JP4446739B2 - 気管支流れ制御装置及び該装置の使用方法 - Google Patents
気管支流れ制御装置及び該装置の使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4446739B2 JP4446739B2 JP2003534005A JP2003534005A JP4446739B2 JP 4446739 B2 JP4446739 B2 JP 4446739B2 JP 2003534005 A JP2003534005 A JP 2003534005A JP 2003534005 A JP2003534005 A JP 2003534005A JP 4446739 B2 JP4446739 B2 JP 4446739B2
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- control device
- flow control
- valve
- bronchial
- catheter
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- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Transplantation (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
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- Paper (AREA)
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Description
本開示内容全体を通して「肺領域」の用語が使われる。ここで使われる「肺領域」の用語は、肺の特定された部分又は一部を意味する。例示すれば、ここではヒトの肺に関連して肺領域が説明されており、肺領域の例示では肺葉及び肺片を含んでいる。したがって、ここでいう「肺領域」の用語は、この肺葉や肺片に関することもある。このような肺領域は、当業者にとって知られた肺の部分である。しかしながら肺領域の用語は、肺葉や肺片に限らず、ヒト又はヒト以外の肺の他の特定された部分又は一部に関わることもあり得ることは理解されるべきである。
上述のように、流れ制御装置110は、気管支通路を通過する流体の流れを調整するため気管支通路内に移殖することができる。気管支通路内に移殖されると、流れ制御装置110は、当該流れ制御装置の配置された位置を通過する流体は流れ制御装置内を通らざるを得ないようシール状態となって前記気管支通路内に固定される。流れ制御装置110は、設計に応じて各種の流体流れ調整特性を有する。例えば、流れ制御装置110は、2つの方向(すなわち、遠隔方向と近接方向)への流体流れを許容するようにも、1つの方向のみ(遠隔方向又は近接方向)の流体流れを許容するようにも、流れ制御装置を通過する流体流れをいずれの方向へも完全に阻止するようにも、あるいはこれらのいずれかの組み合わせとするようにも構成することができる。流体流れが許容されるときは、流れ制御装置は突破圧力(cracking pressure)と呼ばれる一定の圧力以上のときにのみこれを許容するような構成とすることができる。以下に詳細に示すように、流れ制御装置110はまた、特性を変化させるため流れ制御装置110内に拡張装置を手動で挿入するような構成とすることもできる。
内壁915にひっかかり、流れ制御装置110が遠隔方向206に移動することを妨げるように配置される。フレーム625の曲線状の遠隔端末629は、内壁915にひっかかり、流れ制御装置110が近接方向204に移動することを阻止する。
(1) 流れ制御装置の遠隔側の空気又は流体を吸引する吸引カテーテル
(2) 分断された肺領域の遠隔部内にある流体又は空気を吸引するため、分断された肺領域の非常に遠隔の部分に侵入可能な、長く薄い吸引カテーテル
(3) 移殖された流れ制御装置の遠隔側にある気管支通路の閉鎖領域と、移殖された流れ制御装置の近接側にある気管支通路の領域との間の自由な流動を許容する短いチューブ、
(4) 分断された遠隔の肺領域から流体の放出を許容し(通常の呼息の間、又は分断された遠隔の肺領域から流体を強制的に流す手順の間)、流体が前記分断された領域に入るのを阻止するため、内部にワンウェイバルブを搭載したチューブ又は他の短い構造
(5) 分断された遠隔の肺領域から流体の放出を許容し(通常の呼息の間、又は分断された遠隔の肺領域から流体を強制的に流す手順の間)、流体が前記分断された領域に入るのを阻止するため、先端にワンウェイバルブを搭載したカテーテル
(6) 気管支通路の領域や気管支通路内に移殖された流れ制御装置の遠隔側にある気管支通路の領域内に、抗生物質や他の薬剤などの治療剤を浸透させるためのカテーテル
(7) 粘液発生を停止させ、肺炎感染を消滅させるなどの治療目的で、移殖された流れ制御装置の遠隔側にある気管支通路内に腔内照射源を通過させるためのカテーテル、
(8) 流れ制御装置の遠隔側にある肺領域内に閉じ込められた浸透窒素を介して吸収する窒素溶解流体を循環させる、半浸透遠隔相を備えたカテーテル、
を含むことができる。
突破圧力は、例えば遠隔から近接へ向かうなどの特定の方向へワンウェイバルブ要素を開くために必要とされる最低の流体圧力と定義される。流れ制御装置110のバルブ要素がヒトの肺の気管支管腔内に移殖されると、この流れ制御装置110は常時粘液や流体に覆われることになる。このため、バルブの突破圧力は、この気管支管腔の条件を再現した液体中の条件でテストすることが好ましい。バルブ要素をテストする代理方法は、バルブ口をコートする水性潤滑剤を微量使用することである。くちばし状バルブのテスト手順は以下のようである:
1. バルブの両側をつまむようにしてバルブ要素の口を手で開き、希釈された水性潤滑剤(Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc.製の液体K−Y潤滑剤など)をバルブのリップの間に滴下する。
2. 余分な潤滑剤を除去し、1立方センチメートルの空気を前進方向にバルブに強制的に流し、バルブ内部から余分な潤滑剤を除く。
3. バルブの遠隔側を空圧源に接続してゆっくり圧力を上げる。時間(例えば3秒)をかけて圧力を開始時の0インチH2Oから最大の10インチH2Oまで上げ、最大圧力を記録する。この最大圧力が当該バルブの突破圧力となる。
図32は、流れ制御装置110を気管支通路内の目標位置に供給し、配置するための供給システム2910を示している。この供給システム2910は、近接端末2916と、患者の気管などを通して気管支通路内の目標位置に配置可能な遠隔端末2917とを有するカテーテル2915を含んでいる。このカテーテル2915は、外部要素2918と、前記外部要素2918内でスライド移動可能に配置された内部要素2920とを有し、内部要素2920は外部要素2918に対してカテーテル2915の長さに沿ってスライド式に相対移動が可能である。
上述したように、流れ制御装置110が供給カテーテル2915のハウジング2940内に搭載されるときには圧縮状態にある。このため流れ制御装置110はハウジング内にピッタリ納まるよう、ハウジング内に装填される前に流れ制御装置110がより小さい径に圧縮されねばならない。図38は、流れ制御装置110を小さい径に圧縮し、流れ制御装置110を供給カテーテルのハウジング2940内に挿入する装填システム3510の1つの実施の形態の斜視図を示す。この装填システム3510は、カテーテルハウジング2940を確実に所定位置に保持し、流れ制御装置110をハウジング2940内に挿入する間にハウジング2940を流れ制御装置110に対して適切に位置合わせするために使用することができる。これは、ハウジング2940内への流れ制御装置110の迅速で容易な装填を支援し、装填の間に流れ制御装置110を損傷する虞を低減させる。
目標肺領域の空気流れの出入りを調整し又は除くため、流れ制御装置110を気管支通路に配置する方法を開示する。配置された流れ制御装置110は、目標肺領域内への空気の流れを排除し、これによって目標肺領域を虚脱(collapse)させることができる。しかしながら、配置された流れ制御装置110は、有利な効果を得るためには必ずしも目標肺領域を虚脱させる必要はない。むしろ、流れ制御装置110は、吸引の間には目標肺領域内への空気の流れを排除するものの虚脱にまで至らないようにするなど、改善された空気流れのダイナミックが得られるよう目標肺領域に出入りする空気流れを調整することができる。流れ制御装置110の配置は、分断されていない、より健康な肺の領域へ吸引された空気を導き、又は再配分することができ、これによって健康な肺組織の通気を改善し、健康な肺領域内の通気−潅流の釣り合いを改善させる。目標となる肺領域の呼息空気は、移殖された一方通行の流れ制御装置110を介して通気可能であり、これによって目標肺領域の呼息ダイナミックは、流れ制御装置が存在することによって影響を受けることはない。これは、肺内での酸素吸収効率を増加させることになる。
(a) 目標肺領域を識別し、流れ制御装置が配置されるべき気管支通路内の目標位置を特定する;
(b) 前記気管支通路内の目標位置の径を特定し、前記気管支通路の管腔内に配置される流れ制御装置の適切なサイズを選択する;以下に述べるように、流れ制御装置は幅広い気管支径をカバーできるよう製造が可能であり、これによって管腔の測定が必要となくなることからこのステップはオプションである;
(c) 流れ制御装置を気管支通路に供給して配置するため、前記選択された流れ制御装置を上述した供給カテーテルのような供給装置内に装填する;流れ制御装置は供給装置内に予め装填して製造できるため、このステップはオプションである;
(d) 前記流れ制御装置が気管支通路内の目標位置に位置決めされるよう、供給カテーテルを気管支通路内に位置決めする;
(e) 前記流れ制御装置を気管支通路内の前記目標位置に配置する;
(f) 前記供給装置を取り除く;
(g) 前記流れ制御装置を存在させることによって、目標肺領域で1つ又はそれ以上の手順を実行し、及び/又は目標肺領域内で作用を起させること、の各ステップを含む。
(1) 微生物の成長を阻止する抗生物質薬品(シロリムス(sirolimus)、ドキシサイクリン、ミノサイクリン、ブレオマイシン、テトラサイクリンなど)
(2) 微生物の増殖又は成長を防ぎ、又はその発病作用を防ぐ抗菌物質薬品
(3) 炎症を軽減する抗炎症物質薬品
(4) 癌を治療する抗増殖薬品
(5) 粘液発生を低減又は排除するムコ多糖類分解酵素薬品
(6) 刺激による咳を早期に鎮静化するリドケインなどの鎮痛剤又は苦痛除去剤
(7) 出血を止める凝固促進薬品
(8) 出血を止めるためのエピネフリン(epinephrine)などの血管収縮薬品
(9) 全トランス・レチノイン酸などの肺組織再生のための薬剤
(10) 炎症を軽減するためのステロイド
(11) 組織再生のための遺伝子治療
(12) 組織成長阻止剤(パクリタクセル(paclitaxel)、ラパマイシン(rapamycin)など)
(13) ドキシサイクリン、ミノサイクリン、テトラサイクリン、ブレオマイシン、シスプラチン、ドクソルビシン(アドリアマイシン)、フルオロウラシル、インターフェロン−ベータ、マイトマイシン−c、コリネバクテリウム・パーバム(Corynebacterium parvum)、メチルプレデニソロン、タルクなどの硬化薬剤
(14) 肺炎双球菌の弱い兆候などの局部感染及び瘢痕を誘発するための薬剤
