JP2007502690A - 神経毒を使用して喘息を処置するための装置および方法 - Google Patents

神経毒を使用して喘息を処置するための装置および方法 Download PDF

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JP2007502690A
JP2007502690A JP2006533091A JP2006533091A JP2007502690A JP 2007502690 A JP2007502690 A JP 2007502690A JP 2006533091 A JP2006533091 A JP 2006533091A JP 2006533091 A JP2006533091 A JP 2006533091A JP 2007502690 A JP2007502690 A JP 2007502690A
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マーク イー. ディーム,
ハンソン エス. ギフォード,
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Abstract

喘息の影響を制御するための神経毒の気管支内送達を提供する装置が、提供される。この装置は、シャフトと、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリとを、備える。このシャフトは、近位端と遠位端とを備える。この神経毒アプリケータアセンブリは、このシャフトの遠位端に配置されている。この神経毒アプリケータアセンブリは、展開可能な針アセンブリ、回転針アセンブリ、針なし注射アセンブリ、ネブライザアセンブリ、または微小孔チップを包含する。さらなる実施形態は、喘息に対抗する薬物の1つ以上の層を有する、薬物溶出生体吸収性ステントを備える装置を包含する。

Description

(発明の分野)
本発明は、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリを使用する、神経毒の制御送達により喘息を処置するための装置に関する。
(発明の背景)
肺は、気管から下側に生じる、次第に小さくなる気管支分岐から構成される。気管および近位気管支は、U字型の内部軟骨層を取り囲む筋膜外層からなる管腔であり、そのU字の開口部分は、平滑筋がまたがっている。その軟骨層の内側には、膠原性弾性層および最も内側の上皮層がある。粘液分泌性の杯細胞と、輸送線毛細胞が、これらの内部層内に分散している。
気管支が分岐して小さくなると、上記軟骨層は、U字型から不規則な形状および螺旋形状へと変化する。さらに、上記平滑筋層は、気管支の外周全体を取り囲む螺旋状の帯となり、上記杯細胞は、数が次第に減少し、上記線毛細胞は、より小さくなり数が少なくなる。ほとんどの遠位気管支において、外部軟骨層は、完全に消失し、上記平滑筋層は、最も外側の層となり、杯細胞および線毛塞翁は、完全に消失する。
喘息は、気管支の複合疾患であり、アレルギー、ストレス、および環境要因に対する気道の過剰応答性によって特徴付けられる。環境要因としては、刺激物質(例えば、汚染物質)および非アレルギー性要因(例えば、冷気への暴露)が挙げられる。気道の過剰応答性は、気管支全体の急性狭窄を生じて、肺を通る気流を減少し、呼吸を弱め、肺胞におけるガス交換を限定する。上記気管支の狭窄は、3つの基本的な特徴的生理応答((1)平滑筋収縮;(2)粘液産生の増加;および(3)動脈拡張と動脈透過性の増加とにより引き起こされる浮腫)の結果である。これらの生理応答についての誘発気候は、身体の炎症応答系の一部である。
制御されていない慢性の喘息は、気管支壁自体に対する構造変化をもたらし得る。平滑筋肥厚は、気管支壁の平滑筋成分の肥厚をもたらす。気道上皮と平滑筋層との間に存在する上皮下膠原層の肥厚は、気管支壁の進行的強固化をもたらす。研究により、気道壁の強固化は、所定の喘息が発作するための気道のより顕著な狭窄をもたらすことが、示されている。このことは、平滑筋層の収縮に応答して粘膜層が折り畳む能力の変化に起因する。
最近、神経毒の制御注射が、骨格筋痙攣を制御するための一般的な手順になっている。この手順のために頻繁に使用される神経毒は、ボツリヌス毒素血清型A(Allergan,Inc.によりBotoxTMとして市販されている)である。ボツリヌス毒素は、標的筋肉の収縮を制御する神経からの神経伝達物質の放出をブロックする。ボツリヌス毒素についての多くの適用が、提唱および/または臨床試験されており、その適用としては、頚部失調症、眉間皺線の美容的軽減、および脳性麻痺に関連する震えが挙げられる。最近、ボツリヌス毒素は、発汗過多(顕著な発汗)および過流涎の軽減のための臨床研究の対象となっている。これらの研究は、ボツリヌス毒素が、コリン作動性副交感神経および大骨格筋群の作用を制御するために使用され得ることを示す。最近の知見により、神経毒(例えば、ボツリヌス毒素)が喘息発作における主要な気道狭窄機構のうちのいくつか(特に、平滑筋収縮および杯細胞からの粘液の過剰分泌)を制御する能力が明らかとなっている。さらに、喘息の炎症応答のうちのいくらかは、ボツリヌス毒素が阻害する神経伝達物質の放出によって刺激されるという証拠が、存在する。このことにより、ボツリヌス毒素はまた、炎症周期自体を軽減するように作用し得る可能性が、明らかとなる。
喘息の制御のための神経毒の使用は、Firstに対する米国特許第6,063,768号に記載され、この米国特許において、喘息は、神経毒(例えば、ボツリヌス毒素)の作用を介して制御され得る一群の神経性炎症障害中に含まれているが、この米国特許は、そのように制御するために使用される方法も装置も記載していない。Sandersに対するより先行する特許である米国特許第5,788,605号は、喘息およびCOPDを処置するためのボツリヌス毒素の使用を記載する。この特許はまた、ボツリヌス毒素が、エアロゾル化されて肺に導入され得ることを記載する。喘息に関連するボツリヌス毒素のさらなる言及が、Redwan Moqbel博士の業績を記載したUniversit of Albertaによる2003年2月7日付けの報道発表に提供されている。この発表は、Moqbel博士らが、喘息発作を生じる炎症カスケードを好酸球が活性化して開始するのを防止するための神経毒素(破傷風毒素およびボツリヌス毒素)の可能な使用を研究中であることに言及している。
肺に導入するために神経毒を単にエアロゾル化することは可能であり得るが、従来の吸入手段を介して患者にその神経毒を導入することは、口、舌、喉頭蓋、声帯などを神経毒の作用に暴露し、明らかな有害な結果を伴うことを意味する。望ましい組織に神経毒をより制御して直接適用することが、安全かつ有効な治療のために必要である。
