WO2015178250A1 - ペリクル膜、ペリクル、露光原版、露光装置及び半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
ペリクル膜、ペリクル、露光原版、露光装置及び半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015178250A1 WO2015178250A1 PCT/JP2015/063634 JP2015063634W WO2015178250A1 WO 2015178250 A1 WO2015178250 A1 WO 2015178250A1 JP 2015063634 W JP2015063634 W JP 2015063634W WO 2015178250 A1 WO2015178250 A1 WO 2015178250A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/62—Pellicles, e.g. pellicle assemblies, e.g. having membrane on support frame; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/64—Pellicles, e.g. pellicle assemblies, e.g. having membrane on support frame; Preparation thereof characterised by the frames, e.g. structure or material, including bonding means therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/62—Pellicles, e.g. pellicle assemblies, e.g. having membrane on support frame; Preparation thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/028—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with photosensitivity-increasing substances, e.g. photoinitiators
- G03F7/029—Inorganic compounds; Onium compounds; Organic compounds having hetero atoms other than oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0387—Polyamides or polyimides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2004—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70008—Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources
- G03F7/70033—Production of exposure light, i.e. light sources by plasma extreme ultraviolet [EUV] sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70233—Optical aspects of catoptric systems, i.e. comprising only reflective elements, e.g. extreme ultraviolet [EUV] projection systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pellicle film, a pellicle having a pellicle film, an exposure original plate having a pellicle, an exposure apparatus having an exposure original plate, and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- EUV light has the property of being easily absorbed by any substance. Therefore, in photolithography using EUV light as exposure light (hereinafter also referred to as “EUV lithography”), exposure is performed using a reflective optical system. Specifically, the EUV light is reflected by the original plate reflecting the exposure pattern, and the resist is exposed by the EUV light as reflected light. At this time, if a foreign substance adheres to the original, the EUV light is absorbed by the foreign substance or the EUV light is scattered, so that a desired pattern may not be exposed. Thus, it has been studied to protect the EUV light irradiation surface of the original plate with a pellicle.
- the configuration of the pellicle is a configuration having a pellicle film for protecting the EUV light irradiation surface of the original plate, and a pellicle frame (support frame) that supports the pellicle film.
- the pellicle film used in EUV lithography is required to have high transparency to EUV light and not to be decomposed or deformed by irradiation with EUV light.
- a silicon crystal film such as a single crystal silicon film (for example, see References 1 and 2), an aluminum nitride film (see, for example, Reference 3) laminated on a metal mesh, a graphene film ( For example, refer to Document 4).
- the pellicle film When exposure light such as EUV light is irradiated on the pellicle film, a part of the energy is absorbed by the pellicle film. The energy of EUV light absorbed by the pellicle film is converted into heat through various relaxation processes. Therefore, the temperature of the pellicle film rises during exposure. Therefore, the pellicle film is required to have high heat dissipation and heat resistance.
- the single crystal silicon film described above has low heat dissipation and a low melting point. Therefore, there is a problem that the film is easily damaged when irradiated with EUV light. Furthermore, the single crystal silicon film has a drawback that the manufacturing process is complicated and expensive.
- the aluminum nitride film of Document 3 has a problem that the EUV transmittance is low and it is not suitable for lithography applications that require high EUV transmittance.
- the graphene film of Document 4 is an aggregate of crystals with a small size (usually about 100 nm to 1000 nm), but the film is brittle, the film has insufficient durability, and a self-supporting film cannot be obtained. There is. In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain sufficient strength even when a large number of such graphene films are stacked.
- ⁇ 1> It has a film made of an organic material and an inorganic material, and there are a region containing the organic material and a region made of an inorganic material on the same plane of the film, and at least the central portion of the film is inorganic.
- a pellicle film which is a region made of a system material, and at least a peripheral edge of the film is a region containing an organic material.
- the organic material is a polyimide compound, polyacrylonitrile compound, polyisocyanate compound, polyamide compound, heteroaromatic ring compound, polyphenylene resin, polyether resin, liquid crystal polymer resin, polyparaxylylene resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin.
- ⁇ 5> The pellicle film according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the organic material has an aromatic ring equivalent of 3 mmol / g to 15 mmol / g.
- ⁇ 6> The pellicle film according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the organic material is a polyimide compound.
- the polyimide compound is an aromatic polyimide containing a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1).
- a pellicle comprising the pellicle film according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 9>, and a support frame that supports the pellicle film.
- An exposure original plate comprising an original plate and the pellicle according to any one of ⁇ 10> to ⁇ 12> mounted on the original plate.
- ⁇ 14> An exposure apparatus having the exposure original plate described in ⁇ 13>.
- ⁇ 15> a light source that emits exposure light; an exposure original plate according to ⁇ 13>; and an optical system that guides the exposure light emitted from the light source to the exposure original plate, wherein the exposure original plate is the light source
- the exposure apparatus according to ⁇ 15>, wherein the exposure light is EUV light.
- ⁇ 17> The step of causing the exposure light emitted from the light source to pass through the pellicle film of the exposure original plate described in ⁇ 13>, irradiating the original plate, and reflecting the original light, and the exposure light reflected by the original plate Irradiating the sensitive substrate through the pellicle film and exposing the sensitive substrate in a pattern, thereby manufacturing the semiconductor device.
- ⁇ 18> The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to ⁇ 17>, wherein the exposure light is EUV light.
- membrane which is excellent in EUV permeability
- a pellicle having the pellicle film, an exposure original plate having the pellicle, and an exposure apparatus having the exposure original plate can be provided.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using the pellicle film can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view showing a pellicle film 12 of this embodiment.
- the pellicle film 12 has a film 1 made of an organic material and an inorganic material, and a region 2 containing an organic material and a region 3 made of an inorganic material exist on the same plane of the film 1, and at least the film 1 Is a region 3 made of an inorganic material, and at least the peripheral edge of the film 1 is a region 2 containing an organic material.
- the pellicle film of the present embodiment is particularly suitable for producing a pellicle for lithography using exposure light having a short wavelength (for example, EUV light, light having a shorter wavelength than EUV light, etc.).
- a short wavelength for example, EUV light, light having a shorter wavelength than EUV light, etc.
- EUV (Extreme Ultra Violet) light refers to light having a wavelength of 5 nm to 30 nm.
- the wavelength of EUV light is preferably 5 nm or more and 13.5 nm or less.
- EUV light and light having a shorter wavelength than EUV light are collectively referred to as “EUV light or the like”.
- the film 1 has a region 2 containing an organic material and a region 3 made of an inorganic material on the same plane, the central portion of the film 1 is a region 3 made of an inorganic material, and the periphery of the film 1 The end is a region 2 containing an organic material. Since the central portion of the film 1 is the region 3 made of an inorganic material, the pellicle film 12 having the film 1 is excellent in EUV transmittance and durability, and the transmittance even when irradiated with EUV light for a long time. Does not change.
- the pellicle film in which the peripheral edge of the film is a region made of an inorganic material is fragile and difficult to stand by itself, but the pellicle film 12 in which the peripheral edge of the film 1 is a region 2 containing an organic material is self-supporting.
- self-supporting means that the film shape can be maintained independently.
- the region 3 made of an inorganic material that is the central portion of the film 1 has a larger area than the exposure area obtained by irradiating the film with exposure light in the lithography process.
- the size of the region 3 is not particularly limited, but is preferably a region of 100 mm to 110 mm in the horizontal direction and 130 mm to 144 mm in the vertical direction, except for a region of about 1 mm to 2 mm from the peripheral edge.
- the shape of the region 3 is not particularly limited, and may be an ellipse, a circle, a rectangle, a square, or the like, or a shape combining straight lines and curves.
- the region including the organic material present at the peripheral edge of the film may include a material other than the organic material (for example, an inorganic material).
- the content of the organic material in the region including the organic material is preferably 50% by mass or more based on the total mass of the region, It is more preferably 70% by mass or more, and further preferably 90% by mass or more. Further, the content of the organic material in the region including the organic material is particularly preferably 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the region, that is, the region including the organic material is made of the organic material. A region is particularly preferred.
- the organic material may be an organic material containing carbon.
- an organic type material what carbonizes by giving high energy is preferable.
- the organic material in the region where the energy is applied is carbonized, and the region including the organic material on the same plane (the energy is applied).
- a region not formed) and a region made of an inorganic material (a region to which energy is applied) can be provided.
- the organic material it is preferable that at least one of the glass transition temperature and the melting point is 150 ° C. or higher. Moreover, as for an organic type material, it is more preferable that at least one of a glass transition temperature and melting
- the EUV light absorbed by the pellicle film may be converted into heat and temporarily reach a temperature of 250 ° C. or higher.
- the flow and deformation of the pellicle film due to the generated heat can be suitably suppressed. Therefore, it can suppress suitably that a wrinkle arises in a EUV light irradiation area
- FIG. 2 shows transmission of EUV light with an irradiation intensity of 5 W / cm 2.
- 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the pellicle film and the elapsed time when a pellicle film having a rate of 90%, a film thickness of 20 nm, and a radiation rate of 0.01 is irradiated for 10 msec. This graph is calculated on the assumption that all the EUV light absorbed by the pellicle film is changed to heat. As shown in FIG. 2, the temperature of the pellicle film rises to 450 ° C.
- the pellicle film preferably has high heat resistance.
- the melting point and glass transition temperature may be measured by a method based on JIS K7121 (1987) using, for example, a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC-7 model manufactured by Perkin Elmer), and the rate of temperature increase is 10 ° C. / Just minutes.
- the organic material having at least one of glass transition temperature and melting point of 150 ° C. or higher is not particularly limited.
- aromatic polyimide, linear aliphatic polyimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfone, polyphenylene ether, polyether examples include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of sulfone, polyether ether ketone, liquid crystal polymer, polyethylene terephthalate, aromatic polyamide, parylene, polyacrylonitrile, and a polymer compound containing a heteroaromatic ring.
- the organic material is preferably a resin that does not undergo a decomposition reaction upon irradiation with EUV light.
- a chain polymer that does not include tertiary carbon a cross-linked product of a chain polymer that does not include tertiary carbon, and tertiary It is preferably any one of polymers in which three aromatic rings are directly bonded to carbon.
- Cross-linked polymer of chain polymer not containing tertiary carbon means a cross-linked product of “chain polymer not containing tertiary carbon”, and as a result of crosslinking, tertiary carbon is included.
