WO2009150965A1 - 電動車両 - Google Patents

電動車両 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009150965A1
WO2009150965A1 PCT/JP2009/060072 JP2009060072W WO2009150965A1 WO 2009150965 A1 WO2009150965 A1 WO 2009150965A1 JP 2009060072 W JP2009060072 W JP 2009060072W WO 2009150965 A1 WO2009150965 A1 WO 2009150965A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric vehicle
gas
lithium ion
ion battery
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2009/060072
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
松本　潤一
石下　晃生
Original Assignee
トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by トヨタ自動車株式会社 filed Critical トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority to US12/991,831 priority Critical patent/US8563151B2/en
Priority to EP09762395.3A priority patent/EP2289720B1/en
Priority to CN2009801219615A priority patent/CN102056757B/zh
Priority to BRPI0915114 priority patent/BRPI0915114B1/pt
Publication of WO2009150965A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009150965A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00978—Control systems or circuits characterised by failure of detection or safety means; Diagnostic methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/24—Devices purely for ventilating or where the heating or cooling is irrelevant
    • B60H1/248—Air-extractors, air-evacuation from the vehicle interior
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0053—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/003—Component temperature regulation using an air flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/005—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0427—Arrangement between the seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the structure of an electric vehicle equipped with a lithium ion battery.
  • Secondary batteries for driving a vehicle are often installed in the vehicle interior to be cooled by air-conditioned air in the vehicle interior.
  • air in the passenger compartment is sent to the secondary battery to cool the secondary battery, and then the heated air is returned to the passenger compartment. Cooling the air whose temperature has been increased by an air conditioner for the passenger compartment. This is because in this method, the air-conditioning efficiency becomes better than when the air that has cooled the secondary battery is discharged to the outside.
  • a duct communicating from the secondary battery to the outside is not necessary, noise entering from the duct can be eliminated, and noise in the vehicle interior can be reduced.
  • lithium ion batteries that have a higher energy density and can be miniaturized than nickel metal hydride batteries and lead storage batteries have come to be used as secondary batteries for driving vehicles.
  • the lithium ion battery may generate smoke due to a short circuit inside the lithium ion battery when an impact force is applied to the battery pack due to a vehicle collision or the like.
  • the secondary battery is installed in the vehicle interior as described above, the generated smoke enters the vehicle interior, and thus the smoke in the vehicle interior needs to be discharged.
  • Patent Document 1 predicts a vehicle collision by using a collision detection sensor or a radar device provided in the vehicle, and activates an air conditioner or opens a window. For this reason, even when the vehicle does not collide and the vehicle is not subjected to an impact, the air conditioner is activated and the window is opened. Such an operation may be an operation contrary to the user's intention and may give the user a sense of discomfort. Even if the battery pack is not subjected to an impact force, smoke may be generated depending on the state of the lithium ion battery. However, in the conventional technology of Patent Document 1, if smoke is generated due to a cause other than an impact, boarding is performed. Since it is necessary for a person or the like to discharge the smoke by opening a window or the like, there is a problem that the smoke cannot be discharged promptly.
  • An object of the present invention is to promptly discharge smoke outside the vehicle when smoke is generated from a lithium ion battery mounted in the vehicle interior.
  • An electric vehicle includes a lithium ion battery mounted in a vehicle interior, battery state detection means for detecting the state of the lithium ion battery, a ventilation mechanism for ventilating air in the vehicle interior, and starting and stopping of the ventilation mechanism.
  • An electric vehicle comprising: a control unit configured to determine that the lithium ion battery is abnormal when the battery state value detected by the battery state detection unit exceeds a predetermined threshold; Ventilation mechanism starting means for starting is provided.
  • the electric vehicle of the present invention includes a gas discharge path for discharging gas generated from the lithium ion battery into the passenger compartment when the state of the lithium ion battery is abnormal, and the battery state detection means is a voltage attached to the lithium ion battery.
  • a sensor, a temperature sensor, a gas sensor and a gas temperature sensor provided in the gas discharge path, and the ventilation mechanism includes an outside air introduction mechanism for introducing outside air into the vehicle interior, a vehicle interior
  • a window glass driving mechanism for moving the window glass by a drive motor, and the ventilation starting means includes an outside air introduction mechanism starting means and a window opening starting means for starting the opening of the window glass by the window glass driving mechanism. This is also preferable.
  • the electric vehicle of the present invention includes a chamber that covers an upper part of the lithium ion battery, is connected to a gas discharge path, and collects gas generated from the lithium ion battery when the lithium ion battery is abnormal, and includes either a gas sensor or a gas temperature sensor. It is also preferable that one or both of them is provided on the upper inner surface of the chamber, and it is also preferable that the gas sensor is either one or both of a carbon monoxide gas sensor and a hydrogen gas sensor.
