CN1134412C - N-取代的2-氰基吡咯烷 - Google Patents

N-取代的2-氰基吡咯烷 Download PDF

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CN1134412C
CN1134412C CNB971994978A CN97199497A CN1134412C CN 1134412 C CN1134412 C CN 1134412C CN B971994978 A CNB971994978 A CN B971994978A CN 97199497 A CN97199497 A CN 97199497A CN 1134412 C CN1134412 C CN 1134412C
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E·B·威尔豪尔
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Abstract

N-(N’取代的氨基乙酰基)-2-氰基吡咯烷,例如,通式I化合物,其中R定义参见说明书,是新化合物。它们有抑制DPP-IV(二肽基-肽酶-IV)的活性。因此它们可作为抑制DPP-IV和治疗DPP-IV介导的疾病,如非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,关节炎,肥胖,骨质疏松症和其它与受损葡萄糖耐受有关的疾病的药物。

Description

N-取代的2-氰基吡咯烷
所述技术领域
本发明涉及N-取代的2-氰基吡咯烷。更具体地说,本发明提供了新的N-氨基乙酰基-2-氰基吡咯烷衍生物。
背景技术
二肽基肽酶-IV(DPP-IV)是丝氨酸蛋白酶,它从肽链,优选在倒数第二位含有脯氨酸的肽链的N-末端裂解二肽。尽管DPP-IV在哺乳动物系统中的生物学作用还没有完全被确认,但认为它在神经肽代谢,T-细胞活化,癌细胞与内皮的附着和HIV进入淋巴细胞中起着重要作用。DPP-IV可导致胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)失活。更具体地说,DPP-IV裂解GLP-1氨基端的His-Ala二肽,产生GLP-1受体拮抗剂,因此缩短了对GLP-1的生理应答。由于DPP-IV裂解的半衰期比从循环中清除GLP-1的半衰期短得多,因此从DPP-IV抑制可使GLP-1生物活性明显增加(5-10倍)。由于GLP-1是胰腺胰岛素分泌的主要刺激物,且对葡萄糖的处理有直接的有益效果,DPP-IV抑制看来可作为治疗非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)的一种吸引人的途径。
尽管一系列DPP-IV抑制剂被描述,但所有这些都有涉及效能,稳定性或毒性的局限。因此,对于可用于治疗DPP-IV抑制介导的疾病且没有上述局限的新的DPP-IV抑制剂存在很大的需求。
发明概述
本发明提供了新的N-(N’-取代的氨基乙酰基)-2-氰基吡咯烷,它可有效地用作DPP-IV抑制剂治疗DPP-IV介导的疾病。本发明还涉及相应的药物组合物,它们的制备方法,抑制DPP-IV的方法包括对所需患者使用治疗有效量的化合物给药,还涉及化合物作为药物的用途,以及在制备治疗DPP-IV介导的疾病的药物中的应用。发明详述
本发明涉及N-(N’-取代的氨基乙酰基)-2-氰基吡咯烷,下面简称为“本发明化合物”,更具体地讲,本发明涉及通式I化合物,其为游离形式或酸加成盐:
Figure C9719949700061
其中R是:a)R1R1aN(CH2)m- 其中
         R1是被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基,卤素,三氟甲基,氰基或
         硝基任选地单取代或分别二取代的吡啶基或嘧啶基部分;被
         (C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基或卤素任选地单取代或分别二取代
         的苯基;
         R1a是氢或(C1-8)烷基;且
         m是2或3;b)(C3-12)环烷基,它在1位任选地被(C1-3)羟烷基单取代;c)R2(CH2)n- 其中
     R2是被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基,卤素任选地单取代或分别二取
     代或分别三取代的苯基或在苯环上被羟甲基任选地单取代的苯
     硫基;或(C1-8)烷基;被(C1-8)烷基任选地单取代或多取代的
     [3.1.1]双碳环部分;
     被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基或卤素任选地单取代或分别二取代的
     吡啶基或萘基部分;环己烯;或金刚烷基;且
     n是1-3;或
     R2是被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基或卤素任选地单取代或分别二取
     代的苯氧基;且
     n是2或3;d)(R3)2CH(CH2)2- 其中每个R3分别是被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基或卤素任
               选地单取代或分别二取代的苯基;e)R4(CH2)p- 其中R4是2-氧代吡咯烷基或(C2-4)烷氧基且
         p是2-4;f)异丙基,它在1-位被(C1-3)羟烷基任选地单取代;g)R5其中R5是:茚满基;被苄基任选地取代的吡咯烷基或哌啶基部分;
      任选地被(C1-8)烷基单取代或多取代的[2.2.1]或[3.1.1]双
      碳环部分;金刚烷基;或被羟基,羟甲基任选地单取代或分
      别多取代的(C1-8)烷基或被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基或卤素任
      选地单取代或分别二取代的苯基。
