JP5952813B2 - Isfetアレイをテストする方法及び装置 - Google Patents
Isfetアレイをテストする方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
- G01R31/2607—Circuits therefor
- G01R31/2621—Circuits therefor for testing field effect transistors, i.e. FET's
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/414—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS
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- G01N27/4145—Ion-sensitive or chemical field-effect transistors, i.e. ISFETS or CHEMFETS specially adapted for biomolecules, e.g. gate electrode with immobilised receptors
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Description
本出願は、2010年6月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/360,493号、および2010年7月1日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/360,495号からの優先権の利益を主張し、それらのすべての開示は、本明細書にそれらの全体を参考として組み込まれている。
エレクトロニクス装置及びエレクトロニクス構成部品には、化学及び生物学(より一般的には、「生命科学」)において、特に様々な化学及び生物学反応の検出及び測定及び様々な化合物の識別、検出、測定のための多くの応用がある。そのうちの1つのエレクトロニクス装置は、イオン感応性電界効果トランジスタと呼ばれ、関連文献では、しばしば「ISFET」(又はpHFET) と表示される。ISFETは、従来、溶液の水素イオン濃度(一般的に「pH」と称される)の測定を容易にするため、主として、学界及び研究団体で研究されてきた。
以下に、本発明の基本的な諸特徴および種々の態様を列挙する。
[1]
各々の画素要素が、ソース端子と、ドレイン端子と、フローティングゲート端子とを有する化学的感応性トランジスタを備える、画素要素のアレイによって構成される化学的検出装置をテストする方法であって、
該化学的感応性トランジスタのソース端子のグループを共通にして接続する工程と;
該グループの該ソース端子に第一のテスト電圧を印加する工程と;
該第一のテスト電圧によって生成された該ドレイン端子において、対応する第一の電流を測定する工程と;
該第一のテスト電圧及び電流に基づいて抵抗値を算出する工程と;
第二のテスト電圧が、少なくとも部分的に該抵抗値に基づく、該グループを異なる動作モードで操作するために該グループの該ソース端子において該第二のテスト電圧を印加する工程と、;
該第二のテスト電圧によって生成された該ドレイン端子において、対応する第二のセットの電流を測定する工程と;
該第二のテスト電圧及び電流に、並びに該化学的感応性トランジスタの動作特性に基づいて、該グループにおける各化学的感応性トランジスタのフローティングゲート電圧を算出する工程と
を含む、方法。
[2]
各々の化学的感応性トランジスタが、イオン感応性電界効果トランジスタ(ISFET)である、[1]に記載の方法。
[3]
前記グループが、前記アレイにおいてすべての前記化学的感応性トランジスタを含む、[1]に記載の方法。
[4]
前記グループが前記アレイの一つおきの行を含む、[1]に記載の方法。
[5]
前記グループが前記アレイの一つおきの列を含む、[1]に記載の方法。
[6]
前記第一のテスト電圧を前記アレイの異なる側において連続的に印加する、[1]に記載の方法。
[7]
前記第二のテスト電圧でテスト電流を印加する工程を更に含む、[1]に記載の方法。
[8]
前記第二のテスト電圧を前記アレイの異なる側において連続的に印加し、且つ前記フローティングゲート電圧を該アレイの各側に関して算出する、[1]に記載の方法。
[9]
算出した前記フローティングゲート電圧をすべての側に関してまとめて平均化する、[8]に記載の方法。
[10]
前記アレイ中のいずれかのフローティングゲート端子に接触しているか又は隣接している液体サンプルが存在しない、[2]に記載の方法。
[11]
前記化学的感応性トランジスタの異なる動作モードが、三極管モード及び飽和モードのうちの一つを含む、[1]に記載の方法。
[12]
ソースと、ドレインと、フローティングゲートとを有する化学的感応性トランジスタのアレイを乾燥試験する方法であって、
第一のテスト電圧を該化学的感応性トランジスタの共通ソース接続グループに印加する工程と;
第一のセットのテスト電圧によって生成された該第一のテスト電圧及び電流に基づいて、抵抗を算出する工程と;
第二のテスト電圧が、該化学的感応性トランジスタを駆動させて複数の動作モード間を遷移させ、かつ該第二のテスト電圧が部分的に算出された抵抗に基づく、該第二のテスト電圧を印加する工程と;
各々の駆動させた化学的感応性トランジスタのフローティングゲート電圧を算出する工程と;
各々の算出されたフローティングゲート電圧が所定の閾値内にあるかどうかを判定する工程と
を含む、方法。
[13]
前記化学的感応性トランジスタがISFETである、[12]に記載の方法。
[14]
前記共通ソース接続グループが前記アレイ全体である、[12]に記載の方法。
[15]
前記共通ソース接続グループが、前記アレイの一つおきの行を備える、[12]に記載の方法。