  • the present invention has an effect that when smoke is generated from a lithium ion battery mounted in a vehicle compartment, the smoke can be quickly discharged outside the vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle 100 of the present embodiment includes a vehicle body 10 and a vehicle compartment 11 that is inside the vehicle body 10 and is partitioned by a front partition 12 and a rear partition 13.
  • a bonnet in front of the front partition 12 houses an engine (not shown), a motor generator for driving the vehicle, a power distribution mechanism, an inverter, a driving gear, and the like.
  • a door 40 having a window glass 41 is attached to the vehicle body 10 so as to be opened and closed.
  • the window glass 41 is opened and closed up and down by a drive motor and a gear (not shown).
  • the drive motor and the gear constitute a window glass drive mechanism.
  • An air conditioning fan 17 that sends air to the passenger compartment 11 is provided in the hood in front of the front partition 12.
  • the air conditioning fan 17 includes a passenger compartment air suction pipe 15 connected to the passenger compartment 11, an outside air suction pipe 16 that sucks outside air from the outside of the car, and a suction passage between the passenger compartment air suction pipe 15 and the outside air suction pipe 16. And a flow path switching damper 19 for switching between.
  • the air conditioning fan 17 is connected to an air blowing pipe 18 for sending air sucked from the passenger compartment air suction pipe 15 or the outside air suction pipe 16 to the passenger compartment 11.
  • a heat exchanger of an air conditioner (not shown) is attached to the air blowing pipe 18 so as to cool the sucked air and send it to the passenger compartment 11.
  • the passenger compartment 11 When the flow path switching damper 19 is switched to the passenger compartment air suction pipe 15 side, the passenger compartment 11 is in a substantially sealed state, and almost no outside air enters the passenger compartment 11.
  • the outside air suction pipe 16, the flow path switching damper 19, the air conditioning fan 17, and the air blowing pipe 18 constitute an outside air introduction mechanism.
  • the window glass drive mechanism and the outside air introduction mechanism described above constitute a ventilation mechanism.
  • a battery installation space partitioned by a cover 14 is provided between a driver seat and a passenger seat.
  • the battery installation space is configured to communicate with the vehicle compartment 11.
  • a battery pack 20 in which a plurality of lithium ion battery cells 21 are housed is attached in the battery installation space.
  • the battery pack 20 has an air suction conduit 23 that sucks cooling air from the vehicle interior 11 and an air exhaust conduit 25 that cools the battery pack 20 and discharges air whose temperature has risen from the battery pack 20 to the vehicle interior 11. And are attached.
  • a cooling fan 24 is attached to the air suction duct 23.
  • each cell 21 of the lithium ion battery housed in the battery pack 20 gas generated from each cell 21 is released in an abnormal state in which positive and negative electrodes are in contact with each other inside the cell 21.
  • a relief pipe 26 is attached.
  • a rupture disk 26a which bursts when the internal pressure of the cell 21 is increased by the generated gas and allows the gas inside the cell 21 to escape to the outside.
  • a chamber 27 is provided on the upper surface of the battery pack 20 to collect the gas released from the escape pipe 26.
  • the chamber 27 is provided with a gas discharge path 28 for discharging gas to the vehicle compartment 11.
  • the battery pack 20 is configured by standing plate-like cells 21 with a gap in the width direction of the casing 22 of the battery pack 20.
  • the stored power is taken out from each cell 21 and summed and output as the output of the battery pack 20.
  • Cooling air is caused to flow from the air suction line 23 toward the air discharge line 25 by the cooling fan 24 in the gaps between the cells 21, and each cell 21 is cooled to the operating range temperature.
  • an escape tube 26 and a rupture disk 26a are provided at the upper center of each cell 21.
  • a cell voltage sensor 32 for measuring the output voltage of each cell 21 and a cell temperature sensor 31 for measuring the temperature of each cell 21 are attached to each cell 21.
  • a gas temperature sensor 33, a carbon monoxide gas sensor 34, and a hydrogen gas sensor 35 are attached to the inside of the upper side of the chamber 27 provided at the upper part of the battery pack 20. These sensors 33, 34, and 35 are attached to the vicinity of the relief pipes 26 provided in the respective cells 21, and the gas discharged from each cell 21 directly reaches the respective sensors 33, 34, and 35 with high sensitivity. The carbon monoxide gas and the hydrogen gas can be detected. Note that the gas temperature sensor 33, the carbon monoxide gas sensor 34, and the hydrogen gas sensor 35 may be attached one by one near the center of the upper inner surface of the chamber 27. As shown in FIG. 2B, a gas temperature sensor 36, a carbon monoxide gas sensor 37, and a hydrogen gas sensor 38 are attached to the gas discharge path 28 for discharging the gas into the vehicle compartment 11.
