JP5283688B2 - フッ化ビニリデンコポリマー - Google Patents
フッ化ビニリデンコポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5283688B2 JP5283688B2 JP2010504657A JP2010504657A JP5283688B2 JP 5283688 B2 JP5283688 B2 JP 5283688B2 JP 2010504657 A JP2010504657 A JP 2010504657A JP 2010504657 A JP2010504657 A JP 2010504657A JP 5283688 B2 JP5283688 B2 JP 5283688B2
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- polymer
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- monomer
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 acryl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C=C GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000001253 acrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
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- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCCCC)CC(=O)OCCCC ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
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- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical group FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)C GTJOHISYCKPIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004804 Butyryltrihexylcitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylhexyl Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003091 Methocel™ Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOCJDOLVGGIYIQ-PBFPGSCMSA-N cefatrizine Chemical group S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CC=1CSC=1C=NNN=1 UOCJDOLVGGIYIQ-PBFPGSCMSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isododecane Natural products CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)N(C)C AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNSYDPIUFNHOJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CO.OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O FNSYDPIUFNHOJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003021 phthalic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000710 polymer precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007585 pull-off test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003330 sebacic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCC WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUUQISRYLMFKOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCCCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCCCCCC TUUQISRYLMFKOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005590 trimellitic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APVVRLGIFCYZHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)CC(=O)OCCCCCCCC APVVRLGIFCYZHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/22—Vinylidene fluoride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/40—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. salts, amides, imides, nitriles, anhydrides, esters
- B01D71/401—Polymers based on the polymerisation of acrylic acid, e.g. polyacrylate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/22—Vinylidene fluoride
