JP2014036893A - サンプル上の複数の地点を同時に照射し検出することによって光学画像生成を実行する構成、装置、内視鏡、カテーテル、及び方法 - Google Patents
サンプル上の複数の地点を同時に照射し検出することによって光学画像生成を実行する構成、装置、内視鏡、カテーテル、及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】具体的には、特別に構成された導波路装置を利用することにより、生物学的サンプルを照射するべく意図された複数のビームに電磁放射をスプリットさせると共に、固有の関連する特性をビームのそれぞれに付与可能である。ビームは、個別の場所において生物学的サンプルを照射すると共に、固有の関連する特性をビームのそれぞれに付与するためのものであってよい。更には、ファイバに沿って伝播するビームの個別の関連する特性を変更し、これにより、サンプル上の個別の場所の特性を変更するために、ファイバの中の少なくとも1つ及びファイバへの入力を制御するべく構成された制御装置を提供可能である。
【選択図】図6
Description
(関連出願に対する相互参照)
本出願は、2004年11月29日付で出願された米国特許出願第60/631,539号に基づいており、この出願に伴う優先権の利益を主張するものであり、この開示内容は、そのすべてが、本引用により、本明細書に包含されている。
本発明によるシステムの模範的な実施例の側部概略図が図4及び図5に示されている。例えば、それぞれの装置は、放射源400、500、(サンプル460、560に入射する)サンプル経路及び(基準410、510に入射する)基準経路、並びに、検出器470、570を包含可能である。図4のカテーテル430は、カテーテルの遠端に複数スポット生成(Multiple Spot Generating:MSG)装置440を有する単一の光ファイバ435を包含可能である。或いは、この代わりに、図5のように、MSG装置580をカテーテル530の近端に配置することにより、光ファイバアレイ535を照射することも可能である。この結果、サンプル460、560上の複数の地点450、550が照射されることになる。
本発明によるMSG装置の模範的な一実施例の概略図の拡大図が図6に示されている。光ファイバ600から放射されたビームを、ミラートンネル又は光導波路630、640への入力において、レンズ610によって1つのスポットに合焦することによって発散させている。ミラートンネルの反対側の端部650に位置するレンズにより、1次元のラインに沿って仮想的な光源又はビームを描いている。光は、サンプル660から反射し、その共役経路に沿って戻ることになる。この本発明による光学システムの模範的な実施例は、ファイバの開口に起因したぼやけた光の共焦点拒絶(confocal rejection)を提供している。
1.レンズ610:GRIN、円筒形、平凸、凸凸、ドラム、ボール、非球面、複合要素。非対称ホログラフィック拡散器
2.ミラー630および/または640:誘電体、無指向性ミラー、コーティングされていない金属
3.ミラー動作メカニズム635:圧電トランスデューサ、カンチレバー
4.レンズ650:GRIN(OCT)、平凸、凸凸、ドラム、ボール、非球面、複合要素(共焦点)
図6を参照して前述した模範的な2ミラーシステムは、共役対称性を具備している。両方のミラーが、同期しており、且つ、同一の変調周波数を具備している場合には、同一次数の正の及び負のビームは、同一のドップラーシフトを具備可能である。正及び負の次数の弁別は、2つのミラー630、640を異なる位相によって変調すると共に、位相感知検出を実行することによって実現可能である。或いは、この代わりに、それぞれのミラーの異なる周波数による変調による周波数インターリンビングにより、それぞれの正及び負の次数を弁別することも可能である。
1.2ミラー(N=2)装置は、ビームの1次元アレイを生成可能である。
2.三角ミラートンネル(N=3)は、ビームの2次元六角形アレイを生成可能である。
3.矩形アレイ(N=4)は、ビームの直線アレイを生成可能である。
4.更に高次の次数(N=5、6)は、更に複雑な2次元パターンを生成可能である。
5.円筒形導波路は、サンプル上に複数次数のリングを生成可能である。
10μmのミラーの間隔(d)、2.0mmのミラーの長さ(L)、及び100°の入力発散角を使用することにより、本発明の模範的な実施例を使用して合計520地点を同時に照射し検出することが可能である。0.997のミラー反射率を仮定した場合には、走査エッジにおける最大二重通過蓄積損失は、6.0dBとなろう。より大きな角度において最大反射を提供する誘電体コーティングを指定することにより、この損失を極小化可能である。
例えば、SECMの低速走査軸を提供するSECMとの関連においてN=2構成を使用可能である。又、模範的な(N=2を有する)MSG装置を使用することにより、内視鏡共焦点顕微鏡法の高速走査軸を提供することも可能である。1つの有益な選択肢は、N>2構成の使用であり、これは、完全な2次元走査を提供可能である。