  • a cell voltage sensor 32 that is attached to each cell 21 and measures the output voltage of each cell 21, a cell temperature sensor 31 that measures the temperature of each cell 21, a gas temperature sensor 33 that is attached to the chamber 27, and carbon monoxide Battery state detection means for detecting the state of the battery pack 20 which is a lithium ion battery, the gas sensor 34, the temperature sensor 36 attached to the hydrogen gas sensor 35 and the gas discharge path 28, the carbon monoxide gas sensor 37, and the hydrogen gas sensor 38.
  • the sensors 31 to 38 attached to the battery pack 20 are connected to a control unit 50 mounted on the electric vehicle 100, respectively.
  • the control unit 50 is a computer that includes a CPU and a memory therein.
  • the dashed-dotted line in a figure shows a signal line.
  • the control unit 50 includes an outside air introduction mechanism starting unit 51 and a window opening starting unit 52.
  • the air conditioning fan 17 and the flow path switching damper 19 of the electric vehicle 100 are connected to the control unit 50 via the fan / damper interface 54 and are configured to be driven by a command from the control unit 50.
  • the drive motor 42 that opens and closes the window glass 41 of the door 40 of the electric vehicle 100 is connected to the control unit 50 via the window glass drive mechanism interface 55 and is driven by a command from the control unit 50. .
  • step S ⁇ b> 101 of FIG. 4 the control unit 50 acquires the temperature and voltage of each cell 21 of the battery pack 20 using the cell temperature sensor 31 and the cell voltage sensor 32. Further, the control unit 50 acquires the gas temperature, carbon monoxide concentration, and hydrogen concentration of the chamber 27 by means of the sensors 33 to 35 provided in the chamber 27 of the battery pack 20. Further, the control unit 50 acquires the gas temperature, carbon monoxide concentration, and hydrogen concentration in the gas discharge path 28 by means of the sensors 36 to 38 provided in the gas discharge path 28. And the control part 50 judges whether abnormality has generate
  • the control unit 50 determines that the battery pack 20 is normal and does not emit smoke, and returns to step S101 shown in FIG. 4 to monitor the state of the battery pack 20 by the sensors 31 to 38. To do.
  • the cell voltage of one or a plurality of cells 21 drops to substantially zero, the cell temperature becomes equal to or higher than the threshold value, and the carbon monoxide concentration in the gas discharge path 28 is further set to the threshold value.
  • the control unit 50 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the battery pack 20. This is because the positive and negative electrodes come into contact with each other inside the cell 21 and the output voltage becomes zero, gas is generated inside the cell due to the rise in the temperature of the battery inside the cell 21, and the rupture disk 26a is caused by the gas pressure. This is because it can be determined that the gas containing the torn carbon monoxide flows from the cell 21 through the chamber 27 to the gas discharge passage 28 and enters the passenger compartment 11 as smoke. .
  • This abnormality can be determined by various sensors.
  • the cell voltage is substantially zero and the carbon monoxide concentration is a predetermined value. It may be determined that an abnormality has occurred in the battery pack 20 when the temperature of the battery pack 20 is greater than the threshold value, or it may be determined that an abnormality has occurred in the battery pack 20 when the temperature and the carbon monoxide concentration exceed the threshold values.
  • the controller 50 determines whether or not the abnormal state has continued for a predetermined time, as shown in step S103 of FIG. For example, the control unit 50 acquires the state of the battery by each of the sensors 31 to 38 at predetermined intervals, and as a result, each time it is determined as an abnormal state, the control unit 50 accumulates one counter, and the counter reaches a predetermined numerical value. In such a case, it may be determined that the abnormal state has continued for a predetermined time, or when the battery pack 20 determines that the abnormality has occurred, a timer in the control unit 50 is activated, and the battery is detected by the sensors 31 to 38 after a predetermined time. If the state is acquired and the battery pack 20 is in an abnormal state at that time, it may be determined that the abnormal state has continued for a predetermined time.
  • the controller 50 determines that the abnormal state of the battery pack 20 has continued for a predetermined time as shown by time ⁇ t in FIG. 5, as shown in step S ⁇ b > 104 in FIG. 4 and time t 2 in FIG. 5, the battery pack 20. From the above, it is determined that the state where smoke is generated has been confirmed.
  • the control unit 50 when determining the smoke from the battery pack 20, as shown in time t 3 in the step S105 and FIG. 5 in FIG. 4, output by the external air introduction mechanism starting means 51 to outside air introduction command to the fan damper interface 54 .
  • the fan / damper interface 54 switches the flow path switching damper 19 to the outside air suction pipe 16 side and starts the air conditioning fan 17 to introduce outside air into the vehicle compartment 11 from the air blowing pipe 18.
  • the outside air to be introduced may be increased by setting the rotation speed of the air conditioning fan 17 to the high rotation mode.
