TWI326717B - Metal duplex and method - Google Patents

Metal duplex and method Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI326717B
TWI326717B TW095132673A TW95132673A TWI326717B TW I326717 B TWI326717 B TW I326717B TW 095132673 A TW095132673 A TW 095132673A TW 95132673 A TW95132673 A TW 95132673A TW I326717 B TWI326717 B TW I326717B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
nickel
tin
layer
acid
phosphorus
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TW095132673A
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English (en)
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TW200714732A (en
Inventor
Danny Lau
Raymund W M Kwok
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Rohm & Haas Elect Mat
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Publication of TW200714732A publication Critical patent/TW200714732A/zh
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Publication of TWI326717B publication Critical patent/TWI326717B/zh

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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • C25D5/14Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
    • C25D5/505After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment of electroplated tin coatings, e.g. by melting
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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/623Porosity of the layers
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    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633Process of electroless plating
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  • Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)

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九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 =本發明係針對具有錫或錫合金層之金屬雙層以及製造 t具有錫或錫合金層之金屬雙層之方法。更特定言之,本 心月係針對具有錫或錫合金層之金屬雙層以及製造該具有 锡或錫口金層之金屬雙層之方法,以用於抑制錫及錫合金 腐餘並改善锡及錫合金之可焊性。 【先前技術】 籲 肖止錫及錫合金的腐録許多卫業中係__項艱矩的難 題。在電子材料工業中,錫及錫合金的腐蝕尤其造成問題, 其中腐姓可能在電子裝置中導致組件之間有缺陷的電接 觸例如,經電鍍的錫及錫合金塗層已使用於電子產品與 其他的應用中(例如金屬絲製品及鋼板條)多年。在電子產 經電鍍的錫及錫合金塗層已S作為接頭與連接器的 可焊性及抗腐蝕表面。其亦用於積體電路(IC)製造之引線 籲加工(lead finish)。 具有1C單元、引線框架及被動組件(例如電容器與電 ::體)之1C裝置係廣泛使用於包括消費性電子產品、家用 产具、電腦、汽車、電信、機器人及軍事裝備之產品。IC 單元包含1C晶片與混合電路鐘瘤(n〇dule),其在塑膠或陶 -光基片上包含-種或多種IC晶片及其他電子組件。 引線框架或連接器意指將IC單元電性互連接至外部 電路。該引線框架係由導電材料(例如鋼或銅合金)構成, 或藉沖屢(stamping)或㈣金屬板料成為複數引線,該引線 93629 5 uzo/i / 界定設置IC單元的中心區。 種教;線框木通常具有錫或錫合金之表面加工。藉由數 2 j術可將引線框架連接Ic單心㈣中。此等技術 二血屬線接合(wirebonding)、嬋接黏晶(ma⑻與 =1:型地,焊接意指將1c接合至裝配。在所有情況中, 框1表面具特定的品質。典型地,此意指該 或鋁今卞埴:不3乳化物並準備用於與其他組件(例如金 次鋁4、填銀環氧樹脂或焊料 一個問㈣射谭性,可焊性^\表面加工至 與其他組件產生良好焊點而沒有會損害電子或; 陷之能力一般而言,焊接為一種黏接程序, 2他穿r=料:⑴基材;(2)欲賴至基材的組件或 ,、他裝置,(3)烊接材料本身。 表面衫良好可烊性的因素,其中最重要的三項為 化成(腐韻)之程度、共沉積的碳之量及金屬間 和目瓦發生的過私,因為其係熱力學上有 氧化物之形成速率依溫度及時 ^ 錫人金㈣Γ 表面氧化物越厚。在經電㈣錫咬 層或沉積物中,表面氧化物形成亦依該塗層 時,在所有條件都相同時]如錫塗層 或較薄之表面氧化物。層-般而言形成較少 共沉積的碳係由所選擇使用之_化學性質而決定。 93629 6 =加工㈣面加工包含較高碳含量。糖面加工 先 =了粗=因此提供增加的表面區域,而導致較典型地 先澤加工所產生者更多表面氧化物的形成。 金屬間化合物的形成係錫或锡合金塗層與基材之間的 ,予反應。形成的速率同樣也依溫度與時間而定。溫度越 向及時間越長則導致金屬間化合物層越厚。 為了確疋可焊性’下列所述者很重要:U沉積足夠的 錫或錫合金層,以便使表面氧化物或金屬間化合物的形成 不會消耗全部的錫或錫合金層,丨2)以或減讀錫表面 長期時間暴露至高溫。 相對而言,容易達成υ,但卻難以達成2)。溫度及在 錢覆錫或錫合金沉積物之後接續的後處理時間典型地受裝 配的說明書及現有的操作設計及實施所指定。例如,在“雙 調(two tone)引線框架技術中,在錫或錫合金鍍覆之後, 整個1C單兀歷經許多製程步驟(亦即,用於該等處理之一 #段長期時間)’該步驟需要在如175ΐ高的溫度之多次熱偏 移(thermal excursion)。