通式I化合物可以游离形式或酸加成盐形式存在。可用已知方法从游离形式恢复到酸加成盐形式,反之亦然。酸加成盐可以是例如那些药学上可接受的有机或无机酸的盐。尽管优选的酸加成盐是盐酸盐,但也可使用甲磺酸盐,硫酸盐,磷酸盐,柠檬酸盐,乳酸盐和乙酸盐。
本发明化合物可以光学活性异构体或非对映异构体形式存在,且可用常规技术分离或回收,如色谱法。
“烷基”和“烷氧基”可以是直链或支链的,支链的例子有异丙基和叔丁基。
R优选是定义如上的a),b)或e)。R1优选是定义如上的任选地取代的吡啶基或嘧啶基部分。R1a优选是氢。R2优选是定义如上的任选地取代的苯基。R3优选是未取代的苯基。R4优选是定义如上的烷氧基。R5优选是定义如上的任选地取代的烷基。m优选是2。n优选是1或2,特别优选2。p优选是2或3,特别优选3。
吡啶基优选是吡啶-2-基;它优选是未取代的或单取代的,优选在5-位。嘧啶基优选是嘧啶-2-基。它优选是未取代的或单取代的,优选在4-位。优选作为吡啶基和嘧啶基的取代基的是卤素,氰基和硝基,特别优选氯。
当是被取代时,苯基优选是单取代的;优选被卤素,特别是氯或甲氧基取代。优选在2-,4-和/或5-位被取代,特别优选在4-位。
(C3-12)环烷基优选是环戊基或环己基。当它是被取代时,优选被羟甲基取代。(C1-4)烷氧基优选有1或2个碳原子,优选是甲氧基。(C2-4)烷氧基优选有3个碳原子,特别优选异丙氧基。卤素是氟,氯,溴或碘,优选氟,氯或溴,特别优选氯。(C1-8)烷基优选是1-6,更优选1-4或3-5,特别是2或3个碳原子,或甲基。(C1-4)烷基优选是甲基或乙基,特别优选甲基。(C1-3)羟烷基优选羟甲基。
定义如上的任选地取代的[3.1.1]双碳环部分优选是在6位被甲基任选地二取代的双环[3.1.1]庚-2-基,或任选地被一个甲基在2-位且两个甲基在6-位三取代的双环[3.1.1]庚-3-基。定义如上的任选地取代的[2.2.1]双碳环部分优选是双环[2.2.1]庚-2-基。
萘基优选是1-萘基。环己烯优选是环己-1-烯-1-基。金刚烷基优选是1-或2-金刚烷基。
定义如上的任选地取代的吡咯烷基或哌啶基部分优选是吡咯烷-3-基或哌啶-4-基。当它是被取代时,优选是N-取代的。
本发明通式I化合物中优选的一组是其中R是R’的化合物(化合物Ia),其为游离形式或酸加成盐,其中R’是-R1’NH(CH2)2-其中R1’被卤素,三氟甲基,氰基或硝基任选地单取代
             或分别二取代的吡啶基;或未取代的嘧啶基;-(C3-7)环烷基,它非必需在1-位被(C1-3)羟烷基单取代;-R4’(CH2)3-其中R4’是(C2-4)烷氧基;或-R5,其中R5定义如上。
更优选的本发明通式I化合物是其中R是R”的化合物(化合物Ib),其为游离形式或酸加成盐形式,其中R”是:-R1”NH(CH2)2-其中R1”被卤素,三氟甲基,氰基或硝基单取代或
              分别二取代的吡啶基;-(C4-6)环烷基,它在1-位被(C1-3)羟烷基单取代;-R4’(CH2)3-其中R4’定义如上;或-R5’,其中R5’被(C1-8)烷基任选地单取代或多取代的[2.2.1]-或
      [3.1.1]双碳环;或金刚烷基。
更优选的本发明通式I化合物是其中R是R”’的化合物(化合物Ic),其为游离形式或酸加成盐,其中R”’是:-R1”NH(CH2)2- 其中R1”定义如上;-(C4-6)环烷基,它在1-位被羟甲基单取代;-R4’(CH2)3- 其中R4’定义如上;或-R5”,其中R5”是金刚烷基。
进一步优选的本发明化合物是化合物Ip,其中R是Rp的化合物,其为游离形式或药学上可接受的酸加成盐形式,其中:a)R1 pNH(CH2)2- 其中R1 p是被卤素,三氟甲基,氰基或硝基任选地单取代
              或分别二取代的吡啶基或嘧啶基部分;b)(C3-7)环烷基,它在1位任选地被(C1-3)羟烷基单取代;c)R2 p(CH2)2- 其中R2 p是被卤素或(C1-3)烷氧基任选地单取代或分别二取代
              或分别三取代的苯基;d)(R3 p)2CH(CH2)2- 其中每个R3 p分别是被卤素或(C1-3)烷氧基任选地单取代
                     的苯基;e)R4(CH2)3- 其中R4定义如上;或f)异丙基,它在1-位被(C1-3)羟烷基任选地单取代。
进一步优选的本发明化合物是化合物Is,其中R是Rs的化合物,其为游离形式或酸加成盐形式,其中:a)R1 sR1a s(CH2)ms- 其中R1 s是被氯,三氟甲基,氰基或硝基任选地单取代或
                   分别二取代的吡啶基;被氯或三氯甲基任选地单取
                   代的嘧啶基;或苯基;
                 R1a s是氢或甲基;且
                 ms是2或3;b)(C3-12)环烷基,它在1位任选地被羟甲基单取代;c)R2 s(CH2)ns- 其中
     R2 s是被卤素,1或2个碳原子的烷氧基任选地单取代或分别二
     取代或分别三取代的苯基或在苯环上被羟甲基单取代的苯硫
     基;(C1-6)烷基;6,6-二甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-2-基;吡啶基,萘
     基;环己烯;或金刚烷基;且ns是1-3;或
     R2 s苯氧基;且ns是2;d)(3,3-二苯基)丙基;e)R4 s(CH2)ps- 其中R4 s是2-氧代吡咯烷基-1-基或异丙氧基且
          ps是2或3;f)异丙基,它在1-位被羟甲基任选地单取代;g)R5 s其中R5 s是:茚满基;被苄基任选地N-取代的吡咯烷基或哌啶基部分;
        双环[2.2.1]庚-2-基;2,6,6-三甲基双环[3.1.1]庚-3
        -基;金刚烷基;或被羟基,羟甲基任选地单取代或分别二
        取代的(C1-8)烷基或苯基。
本发明化合物可通过偶合反应活性(2-氰基吡咯烷)羰基亚甲基化合物与合适的取代的胺制备;更具体地讲,为了制备本发明通式I化合物,包括使通式II化合物
Figure C9719949700101
其中X是反应活性基团,与化合物III
            NH2R                        III其中R如上所述反应,并以游离形式或酸加成盐形式回收所得通式I化合物。
