WO2014188710A1 - ペリクル、及びこれらを含むeuv露光装置 - Google Patents
ペリクル、及びこれらを含むeuv露光装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014188710A1 WO2014188710A1 PCT/JP2014/002642 JP2014002642W WO2014188710A1 WO 2014188710 A1 WO2014188710 A1 WO 2014188710A1 JP 2014002642 W JP2014002642 W JP 2014002642W WO 2014188710 A1 WO2014188710 A1 WO 2014188710A1
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- pellicle
- euv
- pellicle film
- original plate
- Prior art date
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 98
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- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/62—Pellicles, e.g. pellicle assemblies, e.g. having membrane on support frame; Preparation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/22—Masks or mask blanks for imaging by radiation of 100nm or shorter wavelength, e.g. X-ray masks, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] masks; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/24—Reflection masks; Preparation thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/7015—Details of optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2004—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pellicle and an EUV exposure apparatus including the pellicle.
- EUV has the property of being easily absorbed by any substance. Therefore, in the EUV lithography method, exposure is performed with a reflective optical system. Specifically, the resist is exposed by reflecting EUV with an original plate reflecting the exposure pattern. At this time, if a foreign substance adheres to the original plate, EUV is absorbed by the foreign substance or EUV is scattered, so that a desired pattern is not exposed. Therefore, it has been studied to protect the EUV irradiation surface of the original plate with a pellicle.
- the above-mentioned pellicle membrane and filter window are required to be (1) highly permeable to EUV and (2) not to be decomposed or deformed by EUV irradiation.
- a pellicle film or a filter that satisfies such requirements a film made of single crystal silicon (Patent Documents 1 and 2), an aluminum nitride film laminated on a metal mesh (Patent Document 3), a graphene film (Patent Document 4), etc. has been proposed.
- the pellicle film When EUV is irradiated on the pellicle film, a part of the energy is absorbed by the pellicle film. The EUV energy absorbed by the film is converted into heat through various relaxation processes. Therefore, the temperature of the pellicle film rises during EUV exposure. Therefore, the pellicle film is also required to have high heat dissipation and heat resistance.
- the single crystal silicon film described above has low heat dissipation and a low melting point. Therefore, there is a problem that the film is easily damaged during EUV irradiation. Furthermore, the single crystal silicon film has a problem that the manufacturing process is complicated and expensive.
- the aluminum nitride film of Patent Document 3 has a low EUV transmittance, it is not suitable for lithography applications that require a high EUV transmittance.
- the graphene film of Patent Document 4 is an aggregate of crystals having a small size (usually about 100 to 1000 nm). Therefore, the film was fragile and the film durability was insufficient. Moreover, even if a large number of such graphenes are stacked, it is difficult to obtain sufficient strength.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a pellicle having a film having high EUV permeability and heat resistance and excellent durability.
- the first of the present invention relates to the following pellicle.
- the pellicle film further contains 0 to 70 mol% of a third component selected from the group consisting of Si, B, N, O, Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo, and the carbon, the hydrogen
- the pellicle according to [1] wherein the total of the third component is 98 mol% or more.
- the polymer film is a polyimide film.
- the second of the present invention relates to the following EUV exposure apparatus and the like.
- An EUV exposure apparatus having an EUV light source, an optical system, and an original, wherein light from the EUV light source is guided to the original via the optical system,
- An EUV exposure apparatus in which the pellicle according to any one of [8] is installed.
- An exposure original plate comprising an original plate and the pellicle according to any one of [1] to [8] mounted on the original plate.
- [11] A step of irradiating the original plate with EUV from the EUV light source through the pellicle film of the exposure original plate according to [10], and reacting the EUV reflected by the original plate through the pellicle film Irradiating the substrate and exposing the sensitive substrate in a pattern.
- the pellicle of the present invention it is possible to reliably suppress foreign matter from adhering to the original plate during EUV irradiation.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature T of the pellicle film and the emissivity ⁇ of the pellicle film. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the temperature T of a pellicle film, and EUV transmittance
- EUV refers to light having a wavelength of 5 nm to 30 nm. That is, the exposure light of EUV lithography is light having a wavelength of 5 nm to 30 nm, and more preferably light having a wavelength of 5 nm to 13.5 nm.
- a pellicle 10 of the present invention includes a pellicle film 12 and a pellicle frame 14 to which the pellicle film 12 is attached.
- the pellicle film 12 is stretched on the pellicle frame 14 via a film adhesive layer 13 or the like.
- the pellicle film 12 may be laminated with an antioxidant layer (not shown) or the like.
- the pellicle 10 may include an original adhesive layer 15 for bonding the pellicle frame 14 and an original (not shown).
- the pellicle film may be composed of a single film or may be a laminate of two or more layers.
- the pellicle film may be a film whose entire surface is supported by a support material, but is preferably a film (self-supporting film) that can maintain the film shape alone.
- the refractive index n of light having a wavelength of 550 nm of the pellicle film is 1.9 to 5.0.
- the pellicle film only needs to contain 30 to 100 mol% carbon and 0 to 30 mol% hydrogen in the total composition of the pellicle film, and further includes a third component (Si, B, N, O, Y, Zr, The element selected from the group consisting of Nb and Mo) may be contained in an amount of 0 to 70 mol%, and the total of carbon, hydrogen, and the third component in the composition of the pellicle film is preferably 98% or more.
- the composition may contain a trace amount of components other than carbon, hydrogen, and the third component, but the total of carbon, hydrogen, and the third component is preferably 100%.
- the refractive index is measured with an ellipsometer.
- the composition of the pellicle film is measured by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- the ratio (I (2D) / I (G)) of the intensity of the G band (I (G)) and the intensity of the 2D band (I (2D)) in the Raman spectrum of the pellicle film is 1 or less. Or the intensities of the 2D band and the G band are 0 respectively. In the Raman spectrum of the silicon carbide film, the intensity of the 2D band and the G band may not be measured. That is, the intensity of both the 2D band and the G band may be zero.
- the ratio (I (2D) / I (G)) to the intensity of the 2D band (I (2D)) being 1 or less means that the pellicle film does not include a graphene film. As described above, the graphene film is fragile and it is difficult to increase the strength of the film even when stacked.
- Observation with a Raman microscope is performed as follows. Laser light is incident on the beam splitter, and the laser light reflected by the beam splitter is narrowed down to a beam diameter of about 1 ⁇ m by an objective lens for an optical microscope. Then, the laser beam whose beam diameter is adjusted is irradiated in a direction perpendicular to the sample. The Raman scattered light generated by irradiating the sample with laser light is collected by the objective lens described above, and is incident on the spectroscope via a beam splitter or an aperture.
- the measurement position of the Raman spectrum is not particularly limited, but it is desirable to measure a portion where the smoothness of the film is high and the film thickness and the surface state on the laser irradiation side are uniform.
- an XY electric stage is generally used, so that mapping measurement and multipoint measurement are possible. Therefore, when there is a distribution in the carbon structure of the pellicle film, multipoint measurement may be performed, and when there is no distribution, only one point may be measured.
- the wavelength of the laser beam used for Raman spectroscopy is not particularly limited.
- Typical wavelengths of laser light include 1064 nm, 633 nm, 532 nm, 515 nm, 502 nm, 496 nm, 488 nm, 477 nm, 473 nm, 466 nm, 458 nm, 364 nm, or 351 nm.
- Graphene monolayer is generally small in size (usually about 100 ⁇ 1000 nm) is composed of an aggregate of crystals, and the vicinity of 1590 cm -1, the Raman spectrum is observed in the 2800 ⁇ 2600 cm -1.
- a spectrum around 1590 cm ⁇ 1 is called a G band, and is a spectrum commonly observed in sp2 hybrid orbitals.
- the spectrum observed at 2800-2600 cm ⁇ 1 is called a 2D band.
- the ratio I (2D) / I (G)> 1 between the intensity I (2D) of the 2D band and the intensity I (G) of the G band is obtained. It cannot be used as a pellicle film because of insufficient durability.
- Examples of the film satisfying the refractive index and composition, and the intensity ratio of the Raman spectrum include a diamond-like carbon film (hereinafter also referred to as “DLC film”), an amorphous carbon film, a graphite film, and the like.
- DLC film diamond-like carbon film
- amorphous carbon film a graphite film, and the like.
- Diamond-like carbon film Diamond-like carbon has an intermediate crystal structure of diamond and graphite; it has an amorphous structure in which sp3 bonds and sp2 bonds are mixed. That is, the DLC film does not have a clear crystal grain boundary, and thus tends to be a tough film.
- the DLC film may be (i) a film containing no hydrogen in the structure (ta-C (Tetrahedral amorphous carbon)), or (ii) a film containing hydrogen in the structure (aC: H ( Hydrogenated amorphous carbon)) or (iii) a film doped with the third component described above.
- the DLC (ta-C) film containing no hydrogen in the structure may be a film made of only carbon and having a refractive index of light of 2.4 to 2.6 at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the DLC (ta-C) film may be a film formed by a known film forming method.
- DLC film production methods include CVD methods such as thermal CVD method, plasma CVD method, plasma ion implantation film forming method (PBIID); sputtering method, ion plating method, FCVA (Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc) method, etc. PVD method; plasma ion implantation film forming method and the like are included.
- the composition of the DLC (aC: H) film containing hydrogen contains 70 to 90 mol% of carbon and 10 to 30 mol% of hydrogen. The total of carbon and hydrogen in the composition is 98 mol% or more.
- the DLC (aC: H) film usually does not contain the third component.
- the refractive index of light having a wavelength of 550 nm of the DLC (aC: H) film is usually 1.9 to 2.5.
- the composition and refractive index of the DLC (aC: H) film are adjusted by the hydrogen content; the hardness and durability of the film vary depending on the hydrogen content.
- a DLC (aC: H) film having a low hydrogen content has high strength and is stable to EUV.
- a DLC (aC: H) film having a high hydrogen content has flexibility and is a film in which cracks are unlikely to occur.
- the amount of hydrogen contained in the diamond-like carbon film is determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), hydrogen forward scattering analysis (HFS), or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Desired.
- the DLC (aC: H) film may be a film formed by a known film forming method.
