CN1246980A - 具有线圈支撑件的旋转电机 - Google Patents

具有线圈支撑件的旋转电机 Download PDF

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CN1246980A
CN1246980A CN98802262A CN98802262A CN1246980A CN 1246980 A CN1246980 A CN 1246980A CN 98802262 A CN98802262 A CN 98802262A CN 98802262 A CN98802262 A CN 98802262A CN 1246980 A CN1246980 A CN 1246980A
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coil supports
winding
electric rotating
supports
rotating machine
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贡纳尔·凯兰德
阿尔内·埃德曼
马茨·莱永
尼尔斯－伊瓦尔·兰格雷恩
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K1/325—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium between salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/527—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to rotors only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/15—Machines characterised by cable windings, e.g. high-voltage cables, ribbon cables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
    • Y10S174/13—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention
    • Y10S174/14—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a particular cable application, e.g. winding
    • Y10S174/19—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a particular cable application, e.g. winding in a dynamo-electric machine
    • Y10S174/21—Rotor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
    • Y10S174/13—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention
    • Y10S174/26—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a plural-layer insulation system
    • Y10S174/27—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a plural-layer insulation system including a semiconductive layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
    • Y10S174/13—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention
    • Y10S174/26—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a plural-layer insulation system
    • Y10S174/27—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a plural-layer insulation system including a semiconductive layer