従って、患者の気管支気道内の標的処置領域に神経毒を制御送達することを可能にする装置を提供することが、望ましい。
患者の気管支壁への神経毒の制御注射を可能にする装置を提供することもまた、望ましい。
患者の気管支気道内において針の存在に関連する生じ得る合併症を排除するために、針なし注射装置を提供することが、さらに望ましい。
さらに、患者の気管支気道内の標的処置領域への神経毒の適用を可能にする装置を提供することが、望ましい。
さらに、種々の疾患を処置するための移植可能な薬物溶出デバイスもまた、開発されている。例としては、薬物溶出冠状ステント(例えば、臨床試験中のステント、ならびにBoston ScientificおよびCordis Corporationなどの会社から市販されているステント)が、挙げられる。薬物送達のための生体吸収性デバイスが、同様に企図されており、それは、例えば、Synecor,Inc.(最近Guidantにより獲得された)により開発中のデバイス、ならびに多数の大学および病院を基盤としは開発努力により開発中のデバイスである。そのような努力の例は、Blindtら、Development of a New Biodegradable Intravascular Polymer Stent with Simultaneous Incorporation of Bioactive Substances,Int’l J.Artif.Organs,22(12):843〜853(1998)およびTsujiら、Biodegradable Stents as a Platform to Drug Loading,Int’l J.Cardio.Interv.,13〜16(2003)において提供される。
生分解性ステントの他の使用としては、前立腺肥大の処置後の尿道の開存性を回復すること、および肺腫瘍によるインピンジメント後の気管支気道の開存性を維持することが、挙げられる。種々の疾患の処置のための神経毒の制御放出のための、生分解性移植物および非生分解性移植物が、米国特許第6,306,423号、同第6,506,399号、および同第6,383,509号に記載される。さらに、米国特許第5,766,605号は、自律神経機能不全を処置するための神経毒の使用を記載し、この記載には、喘息および慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)を処置することに関する具体的な特許請求の範囲が含まれる。さらに、米国特許出願公開番号2002/0082197は、粘液分泌疾患(例えば、喘息およびCOPD)を処置するための神経毒の使用を記載し、WO00/10598も同様に記載する。
患者の気管支の気道内の標的処置領域に、喘息に対抗する薬物の、持続投薬または周期的投薬を提供する、移植可能な装置を提供することが、さらに望ましい。
(発明の要旨)
上記のことを考慮して、本発明の目的は、神経毒の、患者の気管支気道内の標的処置領域への制御された送達を可能にする装置を提供することである。
神経毒を、患者の気管支壁内へと制御された注射することを可能にする装置を提供することが、本発明のさらなる目的である。
患者の気管支気道内での、針の存在に関連する潜在的な合併症を排除するために、針なし注射装置を提供することが、本発明のさらなる目的である。
患者の気管支気道内の標的処置領域への、神経毒の塗布を可能にする装置を提供することが、本発明の別の目的である。
患者の気管支気道内の標的処置領域への、喘息に対抗する薬物の持続された投薬または周期的な投薬を提供する、移植可能な装置を提供することが、本発明のなおさらなる目的である。
本発明のこれらおよび他の目的は、喘息の影響を低下させるために、患者の気管支気道内の標的処置領域への、神経毒の制御された送達のための、気管支内神経毒送達システムを提供することによって、達成される。神経毒を、気管支気道に導入することによって、非常に応答性の平滑筋の層が無能にされ、そして粘膜の分泌過多が制御される。
本発明の第一の局面に従って、気管支内神経毒送達システムは、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリを備える。この神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの遠位端は、針チップ、回転針アセンブリ、針なし注射アセンブリ、ネブライザ、または微小孔チップを備える。アプリケータのこの実施形態および以下の全ての実施形態は、標準的な気管支鏡を通してかもしくはこの気管支鏡と協働して働くように設計され得るか、または気道に接近し、そして処置するための、独立型システムに組み込まれ得る。
本発明のこの局面に従って、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリは、液体神経毒供給源と流体連絡する管腔を有する、細長シャフトを備える。このシャフトの遠位端は、1つ以上の針を備え、これらの針は、気管支鏡の管腔内に配置される場合に半径方向に収縮するが、患者の気管支壁に貫入し、そして少量の神経毒を注射するために拡張し得るように、予め形成されている。
あるいは、この神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの遠位端は、回転針アセンブリを保有し得、このアセンブリは、ホイールの周囲に沿って配置された複数の針を備え、その結果、このホイールは、標的処置領域にわたって転がり得る。必要に応じて、この回転針アセンブリは、標的処置領域に実質的に対向する気管支壁の部分を保護するための、フェンダーを備え得る。
別の代替の実施形態において、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの遠位端は、針なし注射アセンブリを備え得、このアセンブリは、神経毒を、気管支壁へと、針の貫入なしで注射するために使用され得る。膨張可能なバルーンが、必要に応じて提供されて、この針なし注射アセンブリのポートの、標的処置領域に近接した位置決めを補助し得る。
さらなる代替の実施形態において、この神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの遠位端は、噴霧器を有するネブライザアセンブリを備え、この噴霧器は、液体神経毒を、標的処置領域に方向付けられる微細なスプレーまたはミストに転換する。このミストの粒子サイズは、注射圧力、あるいは処置デバイスに近接するかまたはこのデバイスの下流の肺の特定の部分に接近するような噴霧器ヘッド設計を使用して、制御され得る。膨張可能なバルーンが、必要に応じて提供されて、この噴霧器の、標的処置領域に近接した位置決めを容易にし得、そしてさらに、このデバイスの下流の肺セグメントを隔離して、気道の所望で内部分へのこのミストの還流を防止し得る。さらに、管腔が、必要に応じて、これらのバルーンと噴霧器との間に配置されて、通気システムを提供し得、この通気システムは、処置領域の圧力制御を可能にして、バルーンが収縮される前に、肺の過剰な膨張、噴霧された流体の混合、および処置の終了時に残るミストの排出を防止する。