- a cross-linked product of a chain polymer is also included.
- a chain polymer that does not contain tertiary carbon can suppress a crosslinking reaction or a decomposition reaction due to ionic species, radical species, or excited species as compared with a chain polymer containing tertiary carbon.
- a C—C bond containing a tertiary carbon formed by crosslinking a chain polymer not containing a tertiary carbon or a tertiary carbon directly bonded to three aromatic rings is a chain polymer containing a tertiary carbon. Compared with the C—C bond, crosslinking reaction and decomposition reaction are less likely to occur.
- the organic material more preferably contains a conjugated structure such as an aromatic ring or an imide ring in the molecule.
- a conjugated structure such as an aromatic ring or an imide ring in the molecule.
- An organic material including a conjugated structure in the molecule forming the pellicle film can change to a stable carbon structure when a crosslinking reaction occurs due to the energy or heat of the absorbed ionizing radiation.
- the aromatic ring equivalent of the organic material is preferably 3 mmol / g or more and 15 mmol / g or less, more preferably 5 mmol / g or more and 12 mmol / g or less. More preferably, it is 7 mmol / g or more and 10 mmol / g or less.
- Organic materials include polyimide compounds, polyacrylonitrile compounds, polyisocyanate compounds, polyamide compounds, heteroaromatic ring compounds, polyphenylene resins, polyether resins, liquid crystal polymer resins, polyparaxylylene resins, phenol resins, epoxy resins, and furan resins. It is preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of By using these compounds to form a region containing an organic material at the peripheral edge of the film, the pellicle film can be suitably provided with self-supporting properties. Furthermore, it is possible to carbonize suitably by giving high energy to the organic material, and a film having a region made of an inorganic material containing carbon (carbon material) and a region containing an organic material exists. A pellicle film having the same can be suitably manufactured.
- the organic material is more preferably a polyimide compound.
- the pellicle membrane can be more suitably provided with self-supporting properties.
- the polyimide compound is preferably an aromatic polyimide.
- aromatic polyimides a polyimide that undergoes a crosslinking reaction without causing a decomposition reaction when heated to 600 ° C. or higher or irradiated with ionizing radiation is desirable. From the viewpoint of suppressing the decomposition reaction of the polymer film (film composed of an organic material), it is more preferable that the molecular structure forming the polymer film does not contain tertiary carbon or fluorine atoms.
- a polyimide having a rigid and linear molecular structure and spontaneously aligning molecular chains in the plane is desirable.
- Polyimide having a rigid and linear molecular structure is spontaneously oriented in the plane in the process of forming a polyimide thin film (a film made of polyimide).
- energy such as heat and ionizing radiation
- the carbonization reaction proceeds while maintaining the orientation, so that the carbonized polyimide film has excellent film strength.
- Examples of the compound for forming an aromatic polyimide having a rigid and linear molecular structure include, for example, pyromellitic anhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid diacid in acid anhydrides. An anhydride etc. are mentioned.
- the diamine is preferably a compound having a substituent at the para position with respect to the aromatic ring. For example, p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'- And diaminodiphenyl sulfone.
- the polyimide composed of the above acid anhydride and diamine has a rigid and linear molecular structure, and by using these, a polyimide thin film with spontaneous in-plane orientation can be obtained.
- the birefringence in the thickness direction of the polyimide film is preferably 0.05 or more, and more preferably 0.1 or more.
- a known phase difference measuring device may be used. For example, ABR-10A, ABR-22, ABR-30 manufactured by UNIOPTO CORPORATION may be used.
- the polyimide compound is more preferably an aromatic polyimide containing a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1).
- A is m-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3, 3'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,3-bis (3-aminophenoxy And a divalent group derived from an aromatic diamine selected from the group consisting of benzene, 1,3-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, and 4,4′-bis (3-aminophenoxy) biphenyl.
- B is pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4-biphenyl-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′ , 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride, and 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride A tetravalent group derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the aromatic polyimide is a divalent group derived from another diamine other than the group derived from the aromatic diamine, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride as long as the desired physical properties are not impaired.
- One or more tetravalent groups derived from other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the group derived from may be contained.
- the polyimide compound is preferably formed by a reaction between an acid anhydride and a diamine.
- the specific structure of the acid anhydride for forming the polyimide compound is as follows.
- diamine for forming the polyimide compound is as follows.
- the pellicle film of this embodiment may have a single layer structure, that is, a structure composed of a single film, or a structure composed of two or more layers.
- the pellicle film may have a layer made of an inorganic material on at least one side of the film. Examples of the layer made of an inorganic material include an antioxidant layer.
- an antioxidant layer may be laminated on at least one side of the film.
- the antioxidant layer is laminated on the film, oxidation of the pellicle film during EUV light irradiation or pellicle storage is suppressed.
- the type of the antioxidant layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a layer made of a material stable to EUV light.
- the thickness of the antioxidant layer is preferably about 1 nm to 10 nm, and more preferably about 2 nm to 5 nm.
- the ratio of the thickness of the antioxidant layer to the thickness of the pellicle film is preferably in the range of 0.03 to 1.0. If it is the said numerical range, it can suppress that EUV light is absorbed by an antioxidant layer, and can suppress the fall of the transmittance
- EUV light may be reflected at the newly formed layer interface, that is, the interface between the anti-oxidation layer and the air, and the interface between the anti-oxidation layer and the pellicle film, and the transmittance may decrease There is.
- the reflectance of EUV light at the interface between these layers can be calculated according to the thickness of the pellicle film and the antioxidant layer, and the type of elements constituting the pellicle film and the antioxidant layer. Then, the reflectance can be lowered by optimizing the film thickness in the same manner as the principle of the antireflection film.
- the thickness of the antioxidant layer be an optimum thickness as long as the EUV light transmittance decrease due to absorption and the EUV light transmittance decrease due to reflection are suppressed and the antioxidant performance is maintained.
- the thickness uniformity and surface roughness of the antioxidant layer are not particularly limited.
- the antioxidant layer is either a continuous layer or a sea-island shape.
- the film thickness may be non-uniform or the surface may be rough.
- the average refractive index of the pellicle film including the pellicle film and the antioxidant layer is preferably in the range of 1.9 to 5.0.
- the refractive index can be measured by a technique such as spectroscopic ellipsometry.
- the average density of the pellicle film including the pellicle film and the antioxidant layer is desirably in the range of 1.5 g / cm 3 to 5.0 g / cm 3 .
- the density can be measured by a technique such as an X-ray reflection method.
- the thickness of the pellicle film (when it is composed of two or more layers) can be, for example, 10 nm to 200 nm, preferably 10 nm to 100 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 70 nm, and particularly preferably 10 nm to 50 nm.
- the inorganic material is preferably a carbon material.
- a carbon material for example, amorphous carbon and graphite are preferable.
- the structure of the region made of the carbon-based material may not be a structure in which six-membered ring linked bodies are regularly arranged in the c-axis direction as in a graphite structure described later. That is, it may be an amorphous carbon structure having an X-ray diffraction pattern different from the graphite structure.
- sp 2 bonds In addition to sp 2 bonds, sp 3 bonds are included, and in addition to carbon and hydrogen, third component elements such as oxygen and nitrogen may be included.
- Graphite is made of, for example, carbon only, and the refractive index of light having a wavelength of 550 nm is 2.0 to 3.0.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the crystal structure of graphite.
- the graphite crystal has a structure in which a large number of sp 2 carbon atom six-membered rings are stacked in the c-axis direction.
- a graphene laminate or the like in which the linked body is not regularly arranged in the c-axis direction is included in graphite. Absent.
- Part of the graphite may contain nitrogen, silicon, sp 3 carbon atoms, and the like.
- the graphite may have a single crystal structure or a polycrystalline structure.
- Single crystal graphite is preferred because of its high strength and high thermal conductivity.
- graphite having a polycrystalline structure is easy to manufacture and is preferable in terms of cost.
- the graphite mosaic spread is preferably 5.0 or less, more preferably 0.1 or more and 3.0 or less, and further preferably 0.1 or more and 1.0 or less.
- Mosaic spread is an index indicating the orientation of crystallites in graphite in the c-axis direction. The smaller the value of the mosaic spread, the higher the orientation in the c-axis direction.
- the value of the mosaic spread is large; that is, when the orientation of the crystallites in the graphite is low in the c-axis direction, it is difficult to regularly arrange six-membered rings in the c-axis direction, and the graphite tends to be brittle.
- a mosaic spread of 0.3 ° indicates that the deviation of the c-axis from the direction perpendicular to the six-membered ring (plate surface) is within ⁇ 0.6 ° (carbon terminology encyclopedia) , Carbon Materials Association Carbon Terminology Editorial Committee, Junichi Yasuda, Kazuo Kobayashi, Agne Jofusha, 2000).
- the mosaic spread is adjusted by the temperature and pressure in the firing process when the region made of graphite is produced.
- Mosaic spread is measured by the following procedure with an X-ray diffractometer.
- the counter (2 ⁇ axis) of the X-ray diffractometer is fixed at a position where the X-ray diffraction line on the (002) plane of the plate-like graphite shows a peak.
- the intensity function sample azimuth angle dependency curve of (002) plane diffraction line peak intensity
- a half value of the peak intensity is obtained from the obtained intensity function, and this is used as a mosaic spread.
- a region made of a carbon-based material such as amorphous carbon or graphite can be formed by carbonizing by applying high energy to a region containing an organic material. Therefore, by applying high energy to the center of a film containing an organic material (preferably a film made of an organic material), the organic material in the region where the energy is applied is carbonized, and the center of the film is inorganic.
- a pellicle film which is a region made of a carbon-based material (carbon-based material), can be manufactured.
- the region where high energy is not given in the film is a region containing an organic material, and if at least the peripheral edge of the film is a region containing an organic material, a pellicle film having self-supporting property is manufactured. Can do.
- the region made of graphite is preferably highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) which is formed by the above-described method and then re-annealed at a high temperature for a long time while applying pressure.
- HOPG highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
- Amorphous carbon is preferable as the carbon-based material from the viewpoint of ease of production (for example, a region made of a carbon-based material can be formed at a lower temperature).
- the method for producing a pellicle film according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but an example of producing a pellicle film is shown below.
