JP2018531896A - 金属錯体 - Google Patents
金属錯体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018531896A JP2018531896A JP2018510346A JP2018510346A JP2018531896A JP 2018531896 A JP2018531896 A JP 2018531896A JP 2018510346 A JP2018510346 A JP 2018510346A JP 2018510346 A JP2018510346 A JP 2018510346A JP 2018531896 A JP2018531896 A JP 2018531896A
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- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 123
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 119
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 91
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- -1 heteroaliphatic Chemical group 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 96
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 94
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 82
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 69
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 69
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 16
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 13
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N NMP Substances CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical group N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000019557 luminance Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(pinacolato)diboron Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical group C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 0 *c1cc(C(N(C(*)=C2)C(*)=C3*)=NC2=O)c3c2c(*)nc(*)c(*)c12 Chemical compound *c1cc(C(N(C(*)=C2)C(*)=C3*)=NC2=O)c3c2c(*)nc(*)c(*)c12 0.000 description 4
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000023 Kugelrohr distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 4
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100169272 Escherichia coli (strain K12) cydB gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013375 chromatographic separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- CXNIUSPIQKWYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N xantphos Chemical compound C=12OC3=C(P(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C=CC=C3C(C)(C)C2=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXNIUSPIQKWYAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGOMMVLRQDMAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xphos Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC(C(C)C)=CC(C(C)C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 UGOMMVLRQDMAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