なおさらなる実施形態において、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの遠位端は、シャフトの関節運動可能な領域を備え、この領域は、微細構成チップを備え、このチップは、管腔を通って遠位端から出る、喘息に対抗する溶液の流れを媒介する。
本発明の別の局面に従って、気管支内神経毒送達システムは、薬物放出生体吸収性ステントを備え、このステントは、喘息に対抗する薬物の1つ以上の層を備える。
本発明の上記目的および他の目的、ならびに上記利点および他の利点は、添付の図面と組み合わせて、以下の詳細な説明の考慮の際に、明らかになる。図において、類似の参照文字は、全体で類似の部品を表す。
(発明の詳細な説明)
図1を参照して、喘息の影響を低下させるための、患者の気管支気道内の標的処置領域への、神経毒の制御された送達のための装置が記載される。好ましくは、この装置は、気管支鏡10および神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ20を備える。気管支鏡10は、近位端12、遠位端13、および管腔14を有する。従来のように、気管支鏡10はまた、患者の肺の内部を照射するための光源、および外科医が患者の肺の内部を見ることを可能にする光学部品(例えば、小型カメラ)を備える。あるいは、気管支鏡10は、これらの光源および光学部品を省略し得、そしてその代わりに、外側シースを備え得る。この後者の場合において、デバイス10および神経毒アプリケータ20は、別個の従来の気管支鏡を使用して、または神経毒アプリケータ20内に組み込まれた光源および光学部品を介して、観察される。
本発明の原理に従って、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ20(これの種々の例示的な実施形態が、本明細書中以下に記載される)は、外科医が、制御された用量の神経毒を、患者の肺における選択された標的部位へ、またはこの部位の内部に、選択的に投与することを可能にする。より具体的には、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ20は、神経毒(例えば、ボツリヌス毒素、血清型A)を標的処置領域に送達するために、気管支鏡10の管腔14を通して、選択的に進められ得る。
神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ20は、シャフト21および管腔25を備え、このシャフトは、その近位端において、ハンドル22に連結されており、そしてその遠位端23において、神経毒アプリケータ24を有する。管腔25は、近位端とハンドル22とアプリケータ24との間に流体連絡を提供する。プランジャー27を有するシリンジ26が、近位端22のポートに連結される。シリンジ26は、プランジャー27が作動される場合に、液体形態の神経毒を満たされ、そしてこの神経毒を、管腔25を介してアプリケータ24へと適用する。
ハンドル22は、外科医が、アプリケータ24を、気管支鏡10の管腔14内から伸長させ、そして収縮させること、および気管支鏡10の光学部品を使用して直接目視により観察しながら、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ20の遠位端23を操作することを可能にする。この神経毒アプリケータアセンブリは、好ましくは、患者の気管支気道内へのカテーテルの挿入の間に、この気管支鏡の管腔14内に引き込まれたままであり、そして一旦、このアプリケータが所望の位置に来ると、展開される。あるいは、アプリケータ20は、保持シースの内側に収容され得、そして両方のユニットが、管腔14を通して一緒に進められ得る。
ここで図2〜3を参照して、本発明の原理に従って構築された神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ20のアプリケータ24の第一の例示的な実施形態が、記載される。アプリケータ24は、少なくとも1つの針30を有する針アセンブリ28を備え、この針は、管腔25と流体連絡している。これらの針は、気道上皮に貫入し、そして少量の神経毒を、シリンジから、気管支の壁Bのコラーゲン性の平滑筋層内へと送達するように、構成される。
図3Aにおいて、針アセンブリ28は、気管支鏡10の管腔14とともに、引き込まれて図示される。あるいは、デバイス10は、外側シースを備え得、この外側シースは、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ10を滑動可能に受容するような寸法にされ、そして針アセンブリ28を露出させるために、選択的に引き込み可能である。再度、デバイス10が外側シースである場合、可視化は、別個の気管支鏡を介して、または組み込まれた光学部品を介して、達成され得る。さらなる実施形態において、管腔14に収容され、そしてアプリケータ20を覆う保持シースが、針アセンブリ28を露出させるために、選択的に引き込み可能である。図3Bに図示されるように、針30は、予め形成された形状を保持し得る材料(例えば、ニッケル−チタン)を含み、そして気管支鏡10の遠位端13(または存在する場合、外側シースの遠位端)を越えて伸張される場合に、半径方向外向きに曲がるように、予め形成される。各針30は、必要に応じて、鍔状部36を備え、この鍔状部は、この針の遠位端から予め選択された距離で配置され、この針のチップの、気管支壁内への貫入の深さを制御する。
図2および3Bに図示されるように、針アセンブリ30が展開される場合、針30は、気管支壁Bの標的組織領域Tに貫入し、その結果、神経毒が、この気管支壁に注入され得る。シリンジ26は、目盛を備え得、これによって、外科医が、予め決定された量の神経毒を、各標的処置領域において注射することを可能にする。
ここで、図4および5を参照して、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ20のアプリケータ24の代替の実施形態が、記載される。この実施形態におけるアプリケータ24は、回転針アセンブリ38を備え、この回転針アセンブリは、ハブ40の周りで回転するように取り付けられたホイール39を備える。ホイール39は、例示的に、円形であるが、このホイールは、代替的に、楕円形または六角形、あるいは他の多角形の形状を備え得る。複数の針41が、このホイールの外周の周りに配置されており、各針41が、ハブ40内の通路を介して管腔25と流体連絡する管腔42有する。任意のフェンダー45が、気管支壁の、標的処置領域に実質的に対向する部分を保護する。