- a sacrificial layer is stacked on a substrate, and a film containing an organic material (preferably a film made of an organic material.
- the film may be a film) is formed on the substrate, and then later.
- a free-standing film can be obtained by removing the sacrificial layer.
- the sacrificial layer can be removed by a specific treatment method such as a metal, an oxide film, a resin, or a salt.
- the sacrificial layer can be a metal such as aluminum that dissolves in an acidic solution.
- a metal layer is laminated on the surface of a glass substrate or silicon wafer by vapor deposition or sputtering, and a film is further laminated on the metal layer, and then immersed in a solution that can dissolve the metal layer such as an acidic solution.
- a solution that can dissolve the metal layer such as an acidic solution.
- the film containing an organic material is coated on the natural oxide film or silicon oxide layer on the silicon wafer and then immersed in a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution. By removing the natural oxide film and the silicon oxide layer, the film can be peeled off from the substrate.
- the sacrificial layer laminated on the substrate may be a water-soluble material such as a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol resin or a salt such as sodium chloride.
- characteristics such as process resistance, film strength, sacrificial layer removal speed, sacrificial layer thickness uniformity and surface roughness of the film containing organic materials Depending on the, the most appropriate arbitrary method can be selected.
- Method of etching or dissolving the substrate If the material of the substrate can be removed by a specific treatment method such as metal, oxide film, resin, salt, etc., the substrate is etched or dissolved after a film containing an organic material is laminated on the substrate By doing so, a film can be obtained.
- the substrate when copper foil is used as the substrate, after laminating a film containing an organic material on the copper foil surface, the substrate is removed by etching the copper foil substrate by immersing in a cupric chloride etchant, A membrane can be obtained.
- the substrate is a glass substrate
- the glass substrate after laminating a film containing an organic material on the glass substrate, the glass substrate can be etched using hydrofluoric acid to remove the substrate to obtain a film.
- the silicon wafer is etched by wet etching or dry etching to remove the silicon wafer, thereby obtaining a film.
- an etchant such as KOH, TMAH, or hydrazine can be used.
- an etching gas such as fluorine (SF 6 , CF 4 , NF 3 , PF 5 , BF 3 , CHF 3 , XeF 2 ), chlorine (Cl 2 , SiCl 4 ), bromine (IBr), or the like is used. be able to. Since the wet etching rate changes depending on the temperature, it is preferable to lower the liquid temperature and lower the etching rate in order to perform etching so as not to damage the thin film containing the organic material on the silicon wafer.
- a layer such as an etching stop layer may be provided in advance on the surface of the silicon substrate.
- the etching stop layer include a layer made of SiO 2 or SiN.
- the etching stop layer is preferably composed of a film that generates tensile stress. Residual stress acting in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate and thin film includes tensile stress and compressive stress. When a force is applied to expand the thin film inside the thin film, it becomes a tensile stress. On the other hand, when a force is applied to shrink the thin film inside the thin film, it becomes a compressive stress. These stresses are mainly generated in the process of forming a thin film.
- One factor causing residual stress is the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the substrate and the thin film.
- both the substrate and the thin film shrink, but the rate differs depending on the coefficient of thermal expansion. If the coefficient of thermal expansion of the thin film is larger than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate, it becomes tensile stress, and vice versa.
- a film in which tensile stress is generated is preferable because tension is applied to a film containing an organic material provided over the film, so that a film having no wrinkles can be formed. Since a layer made of SiN generates a tensile stress, a film containing an organic material obtained by dry etching a silicon wafer can be made a film having no defects. The target free-standing film can be obtained by removing the etching stop layer after the dry etching of the silicon wafer is completed.
- the substrate is made of a salt such as sodium chloride
- a film containing an organic material is laminated on the surface of the substrate, and then immersed in water to etch the substrate and remove the substrate to obtain a film.
- the substrate is a plastic substrate
- a film containing an organic material is laminated on the surface of the plastic substrate, and then the plastic substrate is immersed in a soluble solvent, whereby the plastic substrate can be dissolved to obtain a film.
- a film containing an organic material After obtaining a film containing an organic material, high energy is applied to the center of this film to carbonize the organic material in the region where the energy is applied, and the center of the film is an inorganic material (carbon-based material). ), And a pellicle film in which the peripheral edge of the film is an area containing an organic material can be manufactured.
- Method of pre-processing so that the surface of the substrate can be easily peeled off By subjecting the substrate to surface treatment, the interaction between the film containing the organic material and the substrate surface can be controlled, and the film can be easily peeled off from the substrate by immersion in a solvent or a mechanical peeling process.
- a method for controlling the interaction between the film containing an organic material and the substrate surface for example, a surface treatment method using a silane coupling agent can be given.
- a solution used in the RCA cleaning method such as a mixed solution of hydrogen peroxide solution and ammonium hydroxide or a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution can be used.
- the sacrificial layer formation and surface treatment on the substrate may be used in combination with a method of etching or dissolving the substrate.
- the material used for the sacrificial layer and the surface treatment is desirably a substance that hardly remains on the surface or inside of the film containing an organic material and can be removed by an easy method. For example, there are etching by gas, evaporation by heat, washing with a solvent, decomposition and removal by light, etc., and these may be combined for removal.
- a method for forming a region made of a carbon-based material for example, a polyimide compound, a polyacrylonitrile compound, a polyisocyanate compound, a polyamide compound, a heteroaromatic ring compound, a polyphenylene resin, a polyether resin, a liquid crystal polymer resin, a polyparaxylylene resin,
- Examples thereof include a method of applying high energy to a polymer film containing a compound such as a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, or a furan resin to convert the polymer film into a film having a region made of a carbon-based material.
- the method of giving high energy is desirably a method of baking with high heat or a method of irradiating with radiation.
- Examples of the method of baking at high heat include a method of heating using a high-temperature heating furnace, and a method of heating the film by irradiating the film with laser such as ultraviolet rays and visible light, or infrared rays. From the viewpoint of holding a region containing an organic material at the peripheral edge of the film and locally heating the film, a method of heating the film by irradiating the film with a laser such as ultraviolet rays or visible light, or infrared rays is preferable. .
- Examples of radiation to be irradiated include EUV light, X-ray, ⁇ -ray, electron beam, neutron beam, ion beam (heavy charged particle beam) and the like, and it is particularly preferable to use EUV light.
- EUV light When radiation is radiated to the polymer film, the radiation interacts with the material constituting the film, and energy is imparted to atoms in the film. With this energy, atoms are excited, ionized, secondary electrons are emitted, and various chemical reactions occur. As a result, the organic material in the high energy region of the polymer film is carbonized to obtain a film having a region made of a carbon material.
- the carbonization of the polymer film is preferably performed by irradiating the polymer film with EUV light and heating to a temperature of 600 ° C to 1000 ° C. Thereby, the structure of the region irradiated with EUV light is changed, and the carbonization of the polymer film proceeds, so that a region made of a carbon-based material, particularly a region made of amorphous carbon can be suitably formed.
- Carbonization of the polymer film may be performed at any stage of the pellicle manufacturing process. For example, carbonization may be performed immediately after the polymer film is applied on the antioxidant layer, and carbonization is performed either after the polymer film is laminated on the substrate or after the polymer film is peeled from the substrate. May be performed. Carbonization may be performed in a state where the polymer film is fixed to the support frame.
- the carbonized region of the polymer film corresponds to the region to which energy is applied.
- the region excluding the peripheral end portion is a region to which energy is applied.
- a region of 100 mm to 110 mm in the horizontal direction and 130 mm to 144 mm in the vertical direction may be carbonized except for a region of about 1 mm to 2 mm from the peripheral edge of the polymer film.
- the shape of the carbonized region of the polymer film is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an ellipse, a circle, a rectangle, a square, and the like, and a shape combining straight lines and curves may be used.
- the structure of the region made of a carbon-based material can be examined using a measurement method such as Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), or X-ray diffraction.
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- X-ray diffraction X-ray diffraction
- the progress of carbonization can be estimated by using both Raman measurement and FT-IR measurement. For example, when peaks characteristic of polyimide disappeared in FT-IR spectrum, and the disappearance of the broad fluorescence peak in the Raman spectra, in which the appearance of a peak at about 900 cm -1 ⁇ 1800 cm -1, were observed, It can be considered that the polyimide in the film is carbonized.
- the Raman measurement for example, it can be determined whether the region made of the carbon-based material has a graphite structure or an amorphous carbon structure.
- the graphite structure a substantially single sharp peak is observed in the vicinity of 1580 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the structure of the carbon-based material is disturbed, and the peak intensity in the vicinity of 1360 cm ⁇ 1 increases as it approaches amorphous, and the peak becomes broad.
- the polymer film has an amorphous carbon structure that is suitably formed by heating the polymer film to a temperature of 600 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- the structure of amorphous carbon, the ratio of the peak intensity of 1360 cm -1 to the peak intensity of 1580 cm -1 in the Raman spectrum is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.3 or more.
- a pellicle film having a film made of a carbon-based material at least in the center of the film has both heat dissipation and heat resistance, and is less likely to be damaged during EUV lithography.
- the conventional pellicle film made of single crystal silicon has a low heat dissipation property and has a problem that it is easily deformed or damaged due to thermal damage during EUV light irradiation, while the central portion of the film is made of a carbon-based material.
- the original plate can be reliably protected.
- the pellicle film hereinafter, also referred to as “carbon film” made of a carbon-based material at the center of the film has both heat dissipation and heat resistance will be described below.
- the heat dissipation of the carbon film is mainly determined by (i) the radiation of the carbon film (energy release by infrared rays) and (ii) the thermal conductivity of the carbon film.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the “carbon film temperature T” and “carbon film emissivity ⁇ ” obtained from the above equation (1); in the graph, the EUV transmittance Tr of the carbon film is 80%.
- the EUV light irradiation intensity P is 100 W / cm 2 . As shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen that the higher the emissivity ⁇ of the carbon film, the lower the temperature T of the carbon film.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the “carbon film temperature T” and the “carbon film transmittance Tr” obtained from the above equation (1); 0.01, EUV light irradiation intensity P is 100 W / cm 2 .
- the transmittance Tr of the carbon film changes, the temperature T of the carbon film changes somewhat, but the amount of change is small. That is, the temperature T of the carbon film hardly depends on the EUV transmittance Tr of the carbon film, and greatly depends on the emissivity ⁇ of the carbon film.
