CN102308444B - 利用高速光学波长调谐源的设备和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明可以提供用于例如提供高速波长调谐的设备、源装置和方法的示例性实施例。根据一个示例性实施例,可以提供至少一种装置,该装置被配置为发射电磁辐射,所述电磁辐射具有这样的频谱:(i)平均频率以大于约每毫秒6000(或2000)太拉赫兹的绝对速率变化,(ii)平均频率在大于约10太拉赫兹的范围上变化,和/或(iii)具有小于约15千兆赫的瞬时线宽。根据另一个示例性实施例,可以提供至少一种装置,该装置被配置为基于至少一个第一电磁辐射的平均频率而根据时间周期性地来选择至少一个第一电磁辐射,其中周期性地选择以第一特征周期执行。平均频率可以随时间线性变化,其中所述设备可以发射至少一个第二电磁辐射,该第二电磁辐射具有平均频率以第二特征周期根据时间周期性地变化的频谱。此外,第一特征周期可以大于第二特征周期。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请基于并要求2009年2月4日提交的美国专利申请序列号61/149,922的优先权的权益,其全部公开内容作为参考并入本文。
技术领域
本公开的示例性实施例通常涉及光学系统,并且更具体地涉及用于波长调谐的光学波长滤波器系统和方法以及能够利用所述光学波长滤波器系统的波长扫描激光器装置和方法。
背景技术
为了开发用于光学反射技术、生物医学成像、传感器探询、测试以及测量的波长可快速和宽范围地调谐的激光源而付出了相当大的努力。通过使用腔内窄带波长扫描滤波器获得了窄线宽、宽范围和快速的调谐。通过使用衍射光栅滤波器装置在扩展腔半导体激光器中提供了无跳模、单频率工作。然而,为了获得单频率的激光器工作并且为了确保无跳模调谐,传统技术可能需要使用复杂的机械设备并且限制最大调谐速度。一个经论证的使用传统系统的最大调谐速度被限制为小于100nm/s。在一些应用中,例如在生物医学成像中,对应于大于等于10GHz的瞬时线宽的多纵模工作可能是足够的。这种宽度可以在光学相干断层扫描技术中提供对组织的数毫米的测距深度并且在光谱编码的共焦显微术中提供微米级横向分辨率(transverse resolution)。
通过使用腔内调谐元件(例如,声光滤波器、法布里-珀罗滤波器和检流计驱动的衍射光栅滤波器)可获得大约10GHz级的线宽。然而,之前提供的扫频小于约1kHz并被滤波器的有限调谐速度限制。对于生物医学应用中的视频速率(例如,大于30帧/秒)、高分辨率光学成像可能需要具有重复速率大于15kHz的更高速的调谐。
此外,说明了可以使用多边形扫描滤波器的波长扫描激光器,并且该激光器可以提供达到约10000nm/ms的高速波长调谐。尽管基于高速多边形的波长扫描光源促进了快达约200帧/s的高速成像、快达约10000nm/ms的波长调谐速率,但维持瞬时线宽窄于0.15nm仍达到了当前基于多边形的波长扫描滤波器的极限。
事实上,本公开的示例性实施例的一个目的是减少或解决本文以上说明的现有技术的程序和系统的缺陷和/或限制。例如,关于更快速的调谐、在快速调谐速率下的宽波长调谐范围和窄瞬时线宽,可能需要波长扫描滤波器装置和程序(例如,激光器程序)的示例性实施例。
发明内容
本公开的示例性实施例涉及用于光波滤波的可以提供具有宽光谱调谐范围和窄瞬时线宽的高速波长扫描光的设备、源装置和方法。在本公开的一个示例性实施例中,示例性的高速波长扫描激光器能够包括可以使用多边形扫描镜的高精度波长调谐滤波器、具有半导体光学放大器(SOA)增益介质的短长度激光器谐振器、时间交织光学延迟线和/或升压光学放大器,上述装置例如在所述源的输出端口处。一些示例性光学组件和示例性装置以及短长度激光器腔可以促进在宽调谐范围上的窄瞬时线宽的高速波长扫描。在一个示例性配置中,可以获得大于约41000nm/ms的波长变化率同时具有窄于约0.2nm的瞬时线宽。示例性的激光器谐振器可以包括例如具有特别设计的半导体光学增益介质的单向环或线性腔,从而最大化所述增益并且最小化所述激光腔的腔长度。
因此,可以提供根据本公开的设备的一个示例性实施例。在本示例性实施例中,可以提供至少一种装置,该装置被配置为发射电磁辐射。这种示例性辐射可以具有平均频率这样变化的的频谱:(i)以大于约每毫秒6000太拉赫兹的绝对速率变化,以及(ii)在大于约10太拉赫兹的范围上变化。