- Examples of a method for forming a DLC (aC: H) film include a CVD method such as a thermal CVD method, a plasma CVD method, and a plasma ion implantation film forming method (PBIID); a sputtering method, an ion plating method, and an FCVA (Filtered).
- PVD method such as Cathodic Vacuum Arc) method; plasma ion implantation film forming method and the like are included.
- a DLC film doped with a third component (one or more elements selected from Si, B, N, O, Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo) (hereinafter referred to as “third component-doped DLC film”).
- the third component is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 70 mol%.
- the heat resistance of the DLC film is increased, the adhesion between the film and the support material is increased, or the stress applied to the DLC film is relaxed.
- the third component is Y, Zr, Nb, or Mo
- the permeability of the pellicle film to 13.5 nm EUV tends to increase.
- the DLC film doped with Si is formed by introducing an organic silicon-based gas and a hydrocarbon gas into a CVD deposition chamber.
- organic silicon-based gas include trimethylsilane gas (TMS).
- TMS trimethylsilane gas
- the amount of silicon to be doped is controlled by the flow rate ratio between the organosilicon gas and the hydrocarbon gas.
- the DLC film doped with B is formed by introducing an organic boron-based gas and a hydrocarbon gas into a CVD deposition chamber.
- organic boron-based gas include trimethyl boron gas.
- the amount of boron to be doped is controlled by the flow rate ratio between the organic boron-based gas and the hydrocarbon gas.
- the DLC film doped with N and O is formed by introducing nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and hydrocarbon gas into a CVD deposition chamber.
- the amounts of N and O to be doped are controlled by the flow rate ratio of nitrogen gas and oxygen gas to hydrocarbon gas.
- the DLC film doped with Y, Zr, Nb, or Mo is formed by PVD method such as sputtering method, ion plating method, FCVA (Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc) method using graphite and the metal as a target material.
- PVD method such as sputtering method, ion plating method, FCVA (Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc) method using graphite and the metal as a target material.
- the amorphous carbon film can be a film made of only carbon and having a refractive index of light of 1.9 to 2.1 at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the amorphous carbon film has an amorphous structure mainly composed of sp2 bonds.
- the amorphous carbon film can be a film formed by vacuum deposition. Specifically, it may be a film in which a material (carbon) vaporized from an evaporation source is deposited on a support material under a pressure of about 10 ⁇ 2 to 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
- a material (carbon) vaporized from an evaporation source is deposited on a support material under a pressure of about 10 ⁇ 2 to 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
- the energy of the evaporated particles is relatively small, 0.1 to 1 eV, so that the film tends to be porous. Therefore, the amorphous carbon film formed by the vacuum evaporation method has a low density and a high EUV permeability even if the thickness is large.
- the graphite film can be a film made of only carbon and having a refractive index of light having a wavelength of 550 nm of 2.0 to 3.0.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the crystal structure of graphite.
- the graphite crystal has a structure in which a large number of sp2 carbon-membered six-membered rings are stacked in the c-axis direction.
- a graphene laminate or the like in which the linked body is not regularly arranged in the c-axis direction is included in graphite. Absent.
- Part of the graphite may contain N, Si, sp3 carbon atoms and the like.
- the graphite film may be a single crystal structure film or a polycrystalline structure film.
- a graphite film having a single crystal structure is preferable in terms of high film strength and high thermal conductivity.
- a graphite film having a polycrystalline structure is preferable in terms of cost because it is easy to manufacture.
- the mosaic spread of the graphite film is preferably 5.0 or less, more preferably 0.1 or more and 3.0 or less, and further preferably 0.1 or more and 1.0 or less.
- the mosaic spread is an index indicating the orientation of crystallites in the graphite film in the c-axis direction. The smaller the value of the mosaic spread, the higher the orientation in the c-axis direction.
- a mosaic spread of 0.3 ° indicates that the deviation of the c-axis from a direction perpendicular to a six-membered ring (plate surface) is within ⁇ 0.6 ° (carbon terminology) Encyclopedia, Editorial Committee on Carbon Terminology, Carbon Materials Society of Japan, Junichi Yasuda, Kazuo Kobayashi, Agne Jofusha, 2000).
- the mosaic spread is adjusted by the temperature and pressure in the firing process when the graphite film is produced.
- Mosaic spread is measured by the following procedure with an X-ray diffractometer.
- the counter (2 ⁇ axis) of the X-ray diffractometer is fixed at a position where the X-ray diffraction line on the (002) plane of the plate-like graphite film shows a peak.
- the intensity function sample azimuth angle dependency curve of (002) plane diffraction line peak intensity
- a half value of the peak intensity is obtained from the obtained intensity function, and this is used as a mosaic spread.
- the aforementioned graphite film may be a film formed by a known method.
- film formation methods for graphite films include polyoxadiazole, aromatic polyimide, aromatic polyamide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzobisthiazole, polybenzoxazole, polythiazole, polyacrylonitrile, or polyparaphenylene vinylene.
- the method of giving high energy is desirably a method of baking with high heat or a method of irradiating with radiation.
- the radiation to be irradiated can be X-rays, ⁇ -rays, electron beams, neutron beams, ion beams (heavy charged particle beams) and the like.
- the radiation interacts with the material constituting the film, and energy is imparted to atoms in the film. With this energy, atoms are excited, ionized, secondary electrons are emitted, and various chemical reactions occur. As a result, the polymer film is carbonized to obtain a graphite film.
- Examples of a method for producing a graphite film include an arc discharge method using a carbon solid as a raw material, a plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method using a hydrocarbon gas as a raw material, and a methane gas as a raw material. There is also a plasma jet method in vacuum.
- the graphite film is preferably highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) that has been re-annealed for a long time at a high temperature while applying pressure after the film is formed by the method described above.
- HOPG highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
- the graphite film is a pellicle film
- a method of thinning the graphite film there is a method of cleaving by applying physical force to the graphite film.
- the silicon carbide film is a film containing carbon and silicon, and may be an amorphous film or a crystalline film.
- Amorphous silicon carbide film includes not only bonds between different kinds of atoms such as Si—C, C—H, and Si—H, but also bonds between the same kind of atoms such as C—C and Si—Si. It can be a membrane.
- the composition of the amorphous silicon carbide film contains 30 to 99 mol% of carbon, 0 to 30 mol% of hydrogen, and 1 to 70 mol% of silicon; it may not contain hydrogen.
- the composition of the silicon carbide film is more preferably 40-60 mol% for carbon, 0-30 mol% for hydrogen, and 40-60 mol% for silicon.
- atoms such as B, N, O, Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo may be included.
- the composition of the third component is preferably 1 to 70 mol%, more preferably 40 to 60 mol%, including Si.
- the sum total of carbon, hydrogen, and the said 3rd component in the said composition is 98 mol% or more.
- the composition of the amorphous silicon carbide film contains 80 to 85 mol% of carbon and 15 to 20 mol% of silicon ( It is particularly preferred that the sum of carbon and silicon is 100 mol%).
- the amorphous silicon carbide film can be a film formed by an ion plating method.
- the adhesion between the obtained film and the support material is adjusted by the voltage during film formation by the ion plating method, the heating temperature of the film formation target, the gas pressure, and the like.
- a crystalline silicon carbide film is a film containing a crystal structure composed of Si—C heterogeneous interatomic bonds.
- the silicon carbide film may have a single crystal structure or a polycrystalline structure.
- the composition of the crystalline silicon carbide film contains 30 to 99 mol% carbon, 0 to 30 mol% hydrogen, and 1 to 70 mol% silicon, and may not contain hydrogen.
- the composition of the silicon carbide film is more preferably 40-60 mol% for carbon, 0-30 mol% for hydrogen, and 40-60 mol% for silicon.
- atoms such as B, N, O, Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo may be included.
- the composition of the third component is preferably 1 to 70 mol%, more preferably 40 to 60 mol%, including Si.
- the sum total of carbon, hydrogen, and the said 3rd component in the said composition is 98 mol% or more.
- the density of the pellicle film including the polycrystalline silicon carbide film is preferably in the range of 3.0 to 5.0 g / cm 3 .
- the density of the polycrystalline silicon carbide film itself is about 3.3 g / cm 3 , but when the pellicle film is a laminate of the polycrystalline silicon carbide film and other layers, it is preferably in the above range. .
- the crystalline silicon carbide film can be a film formed by a known method.
- a method for forming a crystalline silicon carbide film include an atmospheric pressure plasma CVD method, a low pressure CVD (LPCVD) method, an AC plasma assisted CVD method, and the like.
- the film is formed by introducing an organic silicon-based gas and a hydrocarbon gas into a CVD film-forming chamber.
- the organic silicon-based gas include monosilane gas and dichlorosilane gas.
- crystallinity and film thickness can be controlled. For example, crystallinity can be increased by increasing the substrate temperature, and by reducing the gas pressure by reducing the pressure, the mean free process of atoms and molecules can be lowered to increase the coverage and film thickness uniformity during film formation. Can do.
- the pellicle film may have a support material.
- the support material that supports the pellicle film may be disposed on the original side of the pellicle film or may be disposed on the EUV incident surface side. Further, the pellicle film may be embedded in the gap between the mesh-shaped support materials. Examples of the support material include a mesh substrate made of silicon, metal, or the like, a metal wire, or the like.
- the area of the support material with respect to the area of the inner region of the pellicle frame is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less.
- the area of the support material exceeds 20%, the EUV transmittance is lowered, and the EUV irradiation efficiency is lowered.
- the shape of the support material is not particularly limited. It may be a honeycomb shape, a quadrangular shape, a triangular shape, or a shape combining polygons. It is preferable that the size of the repeating unit of the support is as small as possible so that no shadow is formed during exposure. In order to increase the aperture ratio, it is preferable to reduce the width of the support material as long as the mechanical strength is maintained.
- the size of the polygonal repeating unit of the support material is preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m, and the width of the support material is preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably the size of the polygonal repeating unit of the support material is 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the width of the material is 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably, the size of the polygonal repeating unit of the support material is 10 to 50 ⁇ m, and the width of the support material is 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the EUV light is applied to the EUV pellicle film at an inclination angle of about 6 ° and passes through the EUV pellicle film.
- the transmitted light is irradiated with an EUV mask and is reflected again by the EUV pellicle at an inclination angle of about 6 °. Therefore, in order to reduce the area where EUV light is blocked by the support material, it is desirable that the thickness of the support material be thin.
