WO2005080679A1 - ナノファイバー配合溶液、乳液およびゲル状物およびその製造方法、ならびにナノファイバー合成紙およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ナノファイバー配合溶液、乳液およびゲル状物およびその製造方法、ならびにナノファイバー合成紙およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005080679A1 WO2005080679A1 PCT/JP2005/002310 JP2005002310W WO2005080679A1 WO 2005080679 A1 WO2005080679 A1 WO 2005080679A1 JP 2005002310 W JP2005002310 W JP 2005002310W WO 2005080679 A1 WO2005080679 A1 WO 2005080679A1
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- nanofiber
- synthetic paper
- dispersant
- fibers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
- D21H5/12—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials
- D21H5/14—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of cellulose fibres only
- D21H5/141—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of cellulose fibres only of fibrous cellulose derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/88—Polyamides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0241—Containing particulates characterized by their shape and/or structure
- A61K8/027—Fibers; Fibrils
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/86—Polyethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
- D21H5/008—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials as well as special compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
- D21H5/12—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials
- D21H5/20—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of organic non-cellulosic fibres too short for spinning, with or without cellulose fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q1/00—Make-up preparations; Body powders; Preparations for removing make-up
- A61Q1/02—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/608—Including strand or fiber material which is of specific structural definition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
- Y10T442/64—Islands-in-sea multicomponent strand or fiber material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/68—Melt-blown nonwoven fabric
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microfiber having a fiber diameter on the order of nanometers (nm), which is useful in the fields of cosmetics, paints, medicals, electronic materials, and the like (hereinafter referred to as nanofiber).
- nanofiber a microfiber having a fiber diameter on the order of nanometers (nm), which is useful in the fields of cosmetics, paints, medicals, electronic materials, and the like (hereinafter referred to as nanofiber).
- nanofiber nanofiber
- the present invention also relates to a synthetic paper having a small pore area and a uniform pore diameter, which also constitutes a nanofiber, and a method for producing the same.
- cosmetics various functions have recently been proposed! For example, cosmetics that have good adhesion to the skin, which is easy to maintain healthy skin, and have good wash-off, such as aging of collagen, hyaluronic acid, squalane, urea, etc.
- Cosmetics that can prevent rough skin, UV-absorbing agents such as benzophenone and zinc oxide, prevent black spots and spots, freckles, melanin production inhibitors such as arbutin and squalane, and skin cell activity inhibitors
- UV-absorbing agents such as benzophenone and zinc oxide
- melanin production inhibitors such as arbutin and squalane
- skin cell activity inhibitors Whitening cosmetics, glycerin, hyaluronic acid, silicone, lanolin and other moisturizers and moisturizing agents that can retain moist and fresh skin, cosmetics that can improve the moisturization of organic substances, and prevent dullness and shine Cosmetics, and cosmetics that can express a high-class feeling such as transparency and color tone.
- Such uniform dispersion of the oil component fine particles and the solid component fine particles can be improved to some extent by conventional methods such as selecting the type of lipid and controlling the surface tension by optimizing the surfactant.
- selecting the type of lipid and controlling the surface tension by optimizing the surfactant can be improved to some extent by conventional methods such as selecting the type of lipid and controlling the surface tension by optimizing the surfactant.
- its long-term storage stability becomes more difficult as the diameter of the fine particles becomes smaller. For example, there is a problem that the original purpose of uniformly dispersing nanoparticles is not achieved.
- Such a dispersant when it is made into fine particles, has the ability to spread when applied to the skin and has a superior touch.
- Acrylamide itself has a sticky feeling when used, and is refreshing and cool when using cosmetics. There was a drawback that the feeling and natural feeling were impaired. [0008] For this reason, the uniform dispersibility and long-term storage stability of the compounding agent and the fine particles, the adhesion to the skin are good, and the smoothness and smoothness are excellent, and the feeling of stickiness during use is excellent. Materials that excel in freshness, refreshing sensation, and naturalness when using natural cosmetics were required.
- a method has been proposed in which a clay material such as talc or bentonite or an inorganic particle is used as a carrier and a compounding agent is adhered to the carrier to disperse it. ; not only is it difficult to disperse evenly in cosmetics because it is as large as zm or more, but also because the carrier has a large particle size, there is a feeling of roughness when using cosmetics, and the freshness and the natural feeling are impaired. was there.
- a force having a fiber length of 11 to 200 m is a short fiber.
- the fiber diameter is about 10 m. Because it is more like a silk powder of 10 m or more than a fine fiber, it is large when viewed as particles, and the silk powder itself has poor dispersibility and precipitates easily The properties required as a material for carrying and dispersing the nanoparticle were insufficient. further.
- cellulose fibers are used (for example, JP-A-62-39507). However, when such cellulose fibrils are used, the variation in the diameter of cellulose fibril fibers is as large as 1Z10-1Z100.
- nanofibers having a cellulosic power for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 13-2523.
- problems such as shattering and mold generation during storage of the dispersion due to cellulose. From this point of view, it has been required to use ultrafine fibers made of synthetic polymers rather than cellulose.
- the use of ultrafine fibers made of a synthetic polymer is intended to obtain a velvet-like lustrous, natural hairy tone of infant hair growth.
- the fiber length of the ultrafine fibers used here is as short as 50 m or less, the fiber diameter is 2 m (0.055 dtex).
- the fiber diameter was too large, the flexibility was poor, the skin did not fit well, and there was a feeling of incongruity even when used, and the fiber itself was poorly dispersible in water and oils and had poor compatibility with fine particles. .
- they are used as ultrafine fibers in woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics, their application is difficult in the cosmetics field due to the lack of fineness and flexibility.
- paper making using binders in combination with polyester fiber has been considered for the case of about 11 m (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-118700), but when viewed as paper, There was a lack of flexibility.
- the thickness of the paper was reduced to improve the flexibility and improve the air permeability, it was impossible to obtain a uniform and well-formed paper with poor dispersibility due to the thick fibers.
- the thickness of the paper was forcibly reduced, there was a case where it became impractical, such as unevenness in the basis weight.
- sea-island composite fibers or split composite fibers of 10 m or less with a high-pressure liquid flow for synthetic paper of ultrafine fibers has been proposed (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-169899).
- a high-pressure liquid flow for synthetic paper of ultrafine fibers has been proposed (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-169899).
- sea-island composite type polyester fibers are dispersed and beaten in water to obtain a synthetic paper of polyester fibers having a diameter of 1.5-4 / zm (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-10992).
- a synthetic paper (separator material) is obtained from fibers obtained by beating beaten split conjugate fibers of a polyolefin-based resin having different components (for example, JP-A-2003-59482).
- JP-A-2003-59482 was about 5 ⁇ m, and the shape of the split single fiber was not uniform, so that the fiber diameter varied widely.
- ultra-fine bundled fibers of sea-island composite type and split type fibers and synthetic papers using these short fibers have been disclosed (for example, JP-A-2003-253555). Was as large as 2-7 m.
- the fibers are collected as a synthetic paper-like non-woven fabric by bundling the fibers.
- single-fiber diameters of several lOnm levels can be obtained, and in some cases, the diameter can be reduced to 1Z10 or less, compared to the conventional polymer blend technology.
- Most of the target polymers are biopolymers such as collagen and water-soluble polymers, but there are also cases where a thermoplastic polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent and electrospun.
- dtex indicates a fiber thickness (JIS L 0101) (1978) where the fiber has a weight lg of 10,000 m.
- the specific gravity is converted to 1.14 (equivalent to nylon 6), which is obtained by the following equation. .
- the calculation may be performed by substituting the specific gravity specific to the polymer in the above formula.
- the present invention is characterized by excellent uniform dispersibility and long-term stability of dispersion, and also excellent as cosmetics. It is an object of the present invention to provide a compound solution, an emulsion and a gel having properties.
- the present invention also provides a synthetic paper which can be widely applied and developed without restriction on the shape or polymer and which can be used as a nanofiber having a small diameter of a single fiber and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention has the following configurations in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.
- It is made of a plastic polymer, and comprises a fiber dispersion having a diameter of a single fiber of 500 nm by number average, a sum Pa of the single fiber ratio of 60% or more, and a solvent. Formulation solution.
- composition comprising a plastic polymer, a fiber dispersion having a diameter of a single fiber of 200 nm by number average, a fiber dispersion having a sum Pa of the single fiber ratio of 60% or more, and a solvent. Solution.
- thermoplastic polymer polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, polyphenylene (1) one of (1) to (9), characterized in that it is at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfide, phenolic resin, polyacrylonitrile, polybutyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyurethane, fluoropolymer, and derivatives thereof.
- the formulated solution according to any one of the above.
- dispersant is at least one selected from the group consisting of a noon-based dispersant, an aeon-based dispersant, and a cationic dispersant.
- thermoplastic polymer resin comprising a fiber dispersion having a diameter of a single fiber of 500 nm by number average, a sum Pa of the single fiber ratio of 60% or more, and a solvent. Latex.
- An emulsion comprising a thermoplastic polymer, a fiber dispersion having a number average diameter diameter of a single fiber of 200 nm, a sum Pa of the single fiber ratio of 60% or more, and a solvent.
- thermoplastic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, polyphenylene sulfide, phenolic resin, polyacrylonitrile, polybutyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyurethane, fluoropolymer and derivatives thereof.
- dispersant according to any of (29) to (31), wherein the dispersant is at least one selected from the group consisting of a non-on dispersant, an a-on dispersant, and a cationic dispersant.
- the dispersant is at least one selected from the group consisting of a non-on dispersant, an a-on dispersant, and a cationic dispersant.
- a gel comprising a thermoplastic polymer and comprising a fiber dispersion having a diameter average force of a single fiber of 500 nm, a sum Pa of the single fiber ratio of 60% or more, and a solvent. object.
- a gel comprising a thermoplastic polymer, comprising a fiber dispersion having a number average diameter force of a single fiber of 200 nm, a sum Pa of the single fiber ratio of 60% or more, and a solvent. object.
- the fiber dispersion comprises short fibers having a fiber length of 0.2-lmm.
- Thermoplastic polymer power Polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, polyphenylene sulfide, phenolic resin, polyacrylonitrile, polybutyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyurethane, fluoropolymer, and derivatives thereof.
- a nanofiber synthetic paper comprising a thermoplastic polymer nanofiber dispersion having a single fiber number average diameter of 1-1500 nm and a sum Pa of single fibers of 60% or more.
- thermoplastic polymer constituting the nanofiber dispersion polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, polyphenylene sulfide, phenol resin, polyacrylonitrile, polybutyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyurethane, polyfluorinated polymer, and the like.
- the nanofiber synthetic paper according to any one of the above (58) to (70) further comprising at least 5 wt% or more of other fibers having a single fiber number average diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more.
- a composite synthetic paper comprising the nanofiber synthetic paper according to any one of the above (58) to (74).
- a method for producing a synthetic paper of nanofibers which is a method for producing a synthetic paper by dispersing the nanofiber short fibers after beating and dispersing the resulting fibers to produce a synthetic paper, without using a binder.
- a noble metal or metal oxide having a size of 1 m or less can be obtained.
- nanofibers such as fineness and specific surface area, lotions, lotions, liquid foundations, shampoos, rinses, emulsions, cold creams, cleansing creams, shaving creams, hair creams, gels for packs and ointments
- the nanofibers of the present invention can be blended with hair styling gels, face washing gels, stone gels, knocking materials, and the like, and applied to many types of cosmetics.
- nanofibers such as dispersibility, uniformity, and preservability are not limited to cosmetics, but are also used in medical fields such as ointments and poultices, cell culture substrates, protein adsorbents, batteries, and the like.
- Electrolyte materials for use ⁇ Materials for catalyst carriers for fuel cells, materials for catalyst carriers for chemical filters, and electronic base materials such as adsorbents for harmful gases ⁇ Fields of electronic related equipment, paints containing various fillers and pigments It is also effective in the field of construction materials such as adhesives and coating materials for wall materials, in the field of industrial materials such as filters for purification and activated carbon and fine particles such as titanium oxide, etc. for painting filters, and for paints for painting. is there.
- the blended solution, emulsion and gel-like substance of the present invention use various substances (eg, fine particles, chemical substances, Surface activity at the nanometer level, such as adsorption and absorption of proteins, pathogens, etc., ecological compatibility and compatibility. Chemical interactions on the surface are expected.
- various substances eg, fine particles, chemical substances, Surface activity at the nanometer level, such as adsorption and absorption of proteins, pathogens, etc., ecological compatibility and compatibility. Chemical interactions on the surface are expected.
- filters eg, air filters, chemical filters, filters for water purification
- filters for masks e.g, battery separators
- blood filter materials in the medical field And extracorporeal circulation substrates cell culture substrates
- insulating materials for electronic materials ⁇ Electronic substrates, decorative paper, wiping paper, furniture decorative paper and wallpaper, high-grade printing paper, design paper, high-quality printing
- conventional nanofibers made of ultrafine fibers or electrospun fibers are not sufficient to ensure uniform fiber diameters or to precisely control pore size, nonwoven fabric weight, thickness, density, etc.
- the nanofiber of the present invention it is possible to design a highly accurate material, and to provide a practical synthetic paper.
- nano-level interactions such as adsorption and absorption of various substances (fine particles, chemical substances, proteins, etc.), which are difficult to handle with conventional synthetic fibers and ultrafine fibers, as well as biocompatibility and compatibility. It is possible and the conventional problem can be solved by the synthetic paper of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a spinning machine for “polymer alloy fibers” to be used as a raw fiber of nanofibers.
- FIG. 2 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph showing an example of a cross-sectional island shape of the polymer alloy fiber of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is an ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph showing an example of the shape of nylon nanofibers on the surface of the synthetic paper of Example 29.
- FIG. 4 is an image-processed image of the synthetic paper surface photograph of Example 29 (FIG. 3) for hole measurement.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a force desealing apparatus.
- FIG. 6 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph showing an example of the cross-sectional fiber shape of the PPS nanofiber of Example 42.
- thermoplastic polymer constituting the fiber dispersion of the present invention examples include polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and the like.
- polyester examples include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polylactic acid (PLA).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polytrimethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PLA polylactic acid
- polyamide examples include nylon 6 (N6), nylon 66 (N66), and nylon 11 (Ni1).
- polyolefin examples include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS).
- thermoplastic polymers In addition to the above-described thermoplastic polymers, it is of course possible to use phenol / polyester / polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polybutyl alcohol (PVA), polysulfone, fluorine-based polymers, and derivatives thereof.
- PAN phenol / polyester / polyacrylonitrile
- PVA polybutyl alcohol
- polysulfone polysulfone
- fluorine-based polymers and derivatives thereof.
- polycondensation polymers represented by polyesters and polyamides having a high melting point, such as PP at 165 ° C, PLA at 170 ° C, N6 at 220 ° C, and PET at 255 ° C is there.
- these polymers may contain compounding agents such as fine particles, flame retardants, and antistatic agents. Further, other components may be copolymerized as long as the properties of the polymer are not impaired.
- a polymer having a melting point of 300 ° C. or less is preferred from the viewpoint of ease of melt spinning.
- polyamides represented by N6 and N66 have excellent water absorption and water retention properties. Therefore, by virtue of these characteristics, polyamide nanofibers are blended with the blended solution, emulsion or gel of the present invention. By doing so, it can be suitably used for dangling applications and the like.
- PPS exhibits excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance, and also has low moisture absorption, so it has excellent dimensional stability when made into synthetic paper. It can be suitably used for applications such as a base.
- the fiber dispersion used in the present invention refers to a nanofiber having a diameter of a single fiber (number average diameter of a single fiber) within a range of 500 nm by number average, and the form of the single fiber is a fraction of the single fiber. It is what was scattered.
- the length and cross-sectional shape of a fibrous form are not limited.
- the average value and the variation of the single fiber diameter of the nanofiber are important. Long-term stability such that nanofibers are evenly dispersed in compounded solutions, emulsions, gels, and synthetic paper, and especially in compounded solutions, emulsions, and gels, the nanofibers do not agglomerate or settle over time.
- the single fiber number average diameter is 1 to 500 nm, preferably 1 to 200 nm, and more preferably 1 to 150 nm. More preferably, there is.
- the synthetic paper of the present invention when used for a filter, high performance and high efficiency collection are required as required characteristics, and when used for a separator, etc., a high liquid shielding property is required as a required characteristic. Therefore, it is desirable that the diameter of the single fiber of the nanofiber is smaller.In this case, it is preferable that the number average diameter of the single fiber is 1 to 150 nm, and it is more preferable that the diameter is 1-1 OO nm! / ,.
- the single fiber number average diameter is evaluated by the measurement method “H. SEM observation of nanofiber” and “1. single fiber number average diameter ⁇ m” in Examples described later, The variation in single fiber diameter can be found in “H. SEM observation of nanofiber” and “J. Evaluation of sum Pa of fiber ratios and K. Evaluation of concentration index Pb of single fiber diameter of nanofibers.
- the number average diameter of a single fiber is determined by sampling a blended solution, an emulsion, a gel-like material, and carbon nanofibers in synthetic paper, and measuring the surface of the sampled nanofiber with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or a scanning electron microscope. Observed by (SEM), the diameter of 30 randomly selected single fibers on the same surface was measured, and the sampling and sampling were performed 10 times. The simple average value was obtained from the data of a total of 300 single fibers. In the present invention, this is referred to as “single fiber number average diameter ⁇ mj. In the present invention, it is important that the single fiber number average diameter is 1 to 500 nm.
- the variation in the diameter of the single fiber of the nanofiber is evaluated as follows.
- a method of dividing into arbitrary sections for example, when the number average diameter of single fibers ⁇ m is 500 nm or less, one section can be set to 110 nm and n can be set to 10-100 sections. (For comparison, if the single fiber number average diameter ⁇ m exceeds 500 nm, one section can be less than the lZl 0 interval of the number average diameter ⁇ m and n can be about 10 sections to 100 sections).
- the frequency fi of a nanofiber having a single fiber diameter ⁇ i in the same section is counted, and the result obtained by dividing by N is the ratio of the single fiber diameter to Pi.
- Pa can be obtained by simply adding Pi to individual fiZNs up to section number r in the range of 1 to 500 nm.
- each fiZN up to the section number r within the range of 500nm is calculated. Good luck.
- the nanofiber has a Pa of 60% or more, preferably 65% or more, more preferably 70% or more.
- the larger Pa means that the ratio of the number of nanofibers in the present invention is large and the number of coarse single fibers is small. As a result, the function of the nanofiber can be sufficiently exhibited, and the quality stability of the product can be improved.
- the concentration index Pb of the diameter of a single fiber indicates the concentration near the average diameter of the single fiber.
- a distribution table (histogram) of the frequency fj for the section of the square value% i of the single fiber diameter ⁇ i is created based on this data.
- % I a table of values Pj obtained by integrating the frequency numbers fj is created in advance.
- the square value X i of the single fiber diameter ⁇ i is proportional to the weight of the fiber (cylindrical), it corresponds to dtex, that is, the distribution for fineness, as can be seen from equation (1).