  • the control unit 50 as shown in time t 4 in steps S106 and 5 of FIG. 4, and outputs the window glass drive mechanism interface 55 a command to open the window by the window opening starting means 52.
  • the window glass drive mechanism interface 55 starts the drive motor 42 and lowers the window glass 41 to open the window.
  • the window glass 41 may be lowered until the window is fully opened or may be lowered halfway.
  • the control unit 50 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed since the outside air was introduced and the window was opened.
  • the time may be counted by a timer inside the control unit 50, or the time may be accumulated by an accumulation count inside the control unit 50.
  • the control unit 50 determines that a predetermined time has elapsed since the introduction of the outside air and the opening of the window, the fan 50 is turned on at time t 5 in FIG. 5 as shown in steps S108 and S109 in FIG. Outputs an outside air introduction stop command to the damper interface 54.
  • the fan / damper interface 54 stops the air conditioning fan 17 and switches the flow path switching damper 19 to the passenger compartment air suction pipe 15 side.
  • the control unit 50 outputs a window opening stop command to the window glass drive mechanism interface 55. This command, the window glass drive mechanism interface 55 to the time t 6 in FIG. 5 stops the drive motor 42 to stop the opening of the window. In this case, when the window is already fully opened, the window glass 41 is not moved and the fully opened state is maintained.
  • abnormality detection and smoke generation of the battery pack 20 are detected by the sensors 31 to 38 attached to each cell 21 or the chamber 27 and the gas discharge path 28 of the battery pack 20 of the lithium ion battery. Since the determination is performed, when smoke is generated from the battery pack 20, it is possible to quickly discharge the smoke to the outside of the vehicle, and it is possible to suppress the poor visibility due to the smoke. In addition, when smoke from the battery pack 20 is not generated, starting the air-conditioning fan 17 and opening the window are suppressed, so that the user is not discomforted.
  • the smoke due to the abnormality of the cell 21 of the battery pack 20 such as internal short circuit, overcharge, overheating, etc. Even when this occurs, there is an effect that smoke can be quickly discharged outside the vehicle.