以下の合成は、特に断りのない限り、乾燥溶媒中で、保護ガス雰囲気下で行われる。金属錯体は、さらに、遮光して、または黄色の光の下で取り扱われる。溶媒および試薬は、例えば、シグマ−アルドリッチ社(Sigma−ALDRICH)またはエービーシーアール社(ABCR)から購入できる。角括弧内の各々の数字または個々の化合物に対して示されている番号は、文献既知の化合物のCAS番号に関する。オレフィンもしくはイミン結合中のそれらの立体配座に関して、配位子は、E型、Z型として、もしくは混合体として合成されたかとは関係なく、それらが金属錯体中で起きているように、これ以降において絵画化した形で示される。
実施例S1:
実施例L1:
J.G.Muntaner et al.,Org.&Biomol.Chem.,2014,12,286に類似した手法。24.3g(100ミリモル)の4−(2−ピリジル)アニリニウム二塩酸塩[856849−12−2]のエタノール200ml中の溶液に、エタノール中の2N−ナトリウムエトキシドの溶液97mlを加える。次に、4.9g(30ミリモル)の1,3,5−ベンゼントリカルボキシアルデヒド[3163−76−6]を加え、そして混合物を還流下で6時間加熱する。引き続き、ほぼ乾燥するまでエタノールを留去し、油状の残留物を300mlのDCMに取り入れ、不溶性の分画をセライト床を用いてDCM懸濁液の形で濾過し、DCMを減圧下で除去し、そして粗生成物をアセトニトリル/シクロヘキサンから再結晶させる。収量:15.5g(25ミリモル)、83%。純度:1H−NMRにより約97%。
P.Sulmon et al.,Synthesis 1985,192に類似の手法。24.3g(100ミリモル)の4−(2−ピリジル)アニリニウム二塩酸塩のジエチルエーテル200ml中の懸濁液に、メタノールを3滴、次いで、8.0g(200ミリモル)の水素化ナトリウムの、鉱油(注意:水素の発生!)中の60重量%分散液を、分割して加える。室温で3時間後、水素の発生が終了する。10.1g(30ミリモル)の1,3,5−トリピバロイルベンゼン[23471−32−1]を添加し、そして反応混合物を氷/塩浴中で0℃に冷却する。次いで、DCM中の1N−四塩化チタン溶液95mlを滴下し、そして混合物をさらに2時間撹拌し、室温まで温め、次いで還流下で18時間加熱する。冷却後、沈殿した固体を吸引濾過し、そして100mlのDCMで3回洗浄し、濾液を濃縮乾固し、そして油状残留物を300mlのDCM中に取り入れ、各回100mlの2N−KOH水溶液で3回で洗浄し、次いで硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。DCMを減圧下で除去し、そして残留物を、シリカゲル(トリエチルアミンで失活させた)上で、シクロヘキサン:酢酸エチル:トリエチルアミン(90:9:1、v/v)を用いたクロマトグラフィーに掛ける。収量:4.9g(6ミリモル)、21%。純度:1H−NMRにより約97%。
実施例Ir(L1):
最初に、6.16g(10ミリモル)の配位子L1、4.90g(10ミリモル)のトリスアセチルアセトナートイリジウム(III)[15635−87−7]および150gのハイドロキノン[123−31−9]の混合物を、ガラスで覆われた磁気コアを有する、500mlの二口丸底フラスコに充填する。フラスコは、水分離器(水より密度の低い媒体に対する)およびアルゴンブランケット付きエアコンデンサを具備し、そして金属加熱浴中に置かれる。この装置を、アルゴンブランケットシステムを介して上部からアルゴンで15分間パージし、アルゴンを二口フラスコの側部の口から流出させる。二口フラスコの側部の口を通して、ガラスで覆われたPt−100熱電対をフラスコに導入し、末端をマグネチックスターラーコアのすぐ上に配置する。次に、この装置を、家庭用のアルミニウムホイルを何回か緩く巻きつけることにより断熱させる。この装置を加熱した実験室用の撹拌機システムで、250℃(溶融した撹拌反応混合物に浸漬しているPt−100熱センサで測定する)に急速に加熱する。続いての1.5時間にわたり、反応混合物を250℃に保ち、その間に少量の凝縮物を留去し、水分離器に集める。冷却後、溶融ケークを機械的に細かく砕き、500mlのメタノールと共に沸騰させることにより抽出する。このようにして得られたベージュ色の懸濁液を、両頭フリットを通して濾過し、そしてベージュ色の固体を50mlのメタノールで1回洗浄し、次いで減圧下で乾燥させる。このようにして得られたベージュ色の固体を200mlのジクロロメタンに溶解し、そして、暗所で空気を排除して、ジクロロメタン懸濁液の形で約1kgのシリカゲル(カラム直径約18cm)を通して濾過し、最初の段階で暗色成分を残す。コア画分を切り出し、ロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮し、結晶化までMeOHを同時連続的に滴下する。吸引除去した後、少量のMeOHで洗浄し、そして減圧下で乾燥させ、オレンジ色の生成物をさらに、空気と光を慎重に排除して、トルエン/アセトニトリル3:1(v/v)で5回の連続熱抽出、および酢酸エチルで2回の熱抽出(各々の場合に、当初の挿入量:約150ml、抽出シンブル: ワットマン(Whatman)のセルロース製標準ソックスレー(Soxhlet)シンブル)により精製する。最後に、生成物を、高真空下で280℃での熱処理、あるいは約340℃での分別昇華に付す。収量:2.66g(3.3ミリモル)、33%。純度:HPLCにより、>99.9%。