- the thickness of the support material is desirably 0.1 to 500 ⁇ m, more desirably 0.1 to 200 ⁇ m, and further desirably 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the method for producing the support material for the pellicle membrane is not particularly limited.
- a method of producing a mesh support material by braiding metal wires, a method of producing a support material by etching the substrate by etching, or a method of producing a support material mold by lithography or imprint, and plating the mold by a method such as plating There is a method of manufacturing a support material by embedding the above.
- An example of manufacturing a support material by etching a substrate is etching a metal substrate such as aluminum or stainless steel.
- the substrate may be mechanically shaved or the substrate may be shaved by irradiating a laser or the like.
- anisotropic etching such as dry etching or wet etching may be performed after patterning the shape of the support material on the photoresist.
- the light source used for patterning can be arbitrarily selected according to the size and width of the polygonal repeating unit of the support material. For example, visible light such as D-line or I-line, ultraviolet light such as KrF or ArF excimer laser, X-ray or electron beam may be used.
- the support material may be prepared with the pellicle film placed thereon, or the prepared support material may be bonded to the film.
- a method for producing a pellicle membrane (self-standing membrane) having no support material is not particularly limited, but a production example is shown below.
- a Self-supporting Film can be Obtained by Laminating a Sacrificial Layer on a Substrate, Forming a Pellicle Film on the Sacrificial Layer, and Removing the Sacrificial Layer Later
- the sacrificial layer can be removed by a specific treatment method such as a metal, an oxide film, a resin, or a salt.
- the sacrificial layer can be a metal such as aluminum that dissolves in an acidic solution.
- the pellicle film can be peeled from the substrate.
- the natural oxide film or silicon oxide layer is removed by immersing in a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution after coating a pellicle film on the silicon wafer,
- the pellicle film can also be peeled from the substrate.
- the sacrificial layer laminated on the substrate may be a water-soluble material such as a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol resin or a salt such as sodium chloride.
- the pellicle film can be peeled from the substrate by immersing the laminate in water.
- etching or dissolving the substrate If the material of the substrate can be removed by a specific processing method such as metal, oxide film, resin, salt, etc., the pellicle film is laminated on the substrate, and then the substrate is A pellicle film can be obtained by etching or dissolving.
- the pellicle film is laminated on the surface of the copper foil, and then immersed in a cupric chloride etchant to etch the copper foil substrate and peel the pellicle film from the substrate. it can.
- the pellicle film can be peeled from the glass substrate by laminating the pellicle film on the glass substrate and then etching the glass using hydrofluoric acid.
- the pellicle film can be peeled off from the silicon wafer by laminating the pellicle film on the silicon wafer and then etching the silicon wafer by wet etching or dry etching.
- an etchant such as KOH, TMAH, or hydrazine can be used.
- dry etching etching gases such as fluorine-based (SF 6 , CF 4 , NF 3 , PF 5 , BF 3 , CHF 3 ), chlorine-based (Cl 2 , SiCl 4 ), bromine-based (IBr) can be used.
- fluorine-based SF 6 , CF 4 , NF 3 , PF 5 , BF 3 , CHF 3
- chlorine-based Cl 2 , SiCl 4
- bromine-based IBr
- a layer such as an etching stop layer may be provided in advance on the surface of the silicon substrate.
- the etching stop layer include SiO 2 and SiN.
- the etching stop layer is preferably a film that brings tensile stress to the pellicle film. Residual stress acting in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate and thin film includes tensile stress and compressive stress. The force for spreading the thin film inside the thin film becomes tensile stress, and the force for shrinking the thin film inside the thin film becomes compressive stress. These stresses are mainly generated in the process of forming a thin film. One factor causing residual stress is the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the substrate and the thin film.
- both the substrate and the thin film shrink, but the rate differs depending on the coefficient of thermal expansion. If the coefficient of thermal expansion of the thin film is larger than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate, it becomes tensile stress, and vice versa. When tensile stress is applied to the thin film, tension is applied to the thin film, resulting in a film without wrinkles. On the other hand, when compressive stress is applied to the thin film, the film tends to bend and wrinkle. Since the SiN film is a film that causes tensile stress, if the SiN layer is an etching stop layer, a pellicle film obtained by dry etching a silicon wafer can be a film without defects. Since the etching stop layer is removed after the dry etching of the silicon wafer is finished, a free-standing film made only of the target pellicle film is obtained.
- the pellicle film can be peeled off from the substrate by laminating the pellicle film on the surface of the substrate and then dipping in water to etch the substrate.
- the substrate is a plastic substrate, after the pellicle film is laminated on the surface of the plastic substrate, the plastic substrate can be etched by immersing the plastic substrate in a soluble solvent to peel the pellicle film from the plastic substrate.
- Method of performing pretreatment so that the surface of the substrate can be easily peeled off The surface treatment is performed on the substrate to control the interaction between the pellicle film and the substrate surface, and the substrate is immersed in a solvent or by a mechanical peeling process.
- the pellicle film can be easily peeled off.
- Examples of a method for controlling the interaction between the pellicle film and the substrate surface include a surface treatment method using a silane coupling agent.
- a solution used in the RCA cleaning method such as a mixed solution of hydrogen peroxide solution and ammonium hydroxide or a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution can be used.
- the sacrificial layer formation and surface treatment on the substrate may be used in combination with a method of etching or dissolving the substrate. It is desirable that the material used for the sacrificial layer and the surface treatment be one that is difficult to remain on the surface and inside of the pellicle film and can be removed by an easy method. For example, there are etching by gas, evaporation by heat, washing with a solvent, decomposition and removal by light, etc., and these may be combined for removal.
- pellicle membrane 1-1-7 Physical properties of pellicle membrane 1-1-7-1.
- heat dissipation and heat resistance As described above, during EUV irradiation, the energy of EUV changes to heat through various relaxation processes. Therefore, the pellicle film is required to have heat dissipation and heat resistance, but the conventional single crystal silicon film has low heat dissipation, and has a problem that it is easily deformed or damaged due to thermal damage during EUV irradiation. .
- the DLC film, amorphous carbon film, graphite film, and silicon carbide film all have heat dissipation and heat resistance, and the pellicle film is less likely to be damaged during EUV lithography. Therefore, the original plate can be reliably protected by the pellicle film.
- the reason why the aforementioned DLC film, amorphous carbon film, graphite film, and silicon carbide film have both heat dissipation and heat resistance will be described.
- the heat dissipation of the pellicle film is mainly determined by (i) the radiation of the pellicle film (release of energy by infrared rays) and (ii) the thermal conductivity of the pellicle film.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the “pellicle film temperature T” and the “pellicle film emissivity ⁇ ” obtained from the above equation (1); in this graph, the EUV transmittance Tr of the pellicle film is 80%.
- the EUV irradiation intensity P is 100 W / cm 2 . As shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the temperature T of the pellicle film decreases as the emissivity ⁇ of the pellicle film increases.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the “pellicle film temperature T” and the “EUV transmittance Tr of the pellicle film” obtained from the above-described equation (1); in this graph, the emissivity ⁇ of the pellicle film Is 0.01, and EUV irradiation intensity P is 100 W / cm 2 .
- the EUV transmittance Tr of the pellicle film changes, the temperature T of the pellicle film changes somewhat, but the amount of change is small. That is, the temperature T of the pellicle film hardly depends on the EUV transmittance Tr of the pellicle film, but greatly depends on the emissivity ⁇ of the pellicle film.
- the radiation property of the pellicle film is predicted to some extent from the far-infrared absorption spectrum of the pellicle film.
- the infrared absorption of single crystal silicon which is a conventional pellicle film, is only absorption due to the stretching vibration mode of Si—Si bond, and the infrared absorption rate is low. Therefore, the single crystal silicon film has low radiation properties.
- amorphous carbon, graphite, and amorphous silicon carbide have strong absorption derived from sp2 carbon bonds, and have high infrared absorptance.
- DLC and third component doped DLC have absorption derived from C—H bonds and strong absorption derived from sp2 carbon bonds, and have high infrared absorptance. Therefore, the DLC film, the amorphous carbon film, the graphite film, and the amorphous silicon carbide film are all highly radiant.
- the thermal conductivity of the pellicle film is determined by the thermal conductivity of the material constituting the film.
- the thermal conductivity of single crystal silicon is 150 to 170 W / mK.
- the thermal conductivity of the graphite film is 1000 to 5000 W / mK
- the thermal conductivity of the DLC film is 0.2 to 30 W / mK
- the thermal conductivity of the crystalline silicon carbide film is 100 to 350 W / mK. is there. That is, the silicon film, the DLC film, and the silicon carbide film have low thermal conductivity, whereas the graphite film has high thermal conductivity.
- the single crystal silicon film which is a conventional pellicle film
- the aforementioned DLC film, amorphous carbon film, graphite film, and silicon carbide film are excellent in either one or both of (i) radiation and (ii) thermal conductivity. Therefore, it can be said that heat dissipation is high.
- the graphite film is excellent in both (i) radiation and (ii) thermal conductivity, and has extremely high heat dissipation.
- the heat resistance of the pellicle film is determined by the melting point of the material constituting the pellicle film.
- the melting point of graphite is 3600 ° C.
- the melting point of crystalline silicon carbide is 2600 ° C.
- the heat resistance of DLC and the third component doped DLC is very high.
- the melting point of single crystal silicon is 1410 ° C.
- the above-mentioned DLC film, amorphous carbon film, graphite film, and silicon carbide film have much better heat resistance than conventional single crystal silicon films.
- the above-described pellicle film preferably has a high transmittance for light used for lithography.
- the EUV transmittance is high; the transmittance of light used for EUV lithography (for example, light having a wavelength of 13.5 nm or light having a wavelength of 6.75 nm) is 50% or more. Is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.
- the light transmittance of the film containing these is preferably 50% or more.
- the light transmittance Tr of the pellicle film is measured by a photodiode. Specifically, from the current value (incident light intensity I 0 ) detected without the pellicle film and the current value (transmitted light intensity I) detected with the pellicle film installed, the following equation ( 2).
- the thickness of the pellicle film is preferably set in consideration of the light transmittance of the pellicle film, the infrared absorption rate of the pellicle film, the strength of the pellicle film, and the self-supporting property.