サンプル上の(2M+1)個のピクセルごとにクロストークが発生可能である。M個のミラーを変調することにより、クロストーク周波数のインターリービングを実現可能である。クロストークは、サンプル上の(2M++)照射スポット間に存在しているため、Nを増加させると共にすべてのN=M個のミラーを変調することにより、N及びMの増大と共にクロストークチャネルの間隔を増大可能である。例えば、N=M=2の場合には、クロストークは、互いから4スポット直径だけ離れたスポットにおいて発生する。N=Mが3に増大した場合には、互いから6直径だけ離れたスポットにおいてクロストークが発生する。又、スポット間の間隔を増大するか、或いは、ミラートンネルの1/Nを照射すると共に1つのミラーのみを変調することにより、クロストークを低減することも可能である。
MSGの照射が模範的なMSG装置の中心に位置している際には、同一の周波数シフト及び経路長変動がMSGの中心の周りに対称的に発生する。スポット次数の曖昧さを回避するべく、これらの対称性のプレーンを破壊しなければならない。この対称性を破壊するための1つの方法は、中心からわずかにオフセットされた場所においてMSG装置を照射する方法である。この対称性を破壊する別の方法は、わずかに異なる長さ又は角度のミラーを利用する方法であろう。
前述の説明においては、サンプル上に複数のスポットを生成するべく、中空のミラーに基づいた導波路の使用法について説明した。本発明の模範的な代替実施例は、シリコン/ガラス/水晶導波路を使用可能であり、これは、自己結像効果を生成することにもなろう。又、導波路は、電気光学材料を包含することも可能であろう。この場合には、異なるスポット次数の位相を独立的に変調するように、水晶に印加された電圧によって異常及び正常屈折率を変更することになる。この構成は、物理的にミラーの距離を変調するのと同一の効果をもつことが可能である。
標準的な軸方向(深度)優先走査OCTの場合には、MSG装置を使用することにより、OCTプローブ内において低速走査軸を提供可能である。これにより、OCTプローブの遠端における画像生成が可能となり、この結果、カテーテル/内視鏡プローブの近端から遠端に動きを変換するべくケーブルを使用した際に見出される束縛及びNURD(Non−Uniform Rotational Defect:非均一回転欠陥)などのアーチファクトを除去可能である。
(図7の模範的なMSG装置の拡大概略図に示されているように)方向が空間的に変化している格子760を内蔵することにより、不均一な動きを除去し、円周OCT画像生成を実現可能である。この格子は、ドップラーエンコーディングされたビームのライン又は2次元のアレイを取得し、このパターンを円770にマッピングしている。この模範的な技法の適用は、冠状動脈のOCT画像生成用に望ましいであろう。MSG装置による円周画像生成を実現する本発明の別の模範的な実施例においては、図7のカスタム格子760の代わりにヘリカルミラーを挿入している。
図8に示されているように、本発明によるMSG装置の別の模範的な実施例は、それぞれのファイバに別個のドップラー周波数が付与されるように構成されたスターカプラ810又は複数のファイバ820に提供された単一ファイバ入力800を包含可能である。これらのドップラー周波数は、圧電ファイバストレッチャ、電気光学変調器、又は音響光学変調器830を使用して適用可能である。次いで、それぞれの個別のファイバを導いて遠端オプティクス855によってサンプル850上の単一スポットに合焦し、それぞれの固有のスポットを周波数によってエンコード可能である。
横断走査メカニズムを考慮していない本発明によるOCT又は共焦点画像生成と共に使用される別の模範的な実施例においては、(図9に示されているように)1次元又は2次元のファイバアレイ935を使用可能である(この場合には、それぞれのファイバ内の光の位相を制御可能であろう(930又は960))。それぞれのファイバ内の光の位相を制御するための構成は、個別のファイバの機械的な操作(例えば、圧電トランスデューサ)又はアレイの入力における(例えば、液晶空間光変調器を介した)それぞれのファイバの位相制御を包含可能である。それぞれの個別チャネルの位相を制御することにより、それぞれのファイバからの出力は、サンプル上において1つ又は複数の焦点950を生成するべく、その他のファイバからの出力と干渉可能であり、次いで、これを走査可能である。カテーテル/内視鏡の端部のファイバ束の遠端面に回折オプティクス又はヘリカルミラーを挿入することにより、円周走査を実施可能である。
ヘテロダイン検出を使用することによって高感度を実現可能である。基準アーム410が変調されると、サンプルアーム及び基準アームからの光の干渉も変調されることになる。この結果、基準アームの変調周波数上におけるロックイン検出により、大きな信号対雑音比を実現可能である。MSGを通じて伝播したそれぞれの異なる経路長の結果として様々なスポット次数における様々なスペクトル干渉縞周波数を検出するSD−OCTやOFDIなどの周波数ドメイン法を利用することも可能である。
Claims (30)