1)イリジウム錯体のハロゲン化:
イリジウムに対するパラ位の基AxC−H(A=1,2,3)を有する錯体10ミリモルの、金属錯体の溶解度に従って500ml〜2000mlのジクロロメタン中の、溶液もしくは懸濁液に、Ax10.5ミリモルのN−ハロコハク酸イミド(ハロゲン:Cl、Br、I)を、−30〜+30℃の空気を除いた暗所で添加し、そして混合物を20時間撹拌する。DCMに溶解性の低い錯体は、他の溶媒(TCE、THF、DMF、クロロベンゼン等)および高温に変更することができる。続いて、減圧下で溶媒をほぼ除去する。残留物を30mlのメタノールと共に沸騰させることにより抽出し、そして固体を吸引濾過し、30mlのメタノールで3回洗浄し、次いで減圧下で乾燥させる。これにより、イリジウムに対してパラ位で臭素化されたイリジウム錯体を得る。約−5.1〜−5.0eVおよびより小さな大きさのHOMO(サイクリックボルタンメトリー(CV))を有する錯体は、酸化傾向(Ir(III)>Ir(IV))を有しており、酸化剤はNBSから放出される臭素である。この酸化反応は、明確な緑色の色相によって明らかであり、そうでない場合には、エミッターの溶液/懸濁液が黄色から赤色である。そのような場合には、さらに当量のNBSを追加する。検査のために、メタノール300−500mlおよび還元剤としてのヒドラジン水和物2mlを加えると、緑色の溶液/懸濁液の黄色への変色が生じる(還元性:Ir(IV)>Ir(III))。その後、溶媒を減圧下でほぼ除去し、300mlのメタノールを加え、そして固体を吸引濾過し、各回100mlのメタノールで3回洗浄し、そして減圧下で乾燥させる。
バリアントA、二相性反応混合物:
10ミリモルの臭素化錯体、Br官能基あたり12−20ミリモルの、ボロン酸もしくはボロン酸エステルおよび40−80ミリモルのリン酸三カリウムの、トルエン300ml、ジオキサン100mlおよび水300mlの混合物中の懸濁液に、0.6ミリモルのトリ−o−トリルホスフィン、次いで0.1ミリモルの酢酸パラジウム(II)を加え、そしてこの混合物を還流下で16時間加熱する。冷却後、500mlの水および200mlのトルエンを加え、水相を除去し、そして有機相を200mlの水で3回、および200mlの飽和塩化ナトリウム溶液で1回洗浄し、そして、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させる。
10ミリモルの臭素化錯体、Br官能基あたり12−20ミリモルの、ボロン酸もしくはボロン酸エステル、および60−100ミリモルの塩基(フッ化カリウム、リン酸三カリウム(無水物もしくは一水和物もしくは三水和物)、炭酸カリウム、セシウム炭酸塩等)および100gのガラスビーズ(直径3mm)の、100ml−500mlの非プロトン性溶媒(THF、ジオキサン、キシレン、メシチレン、ジメチルアセトアミド、NMP、DMSO等)中の懸濁液に、0.6ミリモルのトリ−o−トリルホスフィン、次いで、0.1ミリモルの酢酸パラジウム(II)を添加し、そしてその混合物を1−24時間、て高温(90−130℃)もしくは還流下で加熱する。あるいは、トリフェニルホスフィン、トリ−tert−ブチルホスフィン、SPhos、Xphos、RuPhos、XanthPhos等のその他のホスフィンを使うことができ、これらのホスフィンの場合の好ましいホスフィン:パラジウム比は3:1〜1.2:1である。この溶媒を減圧下で除去し、生成物を適当な溶媒(トルエン、ジクロロメタン、酢酸エチル等)に取り込み、そしてバリアントAで記載したように精製を行なう。
11.0g(10.0ミリモル)のIr(L200−3Br)、7.3g(60.0ミリモル)のフェニルボロン酸[98−80−6]、12.7g(60ミリモル)のリン酸三カリウム(無水)、183mg(0.6ミリモル)のトリ−o−トリルホスフィン[6163−58−2]、23mg(0.1ミリモル)の酢酸パラジウム(II)、300mlのトルエン、100mlのジオキサンおよび300mlの水の使用、還流、16時間。トルエン/酢酸エチル(7:3、v/v)を用いたシリカゲルでのクロマトグラフィー分離、引き続いての酢酸エチルによる5回の熱抽出。収量:5.7g(5.2ミリモル)、52%;純度:HPLCにより約99.9%。
13.8g(60ミリモル)のリン酸三カリウム一水和物、693g(0.6ミリモル)のテトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)、150mlのDMSOを用いる以外Aと同様で、90℃、24時間。冷却後、メタノール500mlに注ぎ、固体を吸引濾過し、各回50mlのメタノールで3回洗浄し、減圧下で固体を乾燥する。更なる精製を、上述のように、クロマトグラフィーにより、および熱抽出を介して行なう。収量:6.2g(5.7ミリモル);62%;純度:HPLCにより約99.9%。