図5Aにおいて、回転針アセンブリ38は、外側シース37内に引き込まれて示されている。外側シース37は、気管支鏡10の管腔14内にフィットするような寸法にされており、そして回転針アセンブリ38を露出するために、選択的に引き込まれ得る。あるいは、回転針アセンブリ38は、気管支鏡10の管腔14を通り、そしてチップを通過して延びる。この実施形態において、上記ホイールは、このシステムの挿入の間にこのホイールを覆う、引き込み可能な保護シースによって覆われる。図4および5Bにおいて、回転針アセンブリ38は、伸長位置で示されている。このように展開されると、ホイール39は、標的組織領域Tを横切って転がされ得、その結果、このホイールが針41を転がすにつれて、交互に、気管支壁Bに貫入し、そしてこの気管支壁Bに神経毒を注射する。
図2〜3の針アセンブリ28、および図4〜5の回転針アセンブリ38のために適切な針材料としては、形状記憶合金(例えば、ニッケルチタン合金)およびばねの性質を有するステンレス鋼合金が挙げられる。有利には、いずれの針アセンブリも、気管支壁への神経毒の直接の注射を可能にする。このことは、繊毛の輸送系が、神経毒を捕捉し、そしてこの神経毒を、潜在的に意図されない標的が神経毒に曝露され得る、呼吸系の他の領域(例えば、口腔咽頭部)に輸送することを防止し、そしてエアロゾル化された神経毒の不慮の吸入を防止する。
ここで図6および7を参照して、本発明の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリのアプリケータ24の別の代替の実施形態が、記載される。図6〜7のアプリケータ24は、針なし注射アセンブリ46を備え、このアセンブリは、加圧注射を使用して、神経毒を、近位の制御器から標的処置領域Tへと送達する。有利には、この針なし注射アセンブリは、針を繊細な気管支組織に近づけて導入する潜在的な合併症なしで、気道上皮を横切る神経毒の制御された導入を可能にし、そしてより低い輪郭のシステムを可能にし得る。
針なし注射アセンブリ46は、シャフト47を備え、このシャフトは、管腔25と流体連絡する少なくとも1つのポート48を備える。膨張可能なバルーン49が、必要に応じて、シャフト47に連結され得、そしてこのシャフトを、標的処置領域Tに近接させて位置決めするために、使用され得る。バルーン49は、シャフト47の管腔を通して導入される流体を用いて膨張される。このシャフトが標的処置領域と整列されると、加圧された気体のパルスが、予め決定された量の神経毒を、気道の壁を横切って、コラーゲン性の平滑筋層内へと注射するために使用され得る。
図7Aにおいて、バルーン49が収縮された針なし注射アセンブリ46が、気管支鏡10(または別の外側シース)の管腔14内に収容されて図示されている。図6および7Bは、ポート48を標的処置領域Tに併置して配置するためにバルーン49が膨張した、針なし注射アセンブリ46を示す。一旦、外科医が、針なし注射アセンブリ46の配置を(例えば、気管支鏡10の光学部品、X線、蛍光顕微鏡または他の適切な手段を使用する可視化によって)確認すると、(シリンジ26ではなく)神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ20の近位端に取り付けられた制御器が作動されて、所望の用量の神経毒を、気管支壁に送達する。バルーン49に対する代替として、このアセンブリは、気管支通路の対向する壁に対する位置に配置された、2つ以上の針なしシリンジを有し得る。例えば、これらのシリンジは、気管支壁の中心から離れるように、そのセクションを拡張するために、ばね付勢され得る。さらなる代替として、このアセンブリのシャフトは、予め湾曲されるか、または作動機構によって能動的に湾曲されて、注入器を、気管支通路の壁に対して押し付け得る。なお別の代替としては、ポート48を介する神経毒の低圧注射、浸出性のバルーンのアプリケータの作製が挙げられる。この場合には、上皮表面を横切る神経毒の輸送は、この神経毒の細胞エンドサイトーシスによって、達成される。
図8および9に関して、本発明に従って構成される、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリのアプリケータ24のなおさらなる代替の実施形態が、記載される。アプリケータ24は、シャフト55を有するネブライザアセンブリ50を備え、噴霧器51が、このシャフトの遠位端に配置されており、そして中心管腔25と流体連絡している。噴霧器51は、シリンジからの液体の神経毒を、微細スプレーまたはミストに変換する。このミストの粒子サイズは、ネブライザヘッドの設計を介して、またはこのミストの、標的セグメント内への貫入深さを制御する目的で、注射圧力を変化させることによって、制御され得る。
ネブライザアセンブリ50はまた、噴霧器51の近位でシャフト55に配置された、任意の膨張可能なバルーン52を備え得る。バルーン52の選択的な膨張は、エアロゾル化された神経毒が標的処置領域Tに直接スプレーされ得るような、噴霧器51の位置決めを可能にする。バルーン52はまた、処置領域を、肺の残りの部分から隔離し、ミストが意図されない領域に還流することを防止するように働く。図6〜7の実施形態についてと同様に、バルーン52は、シャフト55内の補助的な管腔を通して導入される流体を使用して、膨張され得る。
図9Aにおいて、ネブライザアセンブリ(収縮されたバルーン52を備える)は、気管支鏡10の管腔14内、または、管腔14内に滑動可能に受容可能な外側シース内に、配置される。あるいは、このネブライザアセンブリは、別個の送達シース内に挿入され得、気管支鏡が、別個にか、または光学部品および/もしくは操縦機構と一緒に、このネブライザアセンブリに組み立てられる。図8および9Bにおいて、ネブライザアセンブリ50は、管腔14(または存在する場合、外側シース)から展開されて、バルーン52が膨張された状態で図示されている。有利には、ネブライザアセンブリ50は、非常に小さい気管支通路にわたる寸法にされ得、そしてまた、肺の上流領域に神経毒を送達するために、使用され得る。