- the preferred thickness of the pellicle film is about 10 to 120 nm, and about 9 to 110 nm when a support material is provided.
- the thickness uniformity and surface roughness of the pellicle film are not particularly limited.
- the film thickness is non-uniform if there is no problem of non-uniform film thickness, non-uniform transmittance due to surface roughness, or EUV light scattering. There may be surface roughness.
- the presence or absence of wrinkles generated on the pellicle film is not particularly limited.
- the pellicle film may have wrinkles as long as there is no reduction in transmittance due to wrinkles and non-uniformity and no problem due to scattering.
- the density ⁇ in the formula (3) is a density specific to the substance constituting the pellicle film. Further, the mass extinction coefficient ⁇ in the above formula (3) is obtained as follows. If the photon energy is greater than about 30 eV and the photon energy is sufficiently away from the absorption edge of the atoms, the mass extinction coefficient ⁇ does not depend on the bonding state between the atoms. For example, the photon energy at a wavelength of 13.5 nm is in the vicinity of 92.5 eV, and is sufficiently away from the absorption edge of atoms. Therefore, the mass absorption coefficient ⁇ does not depend on the bonding state between the atoms of the compound constituting the pellicle film.
- the mass absorption coefficient ⁇ of the pellicle film is calculated from the mass absorption coefficient ⁇ 1 of each element (1, 2,..., I) constituting the pellicle film and the mass fraction W i of each element as follows: It is calculated
- the preferable thickness d of the pellicle film can be set based on the desired EUV transmittance Tr.
- the stress of the pellicle film may remain in the pellicle film obtained by forming a thin film on a substrate such as a silicon wafer. If the residual stress of the pellicle film is large, cracks may be generated, or if the pellicle film is a free-standing film, it may be broken, so it is preferable that the residual stress of the pellicle film is small.
- the direction and magnitude of the residual stress of the pellicle film can be measured by measuring the direction and magnitude of the warp of the formed substrate. The direction and size of the warped substrate can be measured, for example, using a displacement measuring device using laser light.
- a three-dimensional shape measuring device (NH-3SP Mitaka Optical Co., Ltd.) It can measure using.
- the magnitude of the residual stress of the pellicle film is desirably 1 GPa or less, more desirably 0.5 GPa, and further desirably 0.2 GPa or less.
- the residual stress is preferably a tensile stress.
- the direction of the residual stress is the tensile direction, tension is applied to the film, so that a self-supporting film free from wrinkles can be obtained.
- the direction of the residual stress is the compression direction, wrinkles are generated because a compressive force is applied to the film.
- wrinkles occur in the film, the thickness of the film when EUV light passes through the film varies depending on the angle of the wrinkles, so that EUV transmittance tends to be non-uniform. Further, if wrinkles occur in the film, it is not desirable because tears are likely to occur against external forces such as vibration.
- Evaluation of EUV resistance of pellicle film EUV resistance can be evaluated by irradiating the pellicle film with EUV and performing various analyzes on the irradiated and unirradiated parts. For example, composition analysis methods such as XPS measurement, EDS analysis, and RBS, structural analysis methods such as XPS, EELS, IR measurement, and Raman spectroscopy, film thickness evaluation methods such as ellipsometry, interference spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection method In addition, appearance and surface shape evaluation methods such as microscopic observation, SEM observation, and AFM observation can be used. The heat dissipation can be examined in more detail by combining analysis results by computer simulation.
- composition analysis methods such as XPS measurement, EDS analysis, and RBS
- structural analysis methods such as XPS, EELS, IR measurement, and Raman spectroscopy
- film thickness evaluation methods such as ellipsometry, interference spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection method
- the pellicle film not only EUV light, but also appropriate methods such as vacuum ultraviolet irradiation, ultraviolet-visible light irradiation, infrared irradiation, electron beam irradiation, plasma irradiation, and heat treatment are appropriately selected to evaluate the resistance of the pellicle film. May be implemented.
- ⁇ Evaluation of film strength of pellicle film> As a method for evaluating the strength of the pellicle film on the substrate, there is an evaluation method using a nanoindenter. As a method for evaluating the strength of the self-supporting film, a resonance method, a bulge test method, a method for evaluating the presence or absence of film breakage by air blow, a method for evaluating the presence or absence of film breakage by a vibration test, and the like can be used.
- Antioxidation Layer An antioxidant layer may be laminated on the surface of the aforementioned pellicle film. When the antioxidant layer is laminated on the surface of the pellicle film, oxidation of the pellicle film during EUV irradiation or pellicle storage is suppressed.
- the antioxidant layer may be formed on only one surface of the above-described pellicle film, or may be formed on both surfaces.
- the type of the antioxidant layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a film made of a material stable to EUV.
- SiOx (x ⁇ 2) SixNy (x / y is 0.7 to 1.5), SiON, Y 2 O 3 , YN, Mo, Ru, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, or Rh Or the like.
- the thickness of the antioxidant layer is preferably about 1 to 10 nm, more preferably about 2 to 5 nm. If the thickness of the antioxidant film is increased, the transmittance may decrease due to absorption of EUV light by the antioxidant film, which is not desirable.
- the thickness of the pellicle film is preferably in the range of 10 to 120 nm, more preferably 10 to 30 nm.
- the ratio of the thickness of the antioxidant layer to the thickness of the pellicle film is preferably in the range of 0.03 to 1.0. When the ratio of the thickness of the antioxidant film to the thickness of the pellicle film is increased, the EUV transmittance may be lowered, which is not desirable.
- the antioxidant layer when the antioxidant layer is laminated, EUV light is reflected at the interface of the newly generated layer, that is, the interface between the antioxidant layer and air, and the interface between the antioxidant layer and the pellicle film. Therefore, the transmittance is reduced.
- the reflectance of EUV light at the interface between these layers can be calculated by calculation according to the thickness of the pellicle film and the antioxidant layer, and the type of elements constituting the pellicle film and the antioxidant layer. Then, the reflectance can be lowered by optimizing the film thickness in the same manner as the principle of the antireflection film.
- the thickness of the antioxidant film be an optimum thickness within a range where the decrease in the EUV light transmittance due to absorption and the decrease in the EUV light transmittance due to reflection are suppressed and the antioxidant performance is provided.
- the thickness uniformity and surface roughness of the antioxidant layer are not particularly limited.
- the antioxidant film is a continuous layer or a sea-island shape. Either of them may be used, and the film thickness may be non-uniform or the surface may be rough.
- the average refractive index of the pellicle film including the pellicle film and the antioxidant layer is preferably in the range of 1.9 to 5.0.
- the refractive index can be measured by a technique such as spectroscopic ellipsometry.
- the average density of the pellicle film including the pellicle film and the antioxidant layer is preferably in the range of 1.5 to 5.0 g / cm 3 .
- the density can be measured by a technique such as an X-ray reflection method.
- the pellicle frame is not particularly limited as long as the above-described pellicle film can be stretched through a film adhesive layer or the like, and may be a frame made of aluminum, stainless steel, polyethylene, ceramics, for example.
- the pellicle frame 14 may have a ventilation hole 16 for making the air pressure between the region surrounded by the pellicle 10 and the original plate (not shown) and the inside of the EUV exposure apparatus constant. Good. Since EUV exposure is performed in a vacuum environment, if these atmospheric pressures are not uniform, the pellicle film 12 may expand or contract due to a pressure difference or may be damaged.
- a filter is preferably disposed in the vent hole 16 so that foreign matter does not enter a region surrounded by the pellicle and the original plate.
- the filter may be an ULPA (Ultra Low Penetration Air) filter or a metal mesh.
- the pellicle frame may be colored so as not to interfere with exposure so that it can be easily inspected.
- the procedure and method for fixing the pellicle film to the pellicle frame are not particularly limited.
- the etched substrate may be used as a part of the pellicle frame.
- a pellicle film is laminated on a substrate that can be removed by a specific processing method such as metal, silicon wafer, glass, resin, or salt. Thereafter, a mask is applied to the surface of the substrate opposite to the arrangement surface of the pellicle film according to the size of the frame, and etching or dissolution is performed while leaving the mask shape. Thereby, a pellicle using a part of the substrate as a pellicle frame can be obtained.
- the trimming method for matching the substrate shape with the frame shape is not particularly limited.
- a silicon wafer is used as the substrate, a method of mechanically breaking the wafer or a laser trimming method can be used.
- the method for stretching the pellicle film 12 to the pellicle frame 14 is not particularly limited, and the pellicle film 12 may be directly attached to the pellicle frame 14, and the film adhesive layer on one end face of the pellicle frame 14
- the pellicle film 12 and the pellicle frame 14 may be fixed using a mechanical fixing method or an attractive force such as a magnet.
- the film adhesive layer 13 is a layer that bonds the pellicle frame and the pellicle film.
- the film adhesive layer 13 may be a layer made of, for example, an acrylic resin adhesive; an epoxy resin adhesive; a polyimide resin adhesive; a silicone resin adhesive. From the viewpoint of maintaining the degree of vacuum during EUV exposure, it is preferable that the film adhesive layer has little outgas.
- an outgas evaluation method for example, a temperature-programmed desorption gas analyzer can be used.
- the film adhesive layer 13 may not be used.
- an evaluation method for the adhesion between the pellicle film and the pellicle frame for example, a method for evaluating the presence or absence of film tearing or peeling by air blow by changing pressure, area, distance, and angle, or a film by vibration test by changing acceleration and amplitude A method for evaluating the presence or absence of tearing or peeling can be used.
- the original plate adhesive layer 15 bonds the pellicle frame 14 and the original plate. As shown in FIG. 1, the original adhesive layer 15 is provided at the end of the pellicle frame 14 on the side where the pellicle film 12 is not stretched.
- the original adhesive layer 15 is, for example, a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, a silicone resin pressure-sensitive adhesive, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, or a polyolefin pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- the adhesive layer for the original plate is preferably one with less outgas.
- an outgas evaluation method for example, a temperature-programmed desorption gas analyzer can be used.
- the film adhesive layer 13 and the original adhesive layer 15 have EUV resistance because they are exposed to EUV light scattered in the EUV exposure apparatus. If the EUV resistance is low, the adhesiveness and strength of the adhesive deteriorate during EUV exposure, and problems such as peeling of the adhesive and generation of foreign matter occur inside the exposure apparatus.