(15) ポリペプチド成長因子などの繊維形成促進薬品(繊維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)、基礎繊維芽細胞成長因子(bFGF)、変換成長因子−ベータ(TGF−β))
(16) スフィンゴミエリン、Bax、Bid、Bik、Bad、カスパーゼ−3(caspase-3)、カスパーゼ−8(caspase-8)、カスパーゼ−9(caspase-9)、アネクシンV(annexin V)などのプロアポトーシス剤(Pro-apoptopic)
(17) PTEF、パリレン又は他の潤滑コーティング
(18) 加えて、リテーナや他の金属要素は、粘液成長又は障害組織発生を阻止するため紫外線に晒すことができる。
(1) 患者は、前記装置の遠方側の単数又は複数の肺領域から空気が放出されるまで通常の呼吸が許される。
(2) 供給カテーテルの近接端末、又は流れ制御装置を横切る拡張装置、あるいは移殖された流れ制御装置の近接側に配置されたバルーンカテーテルに結合可能な連続真空源を使用して目標肺領域を吸引する。
(3) (連続ではなく)パルス化された真空源を使用して目標肺領域から流体を吸い込み、
(4) 非常に低い真空の真空源を使用して1時間又はそれ以上の長い時間をかけて目標肺領域から流体を吸引する。この場合、前記カテーテルは鼻から挿入され、水シール(water seal)が真空源を制御することができる。
(5) 目標の肺領域が液体で満たされ、その後、これが吸引される。
(6) 肺を圧迫するため皮膚を通して配置された針、又は気管支内に配置された針を通してガスを肺の胸膜の空間に吹き込む。
(7) 胸膜の空間内にバルーンを挿入し、目標の肺領域の隣で当該バルーンを膨らませる。
(8) 皮膚を通して配置されるプローブを挿入し、直接肺を圧迫する。
(9) 目標肺領域に隣接する肺葉につながる気管支通路内にバルーンカテーテルを挿入し、目標肺領域を虚脱させるために隣接する単数又は複数の肺区域を過度に膨張させる。
(10) 目標肺領域を圧迫するため胸膜空間を無菌流体で満たす。
(11) 目標区域の部分で外部からの胸部圧迫を実施する。
(12) 皮膚を通して目標肺領域に穴を空け、閉じ込められた空気を吸引する。
(13) 患者が吸引し、肺を満たしたら一時的に下葉区及び/又は中葉区につながる気管支を閉鎖し、これによって呼息の間に目標の単数又は複数の肺区域に加わる圧迫を高める。
(14) 咳を誘発させる。
(15) 唇をすぼめた呼吸方法で、患者に能動的な呼息を動機付けする。
(16) 気道を清掃し又は拡張するため、ムコ多糖類加水分解酵素、気管支拡張薬、表面活性剤、乾燥剤、溶剤、器官壊死剤、硬化剤、ペルフルオロカーボン、又は吸収剤などを含む薬品を使用し、その後、真空源を利用して前記流れ制御装置を通して吸引する。
(17) 前記分断された肺領域を100%酸素(O2)又は他の吸収容易なガスで満たす。これは移殖された流れ制御装置を通過するカテーテルなどの拡張装置を使用することで実施できる。前記酸素は、分断された肺領域にあるガスを希釈して酸素濃度を高め、余剰のガスが分断された肺領域から出て流れ制御装置又は拡張装置を通って流出することを可能にする。分断された肺領域内の残余のガスは高い酸素濃度を有しており、より容易に血液流内に吸収される。これは分断された肺領域の吸引肺拡張不全につながる可能性がある。分断された肺領域内の残余のガスは、分断された肺領域の虚脱を助ける膨張装置を介して吸収することも可能である。
ワイヤ上を移動する供給カテーテルを使用して流れ制御装置110を展開する間、肺の隆起を通過させる供給カテーテル2915の操作は、ハウジング2940がしばしば隆起の鋭い端末に行き詰まったり、又は目標気管支の穴に適切に位置合わせされなかったりすることから、しばしば困難に遭遇する。ハウジング2940が引っかかれば、カテーテル2915を更に前進させたり、より遠隔部への配置をしたりすることが非常に困難になり得る。
1010.チューブ、 1110.チューブ片、 1120.ワンウェイバルブ、 1210.フランジ、 1215.連結ひも、 1310.カテーテル、 1320.通気穴、 1510.テーパ部、 1605.先端、 1607.遠隔端末、 1610.フラップ、 1625.袖部、 1630.リベット、 1910.くちばし状バルブ、 1930.バルブ拡張要素、 1935.内部領域、 1938.バルブ保護スリーブ、 1940.通気穴、
2710、2720.内部管腔、 2725a、2725b.くちばし状バルブ、 2810.内部管腔、 2815.フラップバルブ、 2820.第2のバルブ、 2910.供給システム、 2915.カテーテル、 2918.外部要素、 2920.内部要素、 2925.ハンドル、 2928.第1の部品、 2930.第2の部品、 2935.ロック機構、 2940.ハウジング、
3015.フランジ、 3020.先端領域、 3310.気管支通路、 3510.装填システム、 3515.装填具、 3520.押し込み具、 3530.照合溝、 3610.装填トンネル、 3615.前方開口部、 3620.後方開口部、 3622.装填領域、 3630.ハウジング領域、 3635.カテーテル領域、 3640.ロック機構、 3645.ドア、 3710.ピストン、 3715.照合溝、
4210.第1のピン、 4215.第2のピン、 4220.弓形開口部、 4230.開口部、 4235.入口ポート、 4310.カテーテル領域、 4610.装填チューブ、 4615.ハンドル、 4620.チューブ領域、
5010.装填領域、 5015.突出棒、 5210.気管支鏡、 5215.操作機構、 5220.シャフト、 5222.遠隔端末、 5225.作業チャンネル入口ポート、 5230.視認接眼鏡、 5310.ガイドワイヤ、 5315.目標位置、 5510.装填具、 5515.第1のハンドル、 5520.第2のハンドル、 5525.装填ヘッド、 5530.圧縮機構、 5540.装填トンネル、 5545.ピストン機構、 5547.ピストン、 5549.カム、 5550.レバー、 5810.突起、 6210.中央長手軸。