- the infrared absorption of single crystal silicon which is a conventional pellicle film, is only absorption due to the stretching vibration mode of Si—Si bond, and the infrared absorption rate is low. Therefore, the single crystal silicon film has low radiation properties.
- the carbon-based material forming the carbon film has absorption derived from C—H bonds and strong absorption derived from sp 2 carbon bonds, and has a high infrared absorption rate. Therefore, the carbon film is highly radiant.
- the thermal conductivity of the pellicle film is determined by the thermal conductivity of the material forming the film.
- the thermal conductivity of single crystal silicon is 150 W / mK to 170 W / mK.
- the thermal conductivity of a graphite film which is an example of a carbon film, is 1000 W / mK to 5000 W / mK. That is, a pellicle film made of single crystal silicon has a low thermal conductivity, whereas a carbon film such as a graphite film has a high thermal conductivity.
- the single crystal silicon film which is a conventional pellicle film
- the carbon film of this embodiment is excellent in both (i) radiation and (ii) thermal conductivity. Therefore, it can be said that heat dissipation is very high.
- the heat resistance of the pellicle film is determined by the melting point of the material constituting the pellicle film.
- the melting point of carbon film such as graphite is 3600 ° C., whereas the melting point of single crystal silicon is 1410 ° C.
- a carbon film such as a graphite film has much better heat resistance than a pellicle film made of conventional single crystal silicon.
- the pellicle film of this embodiment preferably has high EUV light transmittance in a region made of an inorganic material; transmission of light used for EUV lithography (for example, light having a wavelength of 13.5 nm or light having a wavelength of 6.75 nm).
- the rate is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and further preferably 90% or more.
- the light transmittance of the film containing them is 50% or more.
- the light transmittance Tr of the pellicle film is measured by a photodiode. Specifically, from the current value (incident light intensity I 0 ) detected without the pellicle film and the current value (transmitted light intensity I) detected with the pellicle film installed, the following equation ( 2).
- the thickness of the pellicle film is preferably set in consideration of the light transmittance of the pellicle film, the infrared absorption rate of the pellicle film, the strength of the pellicle film, and the self-supporting property.
- the preferred thickness of the pellicle film is about 10 nm to 120 nm, and about 9 nm to 110 nm when a support material is provided.
- the pellicle film may have wrinkles as long as there is no reduction in transmission due to wrinkles, non-uniformity, or scattering.
- the density ⁇ in the formula (3) is a density specific to the substance constituting the pellicle film. Further, the mass extinction coefficient ⁇ in the above formula (3) is obtained as follows. If the photon energy is greater than about 30 eV and the photon energy is sufficiently away from the absorption edge of the atoms, the mass extinction coefficient ⁇ does not depend on the bonding state between the atoms. For example, the photon energy at a wavelength of 13.5 nm is in the vicinity of 92.5 eV, and is sufficiently away from the absorption edge of atoms. Therefore, the mass absorption coefficient ⁇ does not depend on the bonding state between the atoms of the compound constituting the pellicle film.
- a preferable pellicle film thickness d can be set based on the desired EUV transmittance Tr.
- the direction and magnitude of the residual stress of the pellicle film can be measured by measuring the direction and magnitude of the warp of the formed substrate.
- the direction and size of the warped substrate can be measured using, for example, a displacement measuring device that uses laser light.
- a three-dimensional shape measuring device (NH-3SP Mitaka Optical Co., Ltd.) It can measure using.
- the magnitude of the residual stress of the pellicle film is desirably 1 GPa or less, more desirably 0.5 GPa or less, and further desirably 0.2 GPa or less.
- the residual stress is preferably a tensile stress.
- the direction of the residual stress is the tensile direction, tension is applied to the film, so that a self-supporting film free from wrinkles can be obtained.
- the direction of the residual stress is the compression direction, wrinkles are generated because a compressive force is applied to the film.
- the EUV resistance can be evaluated by irradiating the pellicle film with EUV light and performing various analyzes on the irradiated portion and the unirradiated portion.
- composition analysis methods such as XPS measurement, EDS analysis, RBS, structural analysis methods such as XPS, EELS, IR measurement and Raman spectroscopy, film thickness evaluation methods such as ellipsometry, interference spectroscopy, X-ray reflection method, etc.
- appearance and surface shape evaluation methods such as microscopic observation, SEM observation, and AFM observation can be used. The heat dissipation can be examined in more detail by combining analysis results by computer simulation.
- the pellicle film not only EUV light, but also appropriate methods such as vacuum ultraviolet irradiation, ultraviolet-visible light irradiation, infrared irradiation, electron beam irradiation, plasma irradiation, heat treatment, etc. are selected to evaluate the resistance of the pellicle film. May be implemented.
- evaluation of film strength of pellicle film As a method for evaluating the strength of the pellicle film on the substrate, there is an evaluation method using a nanoindenter. As a method for evaluating the strength of the self-supporting film, a resonance method, a bulge test method, a method for evaluating the presence or absence of film breakage by air blow, a method for evaluating the presence or absence of film breakage by a vibration test, and the like can be used.
- the pellicle of this embodiment includes the pellicle film of this embodiment and a support material that supports the pellicle film. Since the pellicle of this embodiment includes the pellicle film of this embodiment, the same effect as the pellicle film of this embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the pellicle 10 of this embodiment.
- the pellicle 10 is configured by adhering a pellicle film 12 and a support frame 14 via a film adhesive layer 13.
- the support frame 14 has a vent hole 16 and an original adhesive layer 15. Is formed.
- the support frame (pellicle frame) 14 is for supporting the pellicle film 12. Moreover, it is preferable that the part supported by the support frame 14 of the pellicle film 12 of this embodiment is a region containing an organic material. Thereby, the region including the organic material of the pellicle film 12 is fixed to the portion supported by the support frame 14, and when the exposure light is irradiated, the transmitted light is transmitted through the region made of the inorganic material. it can.
- the material, shape, and the like of the support frame are not particularly limited as long as the pellicle film of this embodiment can be supported through a film adhesive layer or the like.
- the support frame for example, a frame made of aluminum, stainless steel, polyethylene, or ceramics may be used.
- the support frame 14 has a region surrounded by the pellicle 10 and the original plate (not shown) and a vent hole 16 for making the air pressure inside the EUV exposure apparatus constant. Is preferred. Since exposure with EUV light is performed in a vacuum environment (reduced pressure environment), if the atmospheric pressure during exposure is not uniform, the pellicle film 12 may expand or contract due to a pressure difference or may be damaged.
- a filter is preferably disposed in the vent hole 16 so that foreign matter does not enter a region surrounded by the pellicle 10 and the original plate.
- the filter include an ULPA (Ultra Low Low Penetration Air) filter and a metal mesh.
- the support frame 14 may be colored in a range that does not hinder exposure so as to be easily inspected.
- the procedure and method for fixing the pellicle membrane to the support frame are not particularly limited.
- an etched substrate may be used as a part of the support frame.
- a pellicle film may be laminated on a substrate that can be removed by a specific processing method, such as metal, silicon wafer, glass, resin, salt, etc.
- a mask may be provided in accordance with the size of the frame, and etching or dissolution may be performed while leaving the mask shape.
- a pellicle using a part of the substrate as a support frame can be obtained.
- the trimming method for matching the substrate shape with the frame shape is not particularly limited. When a silicon wafer is used, a method of mechanically breaking the wafer or a laser trimming method can be used.
- the film adhesive layer 13 is a layer that bonds the support frame 14 and the pellicle film 12 together.
- the film adhesive layer 13 may be a layer made of, for example, an acrylic resin adhesive, an epoxy resin adhesive, a polyimide resin adhesive, a silicone resin adhesive, an inorganic adhesive, or the like. From the viewpoint of maintaining the degree of vacuum during EUV exposure, it is preferable that the film adhesive layer 13 has less outgas.
- an outgas evaluation method for example, a temperature-programmed desorption gas analyzer can be used.
- the method for fixing the pellicle film to the support frame is not particularly limited, and the pellicle film may be directly attached to the support frame, or may be provided via a film adhesive layer on one end surface of the support frame.
- the pellicle film and the support frame may be fixed by using a method of fixing to the substrate or an attractive force of a magnet or the like.
- a method of fixing to the substrate or an attractive force of a magnet or the like for example, a method of evaluating the presence or absence of film tearing or peeling by air blow by changing pressure, area, distance, and angle, or a film by vibration test by changing acceleration and amplitude
- a method for evaluating the presence or absence of tearing or peeling can be used.
- the original adhesive layer 15 is a layer that bonds the support frame 14 and the original. As shown in FIG. 6, the original adhesive layer 15 is provided at the end of the support frame 14 on the side where the pellicle film 12 is not fixed.
- the original adhesive layer 15 is, for example, a double-sided adhesive tape, a silicone resin adhesive, an acrylic adhesive, a polyolefin adhesive, an inorganic adhesive, or the like. From the viewpoint of maintaining the degree of vacuum during EUV exposure, it is preferable that the adhesive layer 15 for the original plate has little outgas.
- an outgas evaluation method for example, a temperature-programmed desorption gas analyzer can be used.
- the film adhesive layer 13 and the original adhesive layer 15 are exposed to EUV light scattered in the EUV exposure apparatus, it is desirable to have EUV resistance. If the EUV resistance is low, the adhesiveness and strength of the adhesive deteriorate during EUV exposure, and problems such as peeling of the adhesive and generation of foreign matter occur inside the exposure apparatus.
- Resistance evaluation by EUV light irradiation includes, for example, XPS measurement, EDS analysis, composition analysis methods such as RBS, structural analysis methods such as XPS, EELS, IR measurement and Raman spectroscopy, ellipsometry, interference spectroscopy, X-ray reflection Film thickness evaluation methods such as a method, appearance and surface shape evaluation methods such as microscopic observation, SEM observation and AFM observation, strength and adhesion evaluation methods using a nanoindenter and a peel test, and the like can be used.
- the circuit pattern is accurately transferred. Therefore, it is necessary that the exposure light transmittance is substantially uniform in the exposure range.
- the pellicle film 12 of the present embodiment the pellicle 10 having a constant light transmittance in the exposure range can be obtained.
- the pellicle of the present invention is not only used as a protective member for suppressing foreign matter from adhering to the original plate in the EUV exposure apparatus, but also as a protective member for protecting the original plate during storage or transportation of the original plate. Also good.