不可避免地形成更多及更厚的表面 氧化物,因此進而降低錫或錫合金沉積物之可焊性。於現 行的製私中’因為最終組成物及裝配可能不完整,所以這 些額外的步驟不會被省略。因此,需設法找到防止或減少 表面氧化物形成於上述零件上之方法。 處理該表面氧化物問題之一方法係在錫或錫合金沉積 物表面上導入保角塗層(c〇nf〇rmal c〇ating)。此技術可概括 為兩種一般類型:一種係應用於貴金屬塗層;而另一種係 7 93629 Γ326717 /應用於有機塗層。第-類型用於錫或錫合金沉積物之保護 ·.係不適宜的,因該類型引入昂貴的額外步驟。第二類型亦 為不適且的,因该第二類型由於所沉積的有機塗層之非選 擇性性質而可能引入雜質到引線框架或電子組件之其他關 鍵區域上。該雜質係不利於隨後引線框架及仄裝配製程。 存在於引線表面_生成物⑽如絲化物)從金屬線 接合及可銲性之觀點而言亦有關係。錄氧化物妨礙金屬線 接合及焊接,且該鎳氧化物报難以習知之酸清潔劑移除。 此外在許ϋ巾包括經塗佈之引線框架之熱暴露 (themal exp。賺)。假使下層的金屬擴散至貴金屬表面層 ⑴如鎳擴放至金表面層),在熱老化的條件下該等層之間 金屬的擴散可能造成表面品質的減低。 —Zhang 等人之 u s 2〇〇4/〇〇9934〇 試 圖藉由併入微量構於沉積物中以解決在金屬及金屬合金沉 積物上之表面氧化物問題。例如,在錄沉積物中鱗含量係 •在2〇〇PPm或更少之等級,對於錫及錫合金而言係在50ppm 或更少之等級。Zhang等人宣稱併入微量磷至沉積物中係 降低表面氧化物形成於沉積物上。該碌化合物係包括於金 1及金屬σ金電鍍浴中,並與該金屬或金屬合金共同沉積。 【發明内容】 雖…、:有些企圖解決金屬沉積物上之表面氧化物問題 仁仍而要用於抑制表面氧化物形成於金屬加工上 及增進可焊性的改良方法。 等方法包括沉積鎳層至基材上,沉積鎳磷層至該鎳 8 93629 Γ326717 一 多的貴金屬。 · 視需要地’在金屬化之前可清潔該基材。可使用金屬 .化技蟄中可接受之任何適當的清潔法。典型地,該基材係 於清潔溶液中經超音波清潔。該等清潔溶液可包括矽酸鹽 化合物、鹼金屬碳酸鹽類及其他化合物例如鹼金屬氫氧化 物類、乙二醇醚類及一種或多種鉗合劑。清潔可於3〇它至 80°C之溫度進行。 視需要地,在清潔步驟之後,可以適當的酸,例如礦 •酸,活化基材。係使用經稀釋濃度之礦酸。該礦酸之實例 為硫酸。然而,亦可使用其他礦酸,例如鹽酸及硝酸。該 等酸類係以此項技藝中所習知之濃度使用。活化典型係在 室溫至30°C之溫度進行。 該基材然後以鎳金屬之沉積物鍍覆。浴溫係於3〇t:至 7〇°C或例如4(TC至60t:之範圍。 可使用任何適當的鎳鍍浴以沉積鎳層至基材上。該鎳 •鍍浴包括一種或多種鎳離子的來源。鎳離子的來源包括, 但不限定於:鎳函化物例如氯化鎳、硫酸鎳及胺基磺酸鎳。 該錄離子的來源在鎳鍍浴中係包括50 gm/L至500 gm/L之 直’或例如從100 gm/L至250 gm/L之量。 除了一種或多種錄離子的來源外,該鎳鍍浴可包括一 種或多種添加劑。該添加劑包括,但不限定於··亮光劑、 f粒細化劑、平整劑(lever)、界面活性劑、抗孔蝕劑、钳 合劑、緩衝劑、除生物劑及其他熟悉此項技藝之人士所習 知之添加劑’以調整該鍍浴至所需的亮面或毛面加工及均 93629 10 1326717 鍛能力(throwing power)。 冗光劑包括,但不限定於:芳族磺酸鹽類、磺醯胺類、 磺醯亞胺類、脂族及芳族·脂族稀煙化或乙快化不餘和㈣ 酸鹽類、俩胺類及石黃醯亞胺類。該亮光劑之實例為鄰硫 笨甲醯亞胺鈉、1,5_萘二磺酸二鈉、u,6•萘三磺酸三鈉、 苯單石黃酸納、二苯石黃醯胺、烯丙基續酸納、3_氣_2_丁婦小 確酸鈉苯乙料酸鈉、块丙基績酸鈉、單烯丙基續酿 一胺、一稀丙基績醯二胺及稀丙基續賴。該等亮光