Claims (36)
- 気管支通路用の流れ制御装置であって:
前記流れ制御装置を通過する流体流れを調節するバルブ要素と;
前記流れ制御装置が気管支通路内に移殖されたときに前記気管支通路の内壁と協働してシールを形成するシール要素と;
前記シール要素に結合され、前記流れ制御装置が気管支通路内に移殖されたときに当該気管支通路の内壁に対して半径方向の力を及ぼし、前記流れ制御装置を前記気管支通路内に保持する固定要素と;
前記バルブ要素を少なくとも部分的に囲むバルブ保護と、から構成され、
前記バルブ保護が、
a)圧縮に対して前記バルブ要素の形状を維持するに十分な剛性を有し、
b)前記シール要素の材料とは異なる材料から製造され、
c)前記シール要素の材料より硬質であり、
d)前記バルブ保護を貫通して延びる少なくとも1つの開口部を含む、
流れ制御装置。 - 前記シール要素が、前記流れ制御装置の外周を少なくとも部分的に囲み、前記流れ制御装置の長手軸に対して半径方向外側に第1の距離まで延びる第1のフランジを含む、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記シール要素が、前記流れ制御装置の外周を少なくとも部分的に囲み、前記流れ制御装置の長手軸に対して半径方向外側に第2の距離まで延びる第2のフランジを含む、請求項2に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記第1の半径方向の距離が前記第2の半径方向の距離と異なっている、請求項3に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記フランジが、前記長手軸に対して角度を設けて延びている、請求項2に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記シール要素が空洞部を形成する袖部を含み、前記袖部は、前記流れ制御装置が気管支通路内に移殖されたときに前記気管支通路の内壁と協働してシールを形成し、前記流れ制御装置を気管支通路内の固定位置に保持する、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記固定要素が、前記シール要素の袖部の空洞部内に保持されている、請求項6に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 少なくとも1つのリベットが前記袖部の第1の表面を当該袖部の対向する表面に取り付け、これによって前記固定要素を前記空洞部内に保持する、請求項7に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 接着剤が前記袖部の第1の表面を当該袖部の対向する表面に固着し、これによって前記固定要素を前記空洞部内に保持する、請求項7に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記固定要素が前記シール要素の袖部の空洞部内で移動可能である、請求項7に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ要素は、突破圧力の流体が前記流れ制御装置を通過して第1の方向に流れることを許容し、前記第1の方向と反対の第2の方向に流体が流れ制御装置を通過して流れることを阻止することにより前記流れ制御装置を通過する流体流れを調節する、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ要素がくちばし状バルブから構成される、請求項11に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ要素がフラップバルブから構成される、請求項11に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ要素は、流体が前記流れ制御装置を通過していずれの方向へ流れることも阻止することにより前記流れ制御装置を通過する流体流れを調節する、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ要素が隔壁から構成される、請求項14に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ要素は、第1の突破圧力で開いて流体が前記流れ制御装置を通過して第1の方向に流れることを許容し、第2の突破圧力で開いて流体が前記流れ制御装置を通過して第2の方向に流れることを許容する、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ保護要素が超弾性材料から作られている、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ保護要素が硬質である、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記固定要素が、曲がった支柱を含む前記流れ制御装置の長手軸に対して外側に張り出す複数の支柱から形成されたフレームから構成され、前記流れ制御装置が気管支通路内に配置されたとき、前記曲がった支柱は前記気管支通路の気管支壁に固定して前記流れ制御装置の第1の方向への移動を阻止する、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記フレームは、1つ又は複数の突出棒を形成する複数の支柱から構成され、前記流れ制御装置が前記気管支通路内に配置されたとき、前記突出棒は、気管支通路の内壁に固定して前記流れ制御装置が第2の方向へ移動することを阻止する、請求項19に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