- the pellicle is mounted on the original (exposure original), it can be stored as it is after being removed from the EUV exposure apparatus.
- a method of mounting the pellicle on the original plate there are a method of attaching with a bonding agent, an electrostatic adsorption method, a method of mechanically fixing, and the like.
- the pellicle film 22 forming the pellicle 20 may have an antioxidant layer 23 laminated on both surfaces of a film 21 in which a region containing an organic material and a region made of an inorganic material are present.
- the antioxidant layer 23 is laminated on the film 1, oxidation of the pellicle film 22 during EUV light irradiation or pellicle storage is suppressed.
- the antioxidant layer may be laminated only on one side of the film.
- the pellicle according to this embodiment may be a pellicle having a pellicle film including a film containing a polyimide compound (preferably a film made of a polyimide compound) and a support frame that supports the pellicle film.
- a polyimide compound preferably a film made of a polyimide compound
- a support frame that supports the pellicle film.
- the exposure original plate of the present embodiment includes an original plate and the pellicle of the present embodiment mounted on the original plate. Since the exposure original plate of this embodiment includes the pellicle of this embodiment, the same effects as the pellicle of this embodiment can be obtained.
- the method for attaching the original plate to the pellicle of this embodiment is not particularly limited.
- the original plate may be directly attached to the support frame 14 or may be passed through the original adhesive layer 15 on one end surface of the support frame 14, using a mechanical fixing method or an attractive force such as a magnet.
- the original plate and the support frame 14 may be fixed.
- an original including a support substrate, a reflective layer laminated on the support substrate, and an absorber layer formed on the reflective layer can be used.
- the absorber layer partially absorbs EUV light, whereby a desired image is formed on a sensitive substrate (for example, a semiconductor substrate with a photoresist film).
- the reflective layer can be a multilayer film of molybdenum (Mo) and silicon (Si).
- the absorber layer can be a material having high absorbability such as EUV light, such as chromium (Cr) or tantalum nitride.
- the exposure apparatus of this embodiment includes the exposure original plate of this embodiment. For this reason, there exists an effect similar to the exposure original plate of this embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus of the present embodiment includes a light source that emits exposure light (preferably EUV light or the like, more preferably EUV light; the same applies hereinafter), an exposure original plate of the present embodiment, and exposure light emitted from the light source. It is preferable that the exposure original plate is arranged so that the exposure light emitted from the light source passes through the pellicle film and is irradiated on the original plate. According to this aspect, in addition to being able to form a pattern (for example, a line width of 32 nm or less) miniaturized by EUV light or the like, even if EUV light that tends to cause a problem of resolution failure due to foreign matter is used, Pattern exposure with reduced resolution failure can be performed.
- a pattern for example, a line width of 32 nm or less
- the method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes a step of irradiating the original light with exposure light emitted from a light source through the pellicle film of the exposure original plate according to the present embodiment, and reflecting the original plate with the original plate, Exposing the sensitive substrate in a pattern by irradiating the sensitive substrate with the exposure light reflected by the light through the pellicle film.
- a semiconductor device in which the resolution failure due to foreign matter is reduced can be manufactured even when EUV light, which is likely to cause a resolution failure due to foreign matter, is used. .
- FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of an EUV exposure apparatus 800 which is an example of the exposure apparatus of the present embodiment.
- the EUV exposure apparatus 800 includes a light source 831 that emits EUV light, an exposure original 850 that is an example of an exposure original according to the present embodiment, and an EUV light emitted from the light source 831.
- the exposure original plate 850 includes a pellicle 810 including a pellicle film 812 and a support frame 814, and an original plate 833.
- the exposure original plate 850 is arranged such that EUV light emitted from the light source 831 passes through the pellicle film 812 and is irradiated onto the original plate 833.
- the original 833 reflects the irradiated EUV light in a pattern.
- the support frame 814 and the pellicle 810 are examples of the support frame and the pellicle of the present embodiment, respectively.
- filter windows 820 and 825 are installed between the light source 831 and the illumination optical system 837 and between the illumination optical system 837 and the original 833, respectively. Further, the EUV exposure apparatus 800 includes a projection optical system 838 that guides the EUV light reflected by the original 833 to the sensitive substrate 834.
- the EUV light reflected by the original 833 is guided onto the sensitive substrate 834 through the projection optical system 838, and the sensitive substrate 834 is exposed in a pattern. Note that exposure by EUV is performed under reduced pressure conditions.
- the EUV light source 831 emits EUV light toward the illumination optical system 837.
- the EUV light source 831 includes a target material, a pulse laser irradiation unit, and the like. EUV is obtained by irradiating this target material with a pulse laser to generate plasma.
- EUV is obtained by irradiating this target material with a pulse laser to generate plasma.
- the target material is Xe
- EUV with a wavelength of 13 nm to 14 nm is obtained.
- the wavelength of light emitted from the EUV light source is not limited to 13 nm to 14 nm, and may be light having a wavelength suitable for the purpose within a wavelength range of 5 nm to 30 nm.
- the illumination optical system 837 collects the light emitted from the EUV light source 831, makes the illuminance uniform, and irradiates the original 833.
- the illumination optical system 837 includes a plurality of multilayer mirrors 832 for adjusting the EUV optical path, an optical coupler (optical integrator), and the like.
- the multilayer film mirror is a multilayer film in which molybdenum (Mo) and silicon (Si) are alternately stacked.
- the method for attaching the filter windows 820 and 825 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of attaching via an adhesive or the like, and a method of mechanically fixing in the EUV exposure apparatus.
- the filter window 820 disposed between the light source 831 and the illumination optical system 837 captures scattered particles (debris) generated from the light source, and the scattered particles (debris) are elements inside the illumination optical system 837 (for example, a multilayer film). Avoid sticking to the mirror 832).
- the filter window 825 disposed between the illumination optical system 837 and the original 833 captures particles (debris) scattered from the light source 831 side and prevents the scattered particles (debris) from adhering to the original 833. .
- the foreign matter adhering to the original plate absorbs or scatters EUV light, which causes poor resolution on the wafer. Therefore, the pellicle 810 is mounted so as to cover the EUV light irradiation area of the original 833.
- the EUV light passes through the pellicle film 812 and is irradiated on the original 833.
- the EUV light reflected by the original 833 passes through the pellicle film 812 and is irradiated onto the sensitive substrate 834 through the projection optical system 838.
- the projection optical system 838 condenses the light reflected by the original 833 and irradiates the sensitive substrate 834.
- the projection optical system 838 includes a plurality of multilayer mirrors 835 and 836 for preparing an EUV optical path.
- the sensitive substrate 834 is a substrate on which a resist is applied on a semiconductor wafer, and the resist is cured in a pattern by EUV reflected by the original 833. By developing this resist and etching the semiconductor wafer, a desired pattern is formed on the semiconductor wafer.
- the pellicle 810 is mounted on the original 833 via an original adhesive layer or the like.
- the foreign matter adhering to the original plate absorbs or scatters EUV, which causes poor resolution on the wafer. Therefore, the pellicle 810 is mounted so as to cover the EUV light irradiation area of the original 833, and the EUV passes through the pellicle film 812 and is irradiated onto the original 833.
- any method can be used as long as it can be placed on the original plate so that no foreign matter adheres to the surface of the original plate.
- a method of attaching the support frame 814 and the original plate 833 with an adhesive Method, mechanical fixing method, and the like, but are not particularly limited.
- a method of attaching with an adhesive is used.
- Example 1 A polyimide film made of PMDA-ODA (pyromellitic anhydride, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether) having a thickness of 110 nm was formed on a silicon wafer having a diameter of 4 inches. The formed polyimide film was peeled off from the silicon wafer and attached to a support frame (width 2.0 mm) made of aluminum alloy A7075 with an acrylic adhesive.
- PMDA-ODA pyromellitic anhydride, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether
- the central part of the polyimide film is irradiated with EUV light having an intensity of 150 mW / cm 2 and a wavelength of 13.5 nm for 100 minutes.
- the membrane was carbonized.
- the EUV light source used was an EUV light irradiation device (Newsval (facility name) BL-10, Hyogo Prefectural University), and the EUV irradiation direction was perpendicular to the film surface.
- the beam size obtained from the full width at half maximum of the incident light intensity was 0.15 mm ⁇ 0.8 mm.
- FT-IR measurement a microscopic FT-IR device FTS-6000 / UMA-500 (manufactured by Bio-Rad) was used, and the measurement conditions were: environmental atmosphere: air, resolution: 4 cm ⁇ 1 , integration number: 128 times, measurement Area: 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
- the Raman measurements using a Raman microscope (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. Ltd. XploRA), measuring conditions, environmental atmosphere: in the atmosphere, the excitation light: 532 nm, grating: 600T, measurement area: was 400cm -1 ⁇ 3200cm -1.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 The results of the Raman spectrum and IR spectrum of the polyimide film before carbonization and the carbon film (EUV light irradiation region) are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the carbon film disappeared signals from specific structures and fluorescence polyimide, since it had a unique signal to carbon wavenumber range of 900cm -1 ⁇ 1800cm -1, polyimide It was confirmed that the center of the film was changed to carbonized carbon film.
- the carbon film was continuously irradiated with EUV light having an intensity of 150 mW / cm 2 for 280 minutes. And confirmation of the discoloration of an EUV light irradiation part, the measurement of EUV transmittance, EUV transmittance stability, and the change of the Raman spectrum after EUV light irradiation were confirmed.
- FIG. 11 shows the result of EUV transmittance during irradiation with EUV light for 280 minutes. As shown in FIG. 11, the EUV transmittance of the carbon film showed a constant value, indicating high EUV resistance (durability). In addition, the shape of the self-supporting film was maintained even after irradiation with EUV light, and no particular change in appearance or Raman spectrum was observed.
- Example 2 First, as in Example 1, a polyimide film was formed, and the formed polyimide film was attached to a support frame (width 2.0 mm) with an acrylic adhesive. In order to prevent ArF light (ultraviolet light) from hitting the polyimide film part in contact with the support frame, only the central part of the polyimide film is irradiated with ultraviolet light having an intensity of 2 W / cm 2 and a wavelength of 193 nm continuously for 5 minutes. Then, the polyimide film was carbonized. The irradiation direction of the ultraviolet light was perpendicular to the film surface. The beam size obtained from the full width at half maximum of the incident light intensity was 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm.