- C08F214/225—Vinylidene fluoride with non-fluorinated comonomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2237—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing fluorine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/36—Hydrophilic membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
の少なくとも1つの親水性(メタ)アクリルモノマー(MA)とに由来する繰り返し単位を含む線状半結晶性コポリマー[ポリマー(A)]であって、
前記親水性(メタ)アクリルモノマー(MA)に由来する0.05〜10モル%の繰り返し単位を含み、そして少なくとも40%のランダムに分布した単位(MA)の分率によって特徴付けられるコポリマー[ポリマー(A)]を提供することによって上述の問題を解決する。
−親水性(メタ)アクリルモノマー(MA)を含む水溶液を連続的に供給する工程と、
−前記反応器容器内の圧力を、フッ化ビニリデンの臨界圧力よりも上に維持する工程と
を含む方法である。
に従う。
−式:
−式
−式:
−およびそれらの混合物
の中から選択される。
−親水性(メタ)アクリルモノマー(MA)を含む水溶液を連続的に供給する工程と、
−前記反応器容器の圧力を、フッ化ビニリデンの臨界圧力よりも上に維持する工程と
を含む。
用語「VDFポリマー」は、VDFに由来する少なくとも70モル%の繰り返し単位と、任意選択的に、少なくとも1つの他の好適なフッ素化コモノマー、例えば、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン、トリフルオロエチレンなどに由来する30モル%以下の繰り返し単位とを含むポリマーを意味することを意図される。VDFホモポリマーが本発明の組成物にとって特に有利である。
(a)総重量(a)+(b)+(c)に対して、1〜10重量%、好ましくは2〜9重量%、より好ましくは約3重量%の量で、ポリマー(A)と、
(b)総重量(a)+(b)+(c)に対して、2〜10重量%、好ましくは4〜6重量%、より好ましくは約5重量%の量で、導電性付与添加剤としてのカーボンブラックと、
(c)80〜97重量%、好ましくは85〜94重量%、より好ましくは約92重量%の量で、粉末状の電極材料、好ましくは上に詳述されたような、一般式LiMY2で表される複合金属カルコゲニド、または、上に詳述されたような、組成式AB(XO4)fE1−fのリチオ化もしくは部分リチオ化遷移金属オキシアニオンベースの電極材料と
を含む。
ポリマー(A)中の全平均AA含有率は、カルボン酸基の酸−塩基滴定によって測定する。従った手順を本明細書で以下に詳述する。
ランダムに分布したAA単位の分率は、19F−NMRによって測定する。
−CH2CF2−[CH2CH(COOH)]n−CH2CF2−CH2−
このシグナルの強度とスペクトルのピーク全ての強度との比から、100VDF単位当たりのAA配列の平均数(すなわち、AA配列のモル%)を求め、こうしてAA配列のモル%と全平均AAモル%との比:
VDF/HEAポリマー中の全平均HEA含有率の測定
コポリマーのHEA含有率は、ポリマー(A)主鎖VDFモノマー単位のCH2部分の全強度に関して、本明細書で以下に明らかなようなCH2基:
ランダムに分布したHEA単位の分率は、ランダムに分布したAA単位分率を測定するために従ったものに類似の手順に従って、19F−NMRによって測定する。
固有粘度[η]は、Ubbelhode粘度計での、ポリマー(A)を約0.2g/dlの濃度でジメチルホルムアミドに溶解させることによって得られた溶液の、25℃での、降下時間に基づき次の方程式:
ηrは、相対粘度、すなわち、サンプル溶液の降下時間と溶剤の降下時間との比であり、
ηspは、比粘度、すなわち、ηr−1であり、
Гは、ポリマー(A)については3に相当する、実験因子である)
を用いて測定した。
TGA分析は、動的モードで、窒素雰囲気下に、ISO 11358標準に従って実施した。それぞれ、ポリマー(A)の0.5、0.75および1重量%の重量損失を得るために必要とされる温度を記録した。これらの温度が高ければ高いほど、ポリマー(A)の熱安定性は高い。
DSC分析は、ASTM D3418標準に従って実施した。Tm2は、第2加熱サイクルで測定されるような、溶融温度を示し;Txxは、中間冷却サイクル中に測定されるような、結晶化温度である。
水MilliQに向けての静的接触角測定は、ASTM D2578−84、D5725−99に従って、G10−Kruss機器を用いて、溶液キャスティングによって得られた緻密フラットポリマー(A)シートに関して実施した。各値は、少なくとも5滴の測定値の平均として求めた。
実施例1
880rpmの速度で作動する羽根車を備えた4リットル反応器に、以下の原料を順次導入した:
−脱塩水:2473g;
−懸濁化剤:0.8g(DOW Chemical製のMethocel(登録商標)K100GR)。
実施例1に詳述されたものと同じ手順に従ったが、初期に反応器に1gのアクリル酸(AA)と1058gのVDFモノマーとを導入し、18.5gのAA/1リットルの溶液を含有する水溶液を連続的に供給した。528分後に、合計700mlのAA溶液を供給してしまった後に反応を停止させた。乾燥ポリマーの回収量は815gであることが分かった。そのように得られたポリマーの組成およびDSC特性を表1にまとめる。TGA分析および熱安定性に関するデータを表2にまとめる。
実施例1に記載されてものに類似の手順に従ったが、22gのアクリル酸(AA)と1028gのVDFとを初期にオートクレーブクレーへ導入した。追加量のAAは、651分の重合運転中に全く供給しなかった。濾過、リンス、および乾燥後に、720gの乾燥ポリマーが得られた。
実施例4−実施例1のポリマーを含む電極の製造