以習知用量例如〇.5g/L^ 1〇g/L,或例如2抑至 使用。 备I 其他亮光劑包括,但不限定於:環氧化物與α_經基择 屬醇類的反應產物,例如二乙氧基化2_丁块_M_n 丙氧基化2-丁炔-1,4-二醇;N-雜環;其他块屬化合物;活 化硫化合物及染料。該等亮光劑之實例為M_ 乙氧基)-2_丁炔、Μ-二以·經基氣丙氧基)-2_丁;t 认二_(石·,r-環氧丙氧基)_2_丁块、认二心-經基^ 丁稀氧基)士丁块、 丁炔、N-(2,3-二氯_2·丙烯基X啶鑌氧化物、2 4 6-三甲義 Ν-炔丙基吼飾臭化物、Ν_烯丙基〉 ’化:: 丁块-丨,二醇 '块丙基醇、”基—3…醇、、二= 基I丙續酸甜菜驗、二τ基硫酸2_f啥琳、^稀丙基吨 。定鐵漠化物、異-2-f啥琳基_N•丙石黃酸甜菜驗、二尹基妒 酉夂異—-2-甲啥琳、N_稀丙基異_2_甲喧淋漠化物、二磺酸化 ’4-一-(卢,基乙氧基)一2_ 丁块、卜(石,基乙氧基)_2_丙 93629 11 Γ320717 % 炔沒-趙基丙氧基)·2-丙炔、磺酸化_羥基乙氧 .基)2-丙炔、苯基番紅(phenosafranin)及品紅(fuchsin)。該 •等亮光劑係以習知用量例如5mg/I^ i〇〇〇mg/L,或例如 從20 mg/L至500 mg/L包含於該鎳嫂浴中。 任何適當的界面活性劑皆可❹。此界面活性劑包 括但不限疋於.離子界面活性劑例如陽離子與陰離子界 面活性劑、非離子界面活性劑及兩性界面活性劑。該等界 •面活性劑可以習知用量例如,舉例而言,0.05 gm/L至30 攀gm/L,或例如從! gm/L至2〇㈣几或例如從$㈣几至μ gm/L使用。 適當的界面活性劑之實例為,經1至8個石黃酸基(_S〇3H) 續酸化之萘。該等界面活性劑之實例為萘-參石黃酸及 蔡-1,3,7-參石黃酸。也能使用驗金屬鹽類例如納鹽及卸鹽。 其他適當的界面活性劑實例為硫酸氯烧基醋之鹽類, 例如硫酸月桂㈣導硫酸月桂㈣及姐基琥賴二烧 #基賴。其他可使用的界面活性劑實例為四級録鹽類,包 括全氟化四級胺,例如全裔_μ _ p甘— 王氟十一烷基三甲基銨氟化物。 適當的钳合劑包括,作不萨中 仫不限疋於.胺基羧酸、聚羧酸 及聚職。該等钳合劑可以習知用量例如,舉例而言,讀 moIes/L(莫耳/公升)至3 m〇les/L,或例如從〇」则〗以几至 0.5 moles/L 使用。 鎳鐘浴之pH可介於1至 王1 υ <靶圍’或例如從3至8。 該鎳鐘浴的pH可藉多種手趿給姓 于^又、,隹持。可使用任何所需的酸 或臉,及可使用任何無機酸、右媸舻 文有機駄、無機鹼、或有機鹼。 93629 12 Γ326717 除了敲類(例如硫酸、鹽酸或磺胺酸)之外,亦可利用作為 .鉗合劑之酸類(例如醋酸、胺基醋酸或抗壞血酸p除了無 .幾知類(例如氫氧化鈉或氫氧化卸)及有機驗類(例如胺類 的各種類型),亦可使用例如碳酸鎳之鹼類。此外,若pH =為操作條件而趨向變動,則可使用1511緩衝成分(例如硼 酉文)。可添加所需用量之緩衝劑以維持所欲的pH。 可加入其他慣用的且為熟悉此項技藝之人士所習知的 添加劑至鎳金屬鍍浴中。可使用習知的用量以調整鎳層至 •所欲的粗糙、半光亮或光澤加工。 鎳係沉積於基材上,直至鎳層在基材上形成丨微米至 10微米,或例如2微米至5微米為止。然後該鎳層係使用 鎳磷鍍浴以鎳磷層鍍覆。 鎳磷鍍浴包括一種或多種如上述鎳離子的來源,且可 包括一種或多種如上述的添加劑。此外,該鎳磷鍍浴包括 一種或多種磷的來源。可使用任何適當的亞磷酸或磷酸或 豢其鹽及混合物。包含於鍍浴中的亞磷酸及磷酸及其鹽類之 量係 5 gm/L 至 100 gm/L,或例如從 1〇 gm/L 至 8〇 gm/L, 或例如從20 gm/L至50 gm/L。亞磷酸具通式:H3;p〇3,且 亦已知為原亞磷酸。