- An approximation function Q (fourth to sixth-order function of% i) of the “integrated frequency number Pj” for this% i is created using Ethacell (Excel) (product name) manufactured by Microsoft. Then, the median value of the average diameter of the single fibers ⁇ ⁇ is taken as the median, the squared value of ⁇ plus 15 ⁇ m is given as ⁇ a, and the squared value of ⁇ m minus 15 nm is given as ⁇ b.
- the index Pb is calculated by the following formula.
- the concentration index Pb of the single fiber diameter representing the ratio of the fibers entering 3 Onm before and after the average value of the single fiber number average diameter as the median is 50% or more. % Is more preferable, and is more preferably 70% or more. This means that the variation of the diameter of the single fiber is concentrated near the single fiber number average diameter, and that the higher the Pb, the smaller the variation of the diameter of the single fiber.
- the actual measuring method of the actual single fiber number average diameter ⁇ ⁇ , the sum of the single fiber ratio Pa, and the concentration index Pb of the single fiber diameter is shown in the examples described later.
- a compound solution, an emulsion, or a gel can be prepared by using the nanofiber dispersion.
- This can be achieved for the first time with the nanofibers described above.
- the nanofibers can usually be collected only in the form of non-woven fabric. There is no idea of dispersing itself, and it is difficult to do this. In fact, the example of dispersing nanofibers in a solvent was powerless.
- a polymer alloy fiber is obtained by a melt spinning method with high productivity, a sea component is removed therefrom to form a nanofiber aggregate, which is further shortened, then beaten and dispersed. Therefore, it was possible for the first time to efficiently produce the above-mentioned mixed solution, emulsion, and gel-like material in order to obtain a nanofiber dispersion.
- the nanofiber-containing solution, emulsion, and gel of the present invention are composed of a nanofiber dispersion and a solvent or gel.
- the blended solution, emulsion, or gel of the present invention refers to a liquid or a solid in which nanofibers or nanofibers and other drugs are blended in a solvent or gel.
- the compounding solution referred to in the present invention is a solution in which a nanofiber dispersion is dispersed in a solvent at a relatively low concentration, and has a relatively low viscosity and a high fluidity. Also, a nanofiber dispersion having a relatively high concentration in a solvent or gel and having a relatively high viscosity and a low fluidity is defined as a gel. Further, the blended solution forms an emulsion, in which the nanofiber dispersion is dispersed in the emulsion at a relatively low concentration, and what is defined as an emulsion.
- the solvent or the gel also functions as a dispersion medium of the nanofibers that only dissolves the blended components other than the nanofibers in the blended solution, emulsion, or gel.
- the solvent is
- oils include natural oils such as linseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, cocoa oil, coconut oil, palm oil, mokuro, etc. , Waxes, higher fatty acids, silicone oils, crosslinked silicone oils, etc., and can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- organic solvent examples include alcohols, esters, glycols, glycerins, ketones, ethers, amines, lower fatty acids such as lactic acid'butyric acid, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, furfuryl alcohol, acetonitrile, and lactic acid.
- methyl, ethyl lactate, etc. and they can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the nanofiber dispersion in which the diameter of the single fiber used in the present invention is 11 to 500 nm is from the viewpoint of improving dispersibility, the freeness is preferably 350 or less. In addition, this improves the papermaking properties of the nanofibers and makes the dispersion of the nanofibers in the synthetic paper uniform, so that a high-performance synthetic paper with good formation even with a low basis weight can be obtained. it can.
- the freeness is more preferably 200 or less, more preferably 100 or less.
- the lower limit of the freeness is preferably 5 or more.
- nanofibers having a diameter of 11 to 500 nm of a single fiber used in the present invention are two types of conventional fibers, a fiber having a diameter of 10 / zm or more (hereinafter referred to as normal fiber) and a fiber having a diameter of more than 0.5 / zm and 10 m or less (hereinafter referred to as microfiber).
- Table 1 shows examples of typical fiber diameters of the fibers used in the present invention (Nanofiber Eight, B) having a diameter of 0.5111 (50011111) or less.
- Equation (1) holds.
- dtex is the thickness (JIS L 0101) of a fiber having a length of 10,000 m and a weight of lg.
- the diameter of a single fiber ⁇ m can be obtained by the following equation.
- ⁇ n6 10.6 X (dtex) 1/2
- Conventional fibers and ordinary fibers (hereinafter collectively referred to as conventional fibers) as conventional fibers, and the diameter used in the present invention is 11 to 500 nm
- Table 1 shows nanofibers A with a diameter of 200 nm and nanofibers B with a diameter of 60 nm.
- the fiber diameter referred to here is the single fiber number average diameter ⁇ ⁇ defined by the above equation (1), and as shown in the examples described later, the transmission electron microscope ( ⁇ ) or the scanning electron microscope Measured from a mirror (SEM).
- Table 1 shows a comparison between the number of fibers contained per 1 ml of an aqueous solution or a lotion and a specific surface area of a 0.0 ⁇ % concentration of fibers cut into 2 mm.
- Table 1 shows a comparison between the number of fibers contained per 1 ml of an aqueous solution or a lotion and a specific surface area of a 0.0 ⁇ % concentration of fibers cut into 2 mm.
- Table 1 shows a comparison between the number of fibers contained per 1 ml of an aqueous solution or a lotion and a specific surface area of a 0.0 ⁇ % concentration of fibers cut into 2 mm.
- the nanofiber distribution of the present invention is exploited by utilizing features such as a fine fiber diameter and a large specific surface area.
- Various cosmetics can be obtained as described below by using the combined solution, emulsion, and gel-like material alone or in combination.
- cosmetics include lotions (eg, general shaving lotion, cologne, after shaving lotion, sunscreen lotion, etc.) and cream emulsions (eg, general shading lotion, after shaving cream, cleansing Creams, cold creams, shaving creams, hand creams, sun creams, etc.), foundations (eg, liquid foundations, creamy foundations, solid foundations, etc.), and whitenings (eg, creamy whitening, solid whitening, Powdering, baby powder, body powder, etc.), hair cosmetics (eg, hair oil, set lotion, chick, hair cream, hair tonic, hair liquid, hair spray, pomade, etc.) and detergent cosmetics (eg, : Shampoo, ri Lipsticks (eg, lipstick, lip balm, etc.), knocks, eyebrows ⁇ cosmetics (eg, eye shadow, eyeliner, eye cream, lipstick, Mascara, eyebrows, etc.), nail enamels, dentifrices, gels for ointments, etc.
- lotions eg, general shaving lotion, c
- oils having a dispersion diameter of the order of S microns ultra-fine particles of noble metals or other compounding agents having a nano-level of several nm to several 100 nm are contained in lotions and emulsions. Even with the addition of various dispersants, it has been difficult to make the dispersibility of ultrafine particles that are very easy to aggregate uniform. Even if the particles are uniformly dispersed, if they are stored for a long period of time, the uniformity of the dispersion may be reduced, and separation or sedimentation may occur due to aggregation. Once separated, it was difficult to return the particles to the dispersed state as in the early days, even if the contents were agitated by shaking the bottle.
- the above problem can be solved by using the nanofiber-containing solution, emulsion, or gel-like material of the present invention.
- the nanofiber-containing solution of the present invention as shown in Table 1, the nanofiber contains 18 million fibers per 1 ml of the solution and has a very large specific surface area.
- the ratio of the fiber length (L) to the fiber diameter (D), that is, the aspect ratio is 10,000 to 33000 as shown in Table 1. Is a very long fiber. Therefore, when the nanofibers are added to the blended solution, emulsion, or gel, the above-mentioned micron-level fine particles and nanofine particles can be uniformly carried on the nanofiber surface.
- nanofibers to disperse fine particles of noble metal having a high specific gravity or various kinds of compounded particles such as an ultraviolet ray shielding agent without agglomeration or to prevent aggregation of the particles.
- fine and long nanofibers move against fine particles that have started to flocculate or form clusters in the solution, causing them to stir or squeeze and break the floc-cluster, resulting in uniformity. It is also possible to perform a good dispersion.
- nanofibers there are 18 million fine and long nanofibers in 1 ml of a solution of a single solution, and the nanofibers are dispersed and dispersed in the solution. Is very finely divided and the nanofibers are spread, and the fine particles carried on the surface are also uniformly dispersed.
- the fibers are entangled or adhered to each other, and a network-like space of the nanofibers is formed. Since this network state is very stable over the long term, it is stable for a long time without agglomeration or sedimentation of various compounded particles such as liquid ultrafine particles such as oil droplets and emulsions, noble metal fine particles having a large specific gravity, and ultraviolet shielding agents. Can be stored.
- the concentration of the nanofibers mixed with each other is preferably 30 wt% or less for the gel-like substance. More preferably, it is more than 5 wt%.
- the content is preferably 5 wt% or less, more preferably 0.0001-lwt%, and even more preferably 0.0003-0.3 wt%.
- nanofibers with a diameter of 1 ⁇ 20 nm (0.06 m) contain as many as 18 million fibers. It is effective for long-term storage stability. Of course, it is possible to adjust the nanofiber content in consideration of the type of fine particles, concentration, storage period, and the effects of other compounding agents.
- the nanofibers having a single fiber number average diameter of 11 to 500 nm used in the present invention have a fiber length of It is preferably a short fiber of 20 mm or less. If the fiber length exceeds 20 mm, the nanofibers tend to be excessively entangled with each other, so that the dispersibility may decrease. For this reason, in order to disperse the nanofibers well in a nanofiber-containing solution, emulsion, or gel, the length of the nanofibers is preferably 0.05 to 2 mm. The length of the nanofiber is preferably 0.2-lmm when applied to emulsions. The length of the nanofiber is preferably 0.05-0.8mm when applied to emulsions. No.
- nanofibers are likely to be aggregated in highly viscous oils and gels, so it is preferable to add them little by little. Further, in the case of a gel-like material, mixing with a mixer having a high shearing force such as a 1-dual twin-screw mixer is also preferable.
- the suitable fiber length of the nanofiber short fibers in the nanofiber synthetic paper of the present invention is preferably from 0.1 to 20 mm from the viewpoint of papermaking properties. More preferably, it is 0.2 mm.
- the ratio (LZD) of the fiber length L (mm) to the number average diameter D (mm) is preferably 100 to 50,000.
- the dispersibility of the nanofibers in the blended solution, emulsion, or gel of the present invention can be improved.
- the synthetic paper of the present invention by setting the L / D within the above range, it becomes possible to obtain a sheet in which single fibers of nanofibers are uniformly dispersed in the synthetic paper as much as possible. And the paper strength of the synthetic paper can be improved.
- L / Di is more preferable than 1000-20000S ⁇ , 500-2000S is more preferable. Also, in the case of synthetic paper, Pama L / Di is preferred over 1000-35,000 power ⁇ , 3000-120000 power is more preferred! / ⁇ .
- the blended solution to which nanofibers are added has good transparency.
- the transparency is evaluated according to the measuring method of “P. Transparency” in Examples described later.
- the nanofiber length is 2 mm and the nanofiber concentration is 0. It has excellent transparency.
- the fiber diameter of the nanofiber is 60 nm, which is smaller than the wavelength of light (400-700 nm), but the fiber length is as large as 2 mm (200000 nm).
- the number of nanofibers present in 1 ml of the solution is extremely large at 18 million. Despite the fact that the transparency is very good. This is considered to be the effect of the nanofibers being uniformly dispersed at the single fiber level.
- the fiber concentration in the solution is 0.0001-0.01 wt%, and the fiber length is as short as 0.05-0.8 mm. Magusu It is even more preferable to set it to 0.05-0.2 mm. If the concentration of the nanofibers is too low or the fiber length is too short, the stabilizing effect due to the dispersion of the nanofibers will be reduced. It is also effective to use an appropriate dispersing agent to improve the light transmittance. If the ⁇ -based dispersant is added to the N6 nanofiber compounding solution in an amount of 0. ⁇ %, the light transmittance is 63%. % (Example 9 described later).
- nanofibers are theoretically transparent in the diameter direction because the fiber diameter is smaller than the light wavelength, but fibers with fiber lengths much longer than the light wavelength overlap, causing pseudo-adhesion, clustering, and flocking. Transparency is hampered by the influence of, for example, and irregular reflection is likely to occur. In order to prevent diffuse reflection and improve transparency, it is also preferable to coat or wet the surface of the nanofiber with a silicone-based, fluorine-based, urethane-based, acrylic acid-based polymer or the like for adjusting the refractive index.
- the polymer constituting the nanofiber is selected depending on the application and purpose of use. Particularly, in cosmetics and medical applications, a polymer that does not irritate the skin or the human body is preferred, especially a polyamide, Polerefin, polyester, fluoropolymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or their derivatives are preferred.
- a polymer that does not irritate the skin or the human body is preferred, especially a polyamide, Polerefin, polyester, fluoropolymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or their derivatives are preferred.
- polyamide, polylactic acid, PVA or derivatives thereof are preferred from the viewpoint of providing moisture retention and water retention.
- polyolefins, fluoropolymers or their derivatives with good chemical resistance are preferred.
- Architectural applications such as paints, wall materials and coating agents, polyurethane, polyester, polyamide or their Derivatives are preferred. It is also possible to appropriately select two or more types of polymers depending on the application and purpose of use.
- Flexibility can be evaluated by the amount of deflection of the material.
- the degree of deflection is greater for softer and more flexible materials. Is estimated.
- V is the amount of deflection, which increases inversely with the fourth power of the diameter D (w: Load, E: modulus of elasticity of the material).
- a microfiber has a diameter of 1Z10 and a V of 10,000 times larger than a normal fiber, so that the flexibility of the microfiber becomes as soft as 10,000 times that of a normal fiber.
- the nanofiber is 1Z10-1Z100 finer than the diameter of the microfiber, and the softness of the nanofiber is 10,000 to 100 million times more than that of the microfiber.
- fibers taken out from an aqueous solution actually increase in number as the fibers become thinner, so that the fibers tend to be entangled or formed into a network.
- Table 2 shows the stiffness, which is an index of the flexibility of each fiber.This is a relative comparison of the stiffness of each fiber, with the reciprocal of the amount of deflection of the fiber as 1, which is the relative value. The smaller, the larger the deflection! /, That is, the higher the flexibility.
- the fiber diameter of the nanofiber is 0.5 m (500 nm) or less, which is far superior to the groove width of the shear and the flexibility of the fiber. Easy to enter.
- the nanofibers are flexible, they are likely to feel smooth and moist, with little irritation to the skin.
- the nanofiber has a large specific surface area and is excellent in water retention and moisture retention, when water is contained in the nanofiber, the effect is further improved, and the adaptation to the skin becomes very good. For example, nanofibers were added Just washing the face with simple water (lotion or milky lotion) made the skin smooth and smooth, but almost uncomfortable when used (see Examples 10-16 below).
- the nanofiber Since the specific surface area of the nanofiber is much larger than that of the conventional fiber, the nanofiber is excellent in moisture retention and water retention.
- the moisturizing property indicates that the greater the weight loss rate (drying rate), the worse the moisture retention property can be evaluated by putting a certain amount of fiber in a box conditioned at low humidity and evaluating the weight loss of the fiber. I have.
- the actual measurement method is evaluated by the evaluation method “M. Moisturizing Index (AWR10)” in the column of Examples described later.
- AWR10 Moisturizing Index
- the nanofiber was as low as 13% ZlOmin (Example 1). Thus, it was found that the moisturizing property of the nanofiber was about 2-3 times that of the conventional fiber.
- Water retention is the water content of the fiber when the fiber is sufficiently hydrated and then squeezed lightly. To keep the squeezing method constant, the dehydration conditions of the centrifuge should be constant. The actual measurement method is evaluated by the evaluation method “N. Water retention index (WI)” in the examples described later.
- the water retention of each fiber was 235% for the conventional normal fiber (Comparative Example 1) and 509% for the conventional ultrafine fiber (Comparative Example 3).
- the ratio of the nanofiber was 1608% (Example 1), indicating that the water retention of the nanofiber was three times or more as large as that of the conventional fiber.
- the duration of moisturization contributes to both the amount of water retention at first (water retention) and the difficulty of drying afterwards (humidity retention) .
- nanofiber is superior to conventional fiber in both properties. It is also superior in terms of moisturizing duration, and it is effective not only for the direct moisturizing effect of cosmetics but also for the prevention of drying and sustained release of other moisturizing components, solvent components, aroma components, etc. There is.
- the fiber diameter is preferably 120 nm or less, more preferably 80 nm or less. Preference is also given to using in combination with other natural moisturizing and water retaining agents and organic or inorganic moisturizing and water retaining agents.
- a cosmetic pack made of a gel-like material containing nanofibers. This is done by blending other cosmetic ingredients mainly with nanofibers to form a gel and then supporting the gel on a pack base material, or by mixing nanofibers into a normal cosmetic pack base material itself and forming a pack. There is a method to do it.
- the power of using nanofibers for the purpose of moisturizing and retaining water.Since nanofibers are in the form of fibers, they only have good moisture retention and water retention, and have good adhesion to the skin.
- blended solutions, emulsions, and gels in which the nanofibers of the present invention are dispersed have been mainly described for use in cosmetics.
- the dispersibility, uniformity, and storage state of the fibers are described.
- Is not limited to cosmetics, but also in the medical field such as ointments, poultice liquids, cell substrates, protein adsorbents, electrolyte materials for batteries, their carriers, and catalyst carriers for fuel cells.
- Electronic base materials such as catalyst support materials for chemical filters and harmful gas adsorbents, etc.
- paint materials to which various fillers and pigments are added building materials fields such as adhesives and coating materials for wall materials, etc. It can be used in the field of industrial materials, such as filters for j ⁇ dani, activated carbon for j ⁇ d ⁇ filters, and fine particles such as titanium oxide, as well as paints for paintings.
- a molecular alloy chip is prepared, put into a hopper 1 of a spinning device (see Fig. 1), melted into a polymer alloy in a melting section 2, and is provided in a spinning pack 4 in a spin block 3 for heating and keeping heat. After discharge spinning from 5, the fiber is cooled and solidified by the chimney 6 to form a thread 7, and the fiber is wound by the winding machine 11 through the convergence oil supply guide 8, the first take-up roller 9, and the second take-up roller 10. Then, this is subjected to stretching and heat treatment as necessary to obtain a polymer alloy fiber.
- nanofibers used in the present invention is treated with a solvent or a chemical solution to remove sea components, thereby obtaining nanofibers used in the present invention.
- the high molecular weight that is hardly soluble in a solvent or a chemical solution that will later become the nanofiber in the polymer alloy fiber is used as the island component, and the easily soluble polymer is used as the sea component, and the size of the island component is controlled. By doing so, it is possible to design the average fiber diameter and dispersion of single fibers of nanofibers
- the size of the island component is obtained by observing the cross section of the polymer alloy fiber with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and evaluating it in terms of diameter.