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Abstract

　各セル（２１）に取り付けられたセル電圧センサ（３２）とセル温度センサ（３１）と、チャンバ（２７）に取り付けられたガス温度センサ（３３）と一酸化炭素ガスセンサ（３４）と水素ガスセンサ（３５）と、ガス排出路（２８）に取り付けられたガス温度センサ（３６）と一酸化炭素ガスセンサ（３７）と水素ガスセンサ（３８）と、空調ファン（１７）と流路切り替えダンパ（１９）と窓ガラス（４１）の降下を行う駆動モータ（４２）とを備え、センサ（３１）～（３８）によって検出した電池状態値が所定の閾値を越えている際には電池パック（２０）の異常と判断し、流路切り替えダンパ（１９）と空調ファン（１７）を始動し、窓ガラス（４１）を降下させ、車室内を換気する。これによって、リチウムイオン電池から発生した煙を速やかに車外に排出する。

Description

電動車両
　本発明は、リチウムイオン電池を搭載している電動車両の構造に関する。
　近年、環境問題対策の１つとして、モータからの駆動力により走行するハイブリッド車、燃料電池車、電気自動車などの電動車両が注目されている。このような電動車両には、バッテリなどの二次電池が搭載される。車両の駆動用電源を構成する二次電池としては、ニッケル水素電池や鉛蓄電池などが使用されていた。
　車両駆動用の二次電池は車室内の空調された空気によって冷却するために車室内に設置されることが多い。特に車室内用の空調装置の能力を効率的に使用するために車室内の空気を二次電池に送って二次電池の冷却を行った後、温度の上昇した空気を車室内に戻し、その温度の上昇した空気を車室内用の空調装置によって冷却することが行われている。この方式の場合、二次電池を冷却した空気を外部に排出するよりも空調効率が良くなるためである。また、二次電池から外部に連通するダクトが不要となるため、このダクトから侵入する騒音をなくすことができ、車室内の騒音を低減することができるためである。
　一方、車両駆動用の二次電池としてニッケル水素電池や鉛蓄電などよりもエネルギー密度が高く、小形化できるリチウムイオン電池が用いられるようになってきている。しかし、リチウムイオン電池は、車両の衝突などによって電池パックに衝撃力がかかった際にリチウムイオン電池内部での短絡などに起因して煙が発生する可能性がある。この場合、上記のように二次電池が車室内に設置されていると、発生した煙が車室内に入り込むため、車室内の煙を排出する必要がある。
　そこで、電池パックに衝撃が加わり、内部のリチウムイオン電池から発生した煙が車室内に入り込んだとしても、その煙を車両外に排出することができるように、車両の衝突などが予想される場合に予め車室と車両外とを連通して、煙を車室外に排出する方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
特開２００７－９９０７５号公報
　特許文献１に記載された従来技術は、車両に設けられた衝突検知センサやレーダ装置によって、車両の衝突を予測し、エアコンの起動や窓の開放を行なうようにしたものである。このため、衝突せず、車両に衝撃が加わらない場合にもエアコンの起動や窓の開放が行なわれてしまう。このような動作は、ユーザの意思に反する動作となる場合があり、ユーザに違和感を与える場合がある。また、電池パックに衝撃力がかからない場合でもリチウムイオン電池の状態によっては煙が発生する可能性もあるが、特許文献１の従来技術では、衝撃以外の原因によって煙が発生した場合には、搭乗者などが窓を開放するなどしてその煙を排出することが必要なため、煙を速やかに排出できないという問題があった。
　本発明は、車室内に搭載されたリチウムイオン電池から煙が発生した際に速やかに煙を車外に排出することを目的とする。
　本発明の電動車両は、車室内に搭載されているリチウムイオン電池と、リチウムイオン電池の状態を検出する電池状態検出手段と、車室内の空気を換気する換気機構と、換気機構の始動停止を行う制御部と、を備える電動車両であって、制御部は、電池状態検出手段によって検出した電池状態値が所定の閾値を越えている際にはリチウムイオン電池の異常と判断し、換気機構を始動する換気機構始動手段、を備えることを特徴とする。
　本発明の電動車両において、リチウムイオン電池の状態が異常の際にリチウムイオン電池から発生するガスを車室内に排出するガス排出路を含み、電池状態検出手段は、リチウムイオン電池に取りつけられた電圧センサと温度センサと、ガス排出路に設けられたガスセンサとガス温度センサと、のいずれか１つまたは複数の組み合わせであり、換気機構は、外気を車室内に導入する外気導入機構と、車室の窓ガラスを駆動モータによって移動させる窓ガラス駆動機構と、を含み、換気始動手段は、外気導入機構始動手段と、窓ガラス駆動機構によって窓ガラスの開放を開始する窓開放開始手段と、を含むこと、としても好適である。
　本発明の電動車両において、リチウムイオン電池上部を覆い、ガス排出路が接続され、リチウムイオン電池が異常の際にリチウムイオン電池から発生したガスを集合させるチャンバを備え、ガスセンサまたはガス温度センサのいずれか一方または両方がチャンバの上部内面に設けられていること、としても好適であるし、ガスセンサは、一酸化炭素ガスセンサまたは水素ガスセンサの何れか一方または両方であること、としても好適である。