- 少なくとも1つの電磁放射を伝播させるべく適合された装置において、
生物学的サンプルを照射するべく意図された複数のビームに前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射をスプリットさせると共に、固有の関連する特性を前記ビームのそれぞれに付与するべく特別に構成された導波路装置を備えたことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記導波路装置は、マルチモード導波路、マルチモード光ファイバ、及びミラートンネルの中の少なくとも1つである請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射を受光すると共に、前記導波路装置内、及びその近傍の中の少なくとも一方に第1放射を生成する第1照射手段と、
前記第1放射に基づいて少なくとも1つの第2放射を受光する第2照射手段と、
を更に有する請求項1記載の装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つの第2放射は、前記第1放射の近似である請求項3記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第2放射は、サンプル上の1つ又は複数の個別の場所において提供される請求項3記載の装置。
- 前記第1照射手段は、光ファイバを含んでいる請求項3記載の装置。
- 前記第1照射手段は、レンズを更に含んでいる請求項6記載の装置。
- 前記ビームの前記固有の関連する特性を変更するために、前記導波路装置を制御するべく構成された更なる装置を更に有する請求項3記載の装置。
- 前記固有の関連する特性は、前記個別のビームの経路長及び位相の中の少なくとも一方を含んでいる請求項8記載の装置。
- 前記更なる装置は、前記導波路装置の構造的な特性を変更することによって前記導波路装置を制御する請求項8記載の装置。
- 前記導波路装置の構造的な特性の変更は、前記導波路装置の断面との関係に対して非対称なものである請求項10記載の装置。
- 前記更なる装置は、前記導波路装置の光学特性を変更することによって前記導波路装置を制御する請求項8記載の装置。
- 前記光学特性は、屈折率を含んでいる請求項11記載の装置。
- 前記第2照射手段は、前記第2放射を前記サンプル上に既定のパターンとして生成するべく構成された更なる照射手段を含んでいる請求項11記載の装置。
- 前記既定のパターンは、略円形である請求項14記載の装置。
- 前記導波路装置は、前記ビームを伝達するべく構成された複数のファイバを含んでいる請求項5記載の装置。
- 前記ファイバに沿って伝播する前記ビームの前記固有の関連する特性を変更し、これにより、前記サンプル上の前記個別の場所における前記特性を変更するために、前記ファイバの中の少なくとも1つ又は前記ファイバへの入力を制御するべく構成された制御装置を更に有する請求項16記載の装置。
- 前記サンプルから反射された第3放射が前記導波路装置を通じて返送され、該第2放射は前記第2放射に基づいている請求項5記載の装置。
- 基準に対して伝達することを意図した前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射の一部を伝播させるべく構成された基準アーム部を更に有する請求項18記載の装置。
- 前記第3放射と前記基準アームから戻された第4放射を合成して干渉放射を生成する第1装置と、
前記干渉放射を検出するべく構成された第2装置と、
前記干渉放射に基づいて前記サンプル上の前記個別の場所から戻された前記第3放射に対応するデータを生成するべく構成された第3装置と、
を更に有する請求項19記載の装置。 - 処理装置は、前記データに基づいて前記サンプルの少なくとも一部分の画像を生成するべく更に構成されている請求項20記載の装置。
- 前記第2放射に基づいた前記サンプルから反射された第3放射を受光するべく適合された放射受光手段を更に有する請求項5記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射は、チューニング可能な中心波長を具備した狭帯域光源によって生成される請求項3記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射は、広帯域光源によって生成され、前記第2放射と関連付けられた前記サンプルから反射された第3放射と、前記基準アームセクションから戻された更なる放射が、互いに干渉すると共に、分光計装置によって受光されるべく適合されている請求項23記載の装置。
- 前記導波路装置を収容するプローブを更に有する請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記プローブは、カテーテル、内視鏡、又は腹腔鏡の中の少なくとも1つである請求項25記載の装置。
- 前記構成は、プローブ、内視鏡、又はカテーテルの中の少なくとも1つである請求項1記載の装置。
- 少なくとも1つの電磁放射を伝播させるべく適合された装置において、