- the evaluation method of the number average diameter of the single fiber of the island component in the polymer alloy fiber is shown in the sections F and G of the measurement method in Examples described later. Since the diameter of the nanofiber is almost determined by the size of the island component in the polymer alloy fiber that is the nanofiber precursor, the distribution of the island component size is designed according to the diameter distribution of the nanofiber.
- kneading of the high molecular to be alloyed is very important, and in the present invention, high kneading is preferably performed by a kneading extruder or a static kneader. It should be noted that, with a simple chip blend (for example, JP-A-6-272114), kneading is insufficient, so that it is difficult to disperse island components in a size of several tens of nm.
- kneading As a standard for kneading, although it depends on the polymer to be combined, when a kneading extruder is used, it is preferable to use a twin-screw extruding kneader, and to use a stationary kneader. Is preferably divided into one million or more. In addition, the combination of polymers is also important for ultrafine dispersion of island components with a size of several tens of nanometers.
- the island component polymer and the sea polymer are preferably incompatible.
- the solubility parameter is a meter (SP value).
- the SP value is a parameter that reflects the cohesive force of a substance defined by (evaporation energy Z molar volume) 1/2. there is a possibility. SP value is known for various polymers.
- the difference between the SP values of the two polymers is 1 one 9 (Mj / m 3) 1/2 , rounding the ultra fine dispersion of island component domains is to achieve both by heterologous ⁇ I spoon Easy and preferred.
- the difference between SP values of N6 and PET is about 6 (Mj / m 3 ) 1/2, which is a preferred example.
- the force difference between N6 and PE is about SP (Mj / m 3 ) 1/2 .
- Preferred examples are given as examples.
- the melt viscosity is also important, and if the polymer forming the island is set lower, deformation of the polymer is likely to occur due to shearing force. Perspective power is preferable. However, if the viscosity of the island polymer is excessively low, the island polymer is easily degraded and the blending ratio to the whole fiber cannot be increased. Therefore, the viscosity of the island polymer is preferably 1Z10 or more of the viscosity of the sea polymer.
- melt viscosity of the sea polymer may have a great effect on spinnability, and it is preferable to use a low-viscosity polymer of less than 100Pa's as the sea polymer because the island polymer can be easily dispersed.
- spinning properties can be significantly improved by this.
- the melt viscosity referred to herein is a value at a shear rate of 1216 sec _1 at spinneret temperature during spinning.
- the spinneret temperature should be 25 ° C or higher from the melting point of the sea polymer, and the distance from the spinneret to the start of cooling should be 115cm, and the yarn should be cooled. Is preferred.
- the spinning speed is preferably 100 or more, which is more preferable for high-speed spinning. It is preferable that the spun polymer alloy fiber is subjected to drawing and heat treatment. It is preferable that the temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature ( ⁇ ) of the island polymer in order to reduce yarn spots.
- the island polymer is ultrafinely dispersed to several tens of nm, and the force of the polymer is small. This makes it possible to obtain an alloy fiber, and it is possible to obtain a “polymer alloy fiber” having a small variation in island polymer diameter not only at a certain cross section but also at any cross section in the longitudinal direction.
- the "polymer alloy fiber” spun by the above method has a single fiber fineness of 1-115 dtex.
- the nanofiber used in the present invention removes the sea component of "polymer alloy fiber", which is preferably a short fiber in order to improve the uniform dispersibility and long-term storage stability of the nanofiber, Cutting into short fibers is preferred. Further, it is preferable to beat the cut fibers.
- the nanofiber short fibers are obtained by desealing in the state of a bundle of "polymer alloy fibers” to obtain a bundle of nanofibers, and then by cutting force (first desealing method), "polymer alloy fibers" It can be obtained by either of the following methods: the force of tying the bundled yarn of "" and the force of desealing (post desealing method). Furthermore, it is preferable to beat the obtained short fibers with a beater until the nanofibers are broken apart.
- the marine polymer can be dissolved after first cutting into a suitable fiber length with a guillotine cutter or slice machine in the state of the bunched state of the “polymer alloy fiber” and the state of the bundled tow.
- the appropriate fiber length of the nanofiber short fibers is preferably 0.05-5 mm, more preferably 0.2-1 mm in the case of a mixed solution, emulsion or gel. Further, in the case of synthetic paper, the fiber length of the short fibers is preferably 0.2 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 1 mm. If the fiber length of the nanofiber is too long, it is difficult to disperse, and if it is too short, it becomes powdery and easily aggregates.
- Solvents and chemicals used for removing sea components from “polymer alloy fibers” include acids such as alkali formic acid such as caustic soda and caustic potassium, depending on the characteristics of the polymer of the sea components.
- Organic solvents such as trichlene, limonene, and xylene are exemplified.
- a solvent or a chemical solution When decidingling bundled yarn or tow of “polymer alloy fiber”, these can be deseached in a skein state—wrapped in a skein frame.
- the sea component of the polymer alloy fiber in the umbrella state is removed from the sea with a solvent or a chemical solution, the amount of sea component removed from the sea of the polymer alloy fiber is usually as large as 20-80 wt%.
- the total fineness of the tow is preferably set to 500,000 dtex or less, more preferably 100,000 dtex or less.
- sea removal can also be carried out by decomposing the polymer of the sea component with a chemical solution such as an alkali.
- a chemical solution such as an alkali.
- the sea component can be removed relatively easily even in a skewer state. This is because the macromolecule of the sea component becomes a low molecular weight substance or monomer by hydrolysis or the like, and can be easily dissolved and removed.
- a chemical solution such as alkali is a precursor of nanofibers.
- the seawater desorption speed accelerates as seawater departure progresses, and unlike seawater dissolution and removal using organic solvents, etc. Become.
- a nano fiber-forming fiber, a tow or a scallop composed of "polymer alloy fiber”, that is, a bundle of nano fibers obtained by treating such a fiber bundle with a solvent or a chemical solution Preferably, the area ratio of nanofibers to total fibers is 95-100%. This means that there is almost no part of the nanofiber bundle after sea removal that has not been sea-sealed, which can minimize the incorporation of coarse fibers and make it into paper afterwards. As a result, high-quality nanofiber synthetic paper can be obtained.
- Sea treatment is preferred.
- the fiber density of the fiber bundle is less than 0. OlgZcm 3, becomes unstable the shape of the fiber bundle to be processed, may nanofibers is not performed uniformly is there.
- the fiber density of the fiber bundle exceeds 0.5 g Zcm 3 , the penetration of the solvent or the chemical solution into the fiber bundle becomes worse, the formation of nanofibers becomes incomplete, and the content of nanofibers in one bundle of nanofibers decreases. It may decrease.
- the fiber density of the fiber bundle at the time of desealing with a solvent or a chemical solution is more preferably 0.01 to 0.4 g / cm 3 , and still more preferably 0.03 to 0.2 g / cm 3 .
- sea components When sea components are decomposed and removed with a chemical solution such as an alkali, it is preferable to convert the sea components of the "polymer alloy fiber" into a polymer that is easily decomposed by alkali. Preferably, it is a molecule.
- the sea component was changed from the copolymerized PET of Example 29 to the PLA of Example 38, so that the concentration of sodium hydroxide was changed from 10 wt% to lwt. / c ⁇ Very low concentration can be achieved.
- Such dewatering with alkali is extremely dangerous when treated with high-temperature and high-concentration alkalis, so the efficiency of operation is poor.Only equipment that is very limited due to leakage and corrosion is used.
- the short fibers are placed in an organic solvent or a chemical solution such as an alkali or an acid, and the sea component is dissolved while stirring with a stirrer. Or disassemble and remove. It is preferable that such a sea removal is usually performed in a batch process, and the process is performed in several stages.
- an organic solvent such as trichlene
- the concentration of macromolecules of the sea components dissolved in the solvent should be 6 wt% or less when dissolving the first stage sea components. It is more preferable that the content be 3 wt% or less.
- the concentration of the polymer dissolved in the solvent it is preferable to gradually reduce the concentration of the polymer dissolved in the solvent, and to reduce the concentration to 0.1 wt% or less 0.01 wt%
- the force S is more preferable.
- the concentration of the sea components that are decomposed in the chemical solution and dissolved in a low molecular weight or monomerized state is reduced to 10 wt%. More preferably, the content is 5 wt% or less.
- the content is 0.01% by weight or less.
- the short fibers obtained by cutting the “polymer alloy fibers” are treated with each solvent or chemical solution as described above, and then filtered through an appropriate stainless steel wire mesh filter to collect the nanofibers. The solvent and chemicals adhering to the substrate are thoroughly washed and removed, and then dried.
- the organic dewatering used in the second and subsequent steps is required. It is preferable to use a new solvent such as a solvent and a chemical such as alkaline acid, raise the temperature for the sea removal treatment to a very high temperature, and circulate the solvent and the chemical with constant stirring. Further, it is preferable to reduce the ratio of the amount of fibers to the solvent or the chemical used for deseaming as small as possible, and to reduce the concentration of the sea component in the solvent or the chemical after the desealing treatment.
- a new solvent such as a solvent and a chemical such as alkaline acid
- sea removal treatment is performed multiple times, washing is performed after each stage of treatment to remove sea components adhering to the fiber, and sea components mixed into the solvent or chemical solution thereafter It is preferable to reduce the amount.
- the residue of the sea component is suppressed by washing until the sea component adhering to the fiber becomes preferably 0.1 wt%, more preferably 0.01 wt% or less. Can be.
- the obtained nanofiber bundled yarn is obtained by using a guillotine cutter or a slicing machine to obtain an appropriate fiber according to the use or purpose of the nanofiber.
- a bundled yarn or tow preferably has a water content of 20 to 100% by weight before being cut.
- the bundled nanofibers and tows containing a certain amount of water have better bunching properties because they have better bunching properties.They are easier to handle, and the precision in force is improved, so the uniformity of the cut length is improved. .
- the nanofiber staple fiber thus obtained is a fiber in which several hundred thousand nanofibers assemble to several hundred millions depending on the diameter of the nanofiber.
- the nanofiber short fibers are beaten by a beater.
- the nanofiber short fibers can be broken into individual nanofibers.
- Examples of the beating machine include a Niagara beater, a refiner, and a mill at a production level, and experimentally, a household mixer and a cutter, a laboratory grinder, a biomixer, a roll mill, a mortar, a PFI beating machine. And the like. .
- the nanofiber short fibers be broken apart by the beating machine as described above.
- a device having a cutter or a crushing blade has a drawback that the fiber length is shortened by cutting the fiber at the same time as the effect of breaking the fiber which easily damages the fiber.
- Nanofibers have strong cohesion between fibers, but are thin, so if a device with a cutter or crushing blades is severely damaged, it may be crushed into powder. There is also. For this reason, even if the fibers are beaten, it is preferred that the fibers be beaten or sheared to break up the cohesion between the fibers, rather than the force of crushing or cutting.
- the PFI beating machine beats by the shearing force due to the difference in the peripheral speed between the inner blade and the outer container, the damage until the nanofibers are unraveled one by one is very small, which is preferable.
- it is necessary to reduce the beating speed and the beating speed in order to reduce the beating speed and pressure during beating, reduce the impact force on the nanofibers, and reduce damage to the fibers. It is preferable to reduce the pressure and process under soft conditions. Even if a home or laboratory mixer is beaten for a long time under soft conditions such as low rotation speed, it is possible to beat even the nanofibers one by one as in the case of the beater described above, although the efficiency is low. it can.
- the beating is preferably performed separately in primary beating and secondary beating.
- the aggregate of nanofibers is lightly crushed with a shearing force to reduce the number of aggregated nanofibers to some extent.
- the freeness is shown in "L. Nanofiber Freeness Test Method” of Examples described later, and is described in JIS P 8121 "Pulp Freeness Test Method". It is a value measured according to the Canadian standard freeness test method. Nanopha When measuring the freeness of a fiber, the nanofibers that are beaten and dispersed in the water can clog the filter in the container of the freeness tester. Evaluate with the value of First beat with Niagara Beater refiner
- short nanofibers are dispersed in water, and the concentration of the nanofibers in the whole dispersion is preferably 5 wt% or less, because beating is performed uniformly, which is preferable. More preferably, it is lwt% or less. Further, it is preferable to set the concentration of the nanofibers to 0.1 wt% or more, because the beating efficiency is improved.
- setting the clearance of a beating machine such as Niagara Vita Rift Aina to a large value of 0.5 to 2 mm is preferable because the load applied to the beating device and the time required for the beating process can be reduced. Lab crushers, mixers and cutters are also possible by making the conditions soft.
- the beaten nanofibers can be filtered and collected with an appropriate wire mesh filter, etc., dehydrated with a dehydrator so that the water content is 50-200%, and the capacity of the beaten nanofibers can be reduced. This is preferable because the storage place can be secured and the handling in the next step becomes easy.
- the secondary beating in the present invention refers to beating the nanofiber that has been subjected to primary beating more precisely.
- the equipment used at this time is a Niagara beater refiner, a PFI beating machine, etc.
- the shape of the processing blade incorporated in the apparatus can be changed as appropriate, but it is preferable to select a shape having a fir-milling effect or a shearing effect rather than cutting the fiber.
- the damage to the fibers until the nanofibers are beaten one by one is very small, and is more preferable.
- the fiber concentration of the nanofiber at the time of beating can be increased to 5-20 wt%, and the fiber can be treated uniformly. In other words, even if the strength of the fiber is reduced, the fiber can be beaten uniformly without being further cut or powdered in the fiber length direction.
- the freeness of the nanofiber dispersion obtained by the secondary beating is preferably 350 or less, more preferably 200 or less.
- the score is more preferably 100 or less, and more preferably 5 or more.
- the freeness exceeds 350, fibers that have a low beating degree and are not sufficiently beaten remain, and the beating of the nanofibers is insufficient. It may be uneven.
- the nanofibers are processed in a state where the concentration of nanofibers in water is low.
- the rotating blade since the rotating blade repeatedly hits the fiber locally, it is easy to cut or pulverize in the fiber length direction, which has a large fiber cutting and crushing effect, so the beating conditions such as blade shape, rotation speed, pressurizing condition, etc. should be mild. Prefer to beat.
- the nanofibers beaten in this manner are beaten in water or a solvent, then collected by filtration with a filter, and the content of water or solvent is reduced to 50 to 200 wt% by a dehydrator. It is preferable to store after dehydration (desolvation) so that If it is absolutely necessary to dry and store, it is preferable to perform freeze drying or vacuum drying at a low temperature of 60 ° C or lower.
- the beating of the nanofibers described above is preferably performed in a solvent when it is necessary to beating in a special solvent.
- General beating machines usually beat in water and are not compatible with organic solvents.Therefore, use an explosion-proof type, work environment measures to recover evaporated solvent, Safety measures such as wearing a mask are required. Highly viscous gels for facial cleansing, hair styling, compresses, ointments, etc. When compounding nanofibers in mud emulsion or the like, it is preferable to use a single kneader instead of a stirrer.
- Nanofibers have a large specific surface area and therefore have high water retention.Even if the water content of the nanofibers is very high, about 10 times, water can be retained between the fibers and water will drip. Can contain much more water than conventional fibers for less fiber weight. In order to obtain a good dispersion state of the nanofibers, it is preferable to increase the water ratio to the fiber weight of the nanofibers by 5 to 30 times. However, if the water content is too large, the efficiency of solvent replacement is reduced.
- the dehydrated nanofiber is placed in an arbitrary container, and a solvent to be replaced is charged.
- the solvent to be added at the first time is 2 to 50 times the water content of the nanofiber, more preferably 5 to 20 times.
- the type of solvent varies depending on the type, application, and purpose of the polymer of the nanofiber.Although it is replaced with water, it is preferable that the solvent be a hydrophilic solvent that is familiar with water, such as alcohol or ether. , Ester, ketone, DMF and the like are preferred.
- the water contained in the nanofibers and the introduced solvent are stirred in the container for 5 to 60 minutes by a stirrer.
- the residual solution is separated from the nanofiber and the solution by, for example, a wire mesh filter.
- the amount of the residual solution contained in the nanofiber is at least 1 times the weight of the nanofiber fiber. It is preferable to separate them by
- the number of times of solvent replacement is preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 5 or more!
- the task is to add the solvent and separate the nanofibers from the mixed solvent and water. This can be achieved by repeating the operation several times. This method can maintain good dispersibility of the nanofibers in a solvent, but has a problem that water remains a little.
- the remaining water can be considerably reduced by repeating the solvent replacement by centrifuging the water ratio at the time of dehydration to 10 to 50% by weight, but the nanofiber is later dissolved in the solvent.
- the dispersibility at the time of dispersing to the surface may decrease.
- solvent replacement by the Soxhlet method is possible, the dispersibility of the nanofiber may also decrease.
- the beaten nanofibers and the solvent are placed in a stirrer and dispersed to a predetermined concentration. Force depending on diameter of single fiber of nanofiber to be prepared. Concentration of nanofiber with respect to the whole compounding solution is preferably 5 wt% or less 0.0001-1%, more preferably 0.01%. — More preferably, it is 1%. In addition, since the nanofibers are easily aggregated, it is preferable to adjust the dispersion at a concentration as low as possible to prevent reaggregation. Further, in order to improve the dispersibility of the nanofiber, it is preferable to add a dispersant.
- aqueous dispersants examples include ion-based dispersants such as polycarboxylates, cationic agents such as quaternary ammonium salts, and non-ionic agents such as polyoxyethylene ethers and polyoxyethylene esters. Physical strength is better to choose! / ,.
- the type of dispersant is selected according to its surface potential (zeta potential).
- zeta potential surface potential
- zeta potential force more than 100 mV, less than—5 mV
- a cationic dispersant in the case of N6 nanofiber.
- the use of a union dispersant Dispersibility is improved because the zeta potential is 50 mV.
- the molecular weight of the dispersant is preferably from 1,000 to 50,000, more preferably from 5,000 to 1500.
- the dispersants having the same composition are affected by the molecular weight, the type of polymer constituting the nanofiber, the concentration of the fiber, and other compounding agents. It is preferable to select an appropriate dispersant according to the purpose and the purpose, and adjust the solution.
- the concentration of the dispersant is preferably 0.0001-20 wt%, more preferably 0.0001-5 wt%, and even more preferably 0.01-1 wt%, based on the total weight of the blended solution. A good dispersion effect can be obtained.
- the fiber length of the nanofibers is more preferably 0.05-5 mm, more preferably 0.2-1 mm.
- the solvent exhibits hydrophobicity such as an oily solvent or an organic solvent, it is preferable to use an acrylamide-based, silicone-based, or fluorine-based dispersant.
- Emulsions can be broadly classified into two types of emulsions: OZW type (type in which oil is dispersed in water) and WZO type (type in which water is dispersed in oil).
- OZW type type in which oil is dispersed in water
- WZO type type in which water is dispersed in oil
- the nanofiber may be easily dispersed in W (water) or may be easily dispersed in 0 (oil).
- the type of W (water) and o (oil) in the emulsion the mixing ratio of each, the type and mixing ratio of the dispersant, the type of added solvent, the temperature, etc. It is preferred to select the type of emulsion according to.