　本発明は、車室内に搭載されたリチウムイオン電池から煙が発生した際に速やかに煙を車外に排出することができるという効果を奏する。
本発明の実施形態における電動車両の構成を示す説明図である。 本発明の実施形態における電動車両の搭載される電池パックの平面と側面とを示す説明図である。 本発明の実施形態における電動車両の制御系統を示す系統図である。 本発明の実施形態における電動車両の動作を示すフローチャートである。 本発明の実施形態における電動車両の電池異常の際のセル電圧とセル温度と一酸化炭素濃度の変化と、外気導入機構と窓ガラス駆動機構の指令信号の変化を示すグラフである。
　以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の好適な実施形態について説明する。図１に示すように、本実施形態の電動車両１００は、車体１０と、車体１０の内部にあって前方仕切り１２と後方仕切り１３とによって仕切られた車室１１と、を備えている。前方仕切り１２の前方にあるボンネットには図示しないエンジン、車両駆動用のモータジェネレータ、動力分配機構、インバータ、駆動用ギヤなどが納められている。車体１０には、窓ガラス４１を持つドア４０が開閉自在に取り付けられている。窓ガラス４１は図示しない駆動用モータとギヤによって上下に開閉される。駆動モータとギヤとは窓ガラス駆動機構を構成する。
　前方仕切り１２の前方のボンネットには、車室１１に空気を送る空調ファン１７が設けられている。空調ファン１７には、車室１１に接続された車室空気吸い込み管１５と、車外から外気を吸い込む外気吸い込み管１６と、車室空気吸い込み管１５と外気吸い込み管１６との間で吸い込み流路を切り替える流路切り替えダンパ１９と、が取り付けられている。また、空調ファン１７には、車室空気吸い込み管１５または外気吸い込み管１６から吸い込んだ空気を車室１１に送り込む空気吹き出し管１８が接続されている。空気吹き出し管１８には図示しない空調装置の熱交換器が取り付けられ、吸い込んだ空気を冷却して車室１１に送り込むように構成されている。流路切り替えダンパ１９が車室空気吸い込み管１５側に切り替えられている場合には、車室１１は略密閉状態となり、外気はほとんど車室１１内に侵入してこない。外気吸い込み管１６と、流路切り替えダンパ１９と、空調ファン１７と空気吹き出し管１８とは外気導入機構を構成する。先に説明した窓ガラス駆動機構と外気導入機構とは換気機構を構成する。
　車室１１には運転者や乗員の座るシートが配置され、運転席のシートと助手席のシートとの間にカバー１４で仕切られた電池設置スペースが設けられている。電池設置スペースは車室１１と連通するよう構成されている。電池設置スペースの中には複数のリチウムイオン電池のセル２１が納められた電池パック２０が取り付けられている。電池パック２０には車室１１内から冷却用空気を吸い込む空気吸い込み管路２３と、電池パック２０を冷却して温度の上昇した空気を電池パック２０から車室１１に排出する空気排出管路２５とが取り付けられている。空気吸い込み管路２３には冷却ファン２４が取り付けられている。また、電池パック２０に納められているリチウムイオン電池の各セル２１の上面には、各セル２１の内部で正負の電極が接触するような異常状態の際に各セル２１から発生するガスを逃がすための逃がし管２６が取り付けられている。逃がし管２６の端面には発生したガスによってセル２１の内圧が上昇した際に破裂してセル２１内部のガスを外部に逃がすラプチャーディスク２６ａが設けられている。電池パック２０の上面には逃がし管２６から放出されたガスを集合するチャンバ２７が設けられている。チャンバ２７にはガスを車室１１に排出するガス排出路２８が設けられている。
　図２（ａ）に示すように、電池パック２０は、板状のセル２１を立てて電池パック２０のケーシング２２の幅方向に隙間をあけて並べたものである。それぞれのセル２１から蓄電電力を取り出し、合計して電池パック２０の出力として出力する。各セル２１の間の隙間には冷却ファン２４によって空気吸込み管路２３から空気排出管路２５に向かって冷却空気が流され、各セル２１は運転範囲温度となるように冷却される。図２（ａ）及び図２（ｂ）に示すように、各セル２１の中央の上部には逃がし管２６とラプチャーディスク２６ａとが設けられている。各セル２１には、各セル２１の出力電圧を測定するセル電圧センサ３２と各セル２１の温度を測定するセル温度センサ３１とがそれぞれ取り付けられている。
　図２（ｂ）に示すように、電池パック２０の上部に設けられたチャンバ２７の上側の内部にガス温度センサ３３と、一酸化炭素ガスセンサ３４と、水素ガスセンサ３５とが取り付けられている。これらの各センサ３３，３４，３５は各セル２１に設けられている各逃がし管２６の直上付近に取り付けられ、各セル２１から放出されたガスが直接各センサ３３，３４，３５にあたって感度よく温度、一酸化炭素ガス、水素ガスの検出をすることができるよう構成されている。なお、ガス温度センサ３３と、一酸化炭素ガスセンサ３４と、水素ガスセンサ３５をチャンバ２７の上部内面の中央付近に１つずつ取り付けてもよい。また、図２（ｂ）に示すように、ガスを車室１１に排出するガス排出路２８にはガス温度センサ３６と、一酸化炭素ガスセンサ３７と、水素ガスセンサ３８とが取り付けられている。