    • Y10S174/28—Plural semiconductive layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
    • Y10S174/13—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention
    • Y10S174/29—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a semiconductive layer

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种旋转电机,该电机包括一个定子(4)和一个转子(1),该定子(4)装配一些从各定予槽中引出的绕组,而转子(1)具有一个中心轴(2)和极(5,6),极(5,6)呈极片(8,9)形式,极片(8,9)装备有各绕组并形成各螺线管,极隙(13)配置在各极之间。该电机还包括在所述极隙中的线圈支撑件(15,16),以便支撑螺线管绕组(10,11)。其特征在于:线圈支撑件(15,16)成一对配置和每个线圈支撑件(15,16)被如此加工成一定形状,以便它只支撑两个相邻极(5,6)的螺线管绕组(10,11)的一部分。

Description

具有线圈支撑件的旋转电机
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分所述的旋转电机。
各种旋转电机的例子是：同步电机类；标准异步电机类及双路馈电式电机类；交流电机类；在异步静态换流器级联中；外部旋转电机类及同步通量电机类等的各种应用。
按照本发明的电机首先打算作为发电厂中的一种发电机，用于发出电力。
在本申请中，除非另有说明外，术语“径向”、“轴向”、“切向”和“周边”构成表示相对于电机转子所限定的方向。
对具有凸极的垂直旋转电机(通称为凸极电机)来说，各线圈支撑件通常在不同极之间使用。这样做的理由是：转子各极都包括装备一个绕组的极片，以便形成螺线管(电磁线卷)。因为该极具有一定的宽度，所以该线圈的各个长侧边将不会位于穿过转子中心的一个轴向平面中，亦即穿过线圈各长侧边的一个轴向平面将平行于相应极径向中心线的一个轴向平面移动。因此，转子旋转时所产生的部分离心力将在周边方向上用一个切向力影响这些长侧边。这个力将力图压住线圈绕组中的金属，而脱离与极片的接触。因此线圈的各长侧边有变弯的危险，并且在最坏情况下它们相互接触，这种相互接触会引起一些强有力的短路，该短路又引起扰动磁不平衡。
因此，为了防止上述类型的短路，当认为必要时，将一些专用的线圈支撑件装进极隙，亦即装进两个相邻极之间的间隙或空间中。因此，这些线圈支撑件的任务是将各线圈绕组保持在适当位置。各线圈支撑件在各种高速电机内的线圈中特别常见。
常用的线圈支撑件通常由一个或多个整块支撑件构成，也就是由坚硬的本质上是V形的支撑件构成，这些支撑件在每个极隙中配置成彼此相距一个合适的轴向距离。因为对线圈支撑件来说最好是支撑全部螺线管绕组，所以每个线圈支撑件将本质上堵塞两个相邻极之间的整个区域，亦即堵塞极隙。未被线圈支撑件堵塞的两个转子极之间的小空间供通风用，因此冷却空气可以轴向流动，以便冷却各极和稍后还冷却转子，这取决于旋转电机的类型和所用的通风原则的类型。所涉及的一些空间本质上是在各转子极和定子之间的气隙附近可利用的小空间，并且同样地是转子绕组和转子本身之间的有限空间。
有关的通风类型是所谓的Midi思想、轴向通风和径向通风。在Midi思想中，利用转子本体作为一个风扇，并且空气在轴向上穿过电机一侧的极隙。在轴向通风的情况下，将轴向风扇(通常是两个风扇)安装在转子上，其中一个风扇安装在上侧，一个风扇安装在下侧。空气实施各极的冷却，并且在轴向上被运送到定子内的径向孔口中，在这里空气也具有冷却效果。然而，在定子中没有径向孔口的情况下，可供选择地采用两个径向风扇是不可能的。单向轴向通风或径向通风(空气在径向上流过转子)无论如何在定子铁芯中没有径向孔口也能解决通风问题。然而，用小转子直径径向通风是不可能的。
显然，冷却空气，或者也许某些其它类型的供冷却用的气体能够通过各线圈支撑件，在许多情况下，该气体不足以达到令人满意的冷却电机。
能穿过极隙的冷却空气流还受空气允许的最大温升限制，并且也受必须加以限制的空气速度限制。后者是由于当空气被穿过各气隙导入时，它被加速到一个速度，该速度接近转子的周边速度。这导致空气动能的增加，然而，当空气离开电机时，该空气的动能完全损失掉。这样产生减速动量，并因而造成功率损耗，这直接反映在电机的效率上。因为这些通风损失与空气流量成正比，因此最好是具有尽可能小的空气阻力。