- Resistance evaluation by EUV irradiation includes, for example, XPS measurement, EDS analysis, composition analysis methods such as RBS, XPS, EELS, structure analysis methods such as IR measurement and Raman spectroscopy, ellipsometry, interference spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection method. Film thickness evaluation methods such as microscopic observation, appearance and surface shape evaluation methods such as microscopic observation, SEM observation and AFM observation, strength and adhesion evaluation methods by nanoindenters and peel tests, and the like can be used.
- the method of stretching the original plate on the pellicle frame 14 is not particularly limited, and the original plate may be directly attached to the pellicle frame 14 or may be via the original adhesive layer 15 on one end surface of the pellicle frame 14,
- the original plate and the pellicle frame 14 may be fixed using a mechanical fixing method or an attractive force such as a magnet.
- the pellicle of the present invention can be used as a protective member that suppresses foreign matter from adhering to the original plate in various exposure apparatuses.
- it is useful as a member for suppressing foreign matter from adhering to the original in the EUV exposure apparatus.
- the protective member may be used not only as a protective member for suppressing foreign matter from adhering to the original, but also as a protective member for protecting the original during storage of the original or transportation of the original.
- the pellicle is mounted on the original plate (exposure original plate), it can be stored as it is after being removed from the exposure apparatus.
- a method of mounting the pellicle on the original plate there are a method of attaching with a bonding agent, an electrostatic adsorption method, a method of mechanically fixing, and the like.
- the circuit pattern is accurately transferred. Therefore, it is necessary that the exposure light transmittance is substantially uniform in the exposure range.
- the pellicle film of the present invention a pellicle having a constant light transmittance in the exposure range can be obtained.
- the EUV exposure apparatus includes an EUV light source 31 that emits EUV, an illumination optical system 37 that guides the light from the EUV light source 31 to the original 33, an original 33 that reflects EUV in a pattern, and light reflected by the original 33. And a projection optical system 38 that leads to the sensitive substrate 34.
- the pellicle 10 is affixed to the EUV irradiation surface side of the original plate 33.
- the filter windows 20 and 25 are installed between the EUV light source 31 and the illumination optical system 37 and between the illumination optical system 37 and the original plate 33, respectively.
- the light reflected by the original plate 33 is guided onto the sensitive substrate 34 through the projection optical system 38, and the sensitive substrate 34 is exposed in a pattern. Note that exposure by EUV is performed under reduced pressure conditions.
- the EUV light source 31 emits EUV toward the illumination optical system 37.
- the EUV light source 31 includes a target material, a pulse laser irradiation unit, and the like. EUV is obtained by irradiating this target material with a pulse laser to generate plasma.
- EUV When the target material is Xe, EUV having a wavelength of 13 to 14 nm is obtained.
- the wavelength of light emitted from the EUV light source is not limited to 13 to 14 nm, and may be light having a wavelength suitable for the purpose within a wavelength range of 5 to 30 nm.
- the illumination optical system 37 collects the light emitted from the EUV light source 31 and irradiates the original 33 with uniform illuminance.
- the illumination optical system 37 includes a plurality of multilayer mirrors 32 for adjusting the EUV optical path, an optical coupler (optical integrator), and the like.
- the multilayer film mirror is a multilayer film in which molybdenum (Mo) and silicon (Si) are alternately stacked.
- the method for attaching the filter windows 20 and 25 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of attaching via an adhesive or the like, and a method of mechanically fixing in the EUV exposure apparatus.
- the filter window 20 disposed between the EUV light source 31 and the illumination optical system 37 captures scattered particles (debris) generated from the light source, and the scattered particles (debris) are elements inside the illumination optical system 37 (for example, a multilayer). Avoid sticking to the mirror 32).
- the filter window 25 disposed between the illumination optical system 37 and the original plate 33 captures particles (debris) scattered from the EUV light source 31 side so that the scattered particles (debris) do not adhere to the original plate 33. To do.
- the original plate 33 can have a structure including a support substrate, a reflective layer laminated on the support substrate, and an absorber layer formed on the reflective layer.
- the absorber layer partially absorbs EUV, whereby a desired image is formed on the sensitive substrate 34.
- the reflective layer can be a multilayer film of molybdenum (Mo) and silicon (Si).
- the absorber layer can be a material with high EUV absorption, such as chromium (Cr) or tantalum nitride.
- the pellicle 10 is mounted on the original plate 33 via an original adhesive layer or the like.
- the foreign matter adhering to the original plate absorbs or scatters EUV, which causes poor resolution on the wafer. Therefore, the pellicle 10 is mounted so as to cover the EUV irradiation area of the original 33, and the EUV passes through the pellicle film 12 and is irradiated onto the original 33.
- the pellicle 10 can be attached to the original plate 33 as long as it can be placed on the original plate so that no foreign matter adheres to the surface of the original plate.
- the pellicle frame 14 and the original plate 33 may be attached with an adhesive, Method, mechanical fixing method, and the like, but are not particularly limited. Preferably, a method of attaching with an adhesive is used.
- the projection optical system 38 collects the light reflected by the original plate 33 and irradiates the sensitive substrate 34.
- the projection optical system 38 includes a plurality of multilayer mirrors 35 and 36 for preparing an EUV optical path.
- the sensitive substrate 34 is a substrate on which a resist is coated on a semiconductor wafer, and the resist is cured in a pattern by EUV reflected by the original plate 33. By developing this resist and etching the semiconductor wafer, a desired pattern is formed on the semiconductor wafer.
- Example 1 (1) Preparation of pellicle film A pellicle film (DLC (aC: H) film) having a thickness of 90 nm is formed on a circular silicon wafer having a diameter of 4 inches by plasma ion implantation and film formation (PBIID method). Filmed. Two stacked bodies (samples) of the pellicle film and the silicon wafer were prepared. The obtained pellicle film was subjected to composition identification, refractive index measurement, and Raman spectrum measurement by the following methods.
- DLC aC: H film
- the spectrum was analyzed based on the dispersion formula (document value) of the support material (here, silicon wafer (Si)) and the dielectric function model (Tauc-Lorentz formula) of the film.
- the analysis was performed using a two-layer model consisting of substrate / thin film / surface roughness layer. Then, the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k at each wavelength of the pellicle film were calculated. Table 1 shows the calculated refractive index n of light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the intensity (I (2D)) of the 2D band appearing at 2800 to 2600 cm ⁇ 1 is specified, and the ratio (I (2)) between the intensity of the G band (I (G)) and the intensity of the 2D band (I (2D)). 2D) / I (G)).
- Table 1 shows the calculated intensity ratio (2D / G).
- silicon wafer support material
- the silicon wafer was polished and the thickness of the silicon wafer was 200 ⁇ m. Further, the silicon wafer was dry etched into a mesh shape from the silicon wafer side. The width of the lines constituting the mesh was 10 ⁇ m, and the distance between the lines was 200 ⁇ m. Moreover, the peripheral part (width 10 mm) of the silicon wafer was not etched.
- the pellicle film on the obtained silicon mesh was observed with a reflection type optical microscope and a transmission type optical microscope, the pellicle film in a portion not in contact with the silicon mesh was not broken.
- EUV irradiation EUV was irradiated to the pellicle film of the sample (sample 1-A) in which the support material was not processed and the sample (sample 1-B) in which the support material was mesh-processed under the following conditions, respectively.
- Light (EUV) with a wavelength of 13.5 nm was irradiated from the pellicle film side with an EUV irradiation apparatus (Newsval (facility name) BL-10, Hyogo Prefectural University).
- the illuminance was 150 mW / cm 2
- the irradiation time was 30 minutes
- the EUV irradiation direction was perpendicular to the film surface.
- the beam size obtained from the full width at half maximum of the incident light intensity was 0.15 mm ⁇ 0.8 mm.
- FIG. 6 shows spectra measured by XPS (before and after EUV irradiation).
- the XPS spectrum was acquired with an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (AXIS-Ultra series analysis area 120 ⁇ m, manufactured by KRATOS). Then, the stability of the pellicle film against EUV was evaluated according to the following criteria. Change in C1s spectrum before and after EUV irradiation is 5% or less: Before and after EUV irradiation, the change in C1s spectrum exceeded 5%: ⁇
- normalized transmittance variation is less than 3%: Over 30 minutes, normalized transmittance variation is 3% or more: ⁇
- Example 2 Production of pellicle film A pellicle film (DLC (ta-C) film) having a thickness of 100 nm was formed on a silicon wafer having a diameter of 4 inches by the FCVA method (Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc method). With respect to the obtained pellicle film, composition identification, refractive index measurement, and Raman spectrum measurement were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 (1) Production of pellicle film An amorphous carbon film having a thickness of 120 nm was formed on a slide glass having a width of 5 cm and a length of 5 cm by vacuum deposition. The slide glass was immersed in water to peel the amorphous carbon film from the slide glass. Then, the amorphous carbon film was scraped off with a resin-made circular frame (diameter 10 mm). No tear was found in the amorphous carbon film. With respect to the obtained pellicle film, composition identification, refractive index measurement, and Raman spectrum measurement were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 (1) Production of pellicle film A pellicle film (amorphous silicon carbide film) having a thickness of 100 nm was formed on a silicon wafer having a diameter of 4 inches by an ion plating method. Two laminates comprising a pellicle film and a silicon wafer were prepared. With respect to the obtained pellicle film, composition identification, refractive index measurement, and Raman spectrum measurement were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the silicon wafer (support material) was processed into a mesh shape for only one of the two samples.
- the silicon wafer processing method is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the pellicle film on the obtained silicon mesh was observed with a reflection type optical microscope and a transmission type optical microscope, the pellicle film in a portion not in contact with the silicon mesh was not broken.
- Example 5 (1) Production of Pellicle Film A highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) film (grade: ZYA, Double Side, thickness 2 mm) manufactured by MIKROMASCH was prepared. The mosaic spread of the graphite film was 0.4 ⁇ 0.1, and the density was 2.27 g / cm 3 . An adhesive tape (outside dimension: 12 mm ⁇ 12 mm, frame width: 1 mm) cut into a frame shape was attached to the graphite film (12 mm ⁇ 12 mm ⁇ 2 mm). Then, the graphite film was cleaved by mechanically peeling the adhesive tape from the graphite film to obtain a graphite film having a thickness of 0.24 mm. The graphite film was not broken.