X优选是卤素如溴,氯或碘。
此方法可用常规方式有效地进行。
通式II化合物优选与至少3当量的通式III伯胺反应。反应一般在惰性有机溶剂中进行,有机溶剂,优选环醚如四氢呋喃。反应温度一般在0℃-35℃,优选在0℃-25℃。
可使用常规方法将本发明化合物从反应混合物中分离出来并纯化,例如,色谱法。
起始材料也可用常规方法制备。
通式II化合物可用例如下面的两步反应制备:
                     步骤1                                                   步骤2
Figure C9719949700111
步骤1包括通式IV的吡咯烷与稍微摩尔过量的卤代乙酰卤化物如溴代乙酰溴化物或氯代乙酰氯化物和三乙胺以及催化量的二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)反应。反应一般在惰性溶剂中进行,有机溶剂,优选氯化的脂肪烃如二氯甲烷,在约0℃-约25℃,优选约0℃-约15℃反应。
步骤2涉及步骤1制备的通式V化合物的脱水反应,与至少2当量的三氟乙酸酐(TFAA)反应。脱水优选在惰性有机溶剂如四氢呋喃或氯化的脂肪烃如二氯甲烷中进行,在约0℃-约25℃进行,优选在约0℃-约15℃进行。
制备方法并不限于这里描述的方法,作为起始物的化合物是已知的或可用已知方法或类似于已知方法或下面实施例中描述的类似方法从已知化合物制备得到。
下列实施例用于举例说明本发明。所有温度都是摄氏度。实施例1:1-[2-[(5-氯代吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基氨基]乙酰基-2-氰基-(S)- 吡咯烷
向500ml烧瓶中加入16.6g 2-[(5-氯代吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙胺和100ml四氢呋喃并将混合物在冰浴中冷却。向冷却的混合物中加入7.0g(2-氰基吡咯烷基)羰基亚甲基-(S)-溴化物在30ml四氢呋喃中的溶液。所得混合物在0℃搅拌2小时,蒸除溶剂,并将混合物在乙酸乙酯和水之间分配。产物被萃取入乙酸乙酯层且水层用乙酸乙酯洗涤两次。合并有机层依次用水和盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥并浓缩得到所需游离碱化合物的粗产物。将粗产物用硅胶色谱纯化,使用5%甲醇在二氯甲烷中的混合物作为洗脱剂,得到游离碱形式的标题化合物,为浅棕色油状物。
将游离碱溶于30ml干燥的四氢呋喃中,用氯化氢气体向溶液中通气5秒。过滤形成的灰白色沉淀,用干燥的四氢呋喃洗涤并高真空除去溶剂,得到标题化合物的二盐酸盐(灰白色固体;m.p.265℃-267℃;NMR:参见表下面的*)。
起始材料如下获得:a)将22.37g(S)-2-氨基甲酰基吡咯烷,30.1ml三乙胺和30.0mg二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)溶于200ml二氯甲烷中,然后向溶液中滴加18.8ml溴代乙酰溴化物在192ml二氯甲烷中的冰冷却的溶液,在硫酸钙干燥管下放置60分钟。在硫酸钙干燥管下于冰水温度将混合物搅拌2小时,然后将其倒入3.5升乙酸乙酯中。过滤所得沉淀,用乙酸乙酯洗涤,浓缩滤液得到(2-氨基甲酰基吡咯烷基)-羰基亚甲基-(S)溴化物(深黄色粘稠物)。b)将50.0g上述a)中制备的溴化物溶于300ml二氯甲烷中并将溶液在硫酸钙干燥管下冰水浴冷却。将冷却的溶液用2分钟倒入60.2ml三氟乙酸酐,并将所得溶液在冰水温度硫酸钙干燥管下搅拌4小时,并在二氯甲烷和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液之间分配。产物萃取到二氯甲烷层且水层用二氯甲烷洗涤两次。合并有机层依次用水和盐水洗涤并用硫酸钠干燥。过滤溶液并旋转蒸发和高真空除去溶剂,得到(2-氰基吡咯烷基)羰基亚甲基-(S)-溴化物(深黄色固体)。
本发明的下列通式I化合物是使用相应的通式II化合物与相应的通式III化合物用类似地的反应获得的(下表中,当只提酸加成盐形式的本发明化合物,化合物不用分离从游离碱形式回收):实施例               R               形式  类似于实施                          特征数据No.                                        例No.2    2-[(5-CF3-吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基   b    11)     金色油状物;NMR*3    2-[(5-氰基吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基    b    1        金色油状物
                                  dch  1        灰白色沉淀,m.p.155-157℃;NMR*;[α]D 20=-77.2°(c=0.012,
                                                甲醇)4    2-[(嘧啶-2-基)氨基]乙基          b    21a)    金色油状物;NMR*5    (1-羟甲基)环戊-1-基              b    12)     黄色固体;m.p.65-67℃;NMR*6    2-[(吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基          b    23)     金色油状物;NMR*7A   2-[(4-氯嘧啶-2-基)氨基]乙基      b    2        黄褐色固体;NMR*7B   2-[(3-氯吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基      b    2        金色油状物;NMR*7C   2-[(4-CF3-嘧啶-2-基)氨基]乙基   b    2        金色油状物;NMR*7D   2-(2-氯苯基)乙基                 b    