grain rains, first take off one deck, open one deck again after spending 4 days, all can not put away after having taken off, leave one deck, at temperature higher than noon of the weather of 30 DEG C will sunshade net be covered, allow tea shoot slowly adapt to high temperature;
B, weeding: the situation of often inspection cuttage fringe growth, removes immediately once find that there is weeds, adopts manual mode weeding of nipping off weeds, is sure not loosening short fringe;
C, desinsection apply fertilizer: apply fertilizer once to cuttage fringe bimester of per, each moon to cuttage fringe desinsection once;
(9) transplant: giant tea tree seedling should stay raw 2 years 03 months in seedbed, grubbed out during transplanting with by seedling, protection shoot root is complete as far as possible, then root is stained with red mud, transplants to other local.
Embodiment 2:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is, cutting time in step (1) is November, the pH value under pine forest is selected to be the soil of 6 in step (5), spacing in the rows 7cm in step (6), step directly spreads cornstalk in (7), during to May, cornstalk is changed into 3 layers of sunshade net.
Adopt traditional tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method respectively and adopt the inventive method, carry out cuttage and seedling culture to 100 cuttage fringes, mode by experiment contrasts, and lists relevant survival experimental data in the following table:
| Unit () | Conventional method | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 |
| Number is survived after cuttage after 1 month | 73 | 94 | 90 |
| Number is survived after cuttage after 2 months | 60 | 89 | 85 |
| Number is survived after cuttage after 3 months | 38 | 88 | 84 |
| Number is survived after cuttage after 6 months | 15 | 87 | 83 |
| Number is survived after cuttage after 12 months | 8 | 85 | 81 |
| Number is survived after cuttage after 18 months | 7 | 85 | 81 |
| Number is survived after cuttage after 24 months | 7 | 85 | 81 |
As can be seen from the above table, traditional tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method is adopted to carry out the cuttage fringe of cuttage, the number that survives of first month only has 73, lower than adopt the inventive method survive number, within 2nd month, then survive several, sharply reduce to 6th month, majority is false state of living, until just tend towards stability after 12 months, finally survive number at 7, survival rate is 7%; Embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 first all survive number and are respectively 94 and 90, and survive number far above what adopt traditional tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method, and tend towards stability afterwards, final survival rate is respectively 85% and 81% always; In addition, the cutting time due to embodiment 2 is November, and giant tea tree nursery is again in high altitude localities, and environment is comparatively severe, and spacing in the rows is also large relative to embodiment 1, so its survival rate is lower than embodiment 1.
Above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that; Still can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention or equivalent replacement is carried out to portion of techniques feature; And when not departing from the spirit of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the technical scheme scope of request of the present invention protection.
Claims (5)
1. giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting time: 5 ~ June or 10 ~ November;
(2) cuttage cladus bar is selected: from stock tree, clip stem is slightly that the branch of 1.8-2.2mm is as cuttage cladus bar;
(3) clip of cuttage fringe: select that there is the cuttage cladus bar that a healthy and strong foliage support axillalry bud, the branch at above for leaf 5mm place stalk is cut off, leaf is cut 1/1 to 2/3rd, and the branch at the place of 3-4cm below leaf stalk is splayed downwards, the cuttage cladus bar at place of splaying is 40-45 °;
(4) preservation of cuttage fringe: remaining cuttage fringe, piles up moisturizing and to shelter from heat or light the mire of wind sheltering, and sprinkle one deck water;
(5) preparation in seedbed: select height above sea level higher than 1200 meters, intensity of illumination is the making seedbed, wind sheltering level land of 20000-30000 lux, the soil layer on level land is thick reaches more than 1 meter, and not containing limestone serous in soil layer, the content of organic matter 1%-2% of soil layer; First soil removed weeds, plough deeply, smooth and fine earth, with the width unwrapping wire of 1.1 meters, seedbed spacing is 30cm, choose in acid new soil, being deposited in waters together afterwards disperses, crumb and clamp thin, smooth for new soil is covered on seedbed, pat new soil and make its consolidation, the thickness of new soil is 9-11 cm;