- Example 2 After carbonization of the polyimide film, FT-IR measurement and Raman measurement were performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. The results of Raman spectrum and IR spectrum of the polyimide film before carbonization and the carbon film (ultraviolet light irradiation region) are the same as in Example 1. In the carbon film, the structure peculiar to polyimide and the signal derived from fluorescence disappear and 900 cm ⁇ 1. Since it had a signal peculiar to carbon in a wave number range of ⁇ 1800 cm ⁇ 1 , it was confirmed that the central portion of the polyimide film was changed to a carbonized carbon film.
- a copper foil was prepared, and a graphene film was formed on the copper foil by a CVD method using a mixed gas of CH 4 , H 2 , and Ar.
- a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film was laminated on the obtained graphene film.
- the laminate was immersed in dilute hydrochloric acid to dissolve and remove the copper foil.
- the laminated body of PET film and graphene was immersed in hexafluoroisopropanol, and the PET film was dissolved and removed.
- the graphene film was broken during the dissolution of the PET film, and a self-supporting pellicle film was not obtained.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、現在では、エキシマ露光にて線幅45nm程度のパターンが形成されているが、近年では、半導体デバイスのさらなる微細化に伴い、線幅32nm以下のパターンの形成が求められている。このような微細加工は、従来のエキシマ露光では対応が難しい。そこで、露光光をより短波長のEUV(Extreme Ultra Violet:極端紫外)光に替えることが検討されている。
そこで、露光光としてEUV光を用いるフォトリソグラフィー(以下、「EUVリソグラフィー」ともいう)では、反射光学系を用いて露光を行う。具体的には、露光パターンが反映された原版によってEUV光を反射させ、反射光としてのEUV光によってレジストを露光する。この際、原版に異物が付着していると、EUV光が異物に吸収されたり、EUV光が散乱するため、所望のパターンに露光されない場合がある。
そこで、原版のEUV光照射面を、ペリクルで保護することが検討されている。
ペリクルの構成は、原版のEUV光照射面を保護するためのペリクル膜と、このペリクル膜を支持するペリクル枠(支持枠)と、を有する構成となっている。
文献2;特開2009-116284号公報
文献3;特開2005-43895号公報
文献4;国際公開第2011/160861号公報
即ち、本発明の目的は、EUV透過性及び耐久性に優れ、かつ、自立性を有するペリクル膜を提供することである。
また、本発明の目的は、上記ペリクル膜を有するペリクル、上記ペリクルを有する露光原版、及び、上記露光原版を有する露光装置を提供することである。
また、本発明の目的は、上記ペリクル膜を用いた半導体装置の製造方法を提供することである。
<1> 有機系材料及び無機系材料からなるフィルムを有し、該フィルムの同一平面上に有機系材料を含む領域と無機系材料からなる領域とが存在し、少なくとも前記フィルムの中心部は無機系材料からなる領域であり、かつ、少なくとも前記フィルムの周端部は有機系材料を含む領域である、ペリクル膜。
<2> 前記有機系材料を含む領域は、有機系材料からなる領域である<1>に記載のペリクル膜。
<3> 前記有機系材料のガラス転移温度及び融点の少なくとも一方が150℃以上である、<1>または<2>に記載のペリクル膜。
<4> 前記有機系材料が、ポリイミド化合物、ポリアクリロニトリル化合物、ポリイソシアネート化合物、ポリアミド化合物、ヘテロ芳香環化合物、ポリフェニレン樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂、液晶ポリマー樹脂、ポリパラキシリレン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、及び、フラン樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも一つの化合物である、<1>~<3>のいずれか1つに記載のペリクル膜。
<5> 前記有機系材料の芳香環当量が3mmol/g以上15mmol/g以下である、<1>~<4>のいずれか1つに記載のペリクル膜。
<6> 前記有機系材料がポリイミド化合物である、<1>~<5>のいずれか1つに記載のペリクル膜。
<7> 前記ポリイミド化合物が、下記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含む芳香族ポリイミドである、<6>に記載のペリクル膜。
〔一般式(1)において、Aはm-フェニレンジアミン、o-フェニレンジアミン、p-フェニレンジアミン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、3,3’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、1,3-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、及び4,4’-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニルからなる群から選択されるジアミンから誘導される2価の基であり;
Bは、ピロメリット酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,3’,4-ビフェニル-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物、及び3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルスルホンテトラカルボン酸二無水物からなる群から選択されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物から誘導される4価の基である〕
<8> 前記無機系材料が炭素系材料である、<1>~<7>のいずれか1つに記載のペリクル膜。
<9> さらに前記フィルムの少なくとも片面側に、無機系材料からなる層を有する、<1>~<8>のいずれか1つに記載のペリクル膜。
<11> 前記ペリクル膜の前記支持枠によって支持される部分が、有機系材料を含む領域である、<10>に記載のペリクル。
<12> ポリイミド化合物を含むフィルムを含むペリクル膜と、前記ペリクル膜を支持する支持枠と、有する、ペリクル。
<15> 露光光を放出する光源と、<13>に記載の露光原版と、前記光源から放出された露光光を前記露光原版に導く光学系と、を有し、前記露光原版は、前記光源から放出された露光光が前記ペリクル膜を透過して前記原版に照射されるように配置されている、露光装置。
<16> 前記露光光が、EUV光である、<15>に記載の露光装置。
<18> 前記露光光が、EUV光である、<17>に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
また、本発明によれば、上記ペリクル膜を有するペリクル、上記ペリクルを有する露光原版、及び、上記露光原版を有する露光装置を提供することができる。
また、本発明によれば、上記ペリクル膜を用いた半導体装置の製造方法を提供することができる。
本発明の一実施形態に係るペリクル膜について、図1を用いて説明する。図1は、本実施形態のペリクル膜12を示す概略上面図である。
ペリクル膜12は、有機系材料及び無機系材料からなるフィルム1を有し、フィルム1の同一平面上に有機系材料を含む領域2と無機系材料からなる領域3とが存在し、少なくともフィルム1の中心部は無機系材料からなる領域3であり、かつ、少なくともフィルム1の周端部は有機系材料を含む領域2である。
EUV光の波長は、5nm以上13.5nm以下が好ましい。
本実施形態では、EUV光、及び、EUV光よりも波長が短い光を総称し、「EUV光等」ということがある。
本明細書において、「自立」とは、単独で膜形状を保持できることを指す。
また、フィルム1の中心部である無機系材料からなる領域3は、リソグラフィー工程にフィルムに露光光が照射されてなる露光面積に比べて広い面積を有することが望ましい。領域3のサイズは特に限定されないが、周端から1mm~2mm程度の領域を除いて、横方向に100mm~110mm、縦方向に130mm~144mmの領域であることが望ましい。領域3の形状は特に限定されず、楕円形、円形、長方形、正方形などでもよく、直線および曲線を組み合わせた形状でもよい。
有機系材料としては、炭素を含む有機物であればよい。
また、有機系材料としては、高いエネルギーを与えることで、炭化するものが好ましい。これにより、有機系材料を含むフィルムの一部の領域に高いエネルギーを与えることで、エネルギーが与えられた領域における有機系材料が炭化し、同一平面上に有機系材料を含む領域(エネルギーが与えられていない領域)と無機系材料からなる領域(エネルギーが与えられた領域)とをそれぞれ設けることができる。
ここで、ペリクル膜を形成する有機系材料にEUV光が照射されると、有機系材料中の炭素、酸素または窒素の内殻の電子とEUV光とが相互作用し、それらの原子核が二次電子を放出してイオン化したり、ラジカル種や電子励起種が生成したりする。そのため、3級炭素を含まない鎖状ポリマーでは、3級炭素を含む鎖状ポリマーと比較して、イオン種やラジカル種、励起種による架橋反応や分解反応を抑制することができる。また、3級炭素を含まない鎖状ポリマーが架橋して生じた3級炭素、または3つの芳香環に直接結合した3級炭素、を含むC-C結合は、3級炭素を含む鎖状ポリマーのC-C結合に比べて、架橋反応や分解反応が生じにくい。
[式]
芳香環当量[mmol/g]={一分子中に含まれる芳香環の数/分子量[g/mol]}×1000
さらに、上記有機系材料に高いエネルギーを与えることにより好適に炭化することが可能であり、炭素を含む無機系材料(炭素系材料)からなる領域と有機系材料を含む領域とが存在するフィルムを有するペリクル膜を好適に製造することができる。
さらに、ポリイミド化合物にエネルギーを与えることにより容易に炭化することが可能であり、炭素を含む無機系材料からなる領域と有機系材料を含む領域とが存在するフィルムを有するペリクル膜をより好適に製造することができる。
厚み方向の複屈折を測定する際は、公知の位相差測定装置を用いればよく、例えば、ユニオプト株式会社製のABR-10A、ABR-22、ABR-30などを用いることができる。
Bは、ピロメリット酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,3’,4-ビフェニル-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物、及び3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルスルホンテトラカルボン酸二無水物からなる群から選択されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物から誘導される4価の基である。
ポリイミド化合物を形成するための酸無水物の具体的な構造は以下のとおりである。
また、ペリクル膜は、フィルムの少なくとも片面側に、無機系材料からなる層を有していてもよい。無機系材料からなる層としては、酸化防止層などが挙げられる。
本実施形態のペリクル膜において、フィルムの少なくとも片面側に、酸化防止層が積層されてもよい。フィルムに酸化防止層が積層されると、EUV光照射時やペリクル保管時のペリクル膜の酸化が抑制される。