2        NMR*7E   (3,3-二苯基)丙基                b    2        NMR*8    2-[(5-硝基吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基    b    53a)    亮黄色粘稠油状物;NMR*9A    2-[(3-氯-5-CF3-吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基   b     23b)      金色油状物;NMR*9B    2-[(3-CF3-吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基        b     23b)      金色油状物;NMR*9C    2-[(3,5-二氯吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基      b     23b)      金色油状物;NMR*10    环戊-1-基                             b     2          黄褐色固体
                                        ch    1          白色固体;NMR*11    2-(2-溴-4,5-二甲氧苯基)乙基          b     53a)      澄清淡黄色,粘稠油状物;NMR*12    3-(异丙氧)丙基                        b     1          棕色油状物
                                        ch    1          白色固体,174-176℃;NMR*13    2-羟基-1,1-二甲基乙基                b     24)       金色油状物
                                        ch    1          棕色固体;NMR*14    3-(2-氧吡咯烷-1-基)丙基               b     25)       金色油状物
                                        ch    1          黄褐色固体;NMR*15    1-羟甲基环己基                        b     16)       黄色蜡状固体;m.p.93℃;13C-NMR:118.1(ppm)16    2-(4-乙氧苯基)乙基                    ch    1          白色固体;m.p.182-184℃;13C-NMR:121.4(ppm)17    1-苯基甲基-3-(R)-吡咯烷基             dch   17)       灰白色固体;m.p.175-177℃;13C-NMR:121.5(ppm)18    2-(4-甲氧苯基)乙基                    ch    1          白色固体;m.p.185-187℃;13C-NMR:121.4(ppm)19    2-(3-甲氧苯基)乙基                    ch    1          淡黄色固体;m.p.172-174℃;13C-NMR:119.25ppm)20    (1-萘基)甲基                          ch    1          淡黄色固体;m.p.130-135℃;13C-NMR:119.29ppm)21    3-苯基丙基                            ch    1          灰白色蓬松固体;13C-NMR:119.26(ppm)22    3-[(苯基)(甲基)氨基]丙基                 dch   1      白色固体;m.p.96-98℃(泡沫);13C-NMR:121.6(ppm)23    2-(3,4-二甲氧苯基)乙基                  ch    1      白色固体;m.p.170-172℃;13C-NMR:121.5(ppm)24    环庚基                                   ch    1      白色固体;m.p.68-70℃;13C-NMR:121.4(ppm)25    [1S[1α,2α(S*),5α]]-(6,6-二甲基双   ch    18)   白色固体;m.p.275-279℃(分解);13C-NMR:119.17(ppm)
  环[3.1.1]-庚-2-基)甲基26    2-(2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙基                  ch    1      白色蓬松固体;m.p.65-67℃;13C-NMR:119.25(ppm)27    2-(1-环己烯-1-基)乙基                    ch    1      灰白色蓬松固体;m.p.162-164℃;13C-NMR:119.27(ppm)28    环己基                                   ch    1      白色蓬松固体;m.p.182-184℃;13C-NMR:119.28(ppm)29    [1S[1α,2α(S*),5α]]-双环[2.2.1]庚-   ch    19)   白色固体,m.p.98-100℃;13C-NMR:118.36(ppm)
  2-基30    2-(2-吡啶基)乙基                         dch   1      白色固体;m.p.95-97℃;13C-NMR:121.5(ppm)31    (2-苯基氨基)乙基                         dch   1      白色固体;m.p.124-126℃;13C-NMR:121.4(ppm)32    3,3-二甲基丁基                          ch    1      白色固体;m.p.164-166℃;13C-NMR:121.5(ppm)33    [1S[1α,2β,3α(S*),5α]]-2,6,6-三甲ch    110)  白色固体;m.p.82-84℃;13C-NMR:121.5(ppm)