磷酸包括,但不限定於,無機磷酸類 例如磷酸(HJO4),已知為原磷酸。亦可使用多磷酸。無機 鱗酸類可由式:Hn+2Pn〇3n+1表示,其中η為1或更大的整 數。當η為2或更大的整數時,該式係表示多磷酸。當無 機雄酸為多填酸時’ η典型地為整數,則上述的多填酸具 有110至1,500原子量單位的平均分子量。典型地,係使 93629 13 1326717 用亞鱗駿。 ...· 可使用磷酸之鹽類,例如鹼金屬磷酸鹽類及磷酸銨。 .驗金屬磷酸鹽類包括磷酸氫二鈉、磷酸三鈉、填酸氯二卸 及鱗酸三舒。也可使用多碟酸之鹽類。亦可使用無機磷酸 類及其鹽類之混合物。此等酸類可自市面購得或可依照文 獻所述方法製造。 錄填層沉積於鎳層上係在如同鎳層沉積於基材上之相 同鍍浴溫度。連續沉積直至〇」微米至5微米或例如〇 2 Μ米至1微米的錄鱗層沉積於該錄層以形成雙層。 典型地,在此雙層中,鎳比鎳磷的重量比係從2:ι至 8:1。該鎳及鎳磷層可藉此技術領域中習知的任何適當的電 解沉積法予以沉積。習知的鍍覆設備可用於沉積鎳:鎳磷 層。電流密度可介於1 ASD至2G ASD,或例如從5娜 至15 ASD之範圍。 典型地’鎳及鎳磷雙層為2微米至3微来厚。於錄及 錄磷層沉積至基材上之後’錫及錫合金之表面加工則沉積 至錦麟層上。可使用任何適#的錫或錫合金料。_浴 之錫離子來源包括’但不限定於:硫酸锡、烷基碏酸鎳, 例如績酸錫、院_酸锡及錫_化物,例如氯化錫。% f谷液可包括電㈣,例如硫酸、絲磺酸鹽類、貌醇績 鹵:鹽類’以提供導電基質。亦可包括界面活性 相及”他習知添加劑以提供所欲的錫層。該成分 且及為=藝中所公知,且可自文獻中獲得心 ),i/4,S87 及 U.S· 5,87lim 姐 + β 人 ,31揭路適合的锡電鍍浴。U s. 93629 14 1326717 «· * 4,880,507及u.S· 4,994,155揭露適合的錫-錯鐘覆浴。除了 • :·錫-鉛外’可使用其他錫合金包括,但不限定於:錫-銅、 •錫-銅-銀及錫-銀、錫雀、錫-錄 '錫録、錫_銦及錫_鋅。 沉積該等錫合金之鍍浴配方係為此項技藝中所習知且可自 文獻中獲得。 錫及錫合金可藉由此技藝領域令所習知之任何適合的 方法予以 >儿積。典型地,錫及錫合金係以電解沉積於鎳磷 層。典型地,進行錫或錫合金之沉積直到1〇微米至5〇微 籲米的錫或錫合金層鍍覆於鎳磷層上。 一般而§,該錫或錫合金之浴溫係介於至, 或例如自25。(:至3(TC之範圍。電流密度典型係自i娜 至35ASD’或例如自5ASD至3〇asd,或例如自i〇asd 至20 ASD。然而,可使用任何用於鍍覆錫及錫合金之習知 電流逸、度。許多該等鍍覆條件係揭露於文獻中。 錫或錫合金層沉積於鎳磷層上之後 ’該錫或錫合金層
会,或 。該回 合金至高於其液相溫度之其他方法。該回 流製程係此技藝領域所習知者。
93629 15 1326717 卻至室溫。 之錦^述的方杨叙物*包域覆有制及該錄層上 層之基材。該鎳磷層之磷含量可介於。.1 重重量%心_,或例 锂奸庶 之範圍。錫或錫合金層可沉積於 鎳蛳層之上以形成物品。由 、 鍍覆於I上之錫純入A 構成之該雙層抑制 /復…、上之錫及錫合金之氧化作用。此外抑 形成於錫或錫合金層改善該物品的可谭性 饰的物品之連接器相較於具表面== 錫a金塗佈的物品更穩固且較少分離的可能。 錫及錫合金於回流後可形成錫氧化物(⑽及s 此現象可在回流製程之後藉由錫表面之褪色而在所沉積之 錫上注意到。暴露經回流的錫於氧越久以及溫度越高,則 腿色作用越顯著。典型地,褪色作用係可於錫表面上觀察 到白色至黃色的色調。於-些更劇烈的氧化作用之料 中’該錫於回流之後可能呈現棕色,甚至為深紫色 氧化作用可能導致電子裝置中不良的電傳導或短路,於該 電子裝置中該錫係鑛覆於例如印刷電路板及引線框架中。 