図9Aおよび9Bをさらに参照して、シャフト55はまた、必要に応じて、さらなる補助的な管腔を備え得、この管腔は、バルーンと噴霧器との間に配置された、入口ポート53および出口ポート54の管腔に連結される。入口ポート53は、標的処置領域の近くへの、気体(例えば、新鮮な空気)の導入を可能にし、一方で、出口ポート54は、噴霧された神経毒と混合された空気または気体が、除去されることを可能にする。従って、入口ポート53および出口ポート54は、標的処置領域Tに近接するかまたはこの領域の近くの組織が、噴霧された神経毒に不慮に曝露されることを防ぐ、通気システムを提供する。入口ポート53および出口ポート54は、さらに、隔離されたセグメントを能動的に膨張および収縮させるため、または単に、標的処置領域の近くの肺内の圧力を正常にするためのいずれかで、働く。制御ユニットが、ポート53および54の近位出口に接続されて、噴霧された神経毒を環境または患者に逃さずに、肺への気体の導入および肺からの気体の除去を制御し得る。
いくつかの実施形態に従って、ネブライザアセンブリは、一体化単離(isolation)バルーンおよびエアロゾル化先端を有する一方向先端偏向要素を有する単一の使い捨て可能光ファイバー単ユニットに構築され得る。神経毒含有キャニスターもまた、ネブライザアセンブリと一体的に提供され得る。有利には、このようなアセンブリは、声帯を越えて肺の中へと経鼻導入するのに適切なかなり低いプロフィールのユーザーフレンドリーなシステムを可能にする。
図10〜13に関して、本発明の神経毒アプリケータの別の代替の実施形態が記載される。この実施形態において、神経毒または他の治療薬物が、気管枝の内層への毒の半選択的な(sub−selective)適用を介して患者の気管枝紋理に送達される。アプリケータアセンブリは、気管枝鏡(図1の通り)の作業チャネルを通して挿入され得、そして患者に対して神経毒を含む溶液を肺の軌道の上皮表面上へ送るために使用され得る。
ここで、図10を参照して、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60は、近位シャフト62、バネ強化遠位セグメント64、および傾斜(beveled)遠位先端66を備え、この遠位先端は、喘息に対抗する溶液のために局所アプリケータとして機能する微小孔フィルターを備える。遠位セグメント64は、好ましくは、種々の曲率半径を有する無限の数の構成に屈曲可能である。さらに、遠位先端66のねじれ回転は、近位シャフト62に適用されるトルクに応答して提供される。示される実施形態において、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60は、ワイヤ編組強化管を備え、この管は、高い破裂強度および良好なトルク応答性という所望の特性を提供し、ニッケル−チタン合金から形成され得る。
図11A〜11Cを参照して、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60の湾曲した遠位セグメント64は、気管枝鏡70の先端から延びる。神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60は、好ましくは、気管枝鏡70と関して、気管枝鏡70と結合して回転し得る。遠位セグメント64の可変曲線および遠位先端66の傾斜終端部は、異なる直径を有する気管枝壁に対して遠位先端66の密接な接触を提供する。傾斜遠位先端66によって、気管枝鏡70の作業チャネルを通る容易な導入が可能になる。遠位セグメント64は、好ましくは、湾曲構成へとバネ付勢されて、内部気管枝直径の幅広い範囲へのデバイスの自己調節を可能にする。図11は、湾曲した遠位セグメントが、5mm以下の直径を有する非常に小さな気管枝(図11A)、5mm〜15mmの直径を有する平均の気管枝(図11B)、ならびに15mm以上の直径を有する非常に大きな気管枝(図11C)の壁と接触したままであることを示す。
操作において、喘息に対抗する溶液は、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60を貫通する中心管腔を通って流れるように誘導される。いくつかの実施形態に従って、近位端圧力に加えて、近位シャフト62の近位端において適用されるトルクを使用する遠位先端66の回転を使用して、遠位先端66を通る溶液の流れを制御する。遠位セグメント64の可変曲線と組み合わせた、この流れ制御局面によって、気管枝の壁上に回転「ペインティング(painting)」が可能になる。
図12を参照して、シリンジ72を使用して、デバイスの中心管腔および遠位先端を通る喘息に対抗する溶液の流れの制御するために神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60の近位端で加圧を提供する。シリンジ72は、シリンジ円筒73およびネジ山付きプランジャー74を備え、これは、フィンガースロット75で終わる。シリンジ円筒73の近位端は、外向きに突出するリム76で終わり、一方、シリンジ円筒73の遠位端は、トルク応答性神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60の近位端に固定して接続される。シリンジ73は、好ましくは、さらに、シリンジ円筒73およびネジ山付きプランジャー74の上の適所に滑動するように適合されたネジ山付きハーフカラー77を備える。ハーフカラー77は、好ましくは、ネジ山付きプランジャー74のネジ山に対応する雌ネジを備える。さらに、ハーフカラー77は、好ましくは、リム76を係合する陥凹部(recess)を備える。シリンジ72上の適所に滑動する場合、ネジ山付きハーフカラー77は、ネジ山付きプランジャーを円筒に関して適所にロックする。
カラー77が適所にある場合、シリンジ円筒73の回転(例えば、時計方向)は、円筒73に対するプランジャーの制御された偏向を生じる。プランジャー74の偏向は、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60の中心管腔内の圧力を増加し、それによって、制御量の溶液が遠位先端66から分配される。プランジャーおよびハーフカラー上のネジ山のピッチを変えることによって、回転当たりで分配される流体の容量が変動し得る。シリンジ円筒73がトルク応答性神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60に固定して接続されるので、シリンジ円筒73の回転は、遠位先端66の対応する回転を生じる。ハーフカラーは、シリンジ72の迅速に充填するかまたは空にするための従来のシリンジ操作を可能にするために、アセンブリから取り除かれ得る。
図13を参照して、標準シリンジ80は、トルク応答性神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60の近位端に接続され、これは、気管枝鏡85内に配置される。シリンジは、シリンジ円筒82およびネジ山の無いプランジャー83を備える。この実施形態において、カラーは、提供されず、流れの制御は、プランジャー83に適用される力を手動で調節することによって提供される。シリンジ80の回転(これは、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリ60の対応する回転を引き起こす)に加えて、プランジャー83に適用される力は、喘息に対抗する溶液を患者の気管枝壁上に分配する。