実施例1での通り製造された1gの樹脂を、フラットPTFEディスクを備えたDispermatデバイスを用いる室温での機械撹拌下に50gのN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)に溶解させた。穏やかな撹拌下に、1.67gのSuperP(導電性カーボンブラック)と30.67gの酸化リチウムコバルト(LiCoO2)とを加え、スラリーを十分に混合して良好な均質性を確実にした。スラリー調製物に含められる原材料は全て前もって、(溶剤については)4Åのモレキュラーシーブを用いて乾燥させることによってか、(粉末については)100℃で一夜加熱することによってかのいずれかで順化させた。組成物の固体濃度は40重量%であり、ポリマー(A)は全固形分成分(ポリマー(A)+活性材料(カーボンブラック5%およびLi酸化物92%))の3重量%を示した。組成物を次に真空下に脱ガスし、前もって脱脂したアルミ箔上にDoctor Bladeコーティング機器を用いて薄く塗りつけた。コーティングを最後に、固定温度で溶剤除去を確実にするのに十分な時間、典型的には130℃で15分間、および/または80℃で30分間、真空オーブン中で乾燥させた。乾燥コーティングの厚さは約50μmであることが分かった。
実施例4の同じ手順を繰り返したが、実施例2に詳述された通り製造された1gのポリマーを使用した。
実施例4の同じ手順を繰り返したが、2.6dl/gの固有粘度を有する1gのSOLEF(登録商標)6030 VDFホモポリマーを使用した。
実施例4の同じ手順を繰り返したが、比較例3に詳述されたように得られた1gのポリマーを使用した。
実施例4、5、6(比較)および7(比較)に詳述された通り製造された電極の接着性試験は、5mm/分の牽引速度で、23℃および50%相対湿度でISO 4624(プルオフ試験)に従って行った。データを表3にまとめる。
実施例8
実施例1での通り製造された5グラムのポリマーを45グラムのNMPに加え、混合物を完全な溶解まで撹拌した。緻密なフラットポリマーフィルムは、ガラス表面上にBraive棒コーターで溶液キャスティングし、通気オーブン中120℃で30分間乾燥させることによって得た。乾燥フィルムの最終厚さは約10μmであることが分かった。フィルムをその後70℃のNaOHの5重量%水溶液に1.5時間浸漬し、次に脱イオン水で洗浄し、室温で乾燥させて接触角測定にかける検体を提供した。データを表4にまとめる。
実施例8に記載されたものと同じ手順を繰り返したが、実施例2に詳述された通り製造された5グラムのポリマーを使用した。接触角測定結果を表4にまとめる。
実施例8に記載されたものと同じ手順を繰り返したが、1.5dl/gの固有粘度を有する5グラムのSOLEF(登録商標)1015 VDFホモポリマーを使用した。接触角測定結果を表4にまとめる。
実施例8に記載されたものと同じ手順を繰り返したが、実施例2での通り製造されたポリマー(A)とPVDFホモポリマー(SOLEF(登録商標)1015)とを含む混合物それぞれ5gを使用した。その組成を表5に詳述する。接触角測定結果もまた表5にまとめる。
実施例12
実施例9に詳述された通り調製された溶液(実施例2での通り製造された樹脂)を、ガラス表面上にBraive棒コーターでキャストし、脱イオン水へのその後の浸漬によって凝固させて多孔性膜を得た。ガラス表面からの剥離後に、多孔性膜を脱イオン水で洗浄し、2シートの紙の間で室温で乾燥させた。
実施例12に記載されたものと同じ手順を繰り返したが、SOLEF(登録商標)1015 VDFホモポリマーを含有する、実施例10で調製された溶液を使用した。膜の湿潤性は、蒸留水の1滴を膜の表面上に置くことによって評価し;滴は表面上に留まり、吸着されず、このように膜のいかなる湿潤向上も明らかにしなかった。
実施例14(VDF−HEA)
880rpmの速度で作動する羽根車を備えた4リットル反応器に以下の原料を順に導入した:
−脱塩水:2435g;
−懸濁化剤:0.8g(DOW Chemical製のMethocel(登録商標)K100GR)。
Claims (13)
- ランダムに分布した単位(MA)の分率が少なくとも50%である、請求項1または2に記載のポリマー(A)。
- 前記親水性(メタ)アクリルモノマー(MA)に由来する少なくとも0.1モル%の繰り返し単位を含む請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のポリマー(A)。
- 前記親水性(メタ)アクリルモノマー(MA)に由来する多くとも10モル%の繰り返し単位を含む請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のポリマー(A)。
- 350℃超の温度でISO 11358標準に従う窒素下のTGA分析において、1重量%の重量を損失する請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のポリマー(A)。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の線状半結晶性コポリマーの製造方法であって、反応容器内でフッ化ビニリデンモノマーと親水性(メタ)アクリルモノマー(MA)とをラジカル開始剤の存在下に水性媒体中で重合させる工程を含み、
−親水性(メタ)アクリルモノマー(MA)を含む水溶液を連続的に供給することと、
−前記反応器容器内の圧力を、フッ化ビニリデンの臨界圧力よりも上に維持することと
を含む方法。 - 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のポリマー(A)と少なくとも1つのVDFポリマーとを含む組成物(C)。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のポリマー(A)または請求項8に記載の組成物(C)と、粉末状の電極材料とを含み、導電性付与添加剤および/または粘度調整剤を含むかまたは含まない、電極形成組成物。
- (a)総重量(a)+(b)+(c)に対して、1〜10重量%の量で、ポリマー(A)と、
(b)総重量(a)+(b)+(c)に対して、2〜10重量%の量で、導電性付与添加剤としてのカーボンブラックと、
(c)総重量(a)+(b)+(c)に対して、80〜97重量%の量で、粉末状の電極材料と
を含む、請求項9に記載の電極形成組成物。 - バインダーとしての請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の線状半結晶性コポリマーまたは請求項8に記載の組成物(C)の使用。
- 親水性膜の製造のための請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の線状半結晶性コポリマーまたは請求項8に記載の組成物(C)の使用。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の線状半結晶性コポリマーまたは請求項8に記載の組成物(C)を含む親水性膜。
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