  基双环[3.1.1]-庚-3-基34    [S,S]-(1-羟甲基)丙基                    ch    111)  灰白色固体;m.p.80-82℃;13C-NMR:118.2(ppm)35    [2-[(2-羟甲基)苯基]硫代]苯基甲基         ch    112)  黄色固体;m.p.65-67℃;13C-NMR:121.4(ppm)36    2-(2-甲氧苯基)乙基                       ch    1      灰白色固体;m.p.174-176℃;13C-NMR:121.7(ppm)37    5-羟基戊基                               ch    1      粘性淡绿色固体;13C-NMR:121.67(ppm)38    环丁基                                 ch    1       灰白色固体;m.p.274-278℃(分解);13C-NMR:121.64(ppm)39    2-(2,4-二氯苯基)乙基                  ch    1       白色蓬松固体;m.p.154-156℃;13C-NMR:121.48(ppm)40    1-(S)-(+)-羟甲基-3-甲基丁基            ch    113)   淡黄色固体;m.p.65-66℃;13C-NMR:117.99(ppm)41    [1R*,2S*]-2-羟基-2-苯基乙基           ch    114)   淡黄色固体;m.p.82-83℃;13C-NMR:118.35(ppm)42    2-(2-氟苯基)乙基                       ch    1       白色固体;m.p.160-162℃;13C-NMR:121.70(ppm)43    环丙基                                 ch    1       灰白色固体;m.p.170-172℃;13C-NMR:121.62(ppm)44    [1S[1S,2S,3S,5R]]-2,6,6-三甲基双环ch    115)   白色固体;m.p.84-86℃;13C-NMR:121.80(ppm)
  [3.1.1]庚-3-基45    (2-苯氧)乙基                           ch    1       粘性金黄色固体;13C-NMR:121.7(ppm)46    2-(3,5-二甲氧苯基)乙基                ch    1       白色蓬松固体;m.p.74-76℃;13C-NMR:121.66(ppm)47    1-金刚烷基                             ch    1       白色固体;m.p.240-242℃;13C-NMR:121.80(ppm)48    1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基                  ch    1       白色蓬松固体;m.p.68-70℃;13C-NMR:121.55(ppm)49    2-金刚烷基                             ch    1       灰白色固体;m.p.122-124℃;13C-NMR:121.69(ppm)50    1,1-二甲基丙基                        ch    1       白色蓬松固体;m.p.62-64℃;13C-NMR:121.53(ppm)51    苄基                                   ch    1       白色固体;m.p.58-60℃;13C-NMR:121.38(ppm)52    1,1-二甲基乙基                        ch    1       白色固体;m.p.226-228℃;13C-NMR:121.56(ppm)53    (2-金刚烷基)甲基                       ch    1       白色固体;m.p.158-160℃;13C-NMR:121.53(ppm)54    2-苯基乙基                             ch    1       白色固体;m.p.275-280℃(分解);13C-NMR:121.52(ppm)55    戊基                                   ch    1       白色固体;m.p.176-178℃;13C-NMR:121.67(ppm)56    丁基                             ch    1       白色固体;m.p.180-182℃;13C-NMR:121.53(ppm)57    环十二烷基                       ch    1       白色蓬松固体;13C-NMR:121.52(ppm)58    环辛基                           ch    1       白色蓬松固体;13C-NMR:121.64(ppm)59    丙基                             ch    1       白色固体;m.p.193-194℃;13C-NMR:121.57(ppm)60    乙基                             ch    1       灰白色粘性固体;13C-NMR:121.67(ppm)61    庚基                             ch    1       白色固体;m.p.170-172℃;13C-NMR:121.7(ppm)62    己基                             ch    1       白色固体;m.p.174-176℃;13C-NMR:121.75(ppm)63    3-[(5-氰基-2-吡啶基)氨基]丙基    dch   116)   白色粘性固体;m.p.210-212℃;13C-NMR:119.33(ppm)64    1-乙基丙基                       ch    1       白色蓬松粘性固体;13C-NMR:119.35(ppm)65    2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基             ch    1       白色固体;m.p.182-184℃;13C-NMR:121.38(ppm)66    1-苄基哌啶-4-基                  ch    1       白色固体;280-283℃(分解);13C-NMR:121.39(ppm)b=游离碱形式  ch=单盐酸盐形式;dch=二盐酸盐形式dec.