記固定要素が弛緩状態と圧縮状態の間で前記流れ制御装置の長手軸に対して半径方向に拡張または縮小可能であり、前記流れ制御装置が弛緩状態のときに、前記流れ制御装置は当該流れ制御装置が圧縮状態にあるときの直径よりも大きな直径を有する、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記固定要素は、前記バルブ要素及びシール要素とは独立して拡大、縮小可能である、請求項21に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記固定要素が、前記シール要素を少なくとも部分的に囲む、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記固定要素が、前記シール要素のいずれの部分をも囲んでいない、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ保護が、前記バルブ要素全体を囲んでいる、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ保護が、前記バルブ要素の一部のみを囲んでいる、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記流れ制御装置を通過する流体流れを調節する追加のバルブ要素をさらに備えている、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ要素は、当該バルブ要素を通過して挿入が可能な拡張装置によって拡張が可能であり、前記拡張装置は、前記バルブ要素を通過する流体通路を提供する、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ要素は、当該バルブ要素を通過して前記拡張装置が挿入されたときに当該拡張装置の外周の周囲にシールを提供する、請求項28に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記流れ制御装置の少なくとも一部をコートする薬剤をさらに備えている、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ要素が、前記バルブ保護によって全体が囲まれている、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ保護が、前記シール要素から分離可能に構成されている、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ保護が、ワイヤから構成されている、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ保護が、チューブから構成されている、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ要素が、前記バルブ保護内に同心状に収納されている、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
- 前記バルブ保護が、生物学的適合性を有するニッケル・チタン合金又は鋼で構成されている、請求項1に記載の流れ制御装置。
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2002
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DE60221139D1 (de) | 2007-08-23 |
WO2003030975A3 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
WO2003030975A2 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
US7854228B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 |
US20110130834A1 (en) | 2011-06-02 |
US6941950B2 (en) | 2005-09-13 |
US20050166925A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
EP1434615A2 (en) | 2004-07-07 |
EP1434615B1 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
US20030070682A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
CA2458595A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
DE60221139T2 (de) | 2008-03-13 |
CA2458595C (en) | 2007-12-04 |
US20050145253A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
AU2002347900B8 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
JP2005505355A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
ATE366597T1 (de) | 2007-08-15 |
AU2002347900B2 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
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