(6) cuttage: surface, seedbed is squirted, wait show native tack-free time to paddle line by length of blade again, cuttage head progeny row is apart from 15cm, spacing in the rows 6-8 cm, cuttage fringe is inserted in soil, petiole base distance ground 0.2-0.3cm, to drench seedbed with clear water in good rear five minutes of cuttage;
(7) sunshade and antifreeze: insert timbers along both sides, seedbed every 3 meters, adjacent timber top is fixedly connected with by support bar, support bar is equipped with at least 2 layers of solar protection devices and carries out sunshade; In sunshade, arrange defroster during winter, defroster is that bamboo chip inserts firmly along both sides, seedbed with the arc of 180 °, and the overhead height of the bamboo chip be plugged, from seedbed 55cm-60cm, is inserted with a bamboo chip every 2 meters, bamboo chip covers last layer film;
(8) field management after cuttage:
A, to water: after the Beginning of summer, within during fine day one day, water once, rainy day does not water, and after tea shoot survives, within 3-5 days, waters 1 time; During the Beginning of Winter, by film cover on bamboo chip, when thin temperature in the shed is higher than 30 DEG C, open film and to water or breathe freely hydrofuge, fine day number weekly waters weekly once more than when 4 days, when fine day number is weekly less than 4 days, within 10-15 days, waters once;
B, take off film: after the Ching Ming Festival, if frost and snow weather stops, and the temperature temperature difference of every day is less than 5 DEG C, then open film; Otherwise, then continue to cover, when thin temperature in the shed is higher than 30 DEG C, then open film two ends row's temperature;
C, take off sunshade net: after grain rains, first open one deck sunshade net, often cross and open one deck again in 4 days, sunshade net leaves one deck after having taken off, and will cover the sunshade net stayed at temperature higher than the weather of 30 DEG C;
D, weeding: adopt manual mode weeding of nipping off weeds;
E, desinsection apply fertilizer: apply fertilizer once to cuttage fringe bimester of per, each moon to cuttage fringe desinsection once;
(9) transplant: giant tea tree seedling stays raw at least 2 years in seedbed, grubbed out during transplanting with by seedling, protection shoot root is complete, then root is stained with red mud, transplants to other local.
2. giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the new soil described in step (3) is under pine tree, the soil of distance earth's surface at least 50cm.
3. the giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method as described in any one of claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the pH value of new soil is 4.5-6.5.
4. giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, solar protection devices in step (7) in the winter time time be that corn straw or cogongrass are paved into, be that sunshade net is paved into during other seasons, during lid sunshade net, both sides should the height of overhead 1-1.5 rice.
5. giant tea tree cuttage and seedling culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step (5) during the preparation in seedbed, then reselect after seedling raising and transplanting a height above sea level higher than 1200 meters, intensity of illumination is that seedbed is prepared on the wind sheltering level land of 20000-30000 lux.
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| CN106106003A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2016-11-16 | 广西壮族自治区桂林茶叶科学研究所 | A kind of mating system of YESHENG CHA nursery stock |
| CN107047189A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-18 | 泾县汀溪兰香茶业开发有限公司 | A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of tea tree |
| CN107736144A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-02-27 | 华南农业大学 | The method of tea cutting nursery |
| CN107996164A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-08 | 浙江东来药业有限责任公司 | A kind of selenium enriched tea cuttage and seedling culture method |
| CN108770514A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-11-09 | 晴隆县紫马乡紫鑫茶叶农民专业合作社 | A kind of cuttage implantation methods of wild tea trees |
| CN111201935A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-05-29 | 佛山市银子生物科技有限公司 | Yellow tea forest tree variety cultivation method for modulating cocktail tea |
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