- it is preferable to design the mixing ratio of each component in the emulsion in consideration of the compatibility between the nanofiber and the compounding agent and the dispersibility of the nanofiber.
- the concentration of the nanofiber is preferably 5 wt% or less, and more preferably 0.0001 to lwt% from the viewpoint of uniform dispersion of the nanofiber.
- the concentration of the nanofiber added is more preferably set to a lower concentration of 0.001 to 0.5 wt%. It is also preferable to select an appropriate dispersant according to the type of nanofiber, its use and purpose, and adjust the emulsion. The method for selecting an appropriate dispersant is as described above.
- the concentration of the dispersant is preferably from 0.0001 to 20% by weight, more preferably from 0.0001 to 5% by weight, more preferably from 0.0001 to 20% by weight of the whole emulsion.
- the fiber diameter of nanofibers is very small at the nanometer level, but the fiber length is large compared to the diameter, so that it is difficult to disperse compared to so-called nanoparticles.
- the fiber length of the nanofiber for the emulsion is preferably 0.05 to 2. Omm, more preferably 0.05 to 0.8 mm. If the nanofiber is treated with a surface treating agent such as an oil agent (for example, a silicone oil agent) and added to an emulsifier, the nanofiber alone may be dispersed to form an emulsion.
- the nanofibers depending on the type of macromolecules that make them up, become a "gel structure" when the fiber concentration is 5-60 wt% with respect to water (or other solvents), which is unique. This is a typical phenomenon.
- the gel structure as used herein refers to a nanofiber and water (or other solvent) having a relatively high nanofiber content and 5 to 60 wt% fiber. This is such a condition that it is neither an aqueous solution nor a solid. Further, since there is no cross-linked structure between the macromolecules constituting the nanofiber, the "gel structure” is hereinafter referred to as "gel structure".
- the "gel-like substance” refers to a substance that becomes a gel by mixing a solvent or a gel with a nanofiber and blending a certain material as necessary.
- Materials include polymer gels such as PVA gel and acrylamide gel and natural material gels such as polysaccharides.
- the “gel structure” of the above-mentioned nanofiber also has no crosslinked structure, but is in a pseudo gel state, and thus is included in the “gel material” of the present invention.
- a gel containing a high concentration of nanofibers can be prepared with a beating concentration of 10-30 wt% of the nanofibers.
- a dispersant such as acrylamide, silicone, or fluorine can be added.
- the method for selecting an appropriate dispersant is as described above, and anionic, cationic, and nonionic dispersants can also be suitably used.
- the concentration of the dispersant is preferably 0.0001 to 20 wt%, more preferably 0.0001 to 5 wt%, even more preferably 0.01 to 1 wt%, based on the whole gel. Thereby, a sufficient dispersion effect can be obtained.
- a natural gel or a synthetic gel is added to a nanofiber blending solution of, for example, 0.01-1% in the same manner as a nanofiber blending solution.
- a shape can be produced.
- natural gels and synthetic gels include protein gels such as collagen, gelatin, and chitosan; natural gels such as agarose, alginic acid, pectin, and polysaccharide gels; and gels such as cellulose.
- PVA gels and crosslinked vinyl Polymers acrylamide gels, synthetic acid gels such as acrylic acid and alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt gels, silicone gels, fluorine gels, urethane gels, and radiation cross-linkable polymer gels.
- the fiber length of the nanofibers is preferably 0.05-2 mm, more preferably 0.2-1 mm.
- the fiber diameter of microfibers contained in conventional synthetic paper is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, and fibers with a diameter of Lm or less are included! / Even when viewed as a whole, the fiber diameter varies. And the fibers themselves were not entangled, making stable papermaking difficult.
- PVA fiber binder with a large fiber diameter and a pulp binder are used in combination to make paper, synthetic paper using 100% of the intended synthetic fiber cannot be obtained.
- Conventional microfibers have been difficult to handle in fields that dislike other impurities such as battery separators and other fields where precision is required, such as anti-adhesion films for surgery in the medical field.
- the nanofiber dispersion in the synthetic paper of the present invention has a single fiber number average diameter of 1Z10-1Z100 of conventional microfibers, so that the specific surface area is dramatically increased. is there. For this reason, it exhibits a unique property not found in ordinary ultrafine fibers, and it is expected that the adsorption characteristics will be greatly improved. That is, it easily adsorbs water vapor (hygroscopicity), chemical vapor (odor), fine powder, dust, and the like.
- the moisture absorption rate is about 2.8% (Comparative Example 18 described later), whereas the N6 nanofiber synthetic paper of the present invention has a moisture absorption rate of 6%. 4% (Example 29 described later).
- pins be a synthetic paper of a very thin basis weight, such as 2GZm 2 as shown in Example 33 below
- a synthetic paper having a uniform formation with few holes can be produced, and a synthetic paper having a very small air permeability can be produced even if the thickness is very small.
- This synthetic paper can transfer ions, trace gases, and trace chemicals, but can be used for battery separator materials that dislike large amounts of liquids.
- leakage of bodily fluid or ascites from the affected area during or after surgery may be fatal, or the leaked bodily fluid or ascites may cause contamination with other pathogenic bacteria.
- the nanofiber synthetic paper of the present invention is characterized in that nanofibers are dispersed up to one single fiber as in Example 29 described later, and the basis weight, thickness, formation, etc. are uniform. What synthetic paper can do. Furthermore, this nanofiber synthetic paper does not include powdery fiber waste that is damaged due to the nanofiber being beaten when beating the nanofiber. In addition, a uniform sheet with few defects can be obtained.
- Nano-sized materials are becoming more important in cell culture and protein adsorption and removal in the medical and biotechnology fields. It was not enough to control them uniformly.
- the nanofibers present in the synthetic paper or on the surface of the synthetic paper of the present invention are used for cells and proteins ( It is compatible with the size of the adsorption site for proteins, enzymes, bacteria, viruses, etc. present in various blood types, etc., and direct interaction between nanofibers and these cells and proteins is expected. It is also useful as an adsorbent for medical and biotechnology.
- the nanofiber synthetic paper used in such applications has a function of utilizing the surface or penetration or shielding of the synthetic paper as a function thereof, and a function of allowing the permeation of fluids or fine particles.
- applications include battery separators and abrasives, but it is preferable that the synthetic paper has a relatively high basis weight. If we consider the knocking of synthetic paper in the sex and the nanofiber synthetic paper to a basis weight in 50GZm 2 below it is preferred Ri can force the preferred tool 30GZm 2 below for instrument LOgZm 2 below Is more preferred. In addition, if the basis weight is too low, a pinhole may be formed. Therefore, the lower limit of the basis weight is lgZm 2 or more.
- the composite synthetic paper containing the nanofibers in a part as the basis weight of only nanofibers present in the composite synthetic paper, it is preferably at 5GZm 2 below instrument lg Zm 2 below The lower limit of the more preferable basis weight is 0. OOOlgZm 2 or more.
- the synthetic paper of the present invention can be freely thickened or thinned according to the purpose, since it can be freely controlled by the basis weight.
- the thickness should be at least 10 m, preferably at least 100 m, so as to ensure good resistance and to sufficiently withstand the stresses such as the tensile stress when processing various products such as filters and separators. More preferably, it is more than 150 m.
- the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 5000 ⁇ m (5 mm) or less!
- the density of the nanofiber synthetic paper of the present invention is set so that when the synthetic paper is used or processed in accordance with each application, the paper is not easily squeezed, and the formation of the synthetic paper surface is not affected. as not uniform, that it is 0. 3gZcm 3 or less is preferred instrument 0. 2gZcm 3 below More preferably, it is more preferably 0.1 lg / cm 3 or less.
- the lower limit of the density is preferably 0.000 lgZcm 3 or more!
- synthetic paper of the present invention as in Example 29 described later, be a thin synthetic paper such as basis weight 8GZm 2, Roh Indah Ya aggregate, even without the base material, such as substrate Fabrication is possible.
- nanofibers have a strong cohesive force and are difficult to disperse, but conversely, the cohesive force is so strong that nanofibers have excellent entanglement and adhesion, which is very convenient when making paper. It is thought that it is because.
- the freeness of the nanofiber is preferably S350 or less, more preferably 200 or less, more preferably 100 or less. Further, the lower limit of the freeness is preferably 5 or more. Further, by using such nanofibers, it was possible to make paper even if the basis weight was as low as 2 g Zm 2 as in Example 33 described later.
- the nanofibers of Example 33 to be described later were synthesized using a screen gauze as a base material. The nanofibers present in the openings of the screen gauze, that is, the nanofibers existing in the center of the lattice were in a state without binder. It is a sheet with a uniform texture that can accommodate large pinholes.
- the size of the pores formed between the nanofibers in the synthetic paper is also uniform.
- the formation of this pore is governed by the stiffness of the nanofiber due to the type of nanofiber polymer and the diameter of the single fiber.
- the diameter is formed by the diameter and the entanglement between the nanofibers, and the average pore diameter is several times to about 10 times the diameter of the single fiber of the nanofiber.
- the pore area of the nanofiber synthetic paper must be less than 1. ⁇ ⁇ m 2 (pore diameter 1 .: L m). It is more preferably 0.5 m 2 (average pore diameter 0.75 m) or less. It is further preferred that the lower limit of pore area is 10 nm 2 or more is good Mashigu 50 nm 2 or more.
- the dispersion is small as well as the pore size is not only nanometer-sized. Due to the small variation in hole diameter, Can be classified. Even if a filter having nano-sized pores is simply made using nanofiber synthetic paper, clogging may occur immediately. Although some measures may be required, such as adopting an adsorption method, it is expected that the uniform ultra-fine pores of the nanofiber synthetic paper will exhibit functions that take advantage of the collection performance at the nanometer level.
- air permeability is less 30ccZcm 2 Zsec. Since the gas permeability is small, that is, the gas shielding performance is high, it can be used for a partition such as a separator.
- the ventilation rate is preferably 15 ccZcm 2 Zsec or less, more preferably 5 ccZcm 2 Zsec or less, and most preferably lccZcm 2 Zsec or less.
- the lower limit of the ventilation rate is preferably 0.25 ccZcm 2 Zsec or more.
- the synthetic paper of the present invention is also characterized in that the nanofiber dispersion densely fills voids in the synthetic paper, so that pinholes penetrating the synthetic paper are suppressed. More specifically, it is preferable that the number of holes with a diameter of 50 m or more that penetrates the back surface of the paper to the back is 100000 Zcm 2 ! / ,. By setting the number of pinholes to 1000 or less Zcm 2 , gas permeability and liquid permeability can be suppressed. The number of pinholes is more preferably 100 Zcm 2 or less, still more preferably 15 Zcm 2 or less, and most preferably 3 Zcm 2 or less.
- the synthetic paper of the present invention preferably has a surface smoothness of 300 seconds or more.
- the surface smoothness referred to here is the surface smoothness (in seconds) of Beck specified in JIS P 8119-1976.
- the high surface smoothness makes it possible to use the nanofiber synthetic paper of the present invention for applications requiring smoothness such as a circuit board using insulating paper.
- the surface smoothness is preferably 1000 seconds or more, more preferably 1500 seconds or more, and even more preferably 3000 seconds or more.
- the upper limit of the surface smoothness is preferably 20000 seconds or less.
- a nanofiber dispersion having a single fiber number average diameter of 500 nm or less and another fiber fiber having a single fiber number average diameter of 1 m or more are provided.
- a mixed paper-type synthetic paper containing them can also be produced.
- This nanofiber dispersion is Preferably, the number average diameter of the fibers is 200 nm or less.
- the weight mixing ratio of nanofibers can be evaluated by “P. Measuring method of weight mixing ratio of nanofibers” in Examples described later.
- the nanofiber synthetic paper by controlling the bulkiness of the nanofiber synthetic paper, it is possible to control the movement of a small amount of liquid such as circulating liquid and the permeability of ions in battery separators and medical products. And the functionality of the nanofiber synthetic paper is improved.
- the content of other fibers of 1 ⁇ m or more mixed with the nanofibers is preferably 5% or more by weight, more preferably 10% or more.
- a papermaking type synthetic paper can also be produced.
- the nanofiber dispersion preferably has a single fiber number average diameter of 200 nm or less. Further, the content of the nanofiber is more preferably lwt% or less.
- Synthetic paper with a fiber strength of 1 ⁇ m or more also has excellent air permeability, liquid permeability, and pressure resistance because it is bulky and larger than synthetic paper composed of 100% nanofibers. Therefore, by mixing the nanofiber dispersion with the other fibers of ⁇ ⁇ m or more to form a synthetic paper, the performance of the synthetic paper can be fully exhibited while vibrating the function of the nanofiber surface. Things.
- the nanofiber dispersion easily aggregates, a small amount of nanofibers are dispersed in a spider web form in the space in the synthetic paper created by other fibers of 1 m or more, so that each nanofiber fiber Is spread in the space and held in the synthetic paper, making it easier for the nanofiber to perform its original function.
- This synthetic paper is expected to be able to efficiently use the surface area of nanofibers when used as a support for catalysts in noo or chemical applications or battery applications.
- a nanofiber dispersion having a single fiber number average diameter of 500 nm or less, preferably a nanofiber dispersion having a single fiber number average diameter of 200 nm or less is laminated on a support.
- Nanofiber synthetic paper can also be made. It is not only possible to improve the strength of the synthetic paper of the present invention by the reinforcing effect of the support, but by laminating a small amount of nanofiber dispersion on the support, the permeability of gas and liquid can be improved. Since the collection efficiency of various substances by the nanofibers can be improved while controlling, such a synthetic paper can be used as a filter or the like.
- a lamination method various methods such as a method of impregnating, dropping, spraying or coating with a dispersion liquid composed of nanofibers that can be formed only by papermaking can be adopted.
- a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a foam, and the like can be appropriately selected depending on the use and purpose.
- a composite synthetic paper or a synthetic paper molded article containing the above-described nanofiber synthetic paper can be provided.
- nanofiber synthetic paper it can be used as a filter, a separator, an abrasive, a medical product, or a circuit board.
- nanofiber synthetic paper without using a binder, as shown in the text and the examples. Since natural fibers have diverged fibers, it was possible to make paper without binders.Conventionally, for example, there have been various methods for forming paper by fibrillating thermoplastic polymers. It was very difficult to make paper without using the considered force binder. Furthermore, it has been difficult to make paper without using a binder, even if the diameter of conventional ultrafine fibers having a number average diameter of single fibers of 0.5 m or more is small.
- the nanofiber dispersion of the present invention can be made into paper in the same manner as natural pulp due to its cohesive strength and entanglement. Therefore, synthetic paper can be used without using a binder. It is possible to manufacture. Further, as shown in Example 32 to be described later, it is also possible to use a nanofiber dispersion as a binder to make ordinary synthetic fibers or ultrafine fibers. It is also possible to make synthetic fibers made of thermoplastic polymer with a diameter of 1 m or more.
- a method for preparing a dispersion liquid as a raw material when making nanofiber synthetic paper will be described.
- the beaten nanofibers, water, and if necessary, a dispersant and other additives are placed in a stirrer and dispersed to a predetermined concentration.
- the nanofiber dispersion has a large hydrogen bonding force and intermolecular force acting between nanofibers having a large specific surface area, so that aggregation is large.
- the concentration of the nanofibers in the dispersion is preferably 0.01-1 wt%. Further, if the nanofiber dispersion is made as it is, a non-uniform synthetic paper may be formed. Therefore, it is preferable to add a dispersant to the slurry.
- a dispersant As the dispersing agent, an aon-based, cationic, or nonionic dispersing agent is appropriately selected depending on the type and characteristics of the polymer of the nanofiber, but even if the dispersing agent has the same structure, its molecular weight, nanofiber concentration, and other factors. Since it is affected by the compounding agent, it can be used properly depending on the type of nanofiber polymer and the intended use. The principle of selecting an appropriate dispersant is as described above.
- the concentration of the dispersant to be added is 0.01-1. More preferably, it is 0.05 to 0.5 wt%.
- Conventional papermaking of ultrafine fibers of 1 m or more alone makes papermaking difficult because the fibers do not become entangled.However, in the case of nanofibers, papermaking is possible even with nanofibers alone.
- basis weight of the nanofiber synthetic paper is more preferably 0. 05gZm 2 or more 50GZm 2 below preferably instrument 30 g Zm 2 or less and more preferably tool LOgZm 2 below. If the single fiber diameter of the nanofiber is relatively small and the dispersibility is good, a basis weight of 2 gZm 2 or less is possible. Further, when papermaking is performed using only nanofibers, the fiber length is made slightly longer, and the fiber length is more preferably 2-3 mm, preferably 16 mm.
- a kinder can be used when making nanofiber synthetic paper.
- natural pulp wood pulp, hemp pulp, mulberry, mitsumata, etc.
- easily meltable fibers having a low melting point component and a low softening point component are preferred, and PE and PP fibers, and PLA fibers are preferred.
- Fibers, PS-based fibers, copolymerized polyamide or copolymerized polyester fibers, and core-sheath composite fibers having a fusible component as a sheath component are preferred.
- a binder fiber having good resistance to a chemical solution and a solvent In general, the average number of single fibers of commercially available binder fibers is usually as large as 10 m or more. Binder fibers are preferred. It is also preferable to use a resin binder.
- As the resin polyurethane-based, polyphenol-based, polyatalylic-acid-based, polyacrylamide-based, epoxy-based, silicone-based, and bilidene fluoride-based polymers are preferable. Slurries containing nanofibers are used in combination with modifiers and additives to improve performance such as strength, tear resistance, abrasion resistance, antistatic properties, surface gloss, smoothness, flexibility, and texture. can do.
- a dispersion liquid (slurry) in which the nanofiber is dispersed is put into a slurry box of a paper-making machine, and the paper is made with a usual mechanical paper-making machine.
- a paper machine any of a fourdrinier machine, a twin-wire machine, and a round-mesh machine can be used.
- a suitable machine can be used according to the application and purpose. Due to its characteristics, it is preferable to use a long-mesh paper machine if the basis weight is relatively large.If you want to make a thin material with a relatively small basis weight, use a round-mesh paper machine. Preferably.
- nanofiber composite paper When making paper at a small scale such as in a lab, it is possible to make paper using a commercially available square sheet paper machine, etc., and put the nanofiber slurry into a 25 cm square container and suction-filter with a wire mesh filter. Then, by dehydrating and drying, nanofiber composite paper can be obtained.
- the peak top temperature which indicates the melting of the polymer in the second run, was taken as the melting point of the polymer.
- the heating rate at this time was 16 ° CZ, and the sample amount was 10 mg.
- the b * of the sample was measured using a color tone meter MINOLTA SPECTROPHOTOMETER CM-3700d. At this time, D (color temperature 6504K) was used as the light source, and measurement was performed in a 10 ° visual field.