ペリクル膜の厚みに対する酸化防止層の厚みの割合は、0.03~1.0の範囲にあることが望ましい。上記数値範囲であれば、酸化防止層にEUV光が吸収されることを抑制し、透過率の低下を抑制することができる。
無機系材料としては、炭素系材料であることが好ましい。炭素系材料としては、例えば、非晶質炭素、グラファイトであることが好ましい。
そのため、有機系材料を含むフィルム(好ましくは、有機系材料からなるフィルム)の中心部に高いエネルギーを与えることで、エネルギーが与えられた領域における有機系材料を炭化させ、フィルムの中心部が無機系材料(炭素系材料)からなる領域であるペリクル膜を製造することができる。また、フィルムにおける高いエネルギーが与えられていない領域は、有機系材料を含む領域であり、フィルムの少なくとも周端部が有機系材料を含む領域であれば、自立性を有するペリクル膜を製造することができる。
本発明に係るペリクル膜の製造方法としては、特に限定されないが、以下にペリクル膜の製造例を示す。
基板上に犠牲層を積層し、その上に有機系材料を含む膜(好ましくは、有機系材料からなる膜である。なお、膜はフィルムであってもよい。)を形成して、後で犠牲層を除去することで自立膜を得ることができる。犠牲層は、金属、酸化膜、樹脂、塩など、特定の処理方法で除去できるものとすることができる。例えば、犠牲層は、酸性溶液に溶けるアルミニウムなどの金属でありうる。具体的には、蒸着やスパッタなどでガラス基板やシリコンウエハの表面に金属層を積層し、さらに金属層の上に膜を積層した後に、酸性溶液など金属層を溶かすことができる溶液に浸漬することによって、基板から膜を剥離することができる。
基板の材質を、金属、酸化膜、樹脂、塩など、特定の処理方法で除去できるものとした場合には、基板の上に有機系材料を含む膜を積層したのちに、基板をエッチングまたは溶解させることで、膜を得ることができる。
基板に表面処理を施すことで、有機系材料を含む膜と基板面との相互作用を制御し、溶媒への浸漬や機械的な剥離プロセスにより、基板から膜を容易に剥離することができる。有機系材料を含む膜と基板面との相互作用を制御する方法として、例えばシランカップリング剤による表面処理方法が挙げられる。そのほかには、水や有機溶媒、ピラニア溶液、硫酸、UVオゾン処理、などにより基板表面を洗浄する方法が挙げられる。基板をシリコンウエハとする場合には、過酸化水素水と水酸化アンモニウムの混合液や、塩酸と過酸化水素水の混合液など、RCA洗浄法で用いられる溶液などを使用することができる。
次に、有機系材料を含む膜に高いエネルギーを与えることで、エネルギーが与えられた領域における有機系材料を炭化させて炭素系材料からなる領域を形成する方法について説明する。
炭素系材料からなる領域の形成方法としては、例えば、ポリイミド化合物、ポリアクリロニトリル化合物、ポリイソシアネート化合物、ポリアミド化合物、ヘテロ芳香環化合物、ポリフェニレン樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂、液晶ポリマー樹脂、ポリパラキシリレン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フラン樹脂などの化合物を含む高分子フィルムに高いエネルギーを与えて炭素系材料からなる領域を有するフィルムに転化する方法が挙げられる。高いエネルギーを与える方法は、高熱で焼成する方法、もしくは放射線を照射する方法であることが望ましい。
よって、EUV光を照射して炭化する場合には、EUV光のエネルギーによる炭化の影響だけでなく、上記のような熱による炭化の影響が含まれ、炭化が促進されるため、好ましい。
高分子フィルムの炭化する領域の形状としては、特に限定されず、楕円形、円形、長方形、正方形などが挙げられ、また、直線および曲線を組み合わせた形状でもよい。
炭素系材料からなる領域の構造は、ラマン分光法、フーリエ変換型赤外分光分析(FT-IR)法、X線回折などの測定方法を用いて調べることができる。以下では、高分子フィルムとして、芳香族ポリイミドフィルムを用いた場合の例について説明する。
(放熱性及び耐熱性について)
前述のように、EUV光照射時には、EUVのエネルギーが様々な緩和過程を経て熱に変わる。そのため、ペリクル膜には放熱性及び耐熱性が求められる。少なくともフィルムの中心部が炭素系材料からなるフィルムを有するペリクル膜は、放熱性及び耐熱性を兼ね備え、EUVリソグラフィー中に、ペリクル膜が破損するおそれが少ない。したがって、従来の単結晶シリコンからなるペリクル膜は放熱性が低く、EUV光照射中に熱的ダメージを受けて変形、あるいは、破損しやすいという問題がある一方、フィルムの中心部が炭素系材料からなるペリクル膜を用いることによって原版を確実に保護することができる。以下に、フィルムの中心部が炭素系材料からなるペリクル膜(以下、「炭素膜」とも称する)が放熱性及び耐熱性を兼ね備える理由を説明する。
本実施形態のペリクル膜は、無機系材料からなる領域のEUV光の透過率が高いことが好ましく;EUVリソグラフィーに用いる光(例えば、波長13.5nmの光や波長6.75nmの光)の透過率が50%以上であることが好ましく、80%以上であることがより好ましく、90%以上であることがさらに好ましい。ペリクル膜が酸化防止層と積層される場合には、これらを含む膜の光の透過率が50%以上であることが好ましい。
EUV露光のパターニング工程のときに、皺に由来した透過率の低下及び不均一性や、散乱による支障が生じなければ、ペリクル膜に皺があってもよい。
シリコンウエハなどの基板上に、薄膜を製膜して得たペリクル膜には応力が残留することがある。ペリクル膜の残留応力が大きいと、クラックが生じたり、自立膜としたときに破れの原因となったりするため、ペリクル膜の残留応力は小さいほうが好ましい。ペリクル膜の残留応力の向きと大きさは、製膜した基板の反りの向きと大きさを測定することによって測定することができる。製膜した基板の反りの向きと大きさは、例えばレーザー光を利用した変位計測装置を用いて測定することができ、具体的には三次元形状測定装置(NH-3SP 三鷹光器株式会社)などを用いて測定することができる。ペリクル膜の残留応力の大きさは1GPa以下であることが望ましく、より望ましくは0.5GPa以下、さらに望ましくは0.2GPa以下である。
ペリクル膜にEUV光を照射し、照射部分と未照射部分について、各種の分析を行うことでEUV耐性を評価することができる。例えば、XPS測定、EDS分析、RBSなどの組成分析の手法、XPS,EELS,IR測定やラマン分光などの構造解析の手法、エリプソメトリーや干渉分光法、X線反射法等などの膜厚み評価法、顕微鏡観察、SEM観察やAFM観察などの外観や表面形状評価方法などを用いることができる。放熱性は、コンピューターシミュレーションによる解析結果を組み合わせることで、より詳細に検討されうる。
基板上のペリクル膜の強度の評価方法としては、ナノインデンターによる評価方法が挙げられる。自立膜の膜強度の評価方法としては、共鳴法やバルジ試験法、エアブローによる膜の破れの有無の評価法、振動試験による膜の破れの有無の評価法等の手法を用いることができる。
本実施形態のペリクルは、本実施形態のペリクル膜と、前記ペリクル膜を支持する支持材と、を有する。
本実施形態のペリクルは、本実施形態のペリクル膜を備えるので、本実施形態のペリクル膜と同様の効果を奏する。
支持枠(ペリクル枠)14は、ペリクル膜12を支持するためのものである。
また、本実施形態のペリクル膜12の支持枠14によって支持される部分が、有機系材料を含む領域であることが好ましい。これにより、支持枠14によって支持される部分に、ペリクル膜12の有機系材料を含む領域が固定され、露光光が照射された際に、無機系材料からなる領域に透過光を透過させることができる。
膜接着剤層13は、支持枠14とペリクル膜12とを接着する層である。膜接着剤層13は、例えばアクリル樹脂接着剤、エポキシ樹脂接着剤、ポリイミド樹脂接着剤、シリコーン樹脂接着剤、無機系接着剤等からなる層でありうる。EUV露光時の真空度を保持する観点から、膜接着剤層13は、アウトガスが少ないものが好ましい。アウトガスの評価方法として、例えば昇温脱離ガス分析装置を用いることができる。
ペリクル膜と支持枠の接着性の評価方法としては、例えば圧力、面積、距離、角度を変えてエアブローにより膜の破れや剥離の有無を評価する手法や、加速度、振幅を変えて振動試験により膜の破れや剥離の有無を評価する手法などを用いることができる。
原版用接着剤層15は、支持枠14と原版とを接着する層である。図6に示されるように、原版用接着剤層15は、支持枠14のペリクル膜12が固定されていない側の端部に設けられる。原版用接着剤層15は、例えば、両面粘着テープ、シリコーン樹脂粘着剤、アクリル系粘着剤、ポリオレフィン系粘着剤、無機系接着剤等である。EUV露光時の真空度を保持する観点から、原版用接着剤層15は、アウトガスが少ないものが好ましい。アウトガスの評価方法として、例えば昇温脱離ガス分析装置を用いることができる。
本発明のペリクルは、EUV露光装置内で、原版に異物が付着することを抑制するための保護部材としてだけでなく、原版の保管時や、原版の運搬時に原版を保護するための保護部材としてもよい。例えば、原版にペリクルを装着した状態(露光原版)にしておけば、EUV露光装置から取り外した後、そのまま保管すること等が可能となる。ペリクルを原版に装着する方法には、接着剤で貼り付ける方法、静電吸着法、機械的に固定する方法等がある。
次に、本実施形態のペリクル20の変形例について、図7を参照して説明する。図7に示すように、ペリクル20を形成するペリクル膜22は、有機系材料を含む領域及び無機系材料からなる領域が存在するフィルム21の両面に、酸化防止層23が積層されていてもよい。フィルム1に酸化防止層23が積層されると、EUV光照射時やペリクル保管時のペリクル膜22の酸化が抑制される。なお、酸化防止層は、フィルムの片面側のみに積層されていてもよい。
本実施形態に係るペリクルは、ポリイミド化合物を含むフィルム(好ましくは、ポリイミド化合物からなるフィルム)を含むペリクル膜と、前記ペリクル膜を支持する支持枠と、を有するペリクルであってもよい。ポリイミド化合物を含むフィルムに上述したような高いエネルギーを与えることによって、エネルギーが与えられた領域におけるポリイミド化合物が炭化し、同一平面上にポリイミドを含む領域(エネルギーが与えられていない領域)と炭素系材料からなる領域(エネルギーが与えられた領域)と、をそれぞれ有するペリクル膜を有するペリクルが得られる。
本実施形態の露光原版は、原版と、前記原版に装着された本実施形態のペリクルと、を有する。
本実施形態の露光原版は、本実施形態のペリクルを備えるので、本実施形態のペリクルと同様の効果を奏する。
本実施形態の露光装置は、本実施形態の露光原版を備える。
このため、本実施形態の露光原版と同様の効果を奏する。
この態様によれば、EUV光等によって微細化されたパターン(例えば線幅32nm以下)を形成できることに加え、異物による解像不良が問題となり易いEUV光を用いた場合であっても、異物による解像不良が低減されたパターン露光を行うことができる。
本実施形態の半導体装置の製造方法は、光源から放出された露光光を、本実施形態の露光原版の前記ペリクル膜を透過させて前記原版に照射し、前記原版で反射させるステップと、前記原版によって反射された露光光を、前記ペリクル膜を透過させて感応基板に照射することにより、前記感応基板をパターン状に露光するステップと、を有する。
本実施形態の半導体装置の製造方法によれば、異物による解像不良が問題となり易いEUV光を用いた場合であっても、異物による解像不良が低減された半導体装置を製造することができる。
図8に示されるように、EUV露光装置800は、EUV光を放出する光源831と、本実施形態の露光原版の一例である露光原版850と、光源831から放出されたEUV光を露光原版850に導く照明光学系837と、を備える。
露光原版850は、ペリクル膜812及び支持枠814を含むペリクル810と、原版833と、を備えている。この露光原版850は、光源831から放出されたEUV光がペリクル膜812を透過して原版833に照射されるように配置されている。
原版833は、照射されたEUV光をパターン状に反射するものである。
支持枠814及びペリクル810は、それぞれ、本実施形態の支持枠及びペリクルの一例である。
また、EUV露光装置800は、原版833が反射したEUV光を感応基板834へ導く投影光学系838を備えている。
EUV光源831には、ターゲット材と、パルスレーザー照射部等が含まれる。このターゲット材にパルスレーザーを照射し、プラズマを発生させることで、EUVが得られる。ターゲット材をXeとすると、波長13nm~14nmのEUVが得られる。EUV光源が発する光の波長は、13nm~14nmに限られず、波長5nm~30nmの範囲内の、目的に適した波長の光であればよい。
照明光学系837には、EUVの光路を調整するための複数枚の多層膜ミラー832と、光結合器(オプティカルインテグレーター)等が含まれる。多層膜ミラーは、モリブデン(Mo)、シリコン(Si)が交互に積層された多層膜等である。
光源831と照明光学系837との間に配置されるフィルター・ウィンドウ820は、光源から発生する飛散粒子(デブリ)を捕捉し、飛散粒子(デブリ)が照明光学系837内部の素子(例えば多層膜ミラー832)に付着しないようにする。