- HOPG highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
- the obtained graphite film was attached to a pellicle frame (outside dimension: 12 mm ⁇ 12 mm, frame width: 1 mm) made of aluminum alloy A7075 to obtain a pellicle.
- a pellicle frame outer dimension: 12 mm ⁇ 12 mm, frame width: 1 mm
- membrane made of aluminum alloy A7075
- the identification of a composition and the Raman spectrum measurement were performed like Example 1.
- FIG. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 (1) Production of pellicle film A polycrystalline silicon carbide film having a thickness of 300 nm was formed on a silicon wafer having a diameter of 4 inches by LPCVD using a mixed gas of SiH 2 Cl 2 and C 2 H 2 . Two laminates comprising a polycrystalline silicon carbide film and a silicon wafer were prepared. The obtained polycrystalline silicon carbide film was polished by a CMP method to obtain a pellicle film having a thickness of 150 nm. With respect to the obtained pellicle film, composition identification, refractive index measurement, and Raman spectrum measurement were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a copper foil was prepared, and a graphene film was formed on the copper foil by a CVD method using a mixed gas of CH 4 , H 2 , and Ar.
- a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film was laminated on the obtained graphene film.
- the laminate was immersed in dilute hydrochloric acid to dissolve and remove the copper foil.
- the laminated body of PET film and graphene was immersed in hexafluoroisopropanol, and the PET film was dissolved and removed.
- the graphene film was broken during the dissolution of the PET film, and a pellicle film was not obtained.
- the pellicle film becomes high temperature due to long-term EUV irradiation.
- the apparatus is stopped, it is cooled to room temperature. Therefore, the pellicle film is required to withstand such temperature changes; however, the DLC film, amorphous carbon film, amorphous silicon carbide film, and graphite film are excellent in heat resistance and heat dissipation as described above. For this reason, it is presumed that it is difficult to deteriorate even by a temperature change.
- the theoretical value of the light transmittance Tr of the wavelength 135 nm of the graphite film of Example 5 was calculated based on the following (3); the theoretical value of the transmittance Tr was 20%, and the above measurement The result was almost consistent with the result.
- I is the transmitted light intensity
- I 0 is the incident light intensity I 0
- d is the thickness of the film (here 0.24 ⁇ m)
- ⁇ is the density
- ⁇ is the mass absorption coefficient of the pellicle film.
- the light transmittance Tr when the thickness of the pellicle film is changed can be predicted. Therefore, based on the above formula (3), the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 13.5 nm of the graphite film and silicon film having a thickness of 100 nm was calculated. The calculated transmittance was 52% for the graphite film and 86% for the silicon film. Similarly, the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 6.75 nm was calculated for a graphite film having a thickness of 100 nm and a silicon film. The calculated transmittance was 84% for the graphite film and 17% for the silicon film.
- the thickness of the pellicle film made of a graphite film is 100 nm, the transmittance of both light having a wavelength of 13.5 nm and light having a wavelength of 6.75 nm is 50% or more, and EUV irradiation is performed. It turns out that efficiency becomes favorable.
- the pellicle of the present invention has high EUV permeability, the pellicle film is not easily damaged during EUV irradiation, and is chemically stable to EUV irradiation. Therefore, it is very useful as an original plate for EUV lithography or a pellicle for reliably protecting an optical system.
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Abstract
Description
[1]波長550nmの光の屈折率nが1.9~5.0であるペリクル膜と、前記ペリクル膜が貼り付けられたペリクル枠と、を有するペリクルであって、前記ペリクル膜は、組成中に炭素を30~100モル%、水素を0~30モル%含み、前記ペリクル膜のラマンスペクトルにおける、2DバンドとGバンドとの強度比(2Dバンドの強度/Gバンドの強度)が1以下であるか、あるいは、2DバンドとGバンドの強度がそれぞれ0である、ペリクル。
[2]前記ペリクル膜が、さらにSi、B、N、O、Y、Zr、Nb、及びMoからなる群から選択される第3成分を0~70モル%含み、かつ、前記炭素、前記水素、及び前記第3成分の合計は98モル%以上である[1]に記載のペリクル。
[3]前記第3成分としてSiを40~60%含む[2]に記載のペリクル。
[4]前記ペリクル膜は多結晶炭化ケイ素膜を含み、かつ前記ペリクル膜の密度が3.0~5.0g/cm3の範囲にある、[2]または[3]に記載のペリクル。
[5]前記ペリクル膜は、ダイヤモンドライクカーボン膜、アモルファスカーボン膜、グラファイト膜、及び炭化ケイ素膜からなる群から選ばれる一種以上の膜を含む、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のペリクル。
[6]前記ペリクル膜の厚さが、10~120nmである、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のペリクル。
[7]前記ペリクル膜が、高分子フィルムに高いエネルギーを与えて得られたものである、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のペリクル。
[8]前記高分子フィルムが、ポリイミドフィルムである、[7]に記載のペリクル。
[9]EUV光源と、光学系と、原版とを有するEUV露光装置であって、前記原版に、前記EUV光源からの光が光学系を介して導かれ、前記原版の光入射面に、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のペリクルが設置されている、EUV露光装置。
[10]原版と、前記原版に装着された[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のペリクルとを含む露光原版。
[11]EUV光源から、[10]に記載の露光原版の前記ペリクル膜を通過させて、前記原版にEUVを照射するステップと、前記原版が反射したEUVを、前記ペリクル膜を通過させて感応基板に照射し、感応基板をパターン状に露光するステップと、を含む露光方法。
本発明において、EUVとは、波長5nm~30nmの光をいう。つまりEUVリソグラフィーの露光光は、波長5nm~30nmの光であり、より好ましくは波長5nm~13.5nmの光である。
上記ペリクル膜は、単一の膜からなるものであってもよく、二層以上の膜が積層されたものであってもよい。また、ペリクル膜は、全面が支持材によって支持された膜であってもよいが、単独で膜形状を保持できる膜(自立膜)であることが好ましい。
ダイヤモンドライクカーボンは、ダイヤモンドとグラファイトの中間的な結晶構造を有し;sp3結合とsp2結合とが混在するアモルファス構造を有する。つまり、DLC膜には、明確な結晶粒界がないため、強靭な膜となりやすい。DLC膜は、(i)構造中に水素が含まれない膜(ta-C(Tetrahedral amorphous carbon))であってもよく、(ii)構造中に水素が含まれる膜(a-C:H(Hydrogenated amorphous carbon))であってもよく、(iii)前述の第3成分がドープされた膜であってもよい。