本発明の別の局面に従って、喘息を処置するための移植可能デバイスおよび方法は、図14〜19に関して記載されている。生体吸収性移植片は、1つ以上の神経毒を患者の気管枝紋理の壁に制御可能に導入するために使用され、これは、過剰応答性平滑筋層を無能にし、粘膜の過分泌を制御することによって喘息を制御する。
さらに詳細には、気管枝紋理への神経毒または他の治療薬の送達は、気管枝通路内に配置された生体吸収性移植片からの薬物溶出によって達成される。移植片は、好ましくは、生体吸収性であるが、あるいは、再充填可能なレザバを有する永久デバイスおよび周期的間隔(例えば、薬物供給が、枯渇していると決定される場合)で除去および置換され得る溶出デバイスを備え得る。
本発明の原理に従って、喘息を処置するためのシステムは、1つ以上の薬物溶出生体吸収性ステントを備える。図14を参照して、ステント102は、複数の巻を含む単一のワイヤ104から構成される。いくつかの実施形態に従って、ステントシステムは、1つ以上の別個の長さのコイルステントを備え得る。あるいは、ステントシステムは、1つ以上のあつらえ長さのコイルステントを備え、これらは、ステント送達システムの一部である切断機構によって送達の遠位端において配置され、ある長さに切断される。生体吸収性ステント102は、好ましくは、神経毒および/または他の喘息に対抗する薬物を装填される。神経毒および/または他の喘息に抵抗する薬物の一般的な溶出は、喘息応答を引き起こすその下にある炎症性疾患を処置する。有利には、ステント102はまた、患者の気管枝に対する機械的強化を導く。
図15を参照して、交互薬物溶出生体吸収性ステント108が示され、これは、差し込まれた管または編まれた管を形成するように絡み合わされた複数のワイヤ110を備える。当業者によって理解されるように、多くの他の公知のステント設計が使用されて、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく、喘息に対抗する薬物を送達し得る。ステント102、108についての適切な材料としては、PEG、PLLA、コラーゲンおよびこれらの材料のコポリマーが挙げられる。適切な薬物としては、喘息状態を処置するために全身的に現在使用されているステロイドおよび気管枝拡張剤のアレイを備える。他の適切な喘息に対抗する薬物の例としては、コルチコステロイドおよびアルブテロールが挙げられる。
さらに、神経毒組成物(例えば、ボツリヌス毒素または破傷風)は、ステントを使用して送達され得る。いくつかの実施形態に従って、ステント102は、神経毒をカプセル化し、それを徐々に気管枝壁上に放出し、それによって、その通常の3+月の活性寿命を越えた、神経毒の有効作動寿命を非常に延長する。
喘息に関連する平滑筋および炎症応答に対する神経毒の効果が永久ではないので、所定の間隔で自動的に送達される用量の神経毒を提供することが望ましい。図16は、薬物溶出生体吸収性ステント102のステントワイヤ104の断面図である。ワイヤ110形成薬物溶出生体吸収性ステント108は、実質的に類似の断面を備え得る。
示される実施形態において、ステントワイヤは、薬物を充填した吸収性材料と薬物を充填していない吸収性材料との交互の層を備える。より詳細には、ステントワイヤ104は、実質的に円形の断面である内部薬物溶出層114および内部層114の外周の周りに配置される障壁層116を備える。ステントワイヤ104は、さらに、障壁層116の周囲の薬物溶出層118、および外部層118の周囲の保護外部コーティング120を備える。この様式において、薬物は、別個の投薬層114、118内で移植片内に充填され、そして所定の間隔で送達される。
薬物溶出ステントが患者の気管枝気道内に移植された後に、保護外部コーティング20は、溶解し、これによって、外部薬物溶出層118を露出する。外部層は、ゆっくり吸収し、従って、第1の用量の喘息に対抗する薬物を患者の気管枝内の標的処置領域に提供する。外部層118が吸収された後に、障壁層116は、所定の時間にわたって帰還しないで溶解する。次いで、内部層115は、ゆっくり吸収され、これによって、第二の用量の喘息に対抗する薬物を標的処置領域に提供する。もちろん、当業者によって理解されるように、さらなる薬物溶出層(および障壁層)が、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく、所定の間隔でさらなる用量の喘息に対抗する薬物を所定の間隔で送達するために使用され得る。この様式において、第1の用量は、移植のすぐ後に投与され、次いで、引き続く用量が、所定の間隔(例えば、3ヶ月毎)で放出される。
本発明の薬物溶出ステントの送達は、好ましくは、口または鼻のいずれかで、従来の気管枝鏡の作業チャネルを介して、あるいは、充填ステントを配置するために特別に設計されたあつらえのデバイスによって達成される。図17を参照して、1つ以上の薬物溶出生体吸収性ステント102は、気管枝鏡122の作業チャネルを通して患者の気管枝B内の標的処置領域に送達される。ステント102は、標的気管枝経路の炎位端に最初に送達されるコイル薬物充填ワイヤ104の連続長さである。次いで、ステント102は、標的気管支経路に沿って、所望の近位終結点へと巻が外れる。展開の間の気管枝鏡の操作によって、医者は、気管枝紋理の側方分岐を横切ってコイルを配置することを避け得る。気管枝終結点に達すると、切断機構が、移植片コイルを切断するために使用される。
あるいは、図18および19に関して示されるように、1つ以上の別個の長さの薬物溶出生体吸収性コイルステント108、130は、患者の気管枝B内に展開され得る。ステント108および130は、好ましくは、薬物を充填した吸収性材料と薬物を充填していない吸収性材料との交互の層(例えば、図16に関して記載される)を備えるワイヤセグメントから形成される。ステント108および130は、好ましくは、気管枝鏡の作業チャネルまたは別の送達デバイスによって送達される。当業者によって理解されるように、ステント108および130は、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく、任意の数の異なるサイズおよび構成を備え得る。
本明細書中において上記される本発明のステントの展開は、従来のステント送達カテーテルおよび手順を使用して、ステントの自己拡張またはバルーン拡張のいずれかを介して、特定の目的に造られた送達システムを用いて最終サイズに加熱および設定することによって、または任意の他の適切な手順によって、達成され得る。送達は、1つのステントで一度に達成され得るか、または複数の移植片が、単一の複数ステント送達システムから配置され得る。