　各セル２１に取り付けられ、各セル２１の出力電圧を測定するセル電圧センサ３２、各セル２１の温度を測定するセル温度センサ３１及び、チャンバ２７に取り付けられたガス温度センサ３３と、一酸化炭素ガスセンサ３４と、水素ガスセンサ３５及びガス排出路２８に取り付けられた温度センサ３６と、一酸化炭素ガスセンサ３７と、水素ガスセンサ３８とはリチウムイオン電池である電池パック２０の状態を検出する電池状態検出手段を構成する。
　図３に示すように、電池パック２０に取り付けられた各センサ３１～３８はそれぞれ電動車両１００に搭載される制御部５０に接続されている。本実施形態では、制御部５０は、内部にＣＰＵとメモリとを備えるコンピュータである。なお、図中の一点鎖線は信号線を示す。図３に示すように、制御部５０は外気導入機構始動手段５１と窓開放開始手段５２とを備えている。電動車両１００の空調ファン１７と流路切り替えダンパ１９とは、ファン・ダンパインターフェース５４を介して制御部５０に接続され、制御部５０の指令によって駆動されるよう構成されている。また、電動車両１００のドア４０の窓ガラス４１を開閉駆動する駆動モータ４２は窓ガラス駆動機構インターフェース５５を介して制御部５０に接続され、制御部５０の指令によって駆動されるよう構成されている。
　以上説明したように構成される電動車両１００の動作について、図４と図５を参照しながら説明する。図４のステップＳ１０１に示すように、制御部５０は、セル温度センサ３１とセル電圧センサ３２によって電池パック２０の各セル２１の温度、電圧を取得する。また制御部５０は電池パック２０のチャンバ２７に設けられた各センサ３３～３５によってチャンバ２７のガス温度、一酸化炭素濃度、水素濃度を取得する。また、制御部５０はガス排出路２８に設けられた各センサ３６～３８によってガス排出路２８のガス温度、一酸化炭素濃度、水素濃度を取得する。そして、制御部５０は図４のステップＳ１０２に示すように、電池パック２０に異常が発生しているかどうかを判断する。
　図５に示す時間ゼロの時点では、各セル２１のセル電圧は通常出力で、セル温度、ガス排出路２８の一酸化炭素濃度はいずれも閾値以下となっている。このような状態の場合には、制御部５０は、電池パック２０が正常で、発煙はないと判断し、図４に示すステップＳ１０１に戻って各センサ３１～３８によって電池パック２０の状態を監視する。
　一方、図５の時間ｔ1に示すように、１つまたは複数のセル２１のセル電圧が略ゼロに低下すると共に、セル温度が閾値以上となり、更にガス排出路２８の一酸化炭素濃度が閾値以上となった場合には、制御部５０は電池パック２０に異常が発生したものと判断する。これは、セル２１の内部で正負の電極が接触して出力電圧がゼロになり、セル２１の内部での電池の温度の上昇によってセル内部にガスが発生し、そのガス圧力によってラプチャーディスク２６ａが破れて一酸化炭素を含むガスがセル２１からチャンバ２７を経てガス排出路２８に流れ、車室１１内にガスが煙となって侵入する状態となっていると判断することができる為である。
　この異常発生の判断は様々なセンサによって判断するようにすることができる。上記の実施形態では、セル電圧とセル温度と一酸化炭素濃度がいずれも閾値を越えた場合に異常が発生したと判断したが、例えば、セル電圧が略ゼロで一酸化炭素濃度が所定の値よりも大きくなった場合に電池パック２０に異常が発生したものと判断しても良いし、温度と一酸化炭素濃度が閾値を越えた場合に電池パック２０に異常が発生したものと判断するようにしても良い。また、一酸化炭素濃度に代えて、ガスの中に含まれているもうひとつの特徴的な成分である水素濃度が閾値を越えた場合に電池パック２０に異常が発生したものと判断しても良い。
　制御部５０は、電池パック２０に異常が発生したと判断した場合には、図４のステップＳ１０３に示すように、その異常状態が所定の時間継続したかどうかを判断する。例えば、制御部５０は、所定間隔ごとに各センサ３１～３８によって電池の状態を取得し、その結果異常状態と判断されるごとにカウンタを１つずつ積算し、カウンタが所定の数値に達した場合に所定時間だけ異常状態が継続したと判断するようにしてもよいし、電池パック２０が異常と判断した際に制御部５０内のタイマを起動し、所定時間後に各センサ３１～３８によって電池状態を取得し、その際に電池パック２０が異常状態にある場合には、所定の時間だけ異常状態が継続したと判断するようにしても良い。
　制御部５０は、図５の時間Δｔのように、所定時間だけ電池パック２０の異常状態が継続したと判断すると、図４のステップＳ１０４、図５の時間ｔ2に示すように、電池パック２０から煙が発生している状態が確定したと判断する。
　制御部５０は電池パック２０からの発煙が確定すると、図４のステップＳ１０５及び図５の時間ｔ3に示すように、外気導入機構始動手段５１によって外気導入指令をファン・ダンパインターフェース５４に出力する。この指令によってファン・ダンパインターフェース５４は流路切り替えダンパ１９を外気吸い込み管１６側に切り替えると共に空調ファン１７を始動させ、外気を空気吹き出し管１８から車室１１内に導入する。この際、空調ファン１７の回転数を高回転モードに設定して導入する外気を増やすようにしても良い。また、制御部５０は図４のステップＳ１０６及び図５の時間ｔ4に示すように、窓開放開始手段５２によって窓を開放する指令を窓ガラス駆動機構インターフェース５５出力する。この指令によって、窓ガラス駆動機構インターフェース５５は、駆動モータ４２を始動して窓ガラス４１を降下させて窓の開放を行う。窓ガラス４１の降下は窓が全開となるまで降下させることとしても良いし、半開まで降下させることとしてもよい。