アモルファスカーボン膜は、炭素のみからなり、かつ波長550nmの光の屈折率が1.9~2.1である膜でありうる。アモルファスカーボン膜は、主にsp2結合で構成されるアモルファス構造からなる。
グラファイト膜は、炭素のみからなり、かつ波長550nmの光の屈折率が2.0~3.0である膜でありうる。
炭化ケイ素膜は、炭素及びケイ素が含まれる膜であり、アモルファス膜であってもよく、結晶性の膜であってもよい。
前述の通り、ペリクル膜は支持材を有していてもよい。ペリクル膜を支持する支持材は、ペリクル膜の原版側に配設されてもよく、EUV入射面側に配設されてもよい。また、ペリクル膜が、メッシュ状の支持材の隙間に埋め込まれてもよい。支持材の例には、シリコン、金属等からなるメッシュ状の基板、金属ワイヤ等が含まれる。
支持材を有さないペリクル膜(自立膜)を作製する方法は特に問わないが、以下に製造例を示す。
基板上に犠牲層を積層し、その上にペリクル膜を製膜して、後で犠牲層を除去することで自立膜を得ることができる。犠牲層は、金属、酸化膜、樹脂、塩など、特定の処理方法で除去できるものとすることができる。例えば、犠牲層は、酸性溶液に溶けるアルミニウムなどの金属でありうる。具体的には、蒸着やスパッタなどでガラス基板やシリコンウェハの表面に金属層を積層し、さらに金属層の上にペリクル膜を積層した後に、酸性溶液など金属層を溶かすことができる溶液に浸漬することによって、基板からペリクル膜を剥離することができる。
基板の材質を、金属、酸化膜、樹脂、塩など、特定の処理方法で除去できるものとした場合には、基板の上にペリクル膜を積層したのちに、基板をエッチングまたは溶解させることで、ペリクル膜を得ることができる。
基板に表面処理を施すことで、ペリクル膜と基板面との相互作用を制御し、溶媒への浸漬や機械的な剥離プロセスにより、基板からペリクル膜を容易に剥離することができる。ペリクル膜と基板面との相互作用を制御する方法として、例えばシランカップリング剤による表面処理方法が挙げられる。そのほかには、水や有機溶媒、ピラニア水、硫酸、UVオゾン処理、などにより基板表面を洗浄する方法が挙げられる。基板をシリコンウェハとする場合には、過酸化水素水と水酸化アンモニウムの混合液や、塩酸と過酸化水素水の混合液など、RCA洗浄法で用いられる溶液などを使用することができる。
1-1-7-1.放熱性及び耐熱性について
前述のように、EUV照射時には、EUVのエネルギーが様々な緩和過程を経て熱に変わる。そのため、ペリクル膜には放熱性及び耐熱性が求められるが、従来の単結晶シリコン膜は放熱性が低く、EUV照射中に熱的ダメージを受けて変形したり、破損しやすいという問題があった。
前述のペリクル膜は、リソグラフィーに用いる光の透過率が高いことが好ましい。ペリクルをEUVリソグラフィーに用いる場合、EUVの透過率が高いことが好ましく;EUVリソグラフィーに用いる光(例えば、波長13.5nmの光や波長6.75nmの光)の透過率が50%以上であることが好ましく、80%以上であることがより好ましく、90%以上であることがさらに好ましい。ペリクル膜が支持材によって支持される場合や、ペリクル膜が後述の酸化防止層と積層される場合には、これらを含む膜の光の透過率が50%以上であることが好ましい。
シリコンウェハなどの基板上に、薄膜を製膜して得たペリクル膜には応力が残留することがある。ペリクル膜の残留応力が大きいと、クラックが生じたり、自立膜としたときに破れの原因となったりするため、ペリクル膜の残留応力は小さいほうが好ましい。ペリクル膜の残留応力の向きと大きさは、製膜した基板の反りの向きと大きさを測定することによって測定することができる。製膜した基板の反りの向きと大きさは、例えばレーザー光を利用した変位計測装置を用いて測定することができ、具体的には三次元形状測定装置(NH-3SP 三鷹光器株式会社)などを用いて測定することができる。ペリクル膜の残留応力の大きさは1GPa以下であることが望ましく、より望ましくは0.5GPa、さらに望ましくは0.2GPa以下である。
ペリクル膜にEUVを照射し、照射部分と未照射部分について、各種の分析を行うことでEUV耐性を評価することができる。例えば、XPS測定、EDS分析、RBSなどの組成分析の手法、XPS、EELS、IR測定やラマン分光などの構造解析の手法、エリプソメトリーや干渉分光法、X線反射法等などの膜厚み評価法、顕微鏡観察、SEM観察やAFM観察などの外観や表面形状評価方法などを用いることができる。放熱性は、コンピューターシミュレーションによる解析結果を組み合わせることで、より詳細に検討されうる。
基板上のペリクル膜の強度の評価方法としては、ナノインデンターによる評価方法が挙げられる。自立膜の膜強度の評価方法としては、共鳴法やバルジ試験法、エアブローによる膜の破れの有無の評価法、振動試験による膜の破れの有無の評価法等の手法を用いることができる。
前述のペリクル膜の表面には、酸化防止層が積層されてもよい。ペリクル膜の表面に酸化防止層が積層されると、EUV照射時やペリクル保管時のペリクル膜の酸化が抑制される。酸化防止層は、前述のペリクル膜の一方の面のみに形成されていてもよく、両面に形成されていてもよい。
ペリクル枠は、前述のペリクル膜を、膜接着剤層等を介して張設可能な枠であれば特に制限されず、例えばアルミニウム、ステンレス、ポリエチレン、セラミックス製の枠でありうる。例えば図1に示されるように、ペリクル枠14は、ペリクル10及び原版(不図示)に囲まれた領域と、EUV露光装置内との気圧を一定とするための通気孔16を有してもよい。EUV露光は、真空環境下で行われるため、これらの気圧が不均一であると、ペリクル膜12が、圧力差によって伸縮したり、破損するおそれがある。通気孔16には、ペリクル及び原版に囲まれた領域に異物が入らないよう、フィルターが配設されることが好ましい。フィルターは、ULPA(Ultra Low Penatration Air)フィルターや、金属メッシュでありうる。また、ペリクル枠は検査しやすいように露光に支障が無い範囲で着色されていてもよい。
ペリクル膜12をペリクル枠14に張設する方法は特に制限されず、ペリクル膜12をペリクル枠14へ直接貼り付けてもよく、ペリクル枠14の一方の端面にある膜接着剤層13を介してもよく、機械的に固定する方法や磁石などの引力を利用してペリクル膜12とペリクル枠14を固定してもよい。
原版用接着剤層15は、ペリクル枠14と原版とを接着する。図1に示されるように、原版用接着剤層15は、ペリクル枠14のペリクル膜12が張設されていない側の端部に設けられる。原版用接着剤層15は、例えば、両面粘着テープ、シリコーン樹脂粘着剤、アクリル系粘着剤、ポリオレフィン系粘着剤等である。例えばEUV露光時の真空度を保持するとの観点では、原版用接着剤層は、アウトガスが少ないものが好ましい。アウトガスの評価方法として、例えば昇温脱離ガス分析装置を用いることができる。
本発明のペリクルは、各種露光装置内で原版に異物が付着することを抑制する保護部材として使用可能である。特に、EUV露光装置内で、原版に異物が付着することを抑制するための部材として有用である。また、各種露光装置内で、原版に異物が付着することを抑制するための保護部材としてだけでなく、原版の保管時や、原版の運搬時に原版を保護するための保護部材としてもよい。例えば、原版にペリクルを装着した状態(露光原版)にしておけば、露光装置から取り外した後、そのまま保管すること等が可能となる。ペリクルを原版に装着する方法には、接着剤で貼り付ける方法、静電吸着法、機械的に固定する方法等がある。
本発明のペリクルを、EUV露光装置で使用する例を示す。EUV露光装置の概略断面図を図5に示す。EUV露光装置には、EUVを出射するEUV光源31と、EUV光源31からの光を原版33に導く照明光学系37と、パターン状にEUVを反射する原版33と、原版33が反射した光を感応基板34へ導く投影光学系38とが含まれる。上記ペリクル10は、原版33のEUV照射面側に貼付する。また、上記フィルター・ウィンドウ20,25は、EUV光源31と照明光学系37との間、及び照明光学系37と原版33の間にそれぞれ設置される。EUV露光装置では、原版33により反射された光が、投影光学系38を通じて感応基板34上に導かれ、感応基板34がパターン状に露光される。なお、EUVによる露光は、減圧条件下で行われる。
(1)ペリクル膜の作製
直径4インチの円形シリコンウエハ上に、プラズマイオン注入・成膜法(PBIID法)にて、厚さ90nmのペリクル膜(DLC(a-C:H)膜)を成膜した。なお、ペリクル膜及びシリコンウエハの積層体(サンプル)は、2つ準備した。得られたペリクル膜について、以下の方法で、組成の特定、屈折率測定、ラマンススペクトル測定を行った。
得られたペリクル膜に含まれる各元素の量を、ラザフォード後方散乱分光法(RBS)/水素前方散乱分析法(HFS)、及びXPS測定法で特定した。
RBS/HFS測定は、加速器(National Electrostatics Corporation社製 Pelletron3SDH)を用いた。測定条件は、入射イオン:4He++、入射エネルギー:2300keV、入射角:75°、散乱角:160°、反跳角:30°、ビーム径:2mmとした。一方、XPS測定は、X線光電子分光装置(KRATOS社製 AXIS-ULTRAシリーズ)を用いた。X線源はAlKα、分析面積は120×120μmとした。算出された組成比を表1に示す。
得られたペリクル膜について、分光エリプソメトリ(堀場製作所社製 Auto-SE)にて、Ψ(s偏光とp偏光との擬幅比)及びΔ(s偏光とp偏光との位相差)のスペクトルを検出した。測定条件は、測定波長:400~1000nm、入射角:70°、集光ビーム径:100μmとした。
そして、上記スペクトルを、支持材(ここではシリコンウエハ(Si))の分散式(文献値)、及び膜の誘電関数モデル(Tauc-Lorentz式)に基づいて解析した。解析は、基板/薄膜/表面粗さ層からなる2層モデルを用いて行った。そして、ペリクル膜の各波長における屈折率n、及び消衰係数kを算出した。算出された波長550nmの光の屈折率nを表1に示す。
得られたペリクル膜について、ラマン顕微鏡(堀場製作所製社製 XploRA)にて、ラマンスペクトルを測定した。測定条件は、環境雰囲気:大気中、励起光:532nm、グレーティング:600T、測定領域:400~3200cm-1とした。測定されたラマンスペクトルについて、約900~1800cm-1に現れるブロードなピークを、ガウス関数にて1590cm-1付近のGバンド、及び1350cm-1付近のDバンドの2つに分離して、Gバンドの強度(I(G))を算出した。一方、2800~2600cm-1に現れる2Dバンドの強度(I(2D))を特定し、Gバンドの強度(I(G))と2Dバンドの強度(I(2D))との比(I(2D)/I(G))を求めた。算出された強度比(2D/G)を表1に示す。
前述の2つのサンプルのうち、一方のサンプルのシリコンウエハ(支持材)を加工した。具体的には、シリコンウエハを研磨し、シリコンウエハの厚さを200μmとした。さらに、シリコンウエハ側から、シリコンウエハを、メッシュ状にドライエッチングした。メッシュを構成するラインの幅は10μm、ライン同士の間隔は200μmとした。また、シリコンウエハの周縁部(幅10mm)はエッチングしなかった。得られたシリコンメッシュ上のペリクル膜を反射型光学顕微鏡および透過型光学顕微鏡にて観察したところ、シリコンメッシュと接触していない部分のペリクル膜に破れは見られなかった。
支持材未加工のサンプル(サンプル1-A)、及び支持材をメッシュ加工したサンプル(サンプル1-B)のペリクル膜に、それぞれ以下の条件でEUVを照射した。
ペリクル膜側から、EUV照射装置(ニュースバル(施設名) BL-10、兵庫県立大)にて、波長13.5nmの光(EUV)を照射した。照度は150mW/cm2、照射時間は30分とし、EUVの照射方向は膜面に対して垂直方向とした。入射光強度の半値全幅から求めたビームサイズは0.15mm×0.8mmであった。
サンプル1-A及びサンプル1-Bについて、EUV照射前後で、ペリクル膜に変色が生じているかを、反射型光学顕微鏡にて観察した。評価は以下のように行った。
EUVを照射した領域に、変色が一切見られなかった:○
EUVを照射した領域に、変色が見られた:×
サンプル1-AのEUVが照射された領域について、ラマンスペクトル測定し、2Dバンドの強度(I(2D))とGバンドの強度(I(G))の比(I(2D)/I(G))を求めた。ラマンスペクトルの測定方法、及び強度比の算出方法は、前述の方法と同様とした。そして、下記の基準で、EUV照射前後におけるDLC膜のEUVに対する安定性を評価した。当該変化が大きいことは、膜の組成、または膜を構成する炭素原子の結合状態が変化したことを示す。
