JP5477282B2 - R−t−b系焼結磁石およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
R−t−b系焼結磁石およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
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- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
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- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0573—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes obtained by reduction or by hydrogen decrepitation or embrittlement
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Description
本願発明は、希土類元素R、鉄族元素T、ホウ素B、必須添加元素Cu、及び必要に応じて添加される添加元素M、不純物の一つである酸素O、及びその他不可避不純物からなる。
焼結磁石の結晶粒径(grain size)は、保磁力に影響を与える。一方、粒界相の状態も保磁力に影響する。このため、従来は、公知の方法で単に結晶粒径を小さくしても高い保磁力が得られなかった。つまり、結晶粒径を小さくすると、結晶粒界の面積が増大するため、粒界相の必要量も増加する。従って同一組成で単に結晶粒界を微細化すると粒界相が不足し、結晶粒径の低下による保磁力向上効果と、粒界相不足による保磁力低下が相殺し、結果的に従来は結晶粒微細化効果が充分得られていなかった。
前記組成、前記結晶粒径を得る事により、本願発明の磁石は、従来のR−T−B系磁石に比べて、優れた磁石特性、特に大きな保磁力を持つことを特徴とする。
HcJ[kA/m]>400+4800×(1.6−Br[T])
の関係式を満たす。
本願発明の製造方法は、不純物を増やすことなく従来よりも原料合金を微細に粉砕する技術と、粒成長抑制のための添加元素を特に用いずとも異常粒成長を生じることなく焼結する技術との組み合わせによることを特徴とする。
原料合金は、望ましくはストリップキャスト法などの微細組織が得られる方法で作製されることが好ましい。これは、粉砕工程に於いて、より少ない労力で粉砕するためである。
粗粉砕と微粉砕の2段階の粉砕を行う。それぞれの工程で不純物量の管理を行うことが必要である。
本願発明の方法により得られた微粉砕粉のサイズは、例えば気流分散型のレーザー回折粒度測定によるD50が3μm以下である。これは、従来の一般的な粉砕粒度より小さいため、金型への微粉末の充填、外部磁界印加による結晶の配向はやや困難となる。また成形密度も高めにくい。しかしながら、酸素や炭素の取り込みを最小限とするため、潤滑剤等の使用は最小限にとどめることが望ましい。焼結工程、またはその前に脱脂可能な、揮発性の高い潤滑剤を、公知のものから選択して用いてもよい。
焼結過程における雰囲気は、真空中または大気圧以下の不活性ガス雰囲気とする。ここでの不活性ガスとは、Ar及び/またはHeガスを指す。大気圧以下の不活性ガス雰囲気を保持する方法は、真空ポンプによる真空排気を行いつつ、不活性ガスを系内に導入する方法が好ましい。この場合、前記真空排気を間歇的に行ってもよく、不活性ガスの導入を間歇的に行ってもよい。また前記真空排気と前記導入の双方とも間歇的に行うこともできる。
焼結工程終了後、一旦300℃以下にまで冷却する。その後、再度400℃以上、900℃以下の範囲で熱処理を行い、保磁力を高めることができる。この熱処理は、同一温度、または温度を変えて複数回行ってもよい。
本願発明の磁石には、所定の形状、寸法を得るため、一般的な切断、研削等の機械加工を施すことができる。
本願発明の磁石には、好ましくは防錆のための表面コーティング処理を施す。例えば、Niめっき、Snめっき、Znめっき、Al蒸着膜、Al系合金蒸着膜、樹脂塗装などを行うことができる。
本願発明の磁石には、一般的な着磁方法で着磁することができる。例えば、パルス磁界を印加する方法や、静的な磁界を印加する方法が適用できる。なお、磁石材料の着磁は、材料の取り扱い上の容易さを考慮して、通常は磁気回路に組み立てた後、前記方法で着磁するが、もちろん磁石単体で着磁することもできる。
純度99.5%以上のPr、Nd、純度99.9%以上のTb、Dy、電解鉄、低炭素フェロボロン合金を主とし、添加元素(Coおよび/またはM)は純金属またはFeとの合金の形で添加して溶解し、合金溶湯を形成した。この溶湯をストリップキャスト法で急冷して、厚さ0.1〜0.3mmの板状合金を得た。
HcJ[kAm-1])>400+4800×(1.6−Br[T])
を満たしていない。
純度99.5%以上のPr、Nd、純度99.9%以上のTb、Dy、電解鉄、純ボロンを主とし、添加元素(Coおよび/またはM)は純金属またはFeとの合金の形で添加して溶解し、合金溶湯を形成した。この溶湯をストリップキャスト法で急冷して、厚さ0.1〜0.3mmの板状合金を得た。
HcJ[kAm-1])>400+4800×(1.6−Br[T])
を満たしていない。
純度99.5%以上のPr、Nd、純度99.9%以上のTb、Dy、電解鉄、純ボロンを主とし、添加元素(Coおよび/またはM)は純金属またはFeとの合金の形で添加して溶解し、合金溶湯を形成した。この溶湯をストリップキャスト法で急冷して、厚さ0.1〜0.3mmの板状合金を得た。
HcJ[kAm-1])>400+4800×(1.6−Br[T])
を満たしていない。
Claims (5)