=分解     m.p.=熔点        Ex.=实施例1)从2-[(5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙胺在四氢呋喃中的溶液开始,使用5%甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液作为洗脱剂1a)使用10%甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液作为洗脱剂2)使用(1-羟甲基)环戊胺在无水四氢呋喃中在室温硫酸钙干燥管下反应18小时,3)使用二氨甲烷,甲醇和氢氧化铵90∶10∶0.5作为洗脱剂3a)使用快速色谱,使用5%甲醇在二氯甲烷中的混合物作为洗脱剂3b)使用3%甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液作为洗脱剂4)使用二氯甲烷,甲醇和氢氧化铵80∶20∶1作为洗脱剂5)使用二氯甲烷,甲醇和氢氧化铵90∶10∶1作为洗脱剂6)使(1-氨基环己烷)甲醇在四氢呋喃中与1-氯代乙酰基-2-(S)-氰基吡咯烷(从氯代乙酰氯化物和L-脯氨酸酰胺制备且使所得反应产物与三氟乙酸酐反应)在冰温度硫酸钙干燥管下反应,用硅胶纯化反应混合物,使用5%甲醇在二氯甲烷中的溶液作为洗脱剂7)使用(3R)-(-)-1-苄基-3-氨基吡咯烷作为起始材料8)使用(-)-顺式-桃金娘烷胺(myrtanylamine)作为起始物9)使用(+/-)-外-2-氨基降冰片烷(norbornane)作为起始物10)使用(1R,2R,3R,5S)-(-)-异松蒎胺(isopinocampheylamine)作为起始物11)使用(S)-(+)-2-氨基-1-丁醇作为起始物12)使用2-(2-氨基甲基)苯硫基)苄基醇作为起始物13)使用(S)-(+)-亮氨醇(leucinol)作为起始物14)使用(1R,2S)-(-)-降麻黄碱作为起始物15)使用(1S,2S,3S,5R)-(+)-异松蒎胺(isopinocampheylamine)作为起始物16)使用2-(3-氨基丙基氨基)-5-氰基吡啶作为起始物*NMR
化合物# 13C-NMR(MHz,溶剂)dppm(CN)
Ex.5 13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)    d 119.64ppm(CN)
Ex.12 13C NMR(75MHz,D2O)      d 121.63ppm(CN)
Ex.1 13C NMR(75MHz,D2O)      d 121.60ppm(CN)
Ex.3 13C NMR(75MHz,D2O)      d 120.42ppm(CN)
Ex.8 13C NMR(75MHz,DMSO)     d 119.13ppm(CN)
Ex.7B 13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)    d 118.23ppm(CN)
Ex.9A 13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)    d 119.68ppm(CN)
Ex.9B 13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)    d 119.66ppm(CN)
Ex.9C 13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)    d 119.68ppm(CN)
Ex.6 13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)    d 119.84ppm(CN)
Ex.7C 13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)    d 118.23ppm(CN)
Ex.2 13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)    d 119.68ppm(CN)
Ex.7A 13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)    d 119.66ppm(CN)
Ex.4 13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)    d 119.66ppm(CN)
Ex.10 13C NMR(75MHz,D2O)      d 121.69ppm(CN)
Ex.11 13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)    d 118.31ppm(CN)
Ex.7D 13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)    d 119.63ppm(CN)
Ex.7E 13C NMR(75MHz,CD3OD)    d 119.64ppm(CN)
Ex.13 13C NMR(75MHz,D2O)      d 121.52ppm(CN)
Ex.14 13C NMR(75MHz,D2O)      d 121.52ppm(CN)