本発明の好ましい例示的な実施形態が上記されたが、種々の変更および改変が、本発明から逸脱することなくなされ得ることが当業者に明らかである。本発明の真の精神および範囲に当てはまる全てのこのような変更および改変を網羅することが、添付の特許請求の範囲において意図される。
図1は、本発明の気管支内神経毒送達システムの側面図である。 図2は、本発明の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの例示的な実施形態の斜視図である。 図3Aは、引き込まれた位置での、図2の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの断面図である。 図3Bは、伸長された位置での、図2の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの断面図である。 図4は、本発明の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの代替の実施形態の斜視図である。 図5Aは、引き込まれた位置での、図4の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの部分断面図である。 図5Bは、伸長された位置での、図4の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの部分断面図である。 図6は、本発明の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの別の代替の実施形態の斜視図である。 図7Aは、引き込まれた位置での、図6の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの部分断面図である。 図7Bは、伸長された位置での、図6の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの部分断面図である。 図8は、本発明の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの、なおさらなる代替の実施形態の斜視図である。 図9Aは、引き込まれた位置での、図8の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの部分断面図である。 図9Bは、伸長された位置での、図8の神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの部分断面図である。 図10は、喘息に対抗する溶液を患者の気管支に局所的に塗布するための、神経毒アプリケータアセンブリの遠位端の側面図である。 図11A〜11Cは、湾曲した遠位セグメントを異なる構成で図示する、図10のアプリケータの側面図である。 図12は、図10のアプリケータの近位端において加圧を提供するために使用される、シリンジの斜視図である。 図13は、図10のアプリケータの近位端において加圧を提供するために使用される、代替のシリンジの斜視図である。 図14は、本発明の薬物溶出生分解性ステントの側面図である。 図15は、本発明の別の薬物溶出生分解性ステントの側面図である。 図16は、図14の薬物溶出生分解性ステントの断面図である。 図17は、患者の気管支内での薬物溶出生分解性ステントの送達を図示する斜視図である。 図18は、患者の気管支内での代替的な薬物溶出生分解性ステントの送達を図示する斜視図である。 図19は、患者の気管支内でのさらなる代替的な薬物溶出生分解性ステントの送達を図示する斜視図である。

Claims (48)

  1. 肺疾患を処置するための薬物の気管支内送達のための装置であって、該装置は、
    少なくとも1つの入口ポートを含む近位端、遠位端、および該入口ポートと該遠位端との間に延びる管腔を備える、シャフト;ならびに
    該シャフトの遠位端に配置されており、該管腔と流体連絡している、薬物アプリケータ;
    を備える、装置。
  2. 請求項1に記載の装置であって、前記薬物は、神経毒である、装置。
  3. 請求項1に記載の装置であって、該装置は、
    近位端、遠位端、および該近位端と該遠位端との間に延びる管腔を備える、気管支鏡;
    をさらに備え、
    前記シャフトは、該気管支鏡の管腔を滑動可能に通過するような寸法である、
    装置。
  4. 請求項1に記載の装置であって、前記神経毒アプリケータは、針アセンブリを備える、装置。
  5. 請求項4に記載の装置であって、前記針アセンブリは、引き込まれた送達位置と、展開された位置とを有し、
    少なくとも1つの針が、前記シャフトから半径方向外側に延びて気管支組織に貫入する、装置。
  6. 請求項4に記載の装置であって、前記針アセンブリは、外周を有するホイールと、該外周の周囲に配置された複数の針とを備え、
    該複数の針は、前記シャフトの管腔と流体連絡している、装置。
  7. 請求項6に記載の装置であって、前記ホイールは、該ホイールについての回転軸を形成するハブをさらに備える、装置。
  8. 請求項6に記載の装置であって、前記ホイールは、患者の気管支気道内の標的処置領域を通って転がされるように適合されている、装置。
  9. 請求項8に記載の装置であって、前記針アセンブリは、前記患者の気管支内気道の、前記標的処置領域とは反対の領域を保護するフェンダーをさらに備える、装置。
  10. 請求項2に記載の装置であって、前記神経毒は、ボツリヌス毒素の一血清型である、装置。
  11. 請求項10に記載の装置であって、前記ボツリヌス毒素の血清型は、血清型Aおよび血清型Bからなる群より選択される、装置。
  12. 請求項2に記載の装置であって、前記神経毒は、破傷風毒素または破傷風毒素誘導物である、装置。
  13. 請求項1に記載の装置であって、前記アプリケータは、加圧流体を使用して、神経毒を標的処置領域へと注入する、装置。
  14. 請求項13に記載の装置であって、前記シャフトは、前記管腔と流体連絡しているポートを規定する部分を備える、装置。
  15. 請求項13に記載の装置であって、前記標的処置領域に近接して前記ポートを配置するための、前記シャフトに配置された偏向手段をさらに備える、装置。
  16. 請求項15に記載の装置であって、前記偏向手段は、膨張可能なバルーンである、装置。
  17. 請求項13に記載の装置であって、前記アプリケータは、前記管腔と流体連絡している噴霧器をさらに備える、装置。