按照一种已知的装置(在该装置中，试图解决通风不足的问题)，各线圈支撑件已经装备有一些小孔，以便增加冷却空气流动的可以利用的面积。遗憾的是，在许多情况下，这些线圈支撑件仍然必定提供令人满意的通风。此外，各线圈支撑件迫使空气远离各线圈(这些线圈导致至少一些空气流动)，而不是更靠近定子流动并因此离任何用途的线圈太远通过。
从专利文献US 3 740 600以前已知一种线圈支撑件或撑条，该线圈支撑件或撑条只支撑线圈绕组的一部分，亦即最靠近转子片的那些绕组。撑条的用途是利用作用在各线圈上的离心力切向分量来防止各线圈与各极分离。上述撑条被设计成只支撑最里面的各绕组的理由是，在已公开的各极构型中，这些绕组特别易受到上述力。各种类似装置也可从专利文献US 5 036 238、GB-A-2 022 327和DE-A-25 20 511中知道。
通过专利文献US 5 036 165已知一种导体，在该导体中，绝缘体装备有一个内层和一个外层，该内层和外层用半导电的高温热解玻璃纤维制成。还知道在一种具有这种绝缘体的电动发电机中提供一些导体，例如如专利文献US 5 066 881中所述，此处一个半导电的高温热解玻璃纤维层与两个形成导体的平行导条接触，而各定子槽中的绝缘体被一个半导电的高温热解玻璃纤维制的外层包围。把高温热解玻璃纤维说成是合适的，因为即使在浸渍处理之后，它也保持其弹性。
本发明的目的是提供一种旋转电机，该旋转电机用来消除上述问题，并因此以一种有效而简单的方式得到令人满意的通风。
通过在权利要求1前序部分所述的一类电机达到这一目的，该电机具有该权利要求特征部分中所述的一些特定特征。
因此，各线圈支撑件成对配置，并且将成一对的每个线圈支撑件加工成一定形状，以便它只支撑两个相邻极的各螺线管绕组的一部分。继而，将成一对的两个线圈支撑件配置成彼此之间在轴向上和径向上移动，以便让一种冷却气体在各线圈支撑件之间流动。通过这种结构，得到的优点是空气穿过极隙流动路线的面积增加，而空气阻力减小。因此较大量空气(或其它气体)能以相同的流速通过，并得到一较高的冷却程度。可供选择地，可以让相同量的空气以减小的速率通过，因而降低了所述的功率损耗并且电机的效率增加。这又具有能只用一个风扇而不用两个风扇的优点，通常用轴向通风就是这样。在定子下面线圈端部包的令人满意的通风也能用这种单个风扇。与已知的只支撑一部分绕组的装置相比，本发明具有很大的优点，即各绕组将全部被支撑，这样就产生一种更可靠和整个更安全的电机。
另一个优点是，如果径向通风(即空气在径向上穿过转子流动)不可能，特别是在各种具有小直径的转子中的话，本发明能使单向轴向通风穿过整个极隙到达定子的下侧，该定子与各线圈支撑件组合在一起。
权利要求1中所述的各线圈支撑件还具有这样的优点，即它们可以在一些常用类型的旋转电机和高压电机中使用，这些高压电机用电缆，也就是用高压绝缘电导体作为定子绕组。当按照本发明的电机装备一些由高压电缆构成的定子绕组时，得到一些特别明显的优点。该高压电缆位于各个定子槽中，这些定子槽极深并且垂直高度很高，因此高效通风特别难以达到，而且对它的需要更大。
因此，在按照本发明的旋转电机中，各绕组最好是由一些电缆构成，这些电缆具有目前配电用那一类的坚硬、挤塑而成的绝缘体，如各种交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆或具有乙丙橡胶(EPR)绝缘体的电缆。这种电缆包括：一个内导体、一个内半导电层、一个坚硬的绝缘层、和一个外半导电层，所述内导体包括一股或多股绞合线部分，内半导电层包围该导体，绝缘层包围该内半导电层，而外半导电层包围该绝缘层。这些电缆是可弯曲的，在这种情况下，可弯曲是一个重要性质，因为用于按照本发明的装置的生产工艺主要是以各绕组系统为基础，在这些系统中绕组由电缆形成，而该电缆在装配期间是弯的。对一种直径为30mm的电缆，一种XLPE电缆的可弯性通常相当于一个约20cm的曲率半径；而对一种直径为80mm的电缆，则相当于一种直径约为65cm的曲率半径。在本专利申请书中，术语“可弯曲”用来表明：绕组可向下弯到一个曲率半径，该曲率半径约为电缆直径的4倍，最好是电缆直径的8-12倍。
绕组应当制成甚至当它弯曲和在工作期间受到一个热应力时，也保持它的一些性质。重要的是，在这种情况下，各层保持它们相互粘合。这里各层的材料性质，特别是它们的弹性和相对热膨胀系数是决定性的。例如在XLPE电缆中，绝缘层由交联的低密度聚乙烯构成，而各半导电层由其中混合有碳黑和金属微粒的聚乙烯构成。由于温度波动结果而产生的体积变化随着电缆半径的改变而完全被吸收，而且由于相对于这些材料的弹性来说，各层热膨胀系数之间比较小的差异，所以径向膨胀可以发生而各层之间的粘合没有损耗。