- G Number average diameter of the island component in the “polymer alloy fiber”
- the number average diameter of the island component is determined as follows. That is, the diameters of 300 island components randomly extracted in the same cross-section from the island component cross-sectional photograph by TEM using image processing software (WINROOF) were measured, and individual data were integrated and divided by the total number. A simple average was calculated by This is carried out at five places 10 m apart from each other as the length of “polymer alloy fiber” Measure the diameter of a total of 1500 island components and use the average diameter as the “average diameter of the number of island components”
- nanofiber compound solution or emulsion sample the solution, place it on a film or glass plate, and dry at 60 ° C. A 5 mm square sample is taken from any dry place, platinum is evaporated, and the nanofibers in the sample are removed using an ultra-high resolution electrolytic emission scanning electron microscope (UHR-FE-SEM) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. Observe.
- UHR-FE-SEM ultra-high resolution electrolytic emission scanning electron microscope
- a gel-like substance if the form is stable and can be measured in a gel state, it is dried as it is, and after drying, platinum vapor-deposited and observed by SEM. If the morphology is not stable, dissolve in an appropriate solvent, and then observe in the same manner as for the above solution.
- the single fiber number average diameter ⁇ ⁇ is determined as follows. In other words, the surface of the nanofiber photographed in step ⁇ above was randomly sampled in a 5 mm square sample using image processing software (WINROOF), and the diameter of 30 single fibers was measured. The simple average was calculated by dividing by the total number. Sampling was performed 10 times in total, and data on the diameters of 30 single fibers were collected for each, and the data force of a total of 300 single fiber diameters was determined by simple averaging.
- the sum Pa of the single fiber ratio is obtained from the data measured in the above section I, and the force of the formula (3) described in the section of "Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention" is also obtained.
- the concentration index Pb of the diameter of the single fiber is evaluated by the formula (5) described in the section of "Best mode for carrying out the invention" using the data measured in the above section I.
- This is a single fiber This means the degree of variation near the uniform diameter, and the higher the fineness ratio, the smaller the variation.
- the fiber for measurement Take about 1. Og of the fiber for measurement, remove the oil content with detergent or solvent, wash with water, dry, adjust the humidity at 20 ° C and 65% humidity for 24 hours, and weigh the weight to W0.
- the fiber is immersed in water for 12 hours, taken out, and dehydrated with a centrifuge dehydrator so that the water content becomes 60% and 10%.
- the fiber for measurement is placed in a plastic container, and the weight Wi of the fiber to be dried and reduced is measured every minute until the water content becomes 10% or less.
- the water content WRi (%) at each time is expressed by the following equation.
- WRi is plotted on a graph with respect to each time, draw a tangent line when WRi is 30%, and calculate the change in water content reduction rate per 10 minutes ⁇ WR10J from the slope ⁇ WR30.
- AWR30 is the drying rate of the fiber before and after the moisture content is around 30%, and the smaller the value, the better the moisture retention.
- the moisture retention index of the fiber is determined by taking into account the moisture content of the skin and using the drying speed as an index when the moisture content is 30%.
- WI 100 X (Wt-Ws) / WO (8)
- Pure water is placed in the standard sample cell of a spectrophotometer U-3400 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., and the measurement solution is placed in the other cell, and the average transmittance Tr is measured with a light source having a wavelength of 500 nm.
- the synthetic paper of 10cm square from anywhere in the nanofiber synthetic paper was cut 10 sheets, the weight of the each sheet to (g) measured at 20 ° C, 65%, 0. five average weight of 01M 2 , And the basis weight M (gZm 2 ) was calculated.
- the average density (gZcm 3 ) was calculated by dividing the value of the basis weight M by a value obtained by dividing the average thickness measured above in cm.
- the weight mixing ratio of nanofibers in composite or mixed synthetic paper containing nanofibers is evaluated by observing the cross section of the synthetic paper with an ultra-high resolution electrolytic emission scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM electrolytic emission scanning electron microscope
- the synthetic paper is embedded in embedding resin (epoxy resin, hardened polyester resin, etc.), and the embedded sample is exposed with a diamond cutter or microtome so that the cross section of the synthetic paper is exposed. Cut it. After the cut surface of the sample is polished with sandpaper or an abrasive, rinse well with water and dry at a low temperature. Platinum is vapor-deposited on the sample, and a cross-sectional photograph of the synthetic paper is obtained with an ultra-high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope manufactured by Hitachi.
- the fibers in the photograph are divided into nanofibers with a diameter of 500 nm or less and other fibers with a single fiber number average diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more in synthetic paper.
- a fiber having a single fiber diameter of more than 0.5 / zm is classified as a part of another fiber having a single fiber number average diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the cross-sectional photograph was measured using image processing software (WINROOF) to measure the cross-sectional area of each fiber classified into nanofibers and other fibers.
- the total area of Sn, 0.5 m or more fiber is defined as Sf.
- the specific gravity of the nanofiber is pn
- the specific gravity of the fiber exceeding 0.5 m is pf
- the weight mixing ratio of the nanofiber is a (%)
- the weight mixing ratio of other fibers of Lm or more is
- each ⁇ or ⁇ was determined five times by the above method, and the average value was defined as the weight mixing ratio of the nanofiber or other fiber.
- a synthetic paper sample is weighed about 1-2 g into a weighing bottle, kept at 110 ° C for 2 hours, dried and weighed (WO), and then the target substance is placed at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 65% for 24 hours. After holding, measure the weight (W65). Then, after keeping this at 30 ° C and a relative humidity of 90% for 24 hours, the weight is measured (W90). And it calculated
- the temperature was reduced from room temperature to 300 ° C in 10 ° C for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then the weight loss rate was maintained at 300 ° C for 5 minutes. It was measured.
- the melt viscosity of this copolymer PET at 262 ° C. and 1216 sec- 1 was 180 Pa's, and the kneading conditions were as follows.
- Fig. 1 shows a model diagram of the melt spinning device used for melt spinning.
- 1 is a hopper
- 2 is a fusion zone
- 3 is a spin block
- 4 is a spin pack
- 5 is a die
- 6 is a chimney
- 7 Is a melt-discharged yarn
- 8 is a bundle refueling guide
- 9 is a first take-up roller
- 10 is a second take-up roller
- 11 is a take-up yarn.
- the polymer alloy chip was melted at a melting point 2 at 275 ° C and led to a spin block 3 at a spinning temperature of 280 ° C. Then, the polymer alloy melt was filtered with a metal nonwoven fabric having a critical filtration diameter of 15 m, and then melt-spun from a die 5 having a die surface temperature of 262 ° C. At this time, a ferrule having a measuring part with a diameter of 0.3 mm above the discharge hole, a discharge hole diameter of 0.7 mm and a discharge hole length of 1.75 mm was used. The discharge rate per single hole at this time was set to 2.9 gZ. In addition, the distance from the base lower surface cooling start point (upper end of chimney 16) was 9 cm.
- the discharged yarn is cooled and solidified by cooling air at 20 ° C over lm, refueled by a lubrication guide 8 installed 1.8 m below the base 5, and then unheated first take-up roller 9 and It was wound at 900mZ through the second take-up roller 10.
- the spinnability at this time was good, and the breakage during continuous spinning for 24 hours was zero.
- This was subjected to stretching heat treatment at a temperature of the first hot roller of 98 ° C and a temperature of the second hot roller of 130 ° C. At this time, the stretching ratio between the first hot roller and the second hot roller was set to 3.2 times.
- the obtained "high molecular alloy fibers" exhibited excellent properties of 120 dtex, 12 filaments, strength 4.
- the 120-dtex, 12-filament "polymer alloy fiber” was urged to 2 mm with a guillotine cutter.
- the cut “polymer alloy fiber” is treated for 1 hour at 98 ° C with 10% sodium hydroxide to remove the polyester component of the sea component, filtered through a filter, and further reduced to a water content of about 100%.
- Dewatered by a centrifuge to obtain short fibers.
- the short fibers were repeatedly washed and dehydrated five times to remove sodium hydroxide, thereby obtaining nanofiber aggregate short fibers.
- About 20 liters of water and 30 g of the staple fiber were charged into Niagara Vita, and the fiber was first beaten for 10 minutes. The freeness of the first beaten nanofiber was 362.
- the fibers were dewatered with a centrifuge to obtain 250 g of primary beaten fibers having a fiber concentration of 12 wt%.
- This primary beaten fiber is beaten secondarily with a PFI beater for 10 minutes, and then dehydrated to obtain a secondary beaten fiber having a 10 wt% concentration of nanofibers. 250 g was obtained.
- the freeness of the second beaten nanofiber was 64.
- the nanofiber having a concentration of 10% by weight turned into a soft solid gel which was liquid and could be shaken even when it was placed in a reagent bottle and shaken even though it contained water 10 times or more.
- the gel-like material was diluted with water as shown in Example 6 to prepare a 0.01 wt% nanofiber-containing solution, and the average number of single fibers was measured.
- the diameter ⁇ m, the sum Pa of the single fiber ratio, and the concentration index Pb of the single fiber diameter were evaluated.
- Table 3 shows the single fiber diameter distribution table.
- the nanofibers in the nanofiber-containing gel had a ⁇ force of 60 nm, a Pa of 100%, and a Pb of 66%.
- a 1.0 ⁇ % concentration nanofiber-containing solution corresponds to 1.0 wt% of the fiber after the second beating in Example 1.
- the freeness of this nanofiber was 157. This is because the freeness of the lab mixer is slightly lower than that of the nanofiber after the second beating of Example 1 and the beating property is slightly lower, but the nanofiber with good dispersibility was obtained by repeated stirring for a long time. . 70 g of the 1.0 wt% nanofiber-containing solution and 500 cc of water were placed in a laboratory mixer, and dispersed at 60 OO rpm for 30 minutes to reduce the nanofiber concentration. Example 2) was obtained.
- Example 3 the 0.10 wt% blended solution was subjected to the same operation as in Example 2 and diluted 10-fold to obtain a 0.01% nanofiber blended solution (Example 3). Obtained.
- ⁇ m, Pa, and Pb were evaluated. Although m was 63 nm, Pa was 100%, and Pb was 61%, a blended solution in which nanofibers were dispersed to the same extent as in Example 1 was obtained despite being beaten with a laboratory mixer.
- Example 3 When the dispersion stability of the nanofiber was evaluated, the sedimentation time was 12 minutes (Example 3), 2.7 minutes for the normal fiber (27 m in diameter) (Comparative Example 2), and the sedimentation time for the ultrafine fiber (2 m in diameter). 1. Compared to 1 minute (Comparative Example 4), the dispersion stability with a longer settling time was better. Also, the precipitated nanofibers could be easily redispersed by stirring.
- the transparency of the blended solutions of Examples 2 and 3 was 1.8% and 53%, respectively, which was almost the same as the transparency of Example 6 in which the gelled nanofiber-containing gel was beaten in Example 1. Was. In Examples 2 and 3, the freeness of nanofibers with slightly higher freeness than in Example 1 was slightly inferior. Dispersion of the nanofiber by beating was possible.
- a commercially available nylon fiber having a single fiber number average diameter of 27 m is cut into 2 mm, and 0.7 g of the fiber and water are put into a lab mixer to make 500 cc.
- the lab mixer is dispersed at 6000 rpm for 30 minutes.
- a solution filtered through a 50-mesh stainless steel wire net was obtained.
- the nanofibers on the stainless steel mesh were returned to water, and the operations (1) and (2) were repeated three times. By this operation, an aqueous solution of about 0.1 wt% nylon fiber was obtained, but the fiber was not beaten at all. 10 g of the aqueous solution was placed in a vat, the water content was evaporated in a dryer, and the fiber concentration was measured to be 0.13 wt%.
- aqueous solution of a nylon fiber (Comparative Example 1). 70 g of the 0.10 wt% aqueous solution and water were put into a lab mixer to 500 cc, and the lab mixer was dispersed at 6000 rpm for 30 minutes to reduce the nylon fiber concentration. Got.
- the aqueous solutions of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were evaluated for ⁇ m, Pa, and Pb, ⁇ m was 27 m, Pa was 0%, and Pb was 92%. Unlike Nylon fibers, they could't beat it.
- Comparative Example 2 when the dispersion stability of the aqueous solution of Comparative Example 2 was evaluated based on the settling time, the solution settled quite quickly at 2.7 minutes, and the dispersion stability was good.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were 66% and 87%, respectively, indicating good transparency. This is due to the fact that the nylon fibers of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 have a larger diameter than the nanofibers. This is because the number of nylon fibers per unit volume in the solution is very small.
- JP-A-53-106872 describes that nylon 6 (N6) having a melting point of 220 ° C is used for the island component, polystyrene (PS) is used for the sea component, and N6 of the island component is 60% by weight.
- a sea-island composite fiber was drawn by performing the sea-island composite spinning by the method and subsequently performing drawing. Then, as described in the above-mentioned Example of JP-A-53-106872, by performing trichlorethylene treatment, 99% or more of PS in sea components was removed, and the diameter was reduced to about 2 m. N6 ultrafine fibers were obtained. When the cross section of this fiber was observed by TEM, the single fiber diameter of the ultrafine fiber was 2.2 m.
- This N6 ultrafine fiber is cut into 2 mm, and 0.7 g of the fiber and water are put into a lab mixer to make 500 cc. A filtered solution was obtained. (3) The nanofibers on the stainless steel wire net were returned to water, and the operations (1) and (2) were repeated three times. By this operation, an aqueous solution of about 0.1 wt% concentration of N6 ultrafine fiber was obtained.In the aqueous solution, the fiber became a floc with a size of several mm and a force of 15 mm, and the force was not sufficiently dispersed in the aqueous solution. .
- the aqueous solution had a reduced floc size and formed a lmm-5mm cluster in the aqueous solution, and when the cluster was allowed to stand, the N6 microfibers precipitated. It was easy.
- ⁇ was 2 .: m
- Pa was 0%
- Pb was 88%.
- nylon I could't beat the fiber.
- the dispersion stability of the 0.01% by weight aqueous solution of Comparative Example 4 was evaluated by the settling time, the dispersion settled very quickly at 1.1 minutes and the dispersion stability was good.
- the transparency of the aqueous solution was 14% and 52% in Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, respectively.
- Example of preparation of low-concentration nanofiber-containing solution from high-concentration nanofiber gel in Example 1 Example of preparation of low-concentration nanofiber-containing solution from high-concentration nanofiber gel in Example 1
- Example 4 150 g of the 10 wt% nanofiber obtained after the second beating obtained in Example 1 was collected, 850 g of water was added thereto, and (1) dispersed at 6000 rpm for 5 minutes using a laboratory mixer, and (2) a 50 mesh stainless steel wire mesh. To obtain a solution filtered. (3) The nanofibers on the stainless steel wire net were returned to water, and the operation (1X2) was repeated five times. By this operation, a nanofiber mixed solution having a concentration of about lwt% was obtained. 10 g of the solution was placed in a vat, the water content was evaporated in a dryer, and the fiber concentration was measured to be 1.1%. Further, water was added to the mixture to prepare a 1.00 wt% nanofiber mono-mixing solution (Example 4).
- Example 5 After collecting 15 Og of the 1.00 wt% nanofiber-containing solution, adding 850 g of water, and performing the above operations (1), (2), (3) (the number of operations of (3) is three), The concentration was adjusted to obtain a 0.10 wt% concentration nanofiber-containing solution (Example 5). After collecting 150 g of the 0.10 wt% nanofiber-containing solution, adding 850 g of water, and performing the above operations (1), (2), (3) (the number of operations of (3) is three), The concentration was adjusted to obtain a 0.01 wt% concentration nanofiber-containing solution (Example 6). When the zeta potential of the solution containing the nanofibers of Example 6 was measured, it was -14 mV.
- the nanofiber in the nanofiber blend solution of Example 6 was compared with the normal fiber of Comparative Example 2 and the ultrafine fiber of Comparative Example 4.
- the settling time of the fiber was 10 minutes, and the dispersibility of the nanofiber was good.
- the transparency of the blended solutions of Examples 4, 5, and 6 was 0%, 1.2%, and 51%, respectively.
- an a-one dispersant (Sharol AN-103P, molecular weight: 10,000) containing sodium polyacrylate as a main component manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. was added so as to have a concentration of 0.10 wt% with respect to each compounding solution, followed by stirring to obtain a compounding solution of Examples 7-9.
- Zeta potential of the nanofiber-containing solution of Example 9 was measured and found to be -50 mV.
- the nanofiber-containing solution of Example 8 lasted 360 minutes. Comparing the sedimentation times of Example 6 and Example 9, Comparative Examples 2 and 5, and Comparative Examples 4 and 6, the effect of the addition of the dispersant was greatest for the nanofiber-containing solution, compared to conventional ordinary fibers and ultrafine fibers. In comparison, in the case of nanofibers, the dispersibility is dramatically improved (36 times as much as that of non-added pulp) by the addition of a dispersant.
- the transparency of the blended solutions of Examples 7, 8, and 9 was 0%, 2.4%, and 63%, respectively.
- the dispersant was not added in the 0.01 wt% concentration of the blended solution of Example 9 due to the addition of the dispersing agent. Compared with Example 6, the effect of improving transparency by 10% or more was obtained.
- the concentration of nanofibers in the blended solution is high, the number of nanofibers per unit volume of the blended solution increases, and the dispersibility is not significantly improved even if a dispersant is added.
- the concentration of the nanofibers be 0.05 wt% or less.
- the main component of Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. was polysodium acrylate Is an a-one dispersant (Shalol AN-103P: molecular weight 10,000) with a concentration of 0.1 And stirred to obtain aqueous solutions of Comparative Examples 5 and 6.
- Shalol AN-103P molecular weight 10,000
- the following compounding agent was added to the nanofiber-containing solution prepared in Example 6 to prepare a lotion containing nanofibers.
- Sensory evaluation was performed on 10 test subjects when using lotion.
- Comparative Examples 7 and 8 normal fibers having a diameter of several tens / zm or ultrafine fibers having a diameter of several / zm were used.
- the force nanofiber lotion which was 10 in Example 7 and 9 in Comparative Example 8, all subjects felt that the feeling of use was uncomfortable and natural.
- the nanofiber lotion improved rough skin and prevented sunburn, and furthermore, there was no flow due to sweat, and the makeup was good.
- the nanofiber-containing solution prepared in Example 5 and a commercially available lotion were mixed in the following mixing ratio, and mixed with a lab stirrer for 3 minutes. Fiber-containing water was prepared. A sensory evaluation of the use of the lotion on 10 subjects revealed that all subjects felt natural without any discomfort during use. Also, by blending nanofibers In addition, the flow of makeup due to sweat was prevented, and the makeup was improved. Also, by blending the nanofibers, the pore diameter becomes smaller due to the entanglement between the nanofibers, so that the moisturizing property is improved, and the moist feeling of the skin after use of the cosmetic is improved.
- the following compounding agents were added to the nanofiber compounding solution prepared in Example 5 to prepare an emulsion.
- the compounding method is as follows. First, add nanofiber, lecithin, propylene glycol and pure water and stir to obtain solution A. Next, the carboxybutyl polymer is neutralized with a part (0.4 wt%) of ethanolamine to obtain a solution B. Oil components such as stearic acid, glyceryl monostearate, cetanol, liquid paraffin, and squalane are mixed at 80 ° C to obtain a C solution.