一方、照明光学系837と原版833との間に配置されるフィルター・ウィンドウ825は、光源831側から飛散する粒子(デブリ)を捕捉し、飛散粒子(デブリ)が原版833に付着しないようにする。
投影光学系838は、原版833で反射された光を集光し、感応基板834に照射する。投影光学系838には、EUVの光路を調製するための複数枚の多層膜ミラー835、836等が含まれる。
直径4インチのシリコンウエハ上に厚さ110nmのPMDA-ODA(ピロメリット酸無水物、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル)からなるポリイミド膜を製膜した。製膜したポリイミド膜を、シリコンウエハから剥離してアルミニウム合金A7075製の支持枠(幅2.0mm)にアクリル系接着剤で貼り付けた。
FT-IR測定では、顕微FT-IR装置 FTS-6000/UMA-500(バイオラッド社製)を用い、測定条件は、環境雰囲気:大気中、分解能:4cm-1、積算回数:128回、測定面積:100μm×100μmとした。ラマン測定では、ラマン顕微鏡(堀場製作所製社製 XploRA)を用い、測定条件は、環境雰囲気:大気中、励起光:532nm、グレーティング:600T、測定領域:400cm-1~3200cm-1とした。
280分間EUV光を照射している間のEUV透過率の結果を図11に示す。図11に示すとおり、炭素膜のEUV透過率は一定の値を示し、高いEUV耐性(耐久性)を示した。また、EUV光照射後も自立膜の形状を維持しており、外観やラマンスペクトルの変化は特に見られなかった。
まず、実施例1と同様、ポリイミド膜を製膜し、製膜したポリイミド膜をアクリル系接着剤で支持枠(幅2.0mm)に貼り付けた。
支持枠と接触しているポリイミド膜の部分にArF光(紫外光)が当たらないよう、ポリイミド膜の中心部分のみに対して強度 2W/cm2、波長193nmの紫外光を、5分間連続照射してポリイミド膜の炭化を行った。紫外光の照射方向は膜面に対して垂直方向とした。入射光強度の半値全幅から求めたビームサイズは5mm×5mmであった。ポリイミド膜の炭化後、実施例1と同様の条件でFT-IR測定及びラマン測定を行なった。
炭化前のポリイミド膜と炭素膜(紫外光照射領域)とのラマンスペクトル、IRスペクトルの結果は実施例1と同様、炭素膜ではポリイミドに特有の構造や蛍光由来のシグナルが消失し、900cm-1~1800cm-1の波数範囲に炭素に特有のシグナルを有していたことから、ポリイミド膜の中心部が炭化された炭素膜に変化したことを確かめた。
銅箔を準備し、当該銅箔上にCH4、H2、Arの混合ガスを用いてCVD法でグラフェン膜を作製した。得られたグラフェン膜上にPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)フィルムを積層した。当該積層体を希塩酸に浸し、銅箔を溶解除去した。その後、PETフィルムとグラフェンとの積層体を、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノールに浸漬させて、PETフィルムを溶解除去した。しかし、PETフィルム溶解中にグラフェン膜が破れてしまい、自立性のあるペリクル膜が得られなかった。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (18)
- 有機系材料及び無機系材料からなるフィルムを有し、該フィルムの同一平面上に有機系材料を含む領域と無機系材料からなる領域とが存在し、少なくとも前記フィルムの中心部は無機系材料からなる領域であり、かつ、少なくとも前記フィルムの周端部は有機系材料を含む領域である、ペリクル膜。
- 前記有機系材料を含む領域は、有機系材料からなる領域である請求項1に記載のペリクル膜。
- 前記有機系材料のガラス転移温度及び融点の少なくとも一方が150℃以上である、請求項1または請求項2に記載のペリクル膜。
- 前記有機系材料が、ポリイミド化合物、ポリアクリロニトリル化合物、ポリイソシアネート化合物、ポリアミド化合物、ヘテロ芳香環化合物、ポリフェニレン樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂、液晶ポリマー樹脂、ポリパラキシリレン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、及び、フラン樹脂からなる群より選択される少なくとも一つの化合物である、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル膜。
- 前記有機系材料の芳香環当量が3mmol/g以上15mmol/g以下である、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル膜。
- 前記有機系材料がポリイミド化合物である、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル膜。
- 前記ポリイミド化合物が、下記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含む芳香族ポリイミドである、請求項6に記載のペリクル膜。
〔一般式(1)において、Aはm-フェニレンジアミン、o-フェニレンジアミン、p-フェニレンジアミン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン、3,3’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、1,3-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、及び4,4’-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニルからなる群から選択されるジアミンから誘導される2価の基であり;
Bは、ピロメリット酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,3,3’,4-ビフェニル-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物、及び3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルスルホンテトラカルボン酸二無水物からなる群から選択されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物から誘導される4価の基である〕 - 前記無機系材料が炭素系材料である、請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル膜。
- さらに前記フィルムの少なくとも片面側に、無機系材料からなる層を有する、請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル膜。
- 請求項1~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル膜と、
前記ペリクル膜を支持する支持枠と、
を有する、ペリクル。 - 前記ペリクル膜の前記支持枠によって支持される部分が、有機系材料を含む領域である、請求項10に記載のペリクル。
- ポリイミド化合物を含むフィルムを含むペリクル膜と、
前記ペリクル膜を支持する支持枠と、
を有する、ペリクル。 - 原版と、
前記原版に装着された請求項10~請求項12のいずれか1項に記載のペリクルと、
を含む、露光原版。 - 請求項13に記載の露光原版を有する、露光装置。
- 露光光を放出する光源と、
請求項13に記載の露光原版と、
前記光源から放出された露光光を前記露光原版に導く光学系と、
を有し、
前記露光原版は、前記光源から放出された露光光が前記ペリクル膜を透過して前記原版に照射されるように配置されている、露光装置。 - 前記露光光が、EUV光である、請求項15に記載の露光装置。
- 光源から放出された露光光を、請求項13に記載の露光原版の前記ペリクル膜を透過させて前記原版に照射し、前記原版で反射させるステップと、
前記原版によって反射された露光光を、前記ペリクル膜を透過させて感応基板に照射することにより、前記感応基板をパターン状に露光するステップと、
を有する、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記露光光が、EUV光である、請求項17に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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CN201580023964.0A CN106462052B (zh) | 2014-05-19 | 2015-05-12 | 防护膜、防护膜组件、曝光原版、曝光装置及半导体装置的制造方法 |
EP15796576.5A EP3133442B1 (en) | 2014-05-19 | 2015-05-12 | Pellicle film, pellicle, exposure master, exposure device, and method for manufacturing semiconductor device |
KR1020187017204A KR20180072844A (ko) | 2014-05-19 | 2015-05-12 | 펠리클막, 펠리클, 노광 원판, 노광 장치 및 반도체 장치의 제조 방법 |
SG11201609463SA SG11201609463SA (en) | 2014-05-19 | 2015-05-12 | Pellicle membrane, pellicle, original plate for exposure, exposure apparatus, and method of producing semiconductor device |
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KR1020167031149A KR102047588B1 (ko) | 2014-05-19 | 2015-05-12 | 펠리클막, 펠리클, 노광 원판, 노광 장치 및 반도체 장치의 제조 방법 |
US15/310,830 US10108084B2 (en) | 2014-05-19 | 2015-05-12 | Pellicle membrane, pellicle, original plate for exposure, exposure apparatus, and method of producing semiconductor device |
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US11281092B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2022-03-22 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Pellicle for extreme ultraviolet lithography and method of manufacturing the same |
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US20170090279A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
TWI655497B (zh) | 2019-04-01 |
CN106462052A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
KR20180072844A (ko) | 2018-06-29 |
EP3133442A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
JPWO2015178250A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
SG11201609463SA (en) | 2016-12-29 |
KR102047588B1 (ko) | 2019-11-21 |
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CN106462052B (zh) | 2019-08-16 |
US10108084B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
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TW201610562A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
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