此外,在錫或錫合金表面上存在的氧化作用會損害任何隨 後的焊接製程。不良的焊接可能導致經焊接的零件分離而 造成電子裝置故障。該雙層降低或抑制不欲的氧化作用, 因此相較於具氧化的錫或錫合金之物品而言,係提 的焊接。 、八^ 該等方法可用卩沉積鎳及鎳碟雙層至任何適合的基 93629 16 1326717 " 材。典型地,該等基材為金屬或金屬合金。適合的金屬包 括,但不限定於:銅、鐵、及其合金、不銹鋼、及貴金屬 例如金、銘、把、銀及其合金。典型地,該等基材為銅、 銅合金、鐵及鐵合金。適合的銅合金包括,但不限定於: 銅_錫、銅_銀、銅_金、銅_銀_錫、銅_峨· _金、銅_辞、銅_ 銀-鎮、銅-鐵-辞、銅-錫-錄_梦、銅-錯、銅_鐵-墙_辞及銅_ 鎳矽-鎂。適合的鐵合金包括,但不限定於:鐵-銅及鐵鎳。 適合的基材包括,但不限定於:電子裝置之組件,例如印 鲁刷電路板、連接器、晶圓上的凸塊、引線框架以及被動組 件(例如用於ic單元的電阻器及電容器)。 本發明之下列具體例係用以進一步說明本發明,而並 非意圖限制本發明之範疇。 實施例U比較例) 將九個(9)銅-錫合金引線框架於65°c下在含有100 鲁 g/L 的 RONACLEAN™ CP-100(其係得自 Rohm and Haas Compapy,Philadelphia,PA,U.S.A之含有石夕酸鹽的清潔組 成物)之清潔溶液中經超音波清潔30秒。 於清潔之後,接著於室溫將每一引線框架浸沒至1〇〇 ml/L之工業級硫酸溶液中10秒。然後將每一引線框架以1 微米至2微米範圍的鎳層鍍覆。用於鍍覆每一引線框架之 鎳鍍浴具有揭露於下表1中的配方。 17 93629 1326717 表 _成分 胺基續酸錄 濃度125^7Γ
氯化鎳 — 爛酸_ jlSjb萘化合物 g/L 3 5 g/L
鎳鍍浴之pH為4且浴溫為55t:。然後將每一引線框 架設置於含有電解鎳鍍浴之赫爾電池(Hull cdl)中。作用為 陽極及陰極之引線框架係硫/鎳電極。該_浴於錄沉積期 間係經槳式。該鍍覆設備係與習知整流器相連接 流密度範圍係自5 ASD至1〇 ASD。鸽〆 秒 _ H @ 1U A S D。_ 於 4 秒至 9 〇 U間内切,以提供鎳層於彳丨線框架上。 然後將八個(8)具鎳層的引線框架 的鍍浴配方以鎳磷層鍍覆。 、 :下表2中 表2
鎳k鍍洽於電鍍期間具15之pH及溫度為Μ。。 鎳 93629 18 U26717 儿積係於5 ASD至1〇 ASD之電流密度下以槳式攪拌於 赫爾電池中進行。電鍍係於16秒至94秒之期間内對鑛鎳 的八個(8)引線框架進行,以提供不同厚度的錄碟層。該錄 磷層之厚度範圍自01微米至丨微米。 然後所有九個引線框架於含有錫電鍍浴之赫爾電池中 電鍍’以於每一引線框架上形成光亮的錫層。該錫錢浴包 括得自甲石黃酸錫之60 g/L的錫離子及25〇滅的7〇 酸以作為基質。鍍錫係於室溫下在1〇湖之電流密度進 行30秒。 所有九個鍍錫的引線框架係置於Sik_Μ 對流棋箱中’以回流其錫層。該溫度分佈係⑵ —C至⑽C至24(rc至⑽。c至24代然後冷卻至室溫。 母一引線框架於每一溫度區中維持30秒。 流之後,在暴露至空氣24小時後檢測引線框_之 錫層的表面氧化作用。使用〇至5之:之 沒有觀察到氧化作用,該引線框架係定為〇「又假如= 重的褪色作用,該引線框架㈣為5。因為具有明顯^ =用’故以鎳層鑛覆而不間鱗層鑛覆的 J二該引線框架具有遍及其表面的紫色色斑。以辞 層鍍覆於鎳詹上的剩餘八則線框架係定為卜、^ 框架具有-些白色褪色但卻沒有顯示如不 ^ 架般嚴重的褪色作用。 /、又㈢的W線框 上述結果顯示,包含有鎳磷屑 較於不具該雙層的引線框架而降::引線框架相 糸降低錫層的表面氧化 93629 19 1326717 • 作用。 ' 實施例2(比較例) 將九個(9)銅-錫合金引線框架於65°C下在含l〇〇g/L的 RONACLEANTM CP-100(其為含矽酸鹽之組成物)之清潔溶 液中經超音波清潔30秒。 清潔之後,再於室溫下將每一引線框架浸沒至1〇〇 ml/L工業級硫酸溶液中10秒。然後將每一引線框架以1 微米至2微米範圍的鎳層鍍覆。用於鍍覆每一引線框架的 _鎳鍍浴具有揭露於下表3中的配方。 表3 成分 濃度 胺基磺酸鎳 125 g/L 氯化鎳 8 g/L 胺基乙酸 30 g/L 石黃酸化萘化合物 1 g/L 苯甲醯磺醯亞胺化合物 5 g/L 醛 0.5 g/L 水 餘量 鎳鍍浴之pH為3且浴溫為55°C。將每一引線框架置 於含有電解鎳鍍浴之赫爾電池中。作用為陽極及陰極之該 引線框架係硫/鎳電極。該鎳鍍浴於鎳沉積期間係經槳式攪 拌。該鍍覆設備係與習知整流器相連接。電流密度範圍係 自5 ASD至10 ASD。鎳沉積係於4秒至90秒期間内進行。 然後八個(8)引線框架係使用揭露於下表4中之鍍浴配 方以鎳磷層鍍覆。 20 93629 Γ326717 表4 成分 濃度 胺基續酸錄 125 g/L 亞磷酸 50 g/L 硼酸 30 g/L 胺基乙酸 25 g/L 磺酸化萘化合物 0.5 g/L 二甘油醚 35mg/L 水 餘量 鎳磷鍍浴於電鍍期間具1之pH及溫度為55°c。鎳磷 沉積係於5 ASD至10 ASD之電流密度下以槳式攪拌於赫 爾電池中進行。電鍍係於16秒至94秒之期間内對八個鍍 鎳的引線框架進行。該鎳磷層之厚度範圍自0.1微米至1 微米。 然後所有九個引線框架於含有錫電鍍浴之赫爾電池中 電鍍,以於每一引線框架上形成光亮的錫層。該錫鍍浴包 括得自甲磺酸之60 g/L的錫離子及250 ml/L的70%曱磺酸 以作為基質。鍍錫係於室溫在10 ASD之電流密度下進行 30秒。 所有九個鑛錫的引線框架係置於Sikama Falcon TM 8500傳導/對流烘箱中,以回流其錫層。該溫度分佈係125 乞至180°C至240°C至260°C至24(TC,然後冷卻至室溫。 每一引線框架於每一溫度區中維持30秒。 於回流之後,在暴露至空氣24小時後檢測引線框架之 錫層的表面氧化作用。使用0至5之目視檢查等級。假如 21 93629 1.326717 一. « - « 沒有觀察到氧化作用,該引線框架係定為〇 ;又假如有嚴 .重的褪色作用,該引線框架係定為5。該以鎳層鍍覆而^ •以鎳磷層鍍覆的引線框架係定為該引線框架具有遍及 其表面的紫色色斑。以鎳磷雙層鍍覆於鎳層上的剩餘八個 引線框架係定為i。每一引線框架具有一些白色麵色但卻 沒有顯示如不具雙層的引線框架般嚴重的褪色作用。該結 果顯示,包含有鎳磷層於鎳層上的引線框架相較於不具該 雙層的引線框架而言’係降低錫表面氧化作用。 鲁實施例3 重複揭露於上述實施例1中的製程,除了每一引線框 架係於10 ASD電流密度在錫_銅合金鍍浴中經電鍍以形成 錫_銅合金層於鎳磷層上。該錫-銅合金鍍浴包括5〇 g/L的 錫’如曱石黃酸錫(II); 1 g/L之銅,如甲磺酸銅(11); 16〇§/七 游離甲磺酸,27 g/L之乙氧基化的万-萘酚;7 g/L之乙氧 基化的雙酚A,1 g/L之亮光劑;3 g/L之甲基丙烯酸;〇.8 肇g/L之晶粒細化劑及具有5〇,〇〇〇道耳吞(Dalt〇n)分子量及 80%羧基化程度之5 g/L之羧甲基化的聚乙烯亞胺,以商標 名 TRILON ES9300 銷售。 不 於回流及暴露至空氣24小時後,預期在具有鎳及鎳磷 雙層之引線框架的錫·銅表面上觀察不到氧化作用。相較而 ° 僅具錄層之引線框架上的錫-鋼層預期呈現出氧化作 用。 實施例4 除了以錫-銀合金層替代錫層鍍覆引線框架外,重複揭 93629 22 1326717 露於貫施例2中的製程。