EUVを照射後と照射前で、Gバンドと2Dバンドとの強度比の変化が5%以下:○
EUVを照射後と照射前で、Gバンドと2Dバンドとの強度比の変化が5%を超えた:×
炭素を含む膜では、XPSスペクトルのC1sピークの中に、sp2結合由来のピーク(284eV)、とsp3結合由来のピーク(285eV)とが観察される。
そこで、サンプル1-Aについて、EUV照射前のDLC膜のC1sピーク(284eVのピーク強度と285eVのピーク強度との比)と、EUV照射後のDLC膜のC1sピークとを比較し;膜を構成する炭素原子の結合状態が変化したかを確認した。
XPSスペクトルは、X線光電子分光装置(KRATOS社製 AXIS-Ultraシリーズ 分析面積 120μm)にて取得した。そして、下記の基準で、ペリクル膜のEUVに対する安定性を評価した。
EUVの照射前後で、C1sスペクトルの変化が5%以下:○
EUVの照射前後で、C1sスペクトルの変化が5%を超えた:×
サンプル1-Bのペリクル膜を透過するEUVを、フォトダイオードで検出し;このときの電流値からEUV透過率を求めた。具体的には、サンプルを設置していない状態で検出された電流値(入射光強度I0)と、サンプルを設置した状態で検出された電流値(透過光強度I)から、下記式(2)に従ってEUV透過率Trを求めた。サンプル設置後の電流値の検出は、EUV照射開始直後に行った。
Tr≡I/I0・・・(2)
サンプル1-Bについて、EUV照射中のEUV透過率を、前述の方法で算出した。そして、EUV照射時間tにおける透過率Tr(t)を照射開始直後の透過率Tr(0)で除した規格化透過率(下記式(5)にて求められる値)と定義し、当該規格化透過率の変動を計測した。
規格化透過率 ≡Tr(t)/Tr(0) ・・・(5)
下記基準で、膜のEUV透過率安定性を評価した。
30分間にわたって、規格化透過率の変動が3%以上:×
(1)ペリクル膜の作製
直径4インチのシリコンウエハ上に、FCVA法(Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc法)にて、厚さ100nmのペリクル膜(DLC(ta-C)膜)を成膜した。得られたペリクル膜について、実施例1と同様の方法で、組成の特定、屈折率測定、ラマンススペクトル測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。
支持材未加工のサンプル(サンプル2)に、実施例1と同様の条件で、EUVを照射した。当該サンプル2について、EUV照射部の変色の確認、EUV照射後のラマンスペクトルの変化、XPS測定値の変化を確認した。結果を表1に示す。また、図7に、EUV照射前後のラマンスペクトルを示す。
(1)ペリクル膜の作製
幅5cm、長さ5cmのスライドガラス上に真空蒸着法により厚さ120nmのアモルファスカーボン膜を成膜した。当該スライドガラスを水に浸漬してアモルファスカーボン膜をスライドガラスから剥離した。そして、アモルファスカーボン膜を樹脂製の円形の枠(直径10mm)で掬い取った。アモルファスカーボン膜に破れは見られなかった。得られたペリクル膜について、実施例1と同様の方法で、組成の特定、屈折率測定、ラマンススペクトル測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。
樹脂製の枠で支持されたペリクル膜(サンプル3)に、実施例1と同様の条件で、EUVを照射した。そして、EUV照射部の変色の確認、EUV透過率の測定、EUV透過率安定性、EUV照射後のラマンスペクトルの変化、XPS測定値の変化を確認した。結果を表1に示す。また、図8に、EUV規格透過率の変動を示すグラフを示す。
(1)ペリクル膜の作製
直径4インチのシリコンウエハ上に、イオンプレーティング法により厚さ100nmのペリクル膜(アモルファス炭化ケイ素膜)を成膜した。ペリクル膜及びシリコンウエハからなる積層体は、2つ準備した。得られたペリクル膜について、実施例1と同様の方法で、組成の特定、屈折率測定、ラマンススペクトル測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。
2つのサンプルのうち、一方のサンプルのみ、シリコンウエハ(支持材)をメッシュ状に加工した。シリコンウエハの加工方法は、実施例1と同様である。得られたシリコンメッシュ上のペリクル膜を反射型光学顕微鏡および透過型光学顕微鏡にて観察したところ、シリコンメッシュと接触していない部分のペリクル膜に破れは見られなかった。
支持材未加工のサンプル(サンプル4-A)、及び支持材をメッシュ加工したサンプル(サンプル4-B)のペリクル膜に、実施例1と同様の条件で、それぞれEUVを照射した。サンプル4-Aについて、EUV照射部の変色の確認、EUV照射後のラマンスペクトルの変化、XPS測定値の変化を確認した。結果を表1に示す。一方、サンプル4-Bについて、EUV照射部の変色の確認を行った。結果を表1に示す。また、図9に、XPSで測定されたスペクトル(EUV照射前及びEUV照射後)を示す。
(1)ペリクル膜の作製
MIKROMASCH社製 高配向熱分解グラファイト(HOPG)膜(グレード:ZYA、Double Side、厚さ2mm)を準備した。当該グラファイト膜のモザイクスプレッドは0.4±0.1であり、密度は2.27g/cm3であった。当該グラファイト膜(12mm×12mm×2mm)に、枠形状に切り抜いた粘着テープ(外寸:12mm×12mm、枠の幅:1mm)を貼り付けた。そして、当該粘着テープを当該グラファイト膜から機械的に剥離することによってグラファイト膜を劈開し、厚さ0.24mmのグラファイト膜を得た。グラファイト膜に破れは見られなかった。得られたグラファイト膜をアルミニウム合金A7075製のペリクル枠(外寸:12mm×12mm、枠の幅:1mm)に貼付け、ペリクルを得た。
得られたペリクル膜について、実施例1と同様に組成の特定、及びラマンスペクトル測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。
上記ペリクル膜に、実施例1と同様の条件で、EUVを照射した。そして、EUV照射部の変色の確認、EUV透過率の測定、EUV透過率安定性、EUV照射後のラマンスペクトルの変化、XPS測定値の変化を確認した。結果を表1に示す。
(1)ペリクル膜の作製
直径4インチのシリコンウエハ上に、SiH2Cl2とC2H2との混合ガスを用いたLPCVD法により、厚さ300nmの多結晶炭化ケイ素膜を成膜した。多結晶炭化ケイ素膜及びシリコンウエハからなる積層体を2つ準備した。得られた多結晶炭化ケイ素膜をCMP法で研磨することで厚さ150nmのペリクル膜とした。得られたペリクル膜について、実施例1と同様の方法で、組成の特定、屈折率測定、ラマンススペクトル測定を行った。結果を表1に示す。
2つのサンプルのうち、一方のサンプルについて、KOH水溶液(濃度17%)のエッチング液を用いて80℃でウエットエッチングを行い、500μm×1000μmのペリクル膜を得た。得られたペリクル膜を反射型光学顕微鏡および透過型光学顕微鏡にて観察したところ、シリコンメッシュと接触していない部分のペリクル膜に破れは見られなかった。
上記ペリクル膜に、実施例1と同様の条件で、EUVを照射した。また、実施例1と同様の手法で、上記ペリクル膜についてのEUV照射部の変色の確認、EUV透過率、EUV透過率の安定性の評価を行った。
銅箔を準備し、当該銅箔上にCH4、H2、Arの混合ガスを用いてCVD法でグラフェン膜を作製した。得られたグラフェン膜上にPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)フィルムを積層した。当該積層体を希塩酸に浸し、銅箔を溶解除去した。その後、PETフィルムとグラフェンとの積層体を、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノールに浸漬させて、PETフィルムを溶解除去した。しかし、PETフィルム溶解中にグラフェン膜が破れてしまい、ペリクル膜が得られなかった。
この結果に基づけば、グラファイト膜からなるペリクル膜は、厚さを100nmとすれば、波長13.5nmの光、及び波長6.75nmの光のいずれの透過率も50%以上となり、EUVの照射効率が良好になることがわかる。
12 ペリクル膜
13 膜接着剤層
14 ペリクル枠
15 原版用接着剤層
16 通気孔
20、25 フィルター・ウィンドウ
31 EUV光源
32、35、36 多層膜ミラー
33 原版
34 感応基板
37 照明光学系
38 投影光学系
Claims (11)
- 波長550nmの光の屈折率nが1.9~5.0であるペリクル膜と、前記ペリクル膜が貼り付けられたペリクル枠と、を有するペリクルであって、
前記ペリクル膜は、組成中に炭素を30~100モル%、水素を0~30モル%含み、
前記ペリクル膜のラマンスペクトルにおける、2DバンドとGバンドとの強度比(2Dバンドの強度/Gバンドの強度)が1以下であるか、あるいは、2DバンドとGバンドの強度がそれぞれ0である、ペリクル。 - 前記ペリクル膜が、さらにSi、B、N、O、Y、Zr、Nb、及びMoからなる群から選択される第3成分を0~70モル%含み、かつ、前記炭素、前記水素、及び前記第3成分の合計は98モル%以上である請求項1に記載のペリクル。
- 前記第3成分としてSiを40~60%含む請求項2に記載のペリクル。
- 前記ペリクル膜は多結晶炭化ケイ素膜を含み、かつ前記ペリクル膜の密度が3.0~5.0g/cm3の範囲にある、請求項2または3に記載のペリクル。
- 前記ペリクル膜は、ダイヤモンドライクカーボン膜、アモルファスカーボン膜、グラファイト膜、及び炭化ケイ素膜からなる群から選ばれる一種以上の膜を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペリクル。
- 前記ペリクル膜の厚さが、10~120nmである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のペリクル。
- 前記ペリクル膜が、高分子フィルムに高いエネルギーを与えて得られたものである、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のペリクル。
- 前記高分子フィルムが、ポリイミドフィルムである、請求項7に記載のペリクル。
- EUV光源と、光学系と、原版とを有するEUV露光装置であって、
前記原版に、前記EUV光源からの光が前記光学系を介して導かれ、
前記原版の光入射面に、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のペリクルが設置されている、EUV露光装置。 - 原版と、前記原版に装着された請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のペリクルとを含む露光原版。
- EUV光源から、請求項10に記載の露光原版の前記ペリクル膜を通過させて、前記原版にEUVを照射するステップと、
前記原版が反射したEUVを、前記ペリクル膜を通過させて感応基板に照射し、感応基板をパターン状に露光するステップと、
を含む露光方法。
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JPWO2014188710A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
US20160147141A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
US9703187B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
TW201502696A (zh) | 2015-01-16 |
TWI661263B (zh) | 2019-06-01 |
KR20150145256A (ko) | 2015-12-29 |
CN105229776B (zh) | 2019-05-03 |
JP6364404B2 (ja) | 2018-07-25 |
KR101707763B1 (ko) | 2017-02-16 |
EP3007206A4 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
EP3007206A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
CN105229776A (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
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