上述各种材料组合应当看成只是一些例子。满足所规定的各种条件及还有半导电(亦即电阻率在10-1-106ohm-cm范围内，如1-500ohm-cm，或10-200ohm-cm)的各种其它组合自然也属于本发明的范围内。
绝缘层可以例如由一种坚硬的热塑性材料构成，如：低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚丁烯(PB)、聚甲基戊烯(“TPX”)、各种交联材料如交联聚乙烯(XLPE)，或者橡胶如乙丙橡胶(EPR)或硅橡胶。
内和外半导电层可以用相同的基本材料制造，但其中混合有导电材料如碳黑或金属粉。
这些材料的一些机械性质，特别是它们的热膨胀系数受其中是否混合有碳黑或金属粉的影响比较小——至少按所要求的比例，以便达到按照本发明所必需的电导率。因此该绝缘层和各半导电层具有本质上相同的热膨胀系数。
乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物/丁腈橡胶(EVA/NBR)、丁基接枝聚乙烯、乙烯丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)和乙烯丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA)也可以构成用于各半导电层的合适聚合物。
即使在用不同类型的材料作为各种不同层的基底时，最好它们的热膨胀系数基本相同。上面所列举的各种材料的组合情况就是这样。
上面所列举的各种材料都具有比较好的弹性，它们具有E＜500MPa，最好是＜200MPa的E-模量。对各层中材料的热膨胀系数之间的任何微小差异来说，此弹性足以在该弹性的径向方向上被吸收，因此没有裂纹出现，或任何其它的损伤；并且各层不会相互分离。各层中的材料是有弹性的，并且各层之间的粘合至少与这些材料中最弱的材料有相同的量级。
两个半导电层的电导率足以使沿着每层的电位本质上相等。外半导电层的电导率高到足以包围电缆内的电场，但不能低到足以由于在该层的纵向方向上感生电流而产生重大的损耗。
因此，两个半导电层中的每一层本质上都构成一个等电位面，并且这些层将本质上包围它们之间的电场。
当然，没有任何东西能阻止在绝缘层中配置一个或多个附加的半导电层。
按照一个特别有利的特点，各定子的绕组由高压电缆构成。
一个附加的特征是，高压电缆具有一个在20-250mm范围内的直径和一个在80-3000mm2范围内的导电面积。
本发明的另一些特征和优点在其余的从属权利要求中显示。
按照另一个特征，成一对的两个线圈支撑件中的每一个都本质上覆盖径向方向上相应极隙所占据的面积的一半。这样获得的优点是，极隙面积的其余部分(亦即等于剩余的50％)可用于空气流动。
可供选择地，成一对的两个线圈支撑件的其中一个被配置成本质上支撑两个相邻极的各绕组的一半，而两个线圈支撑件的其中另一个则被配置成本质上支撑所述各绕组的另一半。
还按照另一个可供选择的方案，成一对的两个线圈支撑件的其中一个被配置成本质上支撑两个相邻极的各绕组的一半，而两个支撑件的另一个被配置成支撑所述各绕组的另一半和一附加的少量绕组，以便将所支撑的各绕组的搭接部分固定。由于所支撑的各绕组的搭接，通过这种可供选择的方案得到一种特别安全的装置。
最后，按照一种特别有利的特点，成一对的两个线圈支撑件在轴向方向上移动这样一个距离，以便这两个支撑件之间在轴向方向上的面积本质上相当于极隙在径向方向上的那部分区域，极隙的这部分面积没有被一个线圈支撑件占据。由此确定，在成一对的每个支撑件之间，冷却气体在轴向方向上流动可利用的面积本质上等于在径向方向上可利用的面积，亦即极隙中的那个面积，在该面积空气流不被一个极支撑件妨碍。
各种旋转电机习惯上已经设计供6-30kV范围内的电压用，而通常认为30kV是个上限。这一般意味着，一个发电机必须经过一个变压器连接到电力网上，该变压器将电压升高到电力网的电压水平，亦即在约130-140kV电压范围内。
通过使用各种高压绝缘电导体，可将电机的电压增加到这样的水平，以致可以不用一个中间变压器而将它直接连接到电力网上，这些高压绝缘电导体也叫做高压电缆，它们具有与用于输送电力的电缆(如XLPE电缆)中所用类似的坚硬绝缘体。因此可以省去常规的变压器。然而，这样做的一个重要条件是可以配置令人满意的通风，因此用本发明可以这样做。
本发明首先打算供各种高压用。此处应将这些高压理解为超过10kV的平均电压。用于按照本发明的一个装置的典型工作范围可以是以36kV直到800kV的电压。其次，本发明打算供在所述电压低于36kV下的技术领域中用。
为了更好地理解本发明，现在将通过例子，参照附图说明一个实施例，其中：
图1示意示出一个旋转电机的侧视局部截面图，
图2a示出一个线圈支撑件的俯视详图，
图3示出另一个线圈支撑件的俯视详图，和