10ミリモルの臭素化錯体、臭素官能基あたり12ミリモルのビス(ピナコラト)ジボラン[73183−34−3]、臭素官能基あたり30ミリモルの無水酢酸カリウム、0.2ミリモルのトリシクロヘキシルホスフィン、0.1ミリモルの酢酸パラジウム(II)および300mlの溶媒(ジオキサン、DMSO、NMP、トルエン等)の混合物を、80−160℃で4−16時間撹拌する。溶媒を減圧下で除去した後、残留物を300mlの、ジクロロメタン、THFもしくは酢酸エチルに取り込み、そしてセライト床を通して濾過し、濾液を減圧下で結晶化の開始まで濃縮し、そして結晶化を完了させるために約100mlのメタノールを最後に滴下する。この化合物は、メタノールを加えて、ジクロロメタン、酢酸エチルもしくはTHFから再結晶させることができる。
IrK1
5.2g(5ミリモル)のIr(L500)と100gのピリジニウム塩酸塩との混合物を、5時間よく撹拌しながら190℃に加熱する。80℃に冷却した後、水300mlと酢酸20mlとの混合物を滴下し、混合物を攪拌しながら放冷し、そして沈殿した固体を吸引濾過し、水で3回洗浄し、そして減圧下で乾燥させる。共沸乾燥のために、固体を200mlのエタノールに懸濁し、そしてロータリーエバポレーターでエタノールを除去する。共沸乾燥を各回200mlのトルエンで2回繰り返し、次いで300mlの高温のn−ヘプタンと共に撹拌しながらの抽出に付し、吸引濾過し、少量のn−ヘプタンで洗浄し、次いで150℃での減圧下で乾燥させる。
このようにして得られたトリフェノール(4.7g、4.7ミリモル、93%)を、次に300mlのTHFと10mlのピリジンとの混合物に溶解し、そして0℃に冷却し、次いで1.3g(4.8ミリモル)のベンゼン−1,3,5−トリカルボニルトリクロリド[4422−95−1]のTFT100ml中の溶液を滴下する。この混合物を室温まで温め、さらに2時間撹拌し、次いで40℃に加熱し、そしてさらに16時間撹拌する。次いで、その溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残留物を200mlのメタノールと共に撹拌しながら抽出し、そして固体を吸引濾過し、各回50mlのメタノールで3回洗浄し、そして減圧下で乾燥させる。生成物を、空気および光を慎重に除外して、酢酸エチルで5回の連続的な熱抽出(各々の場合に、当初の挿入量:約150ml、抽出シンブル:ワットマン(Whatman)のセルロース製標準ソックスレー(Soxhlet)シンブル)によりさらに精製する。最後に、生成物を、約360℃で分別昇華させる。収量:2.8g(2.4ミリモル)、48%。純度:HPLCにより、>99.9%。
Ir(L327)のジアステレオマー混合物5gを、シリカゲル(約600g、カラムの形状:約8x70cm)上で、トルエン:酢酸エチル(9:1)を用いて、エナンチオマー的に純粋な2つのジアステレオマー、Δ−Ir(L327)(2.2g)およびΛ−Ir(L327)(2.3g)に分離する。
表1は、比較材料IrPPy、Ir1〜5(構造については表2を参照)および本発明の選択された材料の、熱的および光化学的特性並びに酸化還元電位(サイクリックボルタンメトリー:酸化体はDCM中、還元体はTHF中)を照合する。
本発明に係る化合物は、従来技術による材料と比較して、改善された熱安定性および光安定性を有する。従来技術による材料は、360℃で7日間の熱的保管の後、茶色への変色と灰化を示し、かつ、>1モル%の範囲の副次的な成分が1H−NMRで検出できるが、本発明に係る錯体はこれらの条件下でほぼ不活性である。この熱堅牢性は、高真空下(蒸気小分子デバイス)での材料の処理に対して特に重要である。加えて、本発明に係る化合物は、波長約455nmの光の照射下で、無水C6D6溶液中における非常に良好な光安定性を有している。より具体的には、二座配位子を含有する従来技術の錯体とは対照的に、フェイシャル体−メリジオナル体の異性化は1H−NMRで全く検出されない。表1から推測できるように、溶液(室温、脱ガス溶液)中の本発明に係る化合物は、普遍的に非常に高いPL量子効率を示す。
1)真空処理した素子:
本発明に係るOLEDおよび従来技術によるOLEDを、ここで記載した状況(層厚、使用した材料の変化)を適用させた、WO2004/058911に従う一般的な方法で製造する。
本発明に係る化合物の1つの使用は、OLEDにおける発光層中の燐光エミッター材料としてである。表4によるイリジウム化合物は、従来技術による比較として使用される。OLEDの結果は、表2に照合されている。
A:可溶性の機能性材料から