每—引線框架於% 電流密 度下以錫-銀層鍍覆。該錫_銀合金鍍浴包括5〇§几的錫, 如甲石黃酸錫U.5 g/L的銀,如甲石黃酸銀;6 ^ GW) ; 200 ml/L的甲石黃酸;2 g/L的聚燒氧化物;〇 25 g/L的乙基麥芽醇及0.25 g/L的3-曱基環戊酮。 於回流及暴露至空氣24小時後’預期在具有錄及鎖填 雙層之引線框架的錫_銀表面上觀察不到氧化作用。相較而 言’僅具鎳層之引線框架上的錫-銀層預期呈現出氧化作 •用。 f施例5. 除了以錫-鉛合金層替代錫鍍覆引線框架外,重複揭露 於實施例2中的製程。每一引線框架於5湖電流密度下 以錫-鉛層鍍覆。該錫·鉛合金鍍浴包括4〇g/L的錫(來自曱 確酸錫);26 g/L的錯(來自曱續酸錯)及200 ml/L的甲續酸。 於回抓及暴路至空氣24小時後,預期在具有錄及鎳磷 #雙層之引線框架的錫_錯表面上觀察不到氧化作用。相較而 σ僅八鎳層之引線框架上的錫_錯層預期呈現出氧化作 用0 93629 23

Claims (1)

  1. • 「.Γ 了〜〜--第95132673號專利申請案 +二申請專利範圍:⑼年2月⑼ 抑制或預防氧化物形成之方法,該方法包括電解沉 、/、層至基材上;電解沉積鎳磷層至該鎳層上以形成鎳 鎳鱗之雙層;及沉積錫或錫合金層至該雙層之錄鱗層 其中該雙層為2微米至3微米厚。 申-月專利Ιϋ圍第1項之方法,復包括回流該 金層之步驟。 3·=申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中絲韻之鱗含量 為0·1重量%至15重量%。 .ρ種電子物品,該電子物品包括於基材上的鎳層;及於 該鎳層上的鎳磷層;及於該鎳磷層上的錫或錫合金層, 其中,該鎳層及該鎳磷層總厚度係2微米至3微米。 •如專利申請範圍第4項之電子物品,其中該鎳磷層包括 0.1重量%至15重量%之磷。 6.如專利申請範圍第5項之電子物品,其中該鎳磷層包括 1重量%至10重量%之磷。 -如專利申請範圍第4項之物品,其中該電子物品係為印 刷電路板、引線框架、電連接器、晶圓凸塊、或被動組 件。 93629修正版 .24
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SG131043A1 (en) 2007-04-26
KR20070028266A (ko) 2007-03-12
JP2007070730A (ja) 2007-03-22
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US20070052105A1 (en) 2007-03-08
HK1101603A1 (en) 2007-10-18
SG131046A1 (en) 2007-04-26
EP1762641A3 (en) 2008-05-07
EP1762640A3 (en) 2008-05-21
CN1936094A (zh) 2007-03-28
EP1762640A2 (en) 2007-03-14
TWI371797B (en) 2012-09-01
CN1936094B (zh) 2011-06-22
TW200714732A (en) 2007-04-16
US20070054138A1 (en) 2007-03-08
EP1762641A2 (en) 2007-03-14
KR20070028265A (ko) 2007-03-12
JP2007070731A (ja) 2007-03-22
CN1936095A (zh) 2007-03-28
JP5026031B2 (ja) 2012-09-12

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