- Nanofiber-containing solution of Example 5 10. Owt%
- Glycerin monostearate 1. Owt%
- the nanofiber emulsion was mixed with the nanofiber emulsion prepared in Example 5 and a commercially available emulsion (the Shiseido The'Skin Care Night Essential Moisture Riser 1 (trade name)) in the following mixing ratio using a laboratory stirrer for 15 minutes. Produced.
- a sensory evaluation of the use of the emulsion was performed on 10 subjects, and it was found that all of the subjects did not feel uncomfortable when using the emulsion and had a natural feeling of use.
- the nanofibers uniformly covered the skin surface, that is, the sealing power of the skin surface improved the moist feeling of the skin after using makeup.
- the flow of makeup due to sweat was prevented, and the makeup was improved.
- the nanofibers were good for the skin, and the balance between the air permeability and the moisturizing properties due to the sealing force of the many nanofibers was good.
- the foundation is made of fiber Due to the effects of adhesion, water retention, moisture retention, air permeability, and the like, the skin was good and the resistance to flow due to sweat was high.
- Nanofiber-containing solution of Example 4 10. Owt%
- Canoleboxybininole polymer -0.3 wt%
- Titanium oxide fine particles 6. Owt%
- Glycerin monostearate 2. Owt%
- the following compounding agents were added to the nanofiber compounding solution prepared in Example 4, and mixed at 40 ° C. with a low-speed laboratory stirrer until uniform to prepare an oily cream containing nanofibers.
- a sensory evaluation of the use of the oil-based cream was performed on 10 subjects, and it was found that all of the subjects had good slipperiness during application and a good feel when applying, which was uncomfortable during use.
- the cream has a good moist feeling on the skin, and the makeup is free from sweat. The stickiness was good.
- Nanofiber-containing solution of Example 4. 10. Owt%
- the following compounding agent was added to the nanofiber gel after the second beating prepared in Example 1 and mixed at 40 ° C. using a low-speed laboratory stirrer until uniform to prepare a nanofiber compounded pack.
- the nanofibers in the pack penetrated into wrinkles on the skin, removing dirt and fat components that were difficult to remove from the streaks, giving the skin a refreshing and glossy effect.
- moisture removal and nutrient supply for example, various nutrients can be added
- Titanium oxide fine particles 1. Owt%
- Example 1 1.6 g of nanofiber aggregated short fibers having a moisture percentage of 100% obtained in Example 1 (0.8 g when dried) were collected, and the commercially available emulsion used in Example 13 (Shiseido's Skincare No. 499.5 g of Idro-balancing softener (trade name)) was added, and the mixture was dispersed with a laboratory mixer at 6000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain an emulsion filtered through a 50 mesh stainless steel wire mesh. (3) The nanofibers on the stainless steel wire mesh were returned to the emulsion, and the operation of (1X2) was repeated seven times. By this operation, a nanofiber emulsion having a concentration of about 0.1% by weight was obtained.
- the emulsion was put in a vat (10 g), the water content was evaporated in a dryer, and the fiber concentration was measured to be 0.12 wt%. Further, a commercially available emulsion was added to prepare a nanofiber emulsion having a concentration of 0.10 wt%.
- Nanofiber of Example 1 (pure content) 0.1wt%
- the nanofiber aggregate short fibers having a water content of 100% obtained in Example 1 were dried at 50 ° C for 12 hours, and 0.8 g of the dried nanofibers was mixed with the following solvent: ethanol (Example 18) and toluene. 499.5 g of each solution (Example 19) was charged, and (1) the mixture was directly mixed and dispersed in a solvent at 6000 rpm for 10 minutes using a laboratory mixer. A liquid was obtained. (3) The nanofibers on the stainless steel wire net were returned to the organic solvent solution, and the operations (1) and (2) were repeated seven times. By this operation, a blended solution in which about 0.1 wt% concentration of nanofibers was blended in an organic solvent was obtained.
- nanofiber-containing solution having a concentration of 0.10 wt%.
- the nanofibers in the solution are well dispersed in the organic solvent, ⁇ m is 61 nm (Example 18) and 62 nm (Example 19), respectively, Pa is 100% in both examples, and Pb is 64% (Example 18) and 63% (Example 19), respectively, indicating that even when beating the nanofiber in an organic solvent, the nanofiber can be beaten similarly to the beating in water in Example 1.
- the ethanol solution containing nanofibers can be used for cosmetics and paints, and the toluene solution containing nanofibers (Example 19) can be used for paints and adhesives.
- Nanofiber of Example 1 (pure content) 0.1wt%
- aggregation of the nanofibers is likely to occur depending on the type of the organic solvent used. It is a method that can be replaced with a solvent, and is a method suitable for uniform dispersion of nanofibers with low compatibility with organic solvents.
- Example 19 300 g of a nanofiber-containing solution in which the solvent obtained in Example 19 was toluene and 300 g of a commercially available urethane-based coating material in which the solvent was toluene were stirred at 120 ° C. and 30 ° C. for 30 minutes in a laboratory-lab, and the nano A paint containing fibers was obtained.
- the resulting paint was easy to apply when the coating was stretched by a brush.
- the surface of the paint after application was smooth even though fibers were added.
- N6 used in Example 1, weight average molecular weight 120,000, melt viscosity 30 Pa * s (240 ° C, shear rate 2432 sec-, melting point 170 ° C, poly-L-lactic acid (optical purity 99.5% or more), Melting and mixing were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of N6 was set to 20 wt% and the kneading temperature was set to 220 ° C to obtain a polymer alloy chip.
- the weight average molecular weight of poly L-lactic acid was determined as follows. That is, THF (tetrahydrofuran) was mixed with a sample form solution of the sample to prepare a measurement solution. This was measured at 25 ° C. using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) Waters 2690 manufactured by Waters, and the weight average molecular weight was calculated in terms of polystyrene.
- GPC Gel Permeation Chromatography
- the melt viscosity of the N6 used in Example 1 at a shear rate of 2432 sec- 1 was 57 Pa's.
- the melt viscosity of this poly-L-lactic acid at 215 ° C and a shear rate of 1216 sec- 1 was 86 Pa's.
- melt temperature of 230 ° C a melt temperature of 230 ° C (a die surface temperature of 215 ° C), a spinning speed of 3200 mZ, and a melt spinning were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an undrawn yarn. Obtained.
- the obtained undrawn yarn was subjected to a drawing heat treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the drawing temperature was 90 ° C, the drawing ratio was 1.5 times, and the heat setting temperature was 130 ° C, to obtain a polymer alloy fiber.
- This polymer alloy fiber had 70 dtex and 36 filaments, and had a strength of 3.4 cN / dtex, an elongation of 38%, and a U% of 0.7%.
- poly-L-lactic acid showed the sea
- N6 showed the sea-island structure of the island
- the number average diameter of the island component N6 was 55 nm.
- N6 was a polymer alloy fiber uniformly dispersed in the size of Na.
- the high-molecular-weight alloy fiber was cut into a scab-like tow of about 130,000 dtex.
- the outer periphery of the tow was tied with cotton thread and fixed every 30 cm to prevent the tow from falling apart during the sea removal process.
- the hull tension was adjusted so that the fiber density of the tow was 0.04 g / cm 3, and the tow was set in the sea removal apparatus shown in FIG. Then, this tow was treated with 3% sodium hydroxide at 98 ° C. for 2 hours to remove the poly-L-lactic acid component of the sea component, thereby producing a tow that was as powerful as a nanofiber.
- an a-on dispersant (Shalol AN-103P: molecular weight 10,000), whose main component is sodium polyacrylate, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., was added to the solution.
- the mixture was added to a concentration of 0.10 wt%, and stirred with a lab mixer to mix the nanoparticle of Example 22.
- a fiber blend solution was obtained.
- the dispersion stability of the nanofibers in this blended solution was evaluated by settling time, and was 740 minutes. The transparency of this blended solution was 78% .o
- Example of nanofiber-containing solution containing dispersant (2) In Example 22, nanofiber short fibers cut to a fiber length of 0.5 mm and a fiber length of lmm were obtained using a tow consisting of the nanofibers obtained in Example 22. Obtained. In Example 23, nanofiber short fibers with a fiber length of 0.5 mm and in Example 24 with a fiber length of 1 mm were beaten in the same manner as in Example 22 to obtain secondary beaten fibers. The freeness of the second beaten nanofibers was 43 in Example 23 and 58 in Example 24. Subsequently, the concentration of the solution was adjusted and a dispersant was added in the same manner as in Example 22 to obtain solutions containing the nanofibers of Examples 23 and 24, respectively.
- Example 23 When the dispersion stability of the nanofibers in this blended solution was evaluated by the settling time, it was 520 minutes in Example 23 and 410 minutes in Example 24. Further, when the transparency of this blended solution was evaluated, it was 70% in Example 23 and 68% in Example 24.
- Example of nanofiber-containing solution containing dispersant (3) In Example 22, the concentration of the dispersant was 10 wt% in Example 25 and 0.01 wt% in Example 26. Was obtained respectively.
- the dispersion stability of the nanofibers in this blended solution was evaluated by the settling time, it was 452 minutes in Example 25 and 627 minutes in Example 26. Further, the transparency of each of the blended solutions was 65% in Example 25 and 83% in Example 26.
- Example 2 This was melt-spun in the same manner as in Example 1 at a melting temperature of 260 ° C, a spinning temperature of 260 ° C (die surface temperature of 245 ° C), a single hole discharge rate of 1. OgZ, and a spinning speed of 1200 mZ.
- the obtained undrawn yarn was subjected to a drawing heat treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the drawing temperature was 100 ° C, the drawing ratio was 2.49 times, and the heat setting temperature was 115 ° C.
- the fiber concentration of the PBT nanofiber was 8 wt%, and the freeness was 96.
- dilute this 10% wt secondary beaten fiber with water to make a 0.01 wt% PBT nanofiber-containing solution and prepare ⁇ m, Pa, Pb
- ⁇ ⁇ was 52 nm
- Pa force was 100%
- Pb was 69%.
- nanofiber compounding solution To this nanofiber compounding solution was added a non-ionic dispersant (Daigen EA-87: molecular weight 10,000) manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. so that the concentration became 0.10 wt% with respect to the compounding solution.
- the mixture was stirred with a mixer to obtain a PBT nanofiber-containing solution of Example 27.
- the dispersion stability of the nanofibers in this blended solution was evaluated by settling time, and was 669 minutes. The transparency of this blended solution was 81%.
- Example 28 Example of nanofiber compound solution containing dispersant (5)
- Example 22 Melt viscosity 300Pa 's (220 ° C, 121. 6sec-, poly L and lactic acid (80 wt%) having a melting point of 162 ° C for PP (20 weight 0/0) to Example 22, the kneading temperature of 220 ° C The mixture was melted and kneaded in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a polymer alloy chip.
- Example 2 This was subjected to melt spinning in the same manner as in Example 1 at a melting temperature of 220 ° C, a spinning temperature of 220 ° C (a die surface temperature of 205 ° C), a single-hole discharge rate of 2. OgZ, and a spinning speed of 1200mZ.
- the obtained undrawn yarn was subjected to a drawing heat treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the drawing temperature was 90 ° C, the drawing ratio was 2.0 times, and the heat setting temperature was 130 ° C.
- the obtained drawn yarn had 101 dtex and 12 filaments, and had a strength of 2. OcN / dtex and an elongation of 47%.
- this 10 wt% secondary beating fiber was diluted with water to prepare a 0.01 wt% PP nanofiber-containing solution, and ⁇ , Pa, Pb
- ⁇ ⁇ was 154 nm
- Pa force was 00%
- Pb was 69%.
- Example 29 To this nanofiber compounding solution, a non-ionic dispersant (Daigen EA-87: molecular weight 10,000) manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. was added so that the concentration becomes 0.10 wt% with respect to the compounding solution. The mixture was stirred to obtain a PP nanofiber-containing solution of Example 27. The dispersion stability of the nanofibers in this blended solution was evaluated by settling time, and was 597 minutes. Further, the transparency of this blended solution was 72%.
- a non-ionic dispersant (Daigen EA-87: molecular weight 10,000) manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. was added so that the concentration becomes 0.10 wt% with respect to the compounding solution. The mixture was stirred to obtain a PP nanofiber-containing solution of Example 27. The dispersion stability of the nanofibers in this blended solution was evaluated by settling time, and was 597 minutes. Further, the transparency of this blended solution
- the melt viscosity of this copolymer PET at 262 ° C. and 1216 sec- 1 was 180 Pa's, and the kneading conditions were as follows.
- Screw type Fully-coupling two-way screw in the same direction
- Kneading section length is 28% of screw effective length
- the kneading section was positioned on the discharge side from the effective screw length of 1Z3.
- Polymer supply N6 and copolymerized PET were separately measured and separately supplied to a kneader.
- Fig. 1 shows a model diagram of the melt spinning device used for melt spinning.
- 1 is a hopper
- 2 is a fusion part
- 3 is a spin block
- 4 is a spin pack
- 5 is a spinneret
- 6 is a chimney
- 7 is a melt-discharged thread
- 8 is a bundled lubrication guide
- 9 is a 1 is a take-up roller
- 10 is a second take-up roller
- 11 is a take-up thread.
- This polymer alloy chip was melted in a melting section 2 at 275 ° C and led to a spin block 3 at a spinning temperature of 280 ° C.
- the polymer alloy melt was filtered with a metal nonwoven fabric having a critical filtration diameter of 15 m, and then melt-spun from a die 5 having a die surface temperature of 262 ° C.
- a die having a measuring part with a diameter of 0.3 mm above the discharge hole, a discharge hole diameter of 0.7 mm and a discharge hole length of 1.75 mm was used.
- the discharge amount per single hole was set to 2.9 gZ.
- the distance from the lower surface of the base to the cooling start point (upper end of chimney 16) was 9 cm.
- the discharged yarn becomes lm with cooling air of 20 ° C
- it was lubricated by a lubrication guide 8 installed 1.8 m below the base 5, and then wound up by 900 mZ via a non-heated first take-up roller 9 and second take-up roller 10.
- the spinnability at this time was good, and the breakage during continuous spinning for 24 hours was zero.
- This was subjected to stretching heat treatment at a temperature of the first hot roller of 98 ° C and a temperature of the second hot roller of 130 ° C. At this time, the elongation ratio between the first hot roller and the second hot roller was set to 3.2 times.
- N6 showed the island component (round portion) and the copolymerized PET showed the sea island component structure of the sea (other portion) (see Fig. 2).
- the diameter of the island component N6 was 53 nm, and a polymer alloy fiber in which N6 was superdifferentiated was obtained.
- the obtained 120-dtex, 12-filament "polymer alloy fiber” was cut into 2 mm with a guillotine cutter.
- the cut “polymer alloy fiber” is treated at 98 ° C with 10% sodium hydroxide for 1 hour to remove the polyester component of the sea component, and then filtered through a filter until the water content becomes approximately 100%.
- Dewatered by a centrifuge to obtain short fibers.
- the obtained short fibers were repeatedly washed and dehydrated five times to remove sodium hydroxide, thereby obtaining nanofiber short fibers.
- TEM observation of the cross section of the obtained N6 nanofiber short fiber showed that the average diameter ⁇ m of the single fiber was 57 nm, and the LZD of the N6 nanofiber short fiber at this time was about 35,000.
- the adjusted solution was paper-made on a 25 cm square filter paper # 2 (5 m) manufactured by Advantech Co., Ltd., which was previously placed on a wire mesh net for papermaking, dewatered with a roller, dried with a drum dryer, and then filtered. After peeling, it was dried again to obtain a synthetic paper with only nanofibers.
- the synthetic paper had a very small basis weight of 8.4 gZm 2, and a nanofiber synthetic paper with a very small thickness of 30 / zm was obtained.
- the resulting nanofiber synthetic paper was very thin, but had a strength of 2.2 NZcm and an elongation of 12%, which was practically acceptable.
- nanofibers having a small diameter of a single fiber were uniformly dispersed, and thus the pore area was small and uniform at 0.0033 m 2. The pore area was measured by the measurement method described in section S.
- the maximum average luminance Lh was 91.6 as the image processing condition for removing extra fibers that were not necessary for measuring the pore area.
- the erase luminance level which is 50%, was 45.8%, and the measured image at that time is shown in FIG.
- the synthetic paper of this example has such a fine pore area, and the dispersibility and uniformity of the nanofibers are good. Synthetic paper with a low gas permeability of 0.35 cc / cm 2 Zsec and high gas shielding power was obtained.
- the synthetic paper had a high surface smoothness of 1660 seconds.
- the density of commercial paper using ordinary pulp is about 0.5 g / cm 3
- the density of the nanofiber synthetic paper of this example is 0.28 g / cm 3
- a relatively low-density synthetic paper was obtained despite the high cohesion of the fibers and the difficulty in dispersion. This is because nanofibers are well separated by the method for producing nanofiber synthetic paper of the present invention. Probably because it was scattered.
- the nanofiber synthetic paper obtained this time was subjected to pressure and drying treatment to remove moisture after papermaking, but is generally performed in the field of synthetic paper, and is simple to improve the density and strength. Processing such as pressurization and hot press
- nanofiber synthetic paper when screen gauze is used as a base material is shown.
- nanofibers were dispersed one by one in the center of the screen gauze lattice, as in Example 29. However, the nanofibers were observed to be tightly entangled with the monofilament near the monofilament forming the screen gauze lattice.
- the single fiber number average diameter ⁇ ⁇ of the nanofibers in this synthetic paper was 58 nm, the sum Pa of the single fiber ratio was 100%, and the concentration index Pb of the single fiber diameter was 66%.
- the nanofiber S-screen gauze will fall off even without using a binder. It was possible to make paper without any problems.
- the nanofiber synthetic paper of this example the nanofibers existing in the center of the screen gauze grid were also dispersed uniformly, and the portion had sufficient strength to prevent large pinholes and tears. .
- the resulting synthetic paper is screened.
- the synthetic paper was integrated with nanofibers based on ginseng. The total basis weight of this synthetic paper was 45.6 g / m, the thickness was 102 m, and the density was 0.45 g / cm 3 .
- the screen gauze portion (weight per unit area: 37.4 gZm 2 , thickness and density: 0.53 g / cm 3 ) was removed from this synthetic paper, the weight per unit area was only 8.
- the thickness was 32 m
- the density was 0.26 g / cm 3
- the portion of only the nanofibers of this example was almost the same as the synthetic paper of Example 29 with 100% nanofibers. That is, it is formed on a nanofiber synthetic paper strength S screen gauze and composited.
- the screen gauze used as the base material was able to obtain a nanofiber composite paper that could use the same force binder.
- the nanofibers and the screen gauze are integrated, but the density of the nanofibers existing in the grid of the screen gauze is the same as that of the nanofiber synthetic paper of Example 29. It is considered to be about. Furthermore, this composite synthetic paper has a reinforcing effect of screen gauze and has a strength of about 91.2 NZcm and an elongation of 34%, but the nanofibers actually existing in the grid portion of the screen gauze are the same as in Example 29. Since the elongation is about 10% or more, it breaks when pulled with strong force, but is easier to handle than the synthetic paper of Example 29. Further, the composite synthetic paper, by a uniform single fiber diameters of nanofibers, pore area is also uniform, the value is very small as 0.