例如,所述平均频率可以在大于5千赫的重复速率下反复变化。所述频谱可以具有中心大致集中在1300nm的调谐范围。所述频谱可以具有小于100千兆赫、或者甚至小于35千兆赫的瞬时线宽。可以提供多边形装置该多边形装置可以被配置为接收与发射的电磁辐射相关联的至少一个信号,并且将所述信号反射和/或偏转到另一位置。此外,可以提供激光器谐振系统,该系统可以形成光学电路并且被配置为控制发射的电磁辐射的空间模式。所述示例性设备可以使发射的电磁辐射在所述激光器谐振系统的至少一部分内基本单向地传播。
可以提供根据本公开的设备的另一个示例性实施例。在本示例性实施例中,还可以提供至少一种装置,该装置被配置为发射电磁辐射。这种示例性的辐射可以具有(i)平均频率以大于约每毫秒2000太拉赫兹的绝对速率变化的频谱,以及(ii)小于约15千兆赫的瞬时线宽。
根据再一个示例性实施例,可以提供至少一种装置,该装置被配置为基于至少一个第一电磁辐射的平均频率而根据时间周期性地来选择所述至少一个第一电磁辐射,其中周期性选择以第一特征周期执行。所述平均频率可以随时间线性变化,其中所述设备可以发射至少一个第二电磁辐射,该第二电磁辐射具有平均频率以第二特征周期根据时间周期性地变化的频谱。此外,所述第一特征周期可以大于所述第二特征周期。
例如,所述第一特征周期可以是所述第二特征周期的至少两倍。所述第二电磁辐射可以具有平均频率以大于约每毫秒2000太拉赫兹的绝对速率变化的频谱。所述第二电磁辐射还可以具有小于约15千兆赫的瞬时线宽。
根据本公开的另一个示例性实施例,可以提供一种设备。该示例性设备可以包括至少一种装置,该装置可以被配置为基于第一电磁辐射的平均频率选择所述至少一个第一电磁辐射。所述选择可以由该装置在第一特征自由光谱范围内装置执行。例如,所述设备可以发射至少一个第二电磁辐射,该第二电磁辐射可以具有平均频率在第二特征自由光谱范围内根据时间周期性地变化的频谱。所述第一特征自由光谱范围可以大于所述第二特征自由光谱范围。
根据本公开的一个示例性变型,所述第一特征周期可以是所述第二特征周期的至少两倍。所述第二电磁辐射可以具有平均频率以大于约每毫秒2000太拉赫兹的绝对速率变化的频谱。所述第二电磁辐射还可以具有小于约15千兆赫的瞬时线宽。所述平均频率可以随时间线性变化。
在再一个示例性实施例中,可以提供一种设备。该示例性设备可以包括至少一种装置,该装置被配置为基于第一电磁辐射的平均频率而根据时间周期性地来选择至少一个所述第一电磁辐射。周期性选择可以以第一特征周期执行。所述示例性设备还可以被配置为发射至少一个第二电磁辐射,该第二电磁辐射具有平均频率在第二特征周期中根据时间周期性地变化的频谱。例如,所述第一特征周期可以大于所述第二特征周期的持续时间的两倍。
本公开的示例性实施例的这些和其他目的、特征和优点将基于结合所附权利要求阅读以下本公开的示例性实施例的详细说明而变得显然。
附图说明
本公开的进一步的目的、特征和优点将通过以下结合示出了本公开的说明性实施例的附图的详细说明而变得显然,在附图中:
图1是根据本公开的具有单向环谐振器的高速波长扫描激光器系统/装置的第一示例性实施例的示意图;
图2是说明了根据本公开的一个示例性实施例的时间交织光学延迟线和升压放大器的示例性使用的组合的功能框图;
图3(a)是根据本公开的时间交织纤维延迟线的一个示例性实施例的图示,所述时间交织纤维延迟线具有用于复制和粘贴激光器输出的级联的马赫-曾德尔(Mach-Zehnder)干涉计。
图3(b)是根据本公开的时间交织纤维延迟线的另一个示例性实施例的图示,所述时间交织纤维延迟线具有树形纤维延迟,该树形纤维延迟具有用于复制和粘贴激光器输出的法拉第旋转镜;
图4是根据本公开的具有单向环谐振器的高速波长扫描激光器系统/装置的第二示例性实施例的示意图。
图5是根据本公开的具有线性腔谐振器的高速波长扫描激光器系统/装置的第三实施例的示意图;以及
图6是根据本公开的具有线性腔谐振器的高速波长扫描激光器系统/装置的第四示例性实施例的示意图。
在全部附图中,除非另有声明,否则相同的参考标记和字符用于表示所说明的实施例中的相同的特征、元件、组件或部分。此外,虽然现在将参考附图详细说明主题公开,但这是结合说明性实施例完成的。其意图在于可以在不背离由所附权利要求限定的主题公开的实质范围和精神的情况下对所说明的示例性实施例进行改变和改进。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本公开的高速波长扫描激光器系统/装置的示例性实施例的示意图。例如,示例性激光器系统/装置可以包括能够利用多边形扫描镜700的光学高精度波长调谐滤波器1’、短长度单向环谐振腔2’以及具有升压光学放大器500的时间交织光学延迟线400。示例性的光学波长调谐滤波器1’可以配置为能够具有基本相似或相同的输入和输出端口的反射型滤波器。示例性的波长调谐滤波器1’可以包括衍射光栅220、具有一组透镜260和262的望远镜、多边形扫描镜700和末端反射器280和282。