  18. 請求項17に記載の装置であって、前記噴霧器に対して近位に配置された膨張可能なバルーンをさらに備える、装置。
  19. 請求項18に記載の装置であって、前記標的処置領域に近接する組織に通気するために、前記バルーンと前記噴霧器との間に配置された少なくとも1つの管腔をさらに備える、装置。
  20. 請求項1に記載の装置であって、前記薬物アプリケータは、微小孔フィルター材料を備える、装置。
  21. 請求項1に記載の装置であって、前記シャフトは、選択的に屈曲可能である、装置。
  22. 請求項1に記載の装置であって、前記シャフトは、操縦可能である、装置。
  23. 請求項1に記載の装置であって、前記薬物アプリケータに対して作動可能な関係で配置された光学要素をさらに備える、装置。
  24. 請求項20に記載の装置であって、薬物の流れを制御するための、前記シャフトの近位端に連結されたシリンジをさらに備える、装置。
  25. 薬物の気管支内送達により肺疾患を処置するための装置であって、該装置は、
    少なくとも1つの入口ポートを含む近位端、遠位端、および該入口ポートと該遠位端との間に延びる管腔とを備える、細長シャフト;ならびに
    前記管腔と流体連絡している、前記シャフトの遠位端に配置された薬物アプリケータであって、該薬物アプリケータは、収縮された送達位置と、患者の気管支壁の標的組織領域へと薬物を送達するように適合された展開された位置とを有する、薬物アプリケータ;
    を備える、装置。
  26. 請求項25に記載の装置であって、前記神経毒アプリケータは、針アセンブリを備える、装置。
  27. 請求項25に記載の装置であって、前記針アセンブリは、少なくとも1つの針を備え、該少なくとも1つの針は、前記シャフトから半径方向外側に延びて気管支組織に貫入する、装置。
  28. 請求項25に記載の装置であって、前記針アセンブリは、外周を有するホイールと、該外周の周囲に配置された複数の針とを備え、
    該複数の針は、前記シャフトの管腔と流体連絡している、装置。
  29. 請求項28に記載の装置であって、前記針アセンブリは、前記患者の気管支内気道の、前記標的処置領域と対抗する領域を保護するフェンダーをさらに備える、装置。
  30. 請求項25に記載の装置であって、前記神経毒は、ボツリヌス毒素である、装置。
  31. 請求項25に記載の装置であって、前記アプリケータは、加圧流体を使用して、神経毒を標的処置領域へと注入する、装置。
  32. 請求項31に記載の装置であって、前記シャフトは、前記管腔と流体連絡している少なくとも1つのポートを規定する部分を備える、装置。
  33. 請求項25に記載の装置であって、前記アプリケータは、前記管腔と流体連絡している噴霧器をさらに備える、装置。
  34. 請求項25に記載の装置であって、前記薬物アプリケータは、微小孔フィルター材料を備える、装置。
  35. 請求項25に記載の装置であって、前記細長シャフトの遠位部分は、選択的に屈曲可能である、装置。
  36. 請求項25に記載の装置であって、薬物の流れを制御するための、前記シャフトの近位端に連結されたシリンジをさらに備える、装置。
  37. 喘息を処置するための薬物の気管支内送達のための装置であって、該装置は、
    喘息に対抗する薬物の1つ以上の層を含む、薬物溶出生体吸収性ステント
    を備える、装置。
  38. 請求項37に記載の装置であって、前記ステントは、複数の巻きを備える1つのワイヤを備える、装置。
  39. 請求項37に記載の装置であって、前記ステントは、差し込まれた管または編まれた管を形成するように絡み合わされた複数のワイヤを備える、装置。
  40. 請求項37に記載の装置であって、前記喘息に対抗する薬物は、神経毒である、装置。
  41. 請求項40に記載の装置であって、前記神経毒は、ボツリヌス毒素である、装置。
  42. 請求項40に記載の装置であって、前記神経毒は、破傷風毒素である、装置。
  43. 請求項37に記載の装置であって、前記喘息に対抗する薬物は、ステロイドまたは気管支拡張剤である、装置。
  44. 請求項37に記載の装置であって、前記ステントは、薬物を充填した吸収性材料と、薬物を充填していない吸収性材料との交互の層を備える、装置。
  45. 請求項44に記載の装置であって、前記薬物を充填しない吸収性材料のための材料は、PLLA、コラーゲン、およびこれらの材料のコポリマーからなる群より選択される、装置。
  46. 請求項44に記載の装置であって、前記薬物を充填しない吸収性材料は、前記薬物を充填した吸収性材料を封入して、前記喘息に対抗する薬物が前記気管支気道中へと徐々に放出されるようにする、装置。
  47. 請求項37に記載の装置であって、前記ステントは、
    内部薬物溶出層;および
    該内部層の周囲のまわりに配置された障壁層;
    を備える、装置。
  48. 請求項47に記載の装置であって、
    前記障壁層を取り囲む外部薬物溶出層;および
    該外部層を取り囲む保護外部コーティング;
    をさらに備える、装置。
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US20130123751A1 (en) 2013-05-16
US8172827B2 (en) 2012-05-08
WO2004101028A2 (en) 2004-11-25
CN102641534A (zh) 2012-08-22
CN1942212A (zh) 2007-04-04
US20060225742A1 (en) 2006-10-12
JP2012091005A (ja) 2012-05-17
US20060222667A1 (en) 2006-10-05
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EP1622658B1 (en) 2021-08-25
EP1622658A2 (en) 2006-02-08
CN102641534B (zh) 2015-12-02
CN1942212B (zh) 2012-02-22
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US20040226556A1 (en) 2004-11-18
US10953170B2 (en) 2021-03-23
US9339618B2 (en) 2016-05-17
WO2004101028A3 (en) 2006-12-14
US20170014571A1 (en) 2017-01-19

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