- nanofiber synthetic paper of this example was subjected to pressurization and drying to remove water after papermaking, but was not subjected to processing such as simple pressurization or hot pressing to improve density and strength. By performing such processing, there is a possibility that these characteristics can be adjusted according to the purpose and application.
- the adjustment solution is directly paper on a papermaking wire mesh net, dehydrated by rollers and dried by a drum dryer, basis weight 32.80% nanofibers 3gZm 2, N6 synthetic ⁇ type superfine fiber 20% mixed I got the paper.
- the average single fiber number diameter ⁇ of the nanofiber was 59 nm, the sum of the single fiber proportions was 100%, and the concentration index of the single fiber diameter was 100%.
- Pb was 65%.
- the obtained nanofiber synthetic paper is nanofibers component was 80%, a papermaking properties also good, weight per unit area also 32. 3gZm 2 and microfine fibers and ⁇ the synthetic paper in a force thickness thin tool strength The target was 1.5 NZcm and the elongation was 7.3%, which was practically acceptable.
- surface observation by SEM showed that some of the nanofibers among the ultrafine fibers were slightly entangled with each other, but most of them were dispersed and dispersed one by one.
- the nanofibers are made of ultrafine fibers having a diameter larger than the diameter as aggregate, and a space is secured by spreading like a spider web, and the thickness becomes 154 m thicker than that of Example 30, Since the density was also slightly reduced to 0.21 g / cm 3 , the air permeability can be considerably increased to 1 lccZcm 2 Zsec as compared with Example 30, and the mixed synthetic paper of this example requires air permeability. It is considered that it can be used in various fields. Moreover, the force coarse pores Ya pinhole Nag 50 mu pinholes or m even pore area was increased to 0. 0 113 m 2 was 0.
- the synthetic paper had a high surface smoothness of 320 seconds.
- the nanofiber-mixed synthetic paper obtained this time was subjected to pressurization and drying to remove moisture after papermaking, but was not subjected to processing such as simple pressurization or hot pressing to improve density and strength. Therefore, there is a possibility that these characteristics can be adjusted according to the purpose and application.
- ⁇ MR moisture absorption
- nanofibers are mixed at 5 wt% or less.
- a nanofiber synthetic paper is prepared by blending a small amount of nanofibers into synthetic paper whose main material is ⁇ 6 ultrafine fibers with a single fiber number average diameter of 2 ⁇ m and pulp binder. 0.50 g of secondary beaten fiber obtained in the same manner as in Example 29, 0.22 g of wood pulp having a freeness of 450, the number of single fibers 1.80 g of N6 ultrafine fiber having an average diameter of 2 m, and Daiichi Kogyo Pharmaceutical Aeon-based dispersant (Shalol AN-103P: molecular weight 10,000) and 1 liter of water were placed in a disintegrator and dispersed for 5 minutes.
- the dispersion in the disintegrator was placed in a container of an experimental paper machine (square sheet machine), and water was added to make a 20 liter adjusted solution.
- This adjusted solution is made directly on a wire mesh net for papermaking, dewatered with a roller, dried with a drum dryer, and composed of 2.4% of nanofibers, 87% of ultrafine fibers, and 10.6% of wood pulp.
- a mixed synthetic paper was obtained.
- the single fiber number average diameter ⁇ of the nanofibers in this synthetic paper was 59 nm, the sum Pa of the single fiber ratio was 100%, and the The concentration index Pb of the fiber diameter was 63%. Since the wood pulp is present as a binder! /, Ru, and less nanofibers can satisfactorily paper also having a basis weight 31. 6gZm 2, thickness force 243 / ⁇ ⁇ , strength 3. LNZcm, elongation 15% mixed synthetic paper was obtained.
- the pressure for removing water after the papermaking was also reduced, and then the drying treatment was performed. did.
- the presence ratio of nanofibers in the mixed synthetic paper was small, so that the fibers were less entangled than in Example 31, and each fiber was scattered one by one. It was a mixed synthetic paper in which nanofibers were uniformly dispersed.
- the amount is very small damage of nanofibers density is also low density 0. 13 g / cm 3, pore area also increased to 0. 0470 m 2, or large pores ⁇ Pinholes are 0 Pinholes of 50 m or more are 0.
- the surface smoothness was 220 seconds.
- This mixed synthetic paper has low permeation resistance to fluids such as gas and liquid. It is useful as a base material for separating and adsorbing useful components and removing fine particles and foreign matter.
- the air permeability of the mixed synthetic paper of this example was 34 ccZcm 2 Zsec, which was considerably larger than that of Example 31.
- This N6 nanofiber synthetic paper was suitable for an air filter because of its high air permeability. Furthermore, the surface of this N6 nanofiber paper contains many nano-level pores, and it is thought that the liquid has low permeation resistance.
- This adjusted solution was previously made on a 25 cm square screen gauze (made of PET, fiber diameter 70 m, hole diameter 80 m square) placed on a wire mesh net for papermaking, dehydrated with a roller, dried with a drum dryer, I tried to peel off the nanofiber and screen gauze, but could not peel off, and obtained nanofiber synthetic paper using screen gauze as the base material.
- the number average diameter ⁇ ⁇ of single fibers of the nanofibers of the synthetic paper was 57 nm, the sum Pa of the single fiber ratio was 100%, and the single fiber diameter was 100%.
- Screen gauze (with a basis weight of 37. Thickness 70 mu m, is only with eye nanofibers density to remove 0.
- the nanofiber Mino The basis weight was 2. lgZm 2 and the thickness was very thin. If the force Nanofuai bar is in a normal dry nonwoven fabric is very difficult to produce LOgZm 2 following sheet, because of the high number of fibers much coverage, a thin synthetic paper unprecedented work Production was also possible. In addition, the nanofibers are entangled very thinly like a spider web evenly over the entire screen part of the screen gauze (fiber diameter 70 m, hole diameter 80 ⁇ m square)! /, Te, ru, but a little pinhole Was observed, and two pinholes of 50 ⁇ m or more were Zcm 2 .
- the airflow rate was 0.666 cc / cm 2 Zsec and the airflow rate was slightly increased compared to Example 30. It is thought to be due to the influence of.
- the pore area was 0.0042 m 2, which was larger than that of Example 30.
- the surface smoothness was 430 seconds, which was a synthetic paper with high surface smoothness.
- a nanofiber synthetic paper having a single fiber number average diameter of 114 nm will be described.
- Melt spinning was carried out in the same manner as in Example 29, except that N6 was changed to N6 (mixing ratio: 50% by weight) having a melt viscosity of 500 Pa's (262 ° C, a shear rate of 121.6 sec—, and a melting point of 220 ° C).
- the spinnability at the time was good, the yarn break during continuous spinning for 24 hours was one time, and this was also stretched and heat-treated as in Example 29, 128 dtex, 36 filaments, strength 4.
- copolymer PET showed the sea
- N6 showed the sea-island structure of the island
- the diameter of the island N6 by number average was l lOnm
- a polymer alloy fiber in which N6 was ultrafinely dispersed was obtained.
- the obtained 128-dtex, 36-filament "polymer alloy fiber” was cut into 2 mm with a guillotine cutter.
- the cut “polymer alloy fiber” was treated at 98 ° C. with 10% sodium hydroxide for 1 hour to remove the polyester component of the sea component, and then filtered through a filter. % By centrifugation to obtain short fibers.
- N6 nanofiber short fibers After washing and dehydrating the obtained short fibers five times, sodium hydroxide was removed to obtain nanofiber short fibers.
- the cross section of the obtained N6 nanofiber short fiber was observed by TEM. From the observation, it was found that the single fiber number average diameter ⁇ ⁇ was 114 nm, and the LZD of the N6 nanofiber short fibers at this time was about 17,500.
- Sarapiko, 5.5 g of the secondary beaten fiber and 0.5 g of Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.-based dispersant (Shalol AN-103P: molecular weight 10,000) are placed in a disintegrator together with 1 liter of water for 5 minutes. Dispersed. The dispersion in the disintegrator was placed in a container of an experimental paper machine (square sheet machine), and water was added to obtain a 20-liter prepared solution. The prepared solution was paper-made on a 25 cm square screen gauze (fiber diameter 70 m, pore diameter 80 m square) previously placed on a wire mesh net for papermaking, dehydrated with a roller, dried with a dram dryer, and then dried with nanofibers. The screen gauze was peeled off, but could not be peeled off, and a nanofiber synthetic paper using the screen gauze as a base material was obtained.
- Shalol AN-103P molecular weight 10,000
- the single fiber number average diameter ⁇ m was 114 nm
- the sum Pa of the single fiber ratio was 98%
- the concentration index Pb of the single fiber diameter was 58%. I got it.
- the resulting nanofiber synthetic paper could be made on screen gauze without any problem.
- the nanofibers were changed one by one, and a synthetic paper in which the nanofibers were uniformly dispersed was obtained.
- the basis weight is 6.9 g / m 2
- the thickness is 111 / ⁇
- the density is 0.42 g / cm 3
- the strength is 91.2 N /
- the synthetic paper had a cm and elongation of 34%.
- This synthetic paper strength is also obtained by removing the screen gauze (with a basis weight of 37.0 / ⁇ and a density of 0.53 g / cm 3 ) using only the nanofibers.
- the thickness was 41 m
- the density was 0.21 g / cm 3
- the nanofiber synthetic paper had a uniform formation.
- the number of pinholes of 50 / zm or more, where large holes and pinholes were formed was zero.
- the synthetic paper had a high surface smoothness of 1180 seconds.
- Example 29 a synthetic paper having a small gas permeability of 0.63 cc / cm 2 Zsec was obtained as in Example 29, but the gas permeability was slightly increased as compared with Example 30. This is the example This is because the pore area of the synthetic paper obtained in Example 2 was increased to 0.0084 m 2 and the density was reduced to 0.21 g / cm 3 as compared with Example 29. In addition, since the average diameter of single fibers of the nanofibers is larger than that of Example 29, the dispersibility of the nanofibers is improved, and the portion where the fibers adhere closely is smaller than that of Example 29. Conceivable.
- synthetic paper having an ultrafine fiber strength is produced with a ⁇ 6 ultrafine fiber having a single fiber diameter of 2 ⁇ m and a pulp binder.
- N85 ultrafine fiber 1.85 g of wood pulp with a freeness of 450 0.22 g (Shalol AN-103P: molecular weight 10,000) was placed in a disaggregator together with 1 liter of water, and dispersed for 5 minutes.
- the dispersion in the disintegrator was placed in a container of an experimental paper machine (square sheet machine), and water was added to obtain a 20 liter prepared solution.
- the prepared solution was directly formed on a wire mesh net for papermaking, dehydrated by a roller, and dried by a drum dryer to obtain a synthetic paper comprising N6 ultrafine fibers and a binder of wood pulp.
- the synthetic paper made of this ultrafine fiber has a basis weight of 33.
- the thickness was 242 m and the density was 0.14 g / cm 3 .
- the obtained synthetic paper made of the ultrafine fiber was used as a filter instead of a screen put on a wire mesh of the experimental paper machine of Example 29.
- the nanofiber dispersion liquid dispersed in the disintegrator of Example 29 was placed in a container of an experimental paper machine (square sheet machine), and water was added to prepare a 20-liter prepared solution.
- This prepared solution was made on a 25 cm square N6 ultrafine fiber synthetic paper placed on a wire mesh net for papermaking in advance, dewatered with a roller, dried with a drum dryer, and nanofibers were laminated on the ultrafine fiber.
- a composite synthetic paper was obtained. Since N6 microfibers made in advance were used as the base material, it was possible to make the paper well by making the nanofibers so that the nanofibers were dispersed on the surface or inside of the base material.
- the nanofibers in the synthetic paper had a single fiber number average diameter ⁇ ⁇ of 57 nm, the sum of the single fiber ratios Pa was 99%, and the single fiber diameter was concentrated.
- the degree index Pb was 72%.
- the total weight of the obtained composite synthetic paper is 42. 5 / ⁇ , strength 3.2 NZcm, elongation 16%.
- the thickness is 43 / ⁇ ⁇ and the density is 0.20 g / cm 3 .
- the nanofibers are spread in the space inside the N6 ultrafine fibers.
- the nanofibers can be better dispersed between the ultrafine fibers.
- the composite synthetic paper of this example had no pinholes of 50 / zm or more, and had a surface smoothness of 560 seconds, indicating that the synthetic paper had high surface smoothness.
- the composite synthetic paper of this example has a low density of 0.15 g / cm 3 and a large hole area of 0.0174 / zm 2 , the air permeability is considerably higher than that of Example 31 at 23 cc Zcm 2 Zsec. The amount could be increased.
- This composite synthetic paper has a low permeation resistance to fluids such as gas and liquid, and is useful as a base material for separating and adsorbing useful components from such fluids and removing fine particles and foreign substances.
- Various filter media can be made by forming synthetic paper molded products by processing or corrugating.
- the composite synthetic paper of the meltblown nonwoven fabric and the nanofiber synthetic paper will be described.
- a melt-blown nonwoven fabric with a single fiber number average diameter of 3 ⁇ m (basis weight 30 gZm 2 , thickness 130 m, density 0.231 g / cm 3 ) manufactured by melt blow method was used as a filter for papermaking.
- a preparation solution of nanofibers was made on this nonwoven fabric in the same manner as in No. 33 to obtain a composite synthetic paper of PP meltblown nonwoven fabric and nanofibers.
- the average diameter of single fibers of the nanofibers, ⁇ was 57 nm, the sum of the single fiber proportions, Pa was 99%, and the concentration index of single fiber diameter, Pb was 63%.
- the composite synthetic paper obtained had a total weight of 35. The thickness was 160 m, the strength was 3.5 NZcm, and the elongation was 3%. If the nanofibers are simply laminated on the PP meltblown nonwoven fabric, the difference between the entire composite synthetic paper and the meltblown nonwoven fabric alone becomes the nanofiber portion, so the basis weight of the nanofiber alone is 5.6 g / m2.
- the thickness is 30 m and the density is 0.19 g / cm 3 .
- nanofibers could be uniformly dispersed in the space of ultrafine fibers in the same manner as in Example 35 using the PP meltblown nonwoven fabric.
- the density of this composite synthetic paper was as low as 0.23 g / cm 3 and the pore area was as large as 0.013 m 2 , so that the air permeability was considerably higher than that of Example 31 at 15 cc Zcm 2 Zsec. could be enlarged.
- the composite synthetic paper 50 m or more pinholes in the present embodiment is one ZCM 2, the surface smoothness as compared to Example 35 smoothness of 380 seconds and a surface was high synthetic paper, Although the fiber diameter of the PP melt-blown non-woven fabric is large, the apparent density is high, but the number of microfibers in the PP melt-blown non-woven fabric is small, so that the hole has a great difference from Example 35.
- the synthetic paper of this embodiment has a low permeation resistance to fluids such as gas and liquid, and is useful as a base material for separation and adsorption of useful components from such fluids and removal of fine particles and foreign substances. By forming the composite synthetic paper into a synthetic paper molded article by pleated corrugating or the like, various filter media can be obtained.
- nanofiber synthetic paper in which polymer alloy fibers are cut out after sea removal.
- Polymer alloy fibers were obtained in the same manner as in Example 29.
- the obtained 120 dtex, 12 filament high molecular alloy fiber was turned into a 130,000 dtex flute, treated with 10% sodium hydroxide at 98 ° C for 1 hour to remove the polyester component of the sea component, and then washed with water. And dried.
- the nanofiber cassette obtained was cut into 2 mm with a guillotine cutter to obtain nanofiber short fibers. Further, the obtained short fibers were prepared as a prepared solution in the same manner as in Example 30, and then papermaking was performed to obtain a nanofiber synthetic paper in which the nanofibers and the screen gauze were integrated.
- the pore area of this synthetic paper was as small as 0.005: m 2 and the density was 0.24 g / cm 3. As a result of measuring the air permeability, it was as small as 0.33 cc / cm 2 Zsec as in Example 30. Finally, a nanofiber synthetic paper with high gas shielding power was obtained.
- the synthetic paper of this example had no pinholes of 50 m or more, and had a surface smoothness of 900 seconds.
- the molecular weight was determined as follows: THF (tetrahydrofuran) was mixed with a sample form solution of the sample, and this was used as a measurement solution, which was subjected to gel permeation chromatography (GPC) Waters2690 manufactured by Waters Co., Ltd.
- the weight average molecular weight was determined in terms of polystyrene by measuring at ° C.
- the melt viscosity of N6 used in Example 30 at 240 ° C. and 2432 sec- 1 was 57 Pa's.
- the melt viscosity of lactic acid at 215 ° C and 1216 sec- 1 was 86 Pa ⁇ s.
- poly-L-lactic acid showed a sea-island structure with a sea (thin part) and N6 showed a sea-island structure with islands (dark part).
- a polymer alloy fiber having a diameter of 55 nm and N6 having a nano-size and uniform dispersion was obtained.
- the obtained "polymer alloy fiber” having 67 dtex and 36 filaments was bundled into 2220 dtex, and then cut into 2 mm with a guillotine cutter.
- the cut “polymer alloy fiber” is treated at 98 ° C for 1 hour with 1% sodium hydroxide to remove the polyester component of the sea component, and then filtered through a filter.
- the mixture was dehydrated with a centrifuge until a short fiber was obtained.
- the concentration of sodium hydroxide can be extremely reduced from 10% to 1%. Became. Thereafter, beating and papermaking were performed in the same manner as in Example 29 to obtain a synthetic paper containing 100% nanofibers.
- Example 29 As a result of SEM observation of the surface of the obtained synthetic paper, as in Example 29, a synthetic paper in which nanofibers having a uniform diameter were dispersed one by one was obtained.
- the average diameter of single fibers of the nanofibers ⁇ ⁇ is 56 nm
- the sum of the single fiber proportions Pa is 100%
- the concentration index Pb of single fiber diameters is 62%
- the fiber diameters are very uniform.
- a nanofiber synthetic paper having a very small synthetic paper weight of 8.4 g Zm 2 and a small thickness of 34 m was obtained.
- papermaking was successfully performed without a binder.
- the obtained nanofiber synthetic paper, basis weight also is 8. 4GZm very force strength thickness was thin and 2 2.
- the moisture absorption ( ⁇ MR) of the obtained nanofiber synthetic paper was measured to be 6.1%, which was superior to that of 2.8% of the conventional synthetic paper which also had a very fine fiber strength of Comparative Example 18. It showed the moisture absorption characteristics.
- the obtained fiber was cut into 2 mm (Comparative Example 9), 3 mm (Comparative Example 10), and 5 mm (Comparative Example 11) to obtain ultrafine short fibers.
- 2 g of each staple fiber (having a basis weight of 30 g Zm 2 when made into synthetic paper) was collected, put into a disintegrator with 1 liter of water, and dispersed for 5 minutes.