图4示出穿过一根高压电缆的横截面。
图1示出一种按照本发明的旋转电机，它是侧视局部截面图。该电机包括一个转子1和一个定子4，该转子1具有一个中心轴2，而定子4装备有一些绕组，这些绕组最好由高压电缆3构成，高压电缆3穿过定子中各槽引出。转子1以一种已知方式配置各极5、6，见图2和3。各极包括极片8、9，每个极片都装备绕组10、11，以形成螺线管。在装备各绕组的极之间，是一个称做极隙13的空间。因此在每一对电极之间都有一个极隙，并且这些极隙沿着整个各极，与转子的中心轴平行在轴向上延伸。
将线圈支撑件15、16配置在极隙中，以便将各螺线管绕组10、11保持在适当位置。所示实施例中的各线圈支撑件被设计成能成对工作。因此每个线圈支撑件都在靠近极隙的极上支撑一部分绕组，在极隙这里加上相关的线圈支撑件。
图2中的线圈支撑件15是一个带锥头端的楔形体，它的各侧边邻近线圈绕组。该线圈支撑件约填满径向方向上面积的一半，其极隙占据各绕组之间的空间。图2中的线圈支撑件被配置成支撑那些绕组，在各个相邻的极中，那些绕组是距转子的中心轴最远的。
然而，图3中的线圈支撑件被配置成支撑那些绕组，在各个相邻的极中，那些绕组是最接近转子的中心轴的。还有在这种情况下，线圈支撑件呈楔形体形状，尖端只是稍微截去，或者也许一点也不截去。该楔形体的各侧边与各绕组接触并支撑这些绕组。另外，在这里，该楔形体在各绕组之间的径向方向上，占据极隙中约一半可利用的面积。
因为对各线圈支撑件之间和通过这些线圈支撑件的气流来说，最好是尽可能均匀，所以，对气流可利用的面积来说，最好是近似相同的大小，而不管线圈支撑件是否如图2或如图3那样定位和设计。两个图中的线圈支撑件应该占据近似相等的区域。然而，每个线圈支撑件的更精确尺寸首先通过力争朝各线圈螺栓21和22采用相等的负载方向来控制，上述线圈螺栓21和22用于线圈支撑件15和16。按照本发明，成一对的两个线圈支撑件不必各支撑相同数目的绕组匝数。此外，因为由于安全的原因，适合于线圈支撑件成对地工作，以便能支撑两个线圈支撑件之间边界区域中的各绕组，因为在完全准确地安放各线圈支撑件时可能会遇到一定的困难，所以按照图3中实施例的线圈支撑件最好是支撑各绕组的一半稍多一点，而图2中的线圈支撑件支撑各绕组的一半左右。
线圈支撑件15、16二者均装备有用于连接到转子上的装置。在图示的例子中，各线圈支撑件均装备有中心孔19、20，穿过该孔可以加一个连接螺钉/支撑螺栓21、22或类似物。转子装备一相应的孔，以便连接螺钉可以穿过线圈支撑件并固定在转子中。
再参看图1，图1示出如何达到各极的通风和冷却。冷却空气的路线用箭头23表明。该电机包括一个风扇24，该风扇将冷却空气在轴向上从上面输送到可利用的空间中，亦即输送到各极之间的极隙中。利用此风扇将空气从转子的上侧运送到转子的下侧。空气在各线圈支撑件之间流动，因而使各绕组冷却，并且空气继续向下朝定子的下侧流动，在这里整个下面的线圈端部包25都被同一空气冷却。然后空气可以继续向上并穿过定子4出来，以便将定子4冷却。
最后，图4示出穿过一根高压电缆3的横截面，该高压电缆3特别适用于本发明。高压电缆3包括许多股绞合线部分31，这些绞合线部分例如用铜(Cu)制造，并具有圆形横截面。这些绞合线部分安装在高压电缆的中部。包围这些绞合线部分31的是第一半导电层32。包围第一半导电层32的是绝缘层33，例如交联聚乙烯(XLPE)绝缘体，包围绝缘层33的是第二半导电层34。图示的电缆与传统的高压电缆不同之处在于：通常包围这根电缆的外面机械式接地屏蔽和金属屏蔽被省去了。因此在本专利申请书中，“南压电缆”的概念不需要包括通常包围这根电缆的金属屏蔽和外面接地屏蔽用于配电。
在图示的实施例中，两个线圈支撑件可与将一个传统的线圈支撑件分成两部分相比，其中每个线圈支撑件径向上都较小，并且它们被配置在径向上距转子中心轴不同距离处。然而，本发明不想限于这个实施例，而是可以在如各从属权利要求所述的发明思想范围内改变，例如，通过各线圈支撑件彼此之间不同的形状和/或尺寸，或是通过以一种合适方式向各线圈支撑件提供一些小孔来改变，以便进一步增加可供冷却空气流利用的面积。

Claims (13)

1.一种旋转电机，包括一个定子(4)和一个转子(1)，所述定子(4)装备一些绕组，这些绕组插在各定子槽中，而转子(1)具有一个中心轴(2)和极(5，6)，并包括各线圈支撑件(15，16)，各极(5，6)呈极片(8，9)的形式，极片(8，9)装备有绕组并形成螺线管，其中转子极隙设置在各极之间，线圈支撑件(15，16)配置在上述极隙中，以便支撑螺线管绕组(10，11)，其特征在于：各线圈支撑件(15，16)成对配置；所述成一对的线圈支撑件(15，16)中的每一个都如此加工成一定形状，以便它只支撑两个相邻极(5，6)的螺线管中绕组(10，11)的一部分；将成对的两个线圈支撑件(15，16)在轴向上配置和彼此之间在径向上移动，以便让冷却气体在各线圈支撑件之间流动。