個別の場所において生物学的サンプルを照射するべく意図された複数のビームに前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射を分離すると共に、固有の関連する特性を前記ビームのそれぞれに付与するべく特別に構成された導波路装置であって、前記ビームを伝達するべく構成された複数のファイバを含む導波路装置と、
前記ファイバに沿って伝播する前記ビームの前記固有の関連する特性を変更し、これにより、前記サンプル上の前記個別の場所の前記特性を変更するために、前記ファイバの中の少なくとも1つ及び前記ファイバへの入力を制御するべく構成された制御装置と、
を備えたことを特徴とする装置。 - 少なくとも1つの電磁放射を伝播させるべく適合された装置において、
単一の場所において生物学的なサンプルを照射するべく意図された複数のビームに前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射を分離するべく特別に構成された導波路装置であって、前記ビームを伝達するべく構成された複数のファイバを有する導波路装置と、
前記ファイバに沿って伝播する前記ビームの固有の関連する特性の中の少なくとも1つを変更し、これにより、前記サンプル上の前記単一の場所を照射するために、前記ファイバの中の少なくとも1つ及び前記ファイバへの入力を制御するべく構成された制御装置であって、前記単一の場所は、前記ビームの前記固有の関連する特性によって判定される、制御装置と、
を備えたことを特徴とする装置。 - 少なくとも1つの電磁放射を伝播させる方法において、
導波路装置を使用して生物学的なサンプルを照射するべく意図された複数のビームに前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射を分離する段階であって、前記導波路装置は、固有の関連する特性を前記ビームのそれぞれに付与するべく特別に構成されている段階を備えたことを特徴とする方法。
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2005
- 2005-11-29 US US11/288,994 patent/US8922781B2/en active Active
- 2005-11-29 WO PCT/US2005/043951 patent/WO2006058346A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-11-29 EP EP05826091A patent/EP1816949A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-29 JP JP2007543626A patent/JP2008521516A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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2013
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2014
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- 2014-12-29 US US14/584,474 patent/US20150116726A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2001515382A (ja) * | 1997-03-06 | 2001-09-18 | マサチューセッツ インスティチュート オブ テクノロジー | 生体組織の光学走査用機器 |
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EP1816949A1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
US20060114473A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
WO2006058346A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
US8922781B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
JP2008521516A (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
JP2014237042A (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
US20150116726A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
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