根据本公开的示例性实施例的波长调谐程序的示例性实施方式可以与之前的方法(见Oh,Optics Letters 30(23),3159-3161(2005)的说明书和国际专利公开WO 2005/001401的公开内容)类似,所述之前的方法包括在用于大锐度(finesse)滤波器的多边形镜上的四次反射(2次×双通)的示例性程序,但不具有根据本公开的示例性实施例的折叠望远镜,从而减小光学路径长度。在传统方法中,具有许多面的多边形扫描镜可以用于增大调谐重复速率。虽然增加所述面的数量可以帮助增大调谐重复速率,但这可能不是增大具有给定滤波器带宽的波长扫描速率的最有效的方式,所述最有效的方式的特征可以在于每单位时间的总波长扫描范围和滤波器通带的单位宽度。
例如,对于固定的滤波器带宽,多边形扫描滤波器的精度可以与N2成反比,其中(FSR)和(δλ)3dB分别是滤波器的自由光谱范围和3dB的带宽,D是多边形的直径并且N是多边形的面的数量。因此,波长扫描速率可以大致变为与1/N成正比。对于以N=128提供115kHz调谐重复速率(9200nm/ms)的传统的基于多边形的波长扫描激光器,例如,如果使用N=28的多边形镜700,则可以获得约41800nm/ms的波长扫描速率。根据本公开的示例性实施例,可以使用约为25kHz的调谐重复速率。然而,FSR(其确定波长调谐范围)可能变为约1664nm。
当激光器腔中的增益支持发射超过104nm带宽的激光时,可以获得具有约6.25%的占空比322的超过约104nm的连续波长扫描。之后,示例性的激光输出的空闲部分可以通过制作激光输出的15个副本、恰当的延迟和以时间交织光学延迟线400粘贴而被完全填充,从而在多边形700的单个面至面旋转周期中产生例如约16次波长扫描。因此,可以获得约400kHz(25kHz×16)的重复速率。延迟线400的输出可以使用升压放大器500放大。
当波长扫描速率很高时,减小激光器腔的光学路径长度可能变得重要。例如,为了通过减小每个腔往返行程的滤波器中心波长偏移而支持内腔光子长寿命,通过使用用于望远镜(例如,透镜)260,262的短焦距透镜可以减小和/或最小化激光器谐振器的长度。在环形腔2’中,促进单向激光发射的绝缘体可以被集成在半导体光学放大器(SOA)增益介质100的内部,并且SOA 100的尾纤120,122可以在端部/连接器140,142处被再次连接(re-connetorized),由此使得光学纤维的长度最小。为了形成环形振荡,多边形滤波器的输出可以被垂直偏置并且通过反射器200引导向SOA 100的输入连接器142。以下本文将说明图1示出的示例性实施例的额外组件及其示例性工作。
图2示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的组合的功能框图,该图说明了时间交织光学延迟线和升压放大器的示例性使用。例如,激光器输出246可以直接自多边形滤波器820提供,例如,在本示例性情况下,所述多边形滤波器820可以具有约25%的占空比。该输出的三个副本可以在244处被引导和制作,恰当地延迟,并且之后通过时间交织延迟线400粘贴840。之后激光器输出功率600可以通过升压放大500被恢复860。
图3(a)和3(b)示出了根据本公开的伴随用于复制和粘贴激光器输出的光学纤维的时间交织光学延迟线的示例性实施例。例如,为了制作三个副本,可以利用三个不同长度的纤维延迟442,444和446。这些示例性的延迟副本可以通过使用如图3(a)的示例性实施例中所示的级联的马赫-曾德尔干涉计(其还说明了分裂器420,422,424的使用以及线402上提供的输出)被粘贴到原始激光器输出246。还可以利用具有循环器403、分裂器421,423,425和法拉第旋转镜460,462,464和466的树形干涉计,从而减小或消除延迟线中的双折射效应,如图3(b)的示例性实施例中所示。