2.如权利要求1所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：绕组是可弯曲的，并包括一根导电芯线、一个绝缘层(33)、和一个外半导电层(34)，所述芯线被一内半导电层(32)包围，绝缘层(33)包围该内半导电层；并由坚硬的材料制成，而外半导电层包围该绝缘层，所述各层相互粘着。
3.如权利要求2所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：所述各层(32，33，34)由各种不同材料构成，这些材料具有这种弹性，并且这些材料的热膨胀系数之间具有这种关系，以致在工作期间由温度波动所引起的各层体积的改变可以被各种材料的弹性所吸收，因此在工作期间发生温度波动时，各层保持它们的相互粘合。
4.如权利要求3所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：所述各层(32，33，34)中的材料具有很高的弹性，优选的是具有一个小于500MPa的E-模量，最好是小于200MPa。
5.如权利要求3所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：各层(32，33，34)中材料的热膨胀系数具有本质上相同的量级。
6.如权利要求3所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：各层(32，33，34)之间的粘合至少具有与这些材料中最弱的材料相同的量级。
7.如权利要求2或3所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：每个半导电层(32，34)本质上构成一个等位面。
8.如权利要求2-7其中之一所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：定子(4)的各绕组由高压电缆(3)构成。
9.如权利要求8所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：高压电缆(3)具有一个在20-250mm范围内的直径和一个在80-3000mm2范围内的导电面积。
10.如上述权利要求其中之一所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：成对的两个线圈支撑件(15，16)中，每一个都本质上占据径向方向上相应极隙(13)面积的一半。
11.如上述权利要求其中之一所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：成对的两个线圈支撑件(15，16)中的一个被配置成本质上支撑两个相邻极(5，6)中各绕组(10，11)的一半；而两个线圈支撑件中的另一个被配置成本质上支撑所述各绕组的另一半。
12.如上述权利要求其中之一所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：成对的两个线圈支撑件(15，16)中的一个被配置或本质上支撑两个相邻的极(5，6)中各绕组(10，11)的一半；而两个线圈支撑件中的另一个被配置成支撑所述各绕组的另一半，并且支撑一个附加的小量绕组，以便固定所支撑的各绕组搭接部分。
13.如权利要求10、11或12所述的旋转电机，其特征在于：成对的两个线圈支撑件(15，16)在轴向上移动这样一个距离，以便两个线圈支撑件之间在轴向方向上的面积本质上相当于在径向方向上极隙(13)的那部分面积，这部分区域不被一个线圈支撑件占据。
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CN110853898A (zh) * 2019-11-21 2020-02-28 阳光电源股份有限公司 变压器及变压器加工工艺

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WO1998034328A1 (en) 1998-08-06
US20020125785A1 (en) 2002-09-12
AU724975B2 (en) 2000-10-05
PL334905A1 (en) 2000-03-27
US6646363B2 (en) 2003-11-11
AU5891598A (en) 1998-08-25
BR9807651A (pt) 2000-02-08

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