本発明に係るイリジウム錯体は、溶液からも処理することができ、真空処理されたOLEDと比較してプロセス技術に関してもっと単純であるが、それにも拘らず、良好な特性を有するOLEDをもたらす。このような構成要素の製造は、既に何度も文献(例えば、WO2004/037887)に記載されている高分子発光ダイオード(PLED)の製造に基づいている。その構造は、基板/ITO/正孔注入層(60nm)/中間層(20nm)/発光層(60nm)/正孔ブロック層(10nm)/電子輸送層(40nm)/カソードを含んでなる。この目的のために、ITO(酸化インジウムスズ、透明導電性アノード)構造が設けられたテクノプリント社(Technoprint)製の基板(ソーダ石灰ガラス)を使用する。基板を、クリーンルーム内で脱イオン水および洗浄剤(Deconex 15PF)で洗浄し、次いでUV/オゾンプラズマ処理によって活性化させる。その後、同様にクリーンルーム内で、60nmの正孔注入層をスピンコーティングにより塗布する。必要なスピン速度は、希釈の程度および特定のスピンコーターの幾何学的形状に依存する。層から残留水分を除去するために、基板をホットプレート上で、200℃で30分間焼成する。使用される中間層は正孔輸送の役割を果たし、この場合、メルク(Merck)社製のHL−X092を使用する。中間層は、あるいは、1つ以上の層で置き換えることもでき、これは、その後の溶液からEMLを堆積する処理工程によって再び脱離しないという条件を満たす必要がある。発光層の製造のために、本発明に係る三重項エミッターを、マトリックス材料とともにトルエンまたはクロロベンゼンに溶解する。ここにおけるように、素子に通常の層厚60nmをスピンコーティングによって達成する場合、このような溶液の通常の固形分は16〜25g/lである。タイプ1の溶液処理した素子は、M4:M5:IrL(30%:55%:15%)からなる発光層を含み、そしてタイプ2のものは、M4:M5:IrLa:IrLb(30%:34%:30%:6%)からなる発光層を含み、言い換えれば、それらは2つの異なるIr錯体を含む。発光層を、不活性ガス雰囲気中、本件の場合ではアルゴン中でスピンオンし、160℃で10分間焼成する。後者の上に、正孔ブロック層(10nmのETM1)および電子輸送層(40nmの、ETM1(50%)/ETM2(50%))を蒸着する(レスカー(Lesker)社製等の蒸着装置、通常の蒸着圧力の5×10−6mbar)。最後に、アルミニウム(100nm)(アルドリッチ(Aldrich)社製の高純度金属)のカソードを蒸着によって設ける。素子を空気および空気の湿度から保護するために、素子を最終的にカプセル化し、次いで特徴付ける。挙げられているOLEDの例はまだ最適化されるべきものである。表3は得られたデータをまとめたものである。
Claims (16)
- 同一であるかまたは異なっていてもよい、3つの二座副配位子が金属に配位しており、かつ、その3つの二座の副配位子が式(1)のブリッジを介して互いに結合されている、三脚型六座配位子を含有する、単金属型化合物。
X1は、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、CRまたはNであり;
X2は、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、−CR’=CR’−、−CR’=N−、−C(=O)−O−、−C(=O)−NR’’−、−C(=O)−S−、−C(=S)−O−、−C(=S)−NR’’−、または−C(=S)−S−であり;
X3は、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、X2または基−CR=CR−であり;
R、R’は、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、N(R1)2、CN、NO2、OR1、SR1、COOH、C(=O)N(R1)2、Si(R1)3、B(OR1)2、C(=O)R1、P(=O)(R1)2、S(=O)R1、S(=O)2R1、OSO2R1、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する、直鎖のアルキル基、または2〜20個の炭素原子を有する、アルケニルもしくはアルキニル基、または3〜20個の炭素原子を有する、分枝状もしくは環状の、アルキル基(ここで、アルキル、アルケニルもしくはアルキニル基は、各々の場合において、1つ以上のラジカルR1により置換されていてもよく、またここで、1つ以上の非隣接の基CH2は、R1C=CR1、C≡C、Si(R1)2、C=O、NR1、O、S、もしくはCONR1で置き換えられていてもよい)、または5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有し、かつ、各々の場合において、1つ以上のラジカルR1により置換されていてもよい、芳香族もしくはヘテロ芳香族の環系であり;同時に、X2=−CR’=CR’−の時、2つのラジカルR’はまた、共に、脂肪族もしくはヘテロ脂肪族の環系を形成してもよく;さらに、X3=−CR=CR−の時、2つのラジカルRはまた、共に、脂肪族、ヘテロ脂肪族、芳香族もしくはヘテロ芳香族の環系を形成してもよく;
R’’は、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、H、D、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する、直鎖のアルキル基、または3〜20個の炭素原子を有する、分枝状もしくは環状の、アルキル基(ここで、アルキル基は、各々の場合において、1つ以上のラジカルR1により置換されていてもよく、またここで、1つ以上の非隣接の基CH2は、Si(R1)2で置き換えられていてもよい)、または5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有し、かつ、各々の場合において、1つ以上のラジカルR1により置換されていてもよい、芳香族もしくはヘテロ芳香族の環系であり;