本发明化合物,其为游离碱形式或药学上可接受的酸加成盐形式,下面简称为“本发明药剂”,更具体地说,通式I化合物的游离碱形式或酸加成盐形式具有药理学活性。因此它们可用作药物。
具体地说,它们抑制DPP-IV。此活性可使用Caco-2 DPP-IV分析证明,它从人结肠癌细胞提取物测定试验化合物抑制DPP-IV活性的能力。人结肠癌细胞系Caco-2可从美国典型培养物中心(ATCC HTB 37)获得。可按照Reisher等在 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA90(1993)5757-5761中描述的完成细胞分化诱导DPP-IV表达。将细胞溶解在10mM Tris-HCl,0.15MNaCl,0.04t.i.u(胰蛋白酶抑制单位)抑肽酶,0.5%非离子去污剂P40,pH8的溶液中,将其在4℃35000g离心30分钟以除去细胞碎屑来制取细胞提取物。加入20μg溶解的Caco-2蛋白进行分析,在分析缓冲液(25mMTris-HCl pH7.4,140mM NaCL,10mM KCl,1%牛血清白蛋白)中稀释至最终体积125μl并加入微量滴定平板扎中。加入25μl 1mM底物(H-Ala-Pro-pNA;pNA是对硝基苯胺)启动反应。反应在室温进行10分钟,然后加入19μl 25%冰醋酸终止反应。试验化合物通常以30μl的加入量加入,且分析缓冲液的体积减至95μl。使用0-500μM游离pNA分析缓冲液作游离对硝基苯胺的标准曲线。所产生的曲线是线性的并用于内标底物消耗量(n摩尔裂解底物的催化活性/分钟)。在Molecular Devices UV Max微量滴定平板阅读机中405nm测量吸光度来决定终点。试验化合物作为DPP-IV抑制剂的潜力用IC50表示,从8-点,剂量-应答曲线使用4-参数逻辑函数计算得到。
在上述试验中,约10nM-约900nM的IC50值是用本发明的药剂得到的,例如,实施例3的药剂的IC50值是22nM。
还可以通过使用Kuhota等在 Clin.Exp.Immunol.89(1992)192-197中描述的方法的改进版本在人和鼠血浆中测定试验化合物对DPP-IV活性的影响。简言之,在96孔平底微量滴定平板(Falcon)中加入5μl血浆,然后加入5μl 80mM MgCl2的培养缓冲液(25mM HEPES,140mM NaCl,1%RIA级BSA,pH7.8)。在室温保温5分钟后,加入10μl含0.1mM底物(H-Gly-Pro-AMC;AMC是7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素)的培养缓冲液启动反应。平板用铝箔盖住(或保存在黑暗中)并在室温保温20分钟。反应20分钟后,使用CytoFluor2350荧光计(激发380nm发射460nm;灵敏度设定为4)测定荧光。试验化合物通常以2μl的加入量加入,且分析缓冲液的体积减至13μl。使用0-50μM游离AMC在分析缓冲液中的溶液作游离AMC的荧光浓度曲线。所产生的曲线是线性的并用于内标底物消耗量(n摩尔裂解底物的催化活性/分钟)。如前所述,试验化合物作为DPP-IV抑制剂的潜力用IC50表示,从8-点,剂量-应答曲线使用4-参数逻辑函数计算得到。
在上述分析中,约7nM-约2000nM的IC50值是从人血浆获得的,约3nM-约400nM的IC50值是从鼠血浆获得的,例如,实施例3的药剂在人血清中的IC50值是7nM,在鼠血清中是6nM。
至于它们抑制DPP-IV的能力,本发明的试剂被证明可用于治疗DPP-IV介导的疾病。预计这里公开的化合物可用于治疗非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,关节炎,肥胖,和骨质疏松症如降钙素-骨质疏松症。本发明的药剂对口服葡萄糖的挑战可改善早期胰岛素应答,并因此被证明可用于治疗非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病和与受损的葡萄糖耐受性(IGT)相关的其它疾病。
本发明试剂改善对口服葡萄糖挑战的早期胰岛素应答的能力例如可按照下述方法在胰岛素耐受鼠中测定:
用高脂肪饮食(饱和脂肪=57%卡路里)喂养雄性Sprague-Dawley鼠2-3周,在试验那天禁食约2小时,分为8-10只一组,口服10μmol/kg试验化合物的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)压片。30分钟后口服葡萄糖大丸剂1g/kg直接给药到试验动物的胃中。对从慢颈静脉血管导管不同时间点获得的血样进行血浆葡萄糖和免疫活性胰岛素(IRI)浓度,以及血浆DPP-IV活性分析。用双抗体放射性免疫分析(RIA)法使用从LincoResearch(St.Louis,MO,US)获得的特异性抗-鼠胰岛素抗体分析血浆胰岛素水平。RIA的检测低限为0.5μU/ml且内外分析变化小于5%。数据用对照动物的平均增长%表示。
已发现,在口服给药的基础上,每个试验化合物都能扩大早期胰岛素应答并因此改善胰岛素耐受动物对葡萄糖的耐受性。得到下列结果:
    化合物 在10μmol/kg胰岛素应答的增加
    Ex.1     61%
    Ex.3     66%
    Ex.5     108%
    Ex.8     144%
    Ex.12     59%
使用本发明药剂治疗DPP-IV抑制介导的疾病的精确用量根据各种因素变化,包括主体,要治疗疾病的性质和严重程度,给药方式和所使用的特定化合物。但是,一般地,当使用本发明试剂经肠道给药例如,口服,或非肠道给药,如静脉内给药,优选口服,以日剂量约0.002mg/kg至约5mg/kg,优选约0.02mg/kg至约2.5mg/kg体重,对大多数较大的灵长目动物,日剂量约0.1mg-约250mg,优选约1mg-约100mg,就可有效地治疗DPP-IV抑制介导的疾病。典型的口服剂量单位为约0.01mg/kg至约0.75mg/kg,每天1-3次。通常,开始时使用小剂量逐渐增加直至已确定被处理主体的最佳剂量。剂量的上限是由副反应限定的且可通过对被治疗主体进行试验决定。
本发明药剂可与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体和,非必需地,一种或多种药学上可接受的助剂结合经肠道给药,例如,以片剂,胶囊,caplets等形式口服,或经非肠道给药,例如,以无菌注射液或悬浮液的形式静脉内给药。肠道和非肠道给药组合物可按照常规方法制备。