[16]
前記共通ソース接続グループが、前記アレイの一つおきの列を備える、[12]に記載の方法。
[17]
前記複数の動作モードが、三極管モードと飽和モードとを含む、[12]に記載の方法。
[18]
各々の化学的検出要素が、半導体ボディ端子、ソース端子、ドレイン端子、及びフローティングゲート端子を有する、化学的感応性電界効果トランジスタを備える、化学的検出要素のアレイと;
複数のソース端子及び複数のボディ端子に接続された、該アレイの各側における複数の駆動電圧端子、及び
ドレイン電流を対応する電圧測定値に変換することによって該ドレイン電流を測定するために、該アレイ中の少なくとも1つの要素の該ドレイン端子に接続された、電流源
を備える、テスト回路と
を備える、装置。
[19]
前記化学的感応性トランジスタがISFETである、[18]に記載の装置。
[20]
前記テスト回路が、前記化学的感応性電界効果トランジスタを駆動させて異なるモードで動作させるように構成される、[18]に記載の装置。
[21]
前記異なるモードが、三極管モードと飽和モードとを含む、[20]に記載の装置。
[22]
トランジスタをテストする方法であって、該トランジスタが、フローティングゲート、並びに、該フローティングゲートと第一の端子及び第二の端子のうちの少なくとも一方との間の重複静電容量を有し、該方法が、
該トランジスタの該第一の端子にテスト電圧を印加する工程と;
該トランジスタの第二の端子にバイアスをかける工程と;
該第二の端子における出力電圧を測定する工程と;
該出力電圧が所定範囲内にあるかどうかを判定する工程と
を含み、該重複静電容量を介した該テスト電圧が、該トランジスタをアクティブモードにする、方法。
[23]
前記トランジスタが、ISFETである、[22]に記載の方法。
[24]
前記第一の端子がドレイン端子であり、かつ前記第二の端子がソース端子である、[22]に記載の方法。
[25]
前記テスト電圧を別の電圧値に調整する工程と;
調整された該テスト電圧を前記第一の端子に印加する工程と;
前記第二の端子における第二の出力電圧を測定する工程と;
該出力電圧に基づいてトランジスタ特性を決定する工程と
を更に含む、[22]に記載の方法。
[26]
前記トランジスタ特性がトランジスタ利得である、[25]に記載の方法。
[27]
前記重複静電容量が、前記トランジスタの端子インプラントと部分的に重なるゲート酸化物層材料によって形成される、[22]に記載の方法。
[28]
前記フローティングゲート端子に接触しているか又は隣接している液体サンプルが存在しない、[23]に記載の方法。
[29]
各々の検出要素が、フローティングゲート、第一の端子、第二の端子、並びに該フローティングゲートと該第一の端子及び該第二の端子のうちの少なくとも一方との間の重複静電容量を有する、電界効果トランジスタを含む、検出要素のアレイと;
少なくとも1つの第一の端子に結合した、駆動電圧端子、
少なくとも1つの第二の端子に結合した、バイアス電流端子、及び
該少なくとも1つの第二の端子に結合した、出力電圧測定端子
を備える、テスト回路と
を備える、装置。
[30]
各々の電界効果トランジスタがISFETである、[29]に記載の装置。
[31]
各々の電界効果トランジスタの前記第一の端子がドレイン端子であり、かつ各々の電界効果トランジスタの前記第二の端子がソース端子である、[29]に記載の装置。
[32]
前記重複静電容量が、前記トランジスタの端子インプラントと部分的に重なるゲート酸化物層材料によって形成される、[29]に記載の装置。
本発明の実施形態は、化学製品をテストする方法と、各々の画素要素が、ソース端子、ドレイン端子、及びフローティングゲート端子を有する、化学的感応性トランジスタを備える画素要素アレイによって構成される化学的検出装置を提供する。この方法は、化学的感応性トランジスタのソース端子のグループを共通にして接続する工程と、第一のテスト電圧をそのグループのソース端子に印加する工程と、第一のテスト電圧によって生成された、ドレイン端子における対応する第一の電流を測定する工程と、第一のテスト電圧及び電流に基づいて、抵抗値を算出する工程とを含んでもよい。本方法はまた、第二のテスト電圧が少なくとも部分的に抵抗値に基づく、前記グループを異なる動作モードで操作するために、第二のテスト電圧をそのグループのソース端子において印加する工程と、第二のテスト電圧で生成された、ドレイン端子における対応する第二のセットの電流を測定する工程を含んでもよい。第二のテスト電圧及び電流に、並びに化学的感応性トランジスタの動作特性に基づいて、そのグループにおいて各化学的感応性トランジスタのフローティングゲート電圧を算出する工程を含んでもよい。
式中、μnは電荷担体実効移動度係数であり、Coxは単位領域係数当たりのゲート酸化物静電容量であり、Wはゲート幅であり、Lはゲート長さであり、VGSはゲートとソース端子の間の電圧であり、Vthは閾値電圧であり、VDSドレインとソース端子の間の電圧である。三極管領域では、トランジスタは、ドレインとソース間でオームの法則に則った挙動を有し、ドレイン電流は飽和しない。
式中、μnは電荷担体実効移動度係数であり、Coxは単位領域係数当たりのゲート酸化物静電容量であり、Wはゲート幅であり、Lはゲート長さであり、VGSはゲートとソース端子の間の電圧であり、Vthは閾値電圧であり、VDSドレインとソース端子の間の電圧であり、λはチャネル長さ調整のための係数である。
式中、VTNは現在の基板のバイアスを有する閾値電圧であり、VTOは、閾値電圧についてのゼロのVSB値であり、VSBはソース端子とボディ端子の間の電圧であり、γはボディ効果パラメータであり、2φは表面電位パラメータである。
Claims (13)
- 各々の画素要素が、ソース端子と、ドレイン端子と、フローティングゲート端子とを有するイオン感応性電界効果トランジスタ(ISFET)を備える、画素要素のアレイによって構成される化学的検出装置をテストする方法であって、