图4示出了根据本公开的高速波长扫描激光器系统/装置的第二示例性实施例的示意图。使用这种示例性实施例,可以在SOA(例如,增益介质)100之后获得激光器腔的输出并且通过自由空间输出射束分裂器240。由于滤波后的光320在点300处耦合之前可以通过SOA 100放大,因此来自腔302的输出光可以在输出的空闲部分期间包含例如特定量的振幅自发发射(amplitude spontaneous emission,以下简记为ASE)。为了避免或减小这种ASE与延迟线/装置400中的复制的激光器输出重叠,在激光器谐振器输出的空闲周期中,SOA增益介质100可以在点102处被调制为断开。
图5示出了根据本发明的具有示例性线性腔配置的高速波长扫描激光器系统/装置的第三示例性实施例的示意图。例如,具有反射镜涂层122的SOA增益介质110可以被提供在所述系统/装置的一端上,所述系统/装置可以支持激光器装置的线性腔振荡。来自激光器的振荡器的输出可以通过自由空间光学射束分裂器240被耦合。
图6示出了根据本公开的具有线性腔配置的高速波长扫描激光器系统/装置的第四示例性实施例的示意图。在本示例性实施例中,具有局部反射涂层124的SOA增益介质112可以被提供在示例性系统/装置的一端上,所述系统/装置可以支持激光器的线性腔振荡以及通过局部反射器124被发射的光。这种SOA增益介质112可以被耦合为激光器输出,并且引导光可以被引导244到光学延迟线400。激光器谐振器输出的空闲部分中的ASE可以通过SOA 112的增益开关102被减小和/或消除。
前述部分仅说明了本发明的原理。在考虑到本文的教导的情况下,对所说明的实施例的各种改进和变更对本领域技术人员来说将是显然的。事实上,根据本公开的示例性实施例的装置、系统和方法可以用于任何OCT系统、OFDI系统、SD-OCT系统或其他成像系统和/或实现任意这些系统,以及用于例如于2005年5月26日以国际专利公布号WO 2005/047813公布的2004年9月8日提交的国际专利申请PCT/US2004/029148、于2006年5月4日以美国专利公布号2006/0093276公布的2005年11月2日提交的美国专利申请No.11/266,779、于2005年1月27日以美国专利公布号2005/0018201公布的2004年7月9日提交的美国专利申请No.10/501,276以及于2002年5月9日公布的美国专利公布第2002/0122246号中说明的那些系统,这些专利申请的公开内容以其整体作为参考并入本文。因此,将要理解本领域技术人员将能够设计尽管未在本文中明确示出或说明但体现了本发明的原理而因此在本公开的精神和范围内的多种系统、装置和方法。此外,就现有技术的知识未明确地作为参考在以上并入本文来说,所述现有技术的知识以其整体被明确地并入本文。本文以上引用的全部出版物以其整体作为参考并入本文。
Claims (22)
1.一种利用高速光学波长调谐源的设备,包括:
至少一种装置,该装置被配置为发射具有这样的频谱的电磁辐射,所述频谱的平均频率(i)以大于每毫秒6000太拉赫兹的绝对速率变化,以及(ii)在大于10太拉赫兹的范围上变化,其中,所述至少一种装置包括进一步的装置,所述进一步的装置被配置为接收与发射的电磁辐射相关联的至少一个信号,并且对所述至少一个信号执行反射或偏转中的至少一个以达到另一位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述平均频率以大于5千赫的重复速率反复变化。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述频谱具有中心集中在1300nm的调谐范围。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述频谱具有小于100千兆赫的瞬时线宽。
5.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述频谱具有小于35千兆赫的瞬时线宽。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中至少一种所述进一步的装置包括多边形装置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括激光器谐振系统,该激光器谐振系统形成光学电路并且被配置为控制发射的电磁辐射的空间模式。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备,其中所述设备使发射的电磁辐射在所述激光器谐振系统的至少一部分内基本单向地传播。
9.一种利用高速光学波长调谐源的设备,包括:
一种装置,该装置被配置为发射电磁辐射,该电磁辐射具有(i)平均频率以大于每毫秒2000太拉赫兹的绝对速率变化的频谱,以及(ii)小于15千兆赫的瞬时线宽,其中,所述装置包括进一步的装置,所述进一步的装置被配置为接收与发射的电磁辐射相关联的至少一个信号,并且对所述至少一个信号执行反射或偏转中的至少一个以达到另一位置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备,其中所述进一步的装置包括多边形装置。
11.根据权利要求9所述的设备,进一步包括激光器谐振系统,该激光器谐振系统形成光学电路并且被配置为控制发射的电磁辐射的空间模式。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中所述设备使发射的电磁辐射在所述激光器谐振系统的至少一部分内基本单向地传播。
13.一种利用高速光学波长调谐源的设备,包括:
至少一种装置,该装置被配置为基于至少一个第一电磁辐射的平均频率而根据时间周期性地来选择所述至少一个第一电磁辐射,其中周期性地选择以第一特征周期执行,
其中所述平均频率随时间线性变化,
其中所述设备被配置为发射至少一个第二电磁辐射,该第二电磁辐射具有平均频率以第二特征周期根据时间周期性地变化的频谱,
其中所述第一特征周期大于所述第二特征周期,以及
其中所述至少一种装置包括进一步的装置,所述进一步的装置被配置为接收与发射的电磁辐射相关联的至少一个信号,并且对所述至少一个信号执行反射或偏转中的至少一个以达到另一位置。
14.根据权利要求13所述的设备,其中所述第一特征周期是所述第二特征周期的至少两倍。
15.根据权利要求13所述的设备,其中所述至少一个第二电磁辐射具有平均频率以大于每毫秒2000太拉赫兹的绝对速率变化的频谱。
16.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述至少一个第二电磁辐射具有小于15千兆赫的瞬时线宽。
17.一种利用高速光学波长调谐源的设备,包括:
至少一种装置,该装置被配置为基于至少一个第一电磁辐射的平均频率选择所述至少一个第一电磁辐射,所述选择由所述至少一种装置在第一特征自由光谱范围内执行,
其中所述设备发射至少一个第二电磁辐射,该第二电磁辐射具有平均频率在第二特征自由光谱范围内根据时间周期性地变化的频谱,
其中所述第一特征自由光谱范围大于所述第二特征自由光谱范围,以及
其中所述至少一种装置包括进一步的装置,所述进一步的装置被配置为接收与发射的第一电磁辐射或发射的第二电磁辐射中的至少一个相关联的至少一个信号,并且对所述至少一个信号执行反射或偏转中的至少一个以达到另一位置。
18.根据权利要求17所述的设备,其中所述第一特征周期是所述第二特征周期的至少两倍。
19.根据权利要求17所述的设备,其中所述至少一个第二电磁辐射具有平均频率以大于每毫秒2000太拉赫兹的绝对速率变化的频谱。
20.根据权利要求19所述的设备,其中所述至少一个第二电磁辐射具有小于15千兆赫的瞬时线宽。
21.根据权利要求17所述的设备,其中所述平均频率随时间线性变化。
22.一种利用高速光学波长调谐源的设备,包括:
至少一种装置,该装置被配置为基于至少一个第一电磁辐射的平均频率而根据时间周期性地来选择所述至少一个第一电磁辐射,周期性地选择以第一特征周期执行,
其中所述设备被配置为发射至少一个第二电磁辐射,该第二电磁辐射具有平均频率以第二特征周期根据时间周期性地变化的频谱,
其中所述第一特征周期大于所述第二特征周期的持续时间的两倍,以及
其中所述至少一种装置包括进一步的装置,所述进一步的装置被配置为接收与发射的第一电磁辐射或发射的第二电磁辐射中的至少一个相关联的至少一个信号,并且对所述至少一个信号执行反射或偏转中的至少一个以达到另一位置。
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EP2394336A2 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
JP6053284B2 (ja) | 2016-12-27 |
CN104134928A (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
US9178330B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
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