- the dispersion in the disintegrator is placed in a container of a laboratory paper machine (square sheet machine), and water is added to make up a 20-liter prepared solution.
- An agent (Shalol AN-103P: molecular weight 10,000) was added in an amount of 0.2 wt% based on the prepared solution.
- a PET ultrafine fiber having a single fiber diameter of 2 was obtained.
- the sea component was removed from the sea in the same manner as in Comparative Example 9, and then cut into 3 mm to obtain ultrafine short fibers.
- the short fibers each 2 g (basis weight when the synthetic paper basis weight 30GZm 2 equivalent) were collected, placed in a disintegrator together with 1 liter of water, and dispersed for 5 minutes.
- the dispersion in the disintegrator is placed in a container of a laboratory paper machine (square sheet machine), and water is added to make a 20-liter prepared solution.
- a dispersant (Shalol AN-103P: molecular weight 10000) was added so as to be 0.2 wt% with respect to the prepared solution.
- the prepared solution was placed on a mesh # 100 wire mesh for papermaking (Comparative Example 12), and on a filter paper # 2 manufactured by Advantech Co., Ltd. with 5 ⁇ m specification (Comparative Example 13), a screen gauze (fiber diameter 45 ⁇ m, pore diameter 80 ⁇ m square: paper was made on various filters such as Comparative Example 14), but it could not be peeled off from each filter, and the ultrafine fibers fell apart, and it was too strong to be taken out as synthetic paper.
- Ultrafine fibers unlike nanofibers, have low cohesion between fibers, and it was difficult to make paper using only ultrafine fibers when no binder was used.
- the ultrafine fibers made on the screen gauze are not entangled with the lattice fibers of the screen gauze, so that unlike Example 31, synthetic paper integrated with the screen gauze can be obtained. Did not.
- a 2.0-m PET ultrafine fiber was obtained.
- the sea component of the obtained fiber was removed from the sea in the same manner as in Comparative Example 9, and then cut into 3 mm to obtain short fibers of ultrafine PET fibers.
- Each of the obtained short fibers was 4 g (a basis weight of a synthetic paper equivalent to 60 g Zm 2 : Comparative Example 15), 6 g (a basis weight of a synthetic paper equivalent to 90 g Zm 2 : Comparative Example 16), and 8 g (a synthetic paper and The basis weight at the time of this was 120 gZm 2 equivalent: Comparative Example 17) was collected, put into a disintegrator together with 1 liter of water, and dispersed for 5 minutes.
- the dispersion in the disintegrator was placed in a container of a laboratory paper machine (square sheet machine), and water was added to prepare a 20-liter prepared solution.
- a system dispersant (Shalol AN-103P: molecular weight 10000) was added to the prepared solution so that the weight of the solution became 0.2 wt%.
- the dispersion was placed on a mesh # 100 wire mesh net for papermaking, and was made on Advantech Co., Ltd. 5 ⁇ m specification filter paper # 2.However, in each of the comparative examples, the ultrafine fibers fell apart and could not be separated from the filter paper. I could't take it out as synthetic paper. In this way, ultrafine fibers are different from nanofibers in that the cohesive force between fibers is small even when the basis weight is large. In the case of using no dirt or the like, it was difficult to make paper using only ultrafine fibers.
- Example 30 Melt spinning was performed in the same manner as in Example 30, and the undrawn yarn was wound at a spinning speed of lOOmZ.However, since it was a simple chip blend and the melting point difference between polymers was large, N6 and PET were used. Poor spinnability due to large bals just under the mouthpiece with large lend spots Stable force to wind the yarn stably A small amount of undrawn yarn is obtained and the first hot roller The stretching was performed in the same manner as in Example 30 except that the temperature of the fiber was 85 ° C. and the stretching ratio was 3 times, to obtain a drawn yarn of 100 dtex and 36 filaments.
- the sea component of the obtained fiber was alkali-sealed, and then cut into 2 mm in the same manner as the nanofiber of Example 29, to obtain a short fiber of N6 ultrafine fiber.
- 2 g of the obtained staple fiber (having a basis weight of 30 g Zm 2 when made into synthetic paper) was collected, put into a disintegrator with 1 liter of water, and dispersed for 5 minutes.
- the dispersion in the disintegrator was placed in a container of a laboratory paper machine (square sheet machine), and water was added to make up a 20-liter prepared solution.
- a dispersant (Shalol AN-103P: molecular weight 10,000) was added so as to be 0.2% of the prepared solution.
- the obtained synthetic paper was sampled from a well-formed portion and observed by SEM. As a result, the single fiber number average diameter ⁇ m was 883 nm, and the single fiber diameter distribution (see Table 9) was obtained. The sum Pa of the fiber ratio is 0%, the concentration index Pb of the single fiber diameter is 8%, and the fiber diameter is Rack was also big. The total weight of synthetic paper is 28. The thickness was 122 m, the density was 0.23 g / cm 3 , and the pore area was 1.5 m 2 . The hygroscopicity of the synthetic paper was measured to be 2.8%, which was lower than that of the nanofiber of Example 29. On the other hand, the strength, elongation, and air permeability could not be measured because the strength of the synthetic paper was weak.
- Example 29 This was melt-spun in the same manner as in Example 29 at a melting temperature of 260 ° C, a spinning temperature of 260 ° C (die surface temperature of 245 ° C), a single-hole discharge amount of 1. OgZ, and a spinning speed of 1200 mZ.
- the obtained undrawn yarn was subjected to a drawing heat treatment in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the drawing temperature was 100 ° C, the drawing ratio was 2.49, and the heat setting temperature was 115 ° C.
- a 25cm square screen gauze (made of PET, fiber diameter 70 ⁇ m, pore diameter 80 ⁇ m) previously placed on a papermaking wire mesh net
- the prepared solution was paper-made, dried with a roller, and dried with a drum dryer to obtain a PBT nanofiber synthetic paper based on screen gauze.
- the basis weight of Nanofa Iba only 8. 4gZm 2, thickness 30 m, a density of 0. 28 g / cm 3 .
- the pore area of this synthetic paper was 0.0040 m 2 .
- the synthetic paper of this example had no pinholes of 50 ⁇ m or more, and had a surface smoothness of 970 seconds, which was a highly synthetic surface.
- the synthetic paper of this example has such a fine pore area and the good dispersibility and uniformity of the nanofibers, so that the airflow through a large pinhole is 0.40 cc / cm 2 / s. Synthetic paper with high gas-eccentric shielding power was obtained.
- the melting temperature was 220 ° C
- the spinning temperature was 220 ° C (the die surface temperature was 205 ° C)
- the single hole discharge amount was 2. Og.
- Example 29 Melt spinning was performed in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the spinning speed was Z and the spinning speed was 1200 mZ.
- the obtained undrawn yarn was subjected to a drawing heat treatment in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the drawing temperature was 90 ° C, the drawing ratio was 2.0, and the heat setting temperature was 130 ° C.
- the obtained drawn yarn is 101 dtex, 12 filaments, and has a strength of 2
- the obtained polymer alloy fiber was immersed in a 3% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 98 ° C for 2 hours to hydrolyze 99% or more of the poly-L-lactic acid component in the polymer alloy fiber. After removal, neutralization with acetic acid, washing with water, drying, and cutting with a guillotine cutter to a length of 2 mm, short PP nanofibers were obtained. Secondary beaten fibers were obtained from the cut fibers in the same manner as in Example 29. After this secondary beating, the fiber concentration of the PP nanofiber was 6%, and the freeness was 104.
- PP nanofiber synthetic paper using screen gauze as a base material was obtained.
- synthetic paper in which PP nanofibers were dispersed one by one was obtained.
- the obtained synthetic paper was very thin, but had no pinholes and was a uniform synthetic paper.
- the number average diameter of the single fibers of the PP nanofiber was ⁇ ⁇ was 154 nm, the sum Pa of the single fiber ratio was 100%, and the concentration index Pb of the single fiber diameter was 69%.
- this synthetic paper had a total basis weight of 45.7 gZm 2 , a thickness of 102 / ⁇ , a density of 0.45 g / cm 3 , a strength of 91.2 N / cm, and an elongation of 33%.
- screen gauze part (with a basis weight of 37. When the thickness of 70 ⁇ m and the density of 0.53 g / cm 3 ) are removed, the basis weight of nanofiber only is 8. The thickness was 32 m and the density was 0.26 g / cm 3 .
- the pore area of this synthetic paper was 0.0062 m 2 .
- the synthetic paper of the present example has such a fine pore area, and furthermore, the dispersibility and uniformity of the nanofibers are good, so that a large pinhole has an air permeability of 0.73 cc / cm 2 Zsec. Synthetic paper with small gas and high shielding power was obtained.
- the composite synthetic paper of this example had no pinholes of 50 m or more, had a surface smoothness of 770 seconds, and had high surface smoothness, and was a synthetic paper.
- Example of nanofiber synthetic paper (13) s (300 o C, 80wt% of PET of 1216Sec-, melt viscosity 160Pa 's (300 ° C, the 1216Sec- Porifue - sulfide (PPS) as a 20 wt%, with a biaxial extrusion kneader under the following conditions Melting and kneading were performed to obtain a polymer alloy chip, in which the PPS used was a linear type in which the molecular chain ends were replaced with calcium ions. The weight loss rate after holding for 1 minute was 1%.
- Kneading section length is 34% of screw effective length
- the kneading section was dispersed throughout the screw.
- Polymer supply PPS and PET were separately weighed and separately supplied to a kneader.
- the polymer alloy chip obtained here was guided to a spinning machine in the same manner as in Example 29, and spinning was performed.
- the spinning temperature was 315 ° C
- the polymer alloy melt was filtered with a metal nonwoven fabric having a critical filtration diameter of 15 m, and then the spinning force was adjusted to a spinning surface temperature of 292 ° C.
- the discharge amount per single hole at this time was set to 1. lgZ.
- the distance from the base to the cooling start point was 7.5 cm.
- the discharged yarn is cooled and solidified by cooling air at 20 ° C over lm, and after a process oil mainly composed of fatty acid ester is supplied, it is passed through unheated first and second take-up rollers. In minutes. The spinnability at this time was good, and the breakage during continuous spinning for 24 hours was almost zero. This was subjected to a stretching heat treatment at a temperature of the first hot roller of 100 ° C and a temperature of the second hot roller of 130 ° C. At this time, the stretching ratio between the first hot roller and the second hot roller was set to 3.3 times.
- the cross section of the obtained polymer alloy fiber was observed by TEM.
- the PSP was uniformly dispersed as islands with a diameter of less than 100 nm.
- the average diameter of the island was 65 nm, and the A finely dispersed polymer alloy fiber was obtained.
- the obtained polymer alloy fiber was subjected to scallop to obtain a scab-like tow having a fineness of 100,000 dtex.
- the outer periphery of the tow was tied with cotton thread and fixed every 30 cm to prevent the tow from falling apart during the sea removal process.
- the hull tension was adjusted so that the fiber density of this tow became 0.05 g / cm 3, and the tow was set in the sea removal device shown in FIG.
- This tow is then alkali-hydrolyzed in a 10 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 98 ° C with 5% owf of “Mercerin PES” manufactured by Meisei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- PET which is a sea polymer
- PET which is a sea polymer
- TEM observation of the cross section of the PPS nanofiber tow obtained here showed that the area ratio of nanofibers to all fibers was 100%, the average diameter of single fibers ⁇ m was 60 nm, and the sum of single fiber ratios Pa was 100%.
- the pore area of this synthetic paper was 0.0044 m 2 .
- the synthetic paper of this example has such a fine pore area, and furthermore, the dispersibility and uniformity of the nanofibers are good.
- the surface smoothness was 1710 seconds and the surface smoothness was high!
- the PPS nanofiber paper was further hot-pressed at 180 ° C to obtain a denser PPS paper. It was suitable for circuit boards, etc. with almost no dimensional change due to moisture absorption o
- Example 29 The dispersion obtained in Example 29 was further diluted 10-fold to obtain a dispersion having a fiber concentration of 0.0055 wt%. This is sprayed 100 times onto a melt-blown non-woven fabric (Tremicron, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) with a spray nozzle force of about 3 ⁇ m and dried with a drum dryer. N6 nanofiber synthetic paper was formed into a composite synthetic paper.
- the average diameter of the single fibers of the N6 nanofiber was ⁇ ⁇ was 57 nm, the sum of the single fiber ratios was 100%, and the concentration of the single fiber diameter was 100%.
- the degree index Pb was 64%.
- N6 nanofibers are uniformly dispersed on a PP meltblown nonwoven cloth.Pinholes larger than 50 m that pass through large holes and pinholes are 0, and surface smoothness is 650 seconds.
- Example 42 Spraying was performed in the same manner as in Example 42 except that the PP meltblown non-woven fabric was changed to a foam (Toray Co., Ltd., Toray Industries, Inc.) to form a 30 ⁇ m thick ⁇ 6 nanofiber synthetic paper on the foam. And composite synthetic paper.
- This composite synthetic paper had N6 nanofibers uniformly coated on the foam, and was suitable as an abrasive.
- Example 30 a nanofiber composite paper using a screen gauze as a base material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 30, except that the secondary beaten fiber was changed to 0.55 g.
- the single fiber number average diameter ⁇ of the nanofibers in the synthetic paper was 58 nm, the sum Pa of the single fiber ratio was 100%, and the single fiber diameter was 100%.
- the concentration index Pb was 66%.
- the total weight of this synthetic paper is 38.
- the thickness was 71 ⁇ m and the density was 0.54 g / cm 3 .
- screen gauze part (basis weight 37. Thickness 70 / ⁇ ⁇ , if the density is considered to remove 0. 53g / cm 3), Nanofuai bars basis weight of only 0. 8gZm 2, the thickness 3. 2 / ⁇ ⁇ , density 0. 25 g / cm Was 3 .
- the composite synthetic paper of this example had no pinholes of 50 ⁇ m or more, and had a surface smoothness of 390 seconds, which was high in the surface smoothness.
- Nanofiber A 0.2 1.6 million 3.5 10000 Nanofiber B 0.06 18 million 10.5 33000 [0295] [Table 2]
- N6 nano F 2 362 64 10 Gel 60 60 66----Example 2 N6 nano F 2-157 0.10 Formulation solution (water) 63 100 61 1 1.8--Example 3 N6 nano F 2 157 0.01 Formulation solution (water) 63 100 61 12 53 1-Example 4 N6 nano F 2 362 64 1.0 Formulation solution (water) 60 100 66-0--Example 5 N6 Nano F 2 362 64 0.10 Formulation solution (water) 60 100 66-1.2--Example 6 N6 Nano F 2 362 64 0.01 Formulation solution (water) 60 100 66 10 51 1- Example 7 N6 Nano F 2 362 64 1.0 Blended solution (water) 60 100 66-0 Anion 0.10 Example 8 N6 Nano F 2 362 64 0.10 Blended solution (water) 60 100 66 360 2.4 Anion 0.10 Example 9 N6 Nano F 2 362 64 0.01 Formulation solution (water)
- Nano F nano fiber
- Nano F 100% 102 100 69 ⁇ 8.4 30 0.28 0.0040 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Overall synthetic paper None ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 45.7 102 0.45 ⁇ 0.73 770 91.2 33 ⁇
- Example 40 Screen gauze Screen gauze ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 37.4 70 0.53 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- Nano F 100% 154 100 69 ⁇ 8.3 32 0.26 0.0062 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Overall synthetic paper None ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 45.6 101 0.45 ⁇ 0.29 1710 91.4 32 ⁇
- Example 41 Screen gauze Screen gauze ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 37.4 70 0.53 ⁇ One ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- Nano F 100% 60 100 63 ⁇ 8.2 31 0.26 0.0044 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Whole synthetic paper None ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ o ⁇ ⁇ 11 1 650 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 42 Non-woven fabric Non-woven fabric ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇
- Nano F 100% 57 100 64 ⁇ ⁇ 30 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Whole synthetic paper None 1 1 1 ⁇ 38.2 71 0.54 ⁇ 28 390 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Example 44 Screen gauze Screen gauze ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 37.4 70 0.53 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- Nano F 100% 58 100 66 ⁇ 0.8 3.2 0.25 0.0043 ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ Comparative Example 2 // mPET
- Nano F nano fiber
- the compounded solution, emulsion, and gel of the present invention are used for cosmetic products such as cosmetics, packs, and foundations, ointments and poultice solutions, cell culture substrates, medical products such as protein adsorbents, and various batteries. Electrolyte materials for catalyst carriers, catalyst carrier materials for chemical filters, harmful gas adsorbents, products for building materials such as paints, adhesives, wall coating materials, activated carbon for filters, and titanium oxide It can be used as a particle carrier, a paint for painting, and the like. Further, the compounding solution, emulsion, and gel can be used as raw materials for producing various fiber structures by papermaking, spraying, coating, dipping, and the like.
- the synthetic paper of the present invention can be used for battery separators and abrasives, industrial filters such as air filters and liquid filters, medical products such as blood filters, and circuit boards such as insulating paper. .
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Abstract
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KR1020117018986A KR101161668B1 (ko) | 2004-02-19 | 2005-02-16 | 나노섬유 배합용액, 유액 및 겔상물 및 그 제조방법 및 나노섬유 합성지 및 그 제조방법 |
EP05719162.9A EP1743975B1 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2005-02-16 | Nano-fiber compounded solution, emulsion and gelling material and method for production thereof, and nano-fiber synthetic paper and method for production thereof |
CN2005800055605A CN1922363B (zh) | 2004-02-19 | 2005-02-16 | 纳米纤维配合溶液、乳液和凝胶状物及其制造方法,以及纳米纤维合成纸及其制造方法 |
CA002556071A CA2556071A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2005-02-16 | Nanofiber compound solutions, emulsions and gels, production method thereof, nanofiber synthetic papers, and procution method thereof |
KR1020067015879A KR101128351B1 (ko) | 2004-02-19 | 2005-02-16 | 나노섬유 배합용액, 유액 및 겔상물 및 그 제조방법 및나노섬유 합성지 및 그 제조방법 |
US10/589,411 US8501642B2 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2005-02-16 | Nano-fiber compound solutions, emulsions and gels, production method thereof, Nano-fiber synthetic papers, and production method thereof |
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JPWO2014192746A1 (ja) * | 2013-05-30 | 2017-02-23 | 帝人株式会社 | 有機樹脂無捲縮ステープルファイバー及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW200534869A (en) | 2005-11-01 |
EP1743975A1 (en) | 2007-01-17 |
US8501642B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
TWI358484B (en) | 2012-02-21 |
CN102154913A (zh) | 2011-08-17 |
CN102154913B (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
CA2556071A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
KR20110096602A (ko) | 2011-08-30 |
EP1743975A4 (en) | 2011-06-29 |
US20070196401A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
KR101128351B1 (ko) | 2012-03-26 |
CN1922363A (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
CN1922363B (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
KR20060123523A (ko) | 2006-12-01 |
KR101161668B1 (ko) | 2012-07-02 |
EP1743975B1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
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