　空気吹き出し管１８から車室１１内に外気が導入されると共に、窓ガラス４１が降下して窓が開放されると、車室１１内は外気によって換気され、ガス排出路２８から車室１１内に侵入した煙は開放された窓から車室１１の外部に排出される。図５に示すように、発煙確定からしばらくすると、セル２１からのガスの放出が停止し、ガス排出路２８の一酸化炭素濃度は急速に低下し、初期の状態に戻る。また、セル２１の温度も時間と共に低下し、しばらくすると略初期の温度に戻る。
　制御部５０は、図４のステップＳ１０７に示すように、外気を導入すると共に窓を開放してから所定の時間が経過したかどうかを判断する。これは制御部５０内部のタイマによって時間カウントしても良いし、制御部５０内部の積算カウンで時間を積算しても良い。
　制御部５０は、外気を導入すると共に窓を開放してから所定の時間が経過したと判断した場合には、図５の時間ｔ5に図４のステップＳ１０８とステップＳ１０９に示すように、ファン・ダンパインターフェース５４に外気導入停止指令を出力する。ファン・ダンパインターフェース５４はこの指令によって、空調ファン１７を停止し、流路切り替えダンパ１９を車室空気吸い込み管１５側に切り替える。制御部５０は窓開放停止指令を窓ガラス駆動機構インターフェース５５に出力する。この指令によって、図５の時間ｔ6に窓ガラス駆動機構インターフェース５５は駆動モータ４２を停止し、窓の開放を停止する。この場合、既に窓が全開となっていた場合には、窓ガラス４１の移動は行われず、全開状態が維持される。
　以上説明したように、本実施形態によれば、リチウムイオン電池の電池パック２０の各セル２１或いはチャンバ２７、ガス排出路２８に取り付けたセンサ３１～３８によって電池パック２０の異常の検出と発煙の判断を行っているので、電池パック２０から煙が発生した際に速やかに煙を車外に排出することができ、煙による視界不良を抑制することができるという効果を奏する。また、電池パック２０からの煙が発生していない場合に、空調ファン１７の始動や窓の開放を行うことが抑制されるので、ユーザに違和感を与えることが無いという効果を奏する。
　本実施形態によれば、電動車両１００の衝突などによって電池パック２０に衝撃が加わることによる煙の発生以外に、例えば、内部短絡、過充電、過熱などの電池パック２０のセル２１の異常によって煙が発生した場合も、速やかに煙を車外に排出することができるという効果を奏する。
　１０　車体、１１　車室、１４　カバー、１５　車室空気吸い込み管、１６　外気吸い込み管、１７　空調ファン、１８　空気吹き出し管、１９　流路切り替えダンパ、２０　電池パック、２１　セル、２２　ケーシング、２３　空気吸い込み管路、２４　冷却ファン、２５　空気排出管路、２６ａ　ラプチャーディスク、２６　逃がし管、２７　チャンバ、２８　ガス排出路、３１　セル温度センサ、３２　セル電圧センサ、３３，３６　ガス温度センサ、３４，３７　一酸化炭素ガスセンサ、３５，３８　水素ガスセンサ、４０　ドア、４１　窓ガラス、４２　駆動モータ、５０　制御部、５１　外気導入機構始動手段、５２　窓開放開始手段、５４　ファン・ダンパインターフェース、５５　窓ガラス駆動機構インターフェース、１００　電動車両、ｔ1～ｔ6　時間、Δｔ　時間。

Claims (5)

  1. 　電動車両であって、
    　車室内に搭載されているリチウムイオン電池と、
    　リチウムイオン電池の状態を検出する電池状態検出手段と、
    　車室内の空気を換気する換気機構と、
    　換気機構の始動停止を行う制御部と、を備え、
    　制御部は、
    　電池状態検出手段によって検出した電池状態値が所定の閾値を越えている際にはリチウムイオン電池の異常と判断し、換気機構を始動する換気機構始動手段を備える電動車両。
  2. 　請求項１に記載の電動車両であって、
    　リチウムイオン電池の状態が異常の際にリチウムイオン電池から発生するガスを車室内に排出するガス排出路を含み、
    　電池状態検出手段は、リチウムイオン電池に取りつけられた電圧センサと温度センサと、ガス排出路に設けられたガスセンサとガス温度センサと、のいずれか１つまたは複数の組み合わせであり、
    　換気機構は、
    　外気を車室内に導入する外気導入機構と、車室の窓ガラスを駆動モータによって移動させる窓ガラス駆動機構と、を含み、
    　換気始動手段は、外気導入機構始動手段と、窓ガラス駆動機構によって窓ガラスの開放を開始する窓開放開始手段と、を含む電動車両。
  3. 　請求項２に記載の電動車両であって、
    　リチウムイオン電池上部を覆い、ガス排出路が接続され、リチウムイオン電池が異常の際にリチウムイオン電池から発生したガスを集合させるチャンバを備え、
    　ガスセンサまたはガス温度センサいずれか一方または両方がチャンバの上部内面に設けられている電動車両。
  4. 　請求項２に記載の電動車両であって、
    　ガスセンサは、一酸化炭素ガスセンサまたは水素ガスセンサの何れか一方または両方である電動車両。
  5. 　請求項３に記載の電動車両であって、
    　ガスセンサは、一酸化炭素ガスセンサまたは水素ガスセンサの何れか一方または両方である電動車両。
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