該ISFETのソース端子のグループを共通にして接続する工程と;
該グループの該ソース端子に第一のテスト電圧を印加する工程と;
該ドレイン端子において、第一のテスト電圧によって生成された対応する第一の電流を測定する工程と;
該第一のテスト電圧及び電流に基づいて抵抗値を算出する工程と;
該グループを異なる動作モードで操作するために該グループの該ソース端子において第二のテスト電圧を印加する工程であって、該第二のテスト電圧が、該グループにおけるISFETを該異なる動作モードで動作させる電圧ポイントでの掃引電圧である、前記工程;
該ドレイン端子において、第二のテスト電圧によって生成された対応する第二のセットの電流を測定する工程と;
該グループの各ISFETにおいて、該第二のテスト電圧及び電流に基づいて、フローティングゲートの電圧を算出する工程と
を含み、
前記グループが、前記アレイにおいてすべての前記ISFETを含むか、または
前記グループが、前記アレイの一つおきの行、もしくは一つおきの列を含む、
方法。 - 前記第一のテスト電圧を前記アレイの異なる側において連続的に印加する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第二のテスト電圧でテスト電流を印加する工程を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第二のテスト電圧を前記アレイの異なる側において連続的に印加し、且つ前記フローティングゲートの電圧を該アレイの各側に関して算出する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 算出した前記フローティングゲートの電圧をすべての側に関してまとめて平均化する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記アレイ中のいずれかのフローティングゲート端子に接触しているか又は隣接している液体サンプルが存在しない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ISFETの異なる動作モードが、三極管モード及び飽和モードのうちの一つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ソースと、ドレインと、フローティングゲートとを有する化学的感応性トランジスタのアレイを乾燥試験する方法であって、
第一のテスト電圧を該化学的感応性トランジスタの共通ソース接続グループに印加する工程と;
第一のセットのテスト電圧によって生成された該第一のテスト電圧及び電流に基づいて、抵抗を算出する工程と;
第二のテスト電圧が、該化学的感応性トランジスタを駆動させて複数の動作モード間を遷移させ、かつ該第二のテスト電圧が、該グループにおける化学的感応性トランジスタを該複数の動作モードで動作させる電圧ポイントでの掃引電圧である、該第二のテスト電圧を印加する工程と;
各々の駆動させた化学的感応性トランジスタにおいて、該第二のテスト電圧及び電流に基づいて、フローティングゲートの電圧を算出する工程と;
各々の算出されたフローティングゲートの電圧が所定の閾値内にあるかどうかを判定する工程と
を含む、方法。 - 前記化学的感応性トランジスタがISFETである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記共通ソース接続グループが前記アレイ全体である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記共通ソース接続グループが、前記アレイの一つおきの行を備える、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記共通ソース接続グループが、前記アレイの一つおきの列を備える、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の動作モードが、三極管モードと飽和モードとを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
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US11231451B2 (en) | 2022-01-25 |
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TWI539172B (zh) | 2016-06-21 |
EP2588850B1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
EP2588850A4 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
JP2013533976A (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
CN103080739A (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
TW201224478A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
CN103080739B (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
TW201627682A (zh) | 2016-08-01 |
US20220082607A1 (en) | 2022-03-17 |
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US20120001646A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
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