R1は、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、N(R2)2、CN、NO2、OR2、SR2、Si(R2)3、B(OR2)2、C(=O)R2、P(=O)(R2)2、S(=O)R2、S(=O)2R2、OSO2R2、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する、直鎖のアルキル基、または2〜20個の炭素原子を有する、アルケニルもしくはアルキニル基、または3〜20個の炭素原子を有する、分枝状もしくは環状の、アルキル基(ここで、アルキル、アルケニルもしくはアルキニル基は、各々の場合において、1つ以上のラジカルR2により置換されていてもよく、またここで、1つ以上の非隣接の基CH2は、R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)2、C=O、NR2、O、S、もしくはCONR2で置き換えられていてもよい)、または5〜40個の芳香族環原子を有し、かつ、各々の場合において、1つ以上のラジカルR2により置換されていてもよい、芳香族もしくはヘテロ芳香族環系であり;同時に、2つ以上の置換基R1はまた、共に、脂肪族、ヘテロ脂肪族、芳香族もしくはヘテロ芳香族の環系を形成してもよく;
R2は、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、H、D、F、または1〜20個の炭素原子を有する、脂肪族、芳香族および/またはヘテロ芳香族の有機ラジカル、特に炭化水素ラジカルであり、ここで1つ以上の水素原子はFで置き換えられていてもよく;
同時に、3つの二座配位子は、式(1)のブリッジとは別に、更なるブリッジにより閉環してクリプテートを形成していてもよい) - 金属が、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、錫、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン、レニウム、ルテニウム、オスミウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金、銅、銀、および金からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 二座副配位子が各々モノアニオン性であること、選択された3つの二座副配位子が同一であるか、または選択された2つの二座副配位子が同一であり、かつ選択された3つめの二座副配位子が最初の2つの二座副配位子とは異なるかのどちらかであること、および二座副配位子の中で配位原子が、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、C、Nおよび/またはOから選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 金属がIr(III)であること、および二座副配位子の2つが各々、1つの炭素原子と1つの窒素原子を介して、または2つの炭素原子を介して、イリジウムに配位しており、かつ、3つめの二座副配位子が、1つの炭素原子と1つの窒素原子を介して、または2つの炭素原子を介して、または2つの窒素原子を介して、または1つの窒素原子と1つの酸素原子を介して、または2つの酸素原子を介して、イリジウムに配位していることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 二座副配位子が、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、式(L−1)、(L−2)、(L−3)および(L−4)の構造から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
CyCは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、所望により置換されている、5〜14個の芳香族環原子を有し、1つの炭素原子を介して金属に配位し、かつ、共有結合を介してCyDに結合している、アリールもしくはヘテロアリール基であり;
CyDは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、所望により置換されている、5〜14個の芳香族環原子を有し、1つの窒素原子を介して、もしくは1つのカルベン炭素原子を介して金属に配位し、かつ、共有結合を介してCyCに結合している、ヘテロアリール基であり;
同時に、2つ以上の任意の置換基が共に環系を形成していてもよい) - CyCが、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、式(CyC−1)〜(CyC−20)の構造から選択され、