- R:27.3質量%以上、29.5質量%以下、ここでRは、Yを含む希土類元素であって、Rのうち50質量%以上がPrおよび/またはNdからなり、
B:0.92質量%以上、1質量%以下、
Cu:0.05質量%以上、0.3質量%以下、
M:0.5質量%以下(0質量%を含む)、ここでMは、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn、Ga、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In、Sn、Hf、Ta、W、Au、Pb、Biのうち、1種または2種以上、
T:残部、ここでTは、Fe、Coの1種または2種であり、Feを50質量%以上含み、
酸素含有量が0.02質量%以上、0.2質量%以下、
の組成を有し、
焼結磁石の主相はR2T14B型化合物であり、
主相の結晶粒径が、円相当径で8μm以下であり、かつ4μm以下の結晶粒子の占める面積率が、主相全体の80%以上である、R−T−B系焼結磁石。 - R:27.3質量%以上、29.5質量%以下、ここでRは、Yを含む希土類元素であって、Rのうち50質量%以上がPrおよび/またはNdからなり、
B:0.92質量%以上、1質量%以下、
Cu:0.05質量%以上、0.3質量%以下、
M:0.5質量%以下(0質量%を含む)、ここでMは、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn、Ga、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ag、In、Sn、Hf、Ta、W、Au、Pb、Biのうち、1種または2種以上、
T:残部、ここでTは、Fe、Coの1種または2種であり、Feを50質量%以上含み、
酸素含有量が0.02質量%以上、0.2質量%以下
の組成を有する、R−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法であって、
単軸方向の平均Rリッチ相間隔が4μm以下であるストリップキャスト合金を母合金として準備する工程と、
前記母合金を水素雰囲気に暴露して脆化させ、粗粉末を得る工程と、
前記粗粉末を微粉砕し、乾式分散によるレーザー回折法の測定によって得られるD50が3μm以下の粒度を持ち、含有酸素濃度が0.2質量%以下の微粉末を得る工程と、
前記微粉末を磁界中にてプレス成形し、成形体を得る工程と、
前記成形体を850℃以上、1000℃以下の温度で4時間以上、48時間以下保持して焼結する工程と
を包含する、R−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記成形体を得る工程は、
前記微粉末を飽和炭化水素系有機溶媒に混合して前記微粉末のスラリーを形成する工程を含み、
前記プレス成形は、前記微粉末のスラリーに対して行う、請求項2に記載のR−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記微粉末を得る工程では、気流式粉砕機により、ヘリウムまたはアルゴンのガスを用いて微粉砕を行う、請求項2に記載のR−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記微粉末を得る工程では、前記粉砕機に結合された分級機を用いて目標粒度を得る、請求項4に記載のR−T−B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
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- 2009-03-30 EP EP09727377.5A patent/EP2273513B1/en active Active
- 2009-03-30 WO PCT/JP2009/001448 patent/WO2009122709A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2009-03-30 US US12/935,318 patent/US8317941B2/en active Active
- 2009-03-30 CN CN2009801111850A patent/CN101981634B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2273513B1 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
| JPWO2009122709A1 (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
| US20110025440A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
| CN101981634B (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
| CN101981634A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
| EP2273513A4 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
| EP2273513A1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| US8317941B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 |
| WO2009122709A1 (ja) | 2009-10-08 |
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