そして、CyDが、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、式(CyD−1)〜(CyD−14)の構造から選択され、
さらに、CyCとCyDで使用された記号は以下の通りである:
Rは、請求項1に記載された定義を有し;
Xは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、CRまたはNであり、但し、環あたり最大で2つの記号XはNであり;
Wは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、NR、OまたはSであり;
同時に、これらの基は、式中で「o」と印を付けた位置を介して、式(1)のブリッジに結合しており、また対応する記号XがCであることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の化合物。 - 化合物が、隣接する炭素原子に結合しており、共に式(34)〜(40)の1つの環を形成している、2つの置換基RもしくはR’を有していることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
A1、A3は、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、C(R3)2、O、S、NR3またはC(=O)であり;
A2は、C(R1)2、O、S、NR3またはC(=O)であり;
Gは、1、2もしくは3つの炭素原子を有し、かつ、1つ以上のラジカルR2で置換されていてもよいアルキレン基、−CR2=CR2−、または5〜14個の芳香族環原子を有し、かつ、1つ以上のラジカルR2で置換されていてもよい、オルト結合された、アリーレンもしくはヘテロアリーレン基であり;
R3は、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、H、D、F、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する、直鎖の、アルキルもしくはアルコキシ基、3〜10個の炭素原子を有する、分枝状もしくは環状の、アルキルもしくはアルコキシ基(ここで、アルキルもしくはアルコキシ基は、各々の場合において、1つ以上のラジカルR2により置換されていてもよく、またここで、1つ以上の非隣接の基CH2は、R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)2、C=O、NR2、O、S、もしくはCONR2で置き換えられていてもよい)、または5〜24個の芳香族環原子を有し、かつ、各々の場合において、1つ以上のラジカルR2により置換されていてもよい、芳香族もしくはヘテロ芳香族の環系、または5〜24個の芳香族環原子を有し、かつ、各々の場合において、1つ以上のラジカルR2により置換されていてもよい、アリールオキシもしくはヘテロアリールオキシ基であり;同時に、同じ炭素原子に結合された2つのラジカルR3は、共に、脂肪族もしくは芳香族の環系を形成し、このためスピロ系を形成していてもよく;さらに、R3は、隣接するラジカルRもしくはR1と共に、脂肪族環系を形成してもよく;
但し、これらの基における2つのヘテロ原子が直接互いに結合されていないこと、および2つの基C=Oが互いに直接結合されていないことを条件する) - 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物を1つ以上含む、ポリマー、オリゴマーまたはデンドリマーであって、オリゴマー、ポリマーまたはデンドリマーへの1つ以上の化合物の結合が、1つ以上の、水素原子および/または置換基に代えて、存在することを特徴とする、ポリマー、オリゴマーまたはデンドリマー。
- 少なくとも1つの、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または少なくとも1つの、請求項12項に記載の、オリゴマー、ポリマーもしくはデンドリマーと、少なくとも1つの溶剤とを含んでなる調合物。
- 1つ以上の、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物の、または請求項12項に記載の、オリゴマー、ポリマーもしくはデンドリマーの、電子素子中での、または光触媒としての、もしくは酸素増感剤としての使用。
- 少なくとも1つの、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物、または少なくとも1つの、請求項12項に記載の、オリゴマー、ポリマーもしくはデンドリマーを含んでなる電子素子。
- 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であり、かつ、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物が、1つ以上の発光層中の発光性化合物として、または正孔ブロック層中の正孔ブロック材料として、または電子輸送層中の電子輸送材料として使用されていることを特徴とする請求項15項に記載の電子素子。
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