本发明药剂可被制成肠道和非肠道给药药物组合物,此组合物含有治疗DPP-IV介导的疾病有效量的活性物质,此组合物可制成单位剂量形式,且组合物含有药学上可接受的载体。
本发明药剂可以例如通式I的纯对映体(S)形式(例如,≥98%,优选≥99%,纯度)的形式给药,或与其它对映体,例如以外消旋的形式给药。上述剂量范围是基于通式I化合物的(不包括R对映体的量)。
本发明还包括本发明药剂,特别涉及定义如上的通式I化合物的游离形式或酸加成盐形式用作药物的用途。本发明进一步包括含有本发明药剂的药物组合物,特别是定义如上的通式I化合物的游离形式或药学上可接受的酸加成盐形式与至少一种药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂结合。本发明还涉及使用本发明药剂,特别是,定义如上的通式I化合物的游离形式或药学上可接受的酸加成盐形式在制备抑制DPP-IV或治疗DPP-IV介导的疾病的药物中的应用,它通过混合本发明药剂与药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂制备。本发明进一步提供了抑制DPP-IV的方法,或治疗DPP-IV介导的疾病的方法,包括对需要这种治疗的患者施用治疗有效量的本发明化合物,特别是,通式I化合物的游离形式或药学上可接受的酸加成盐形式。
实施例1,3,5,8和12的药剂是本发明优选的药剂,特别是实施例1,3,5和12的药剂,优选盐酸盐形式,特别是实施例3,名称为1-[2-[(5-氰基吡啶-2-基)氨基]-乙基氨基]乙酰基-2-氰基-(S)-吡咯烷,优选二盐酸加成盐形式。已测定,它们的盐酸盐形式的IC50值在Caco-2 DPP-IV分析中,分别是36,22,26,8和279nM,且在上述改进的Kubota分析中,对人和鼠血浆DPP-IV的IC50值分别是,27和22nM(实施例1);7和6nM(实施例3);37和18nM(实施例5);12和11nM(实施例8);和95和38nM(实施例12)。因此,显示上述实施例1,3,5,8和12的化合物可用于较大的哺乳动物,例如人,可使用与常规使用的二甲双胍类似的剂量和类似的给药方式。

Claims (9)

1、通式I化合物,其为游离形式或酸加成盐形式:
Figure C9719949700021
其中R是:a)R1R1aN(CH2)m- 其中
         R1是被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基,卤素,三氟甲基,氰基或
         硝基任选地单取代或分别二取代的吡啶基或嘧啶基部分;被
         (C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基或卤素任选地单取代或分别二取代
         的苯基;
         R1a是氢或(C1-8)烷基;且
         m是2或3;b)(C3-12)环烷基,它在1位任选地被(C1-3)羟烷基单取代;c)R2(CH2)n- 其中
     R2是被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基,卤素任选地单取代或分别二取
     代或分别三取代的苯基或在苯环上被羟甲基任选地单取代的苯
     硫基;或(C1-8)烷基;被(C1-8)烷基任选地单取代或多取代的
     [3.1.1]双碳环部分;
     被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基或卤素任选地单取代或分别二取代的
     吡啶基或萘基部分;环己烯;或金刚烷基;且
     n是1-3;或
     R2是被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基或卤素任选地单取代或分别二取
     代的苯氧基;且
     n是2或3;d)(R3)2CH(CH2)2- 其中每个R3分别是被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基或卤素任
                  选地单取代或分别二取代的苯基;e)R4(CH2)p- 其中R4是2-氧代吡咯烷基或(C2-4)烷氧基且
          p是2-4;f)异丙基,它在1-位被(C1-3)羟烷基任选地单取代;g)R5,其中R5是:茚满基;被苄基任选地取代的吡咯烷基或哌啶基部分;
        任选地被(C1-8)烷基单取代或多取代的[2.2.1]或[3.1.1]双
        碳环部分;金刚烷基;或被羟基,羟甲基任选地单取代或分
        别多取代的(C1-8)烷基或被(C1-4)烷基,(C1-4)烷氧基或卤素任
        选地单取代或分别二取代的苯基。
2、权利要求1的化合物,其为游离形式或酸加成盐形式,即化合物Ip,其中R是Rp,其中Rp是:a)R1 pNH(CH2)2- 其中R1 p是被卤素,三氟甲基,氰基或硝基任选地单取代
              或分别二取代的吡啶基或嘧啶基部分;b)(C3-7)环烷基,它在1位被(C1-3)羟烷基任选地单取代;c)R2 p(CH2)2- 其中R2 p是卤素或(C1-3)烷氧基任选地单取代或分别二取代或
              分别三取代的苯基;d)(R3 p)2CH(CH2)2- 其中每个R3 p分别是被卤素或(C1-3)烷氧基任选地单取代
                     的苯基;e)R4(CH2)3- 其中R4定义如上;或f)异丙基,它在1-位被(C1-3)羟烷基任选地单取代。
3、权利要求1的化合物,其为游离形式或酸加成盐形式的1-[2-[(5-氰基吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基氨基]乙酰-2-氰基-(S)-吡咯烷,
4、权利要求1的通式I化合物,其中R是-2-[(5-氯吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基,或-(1-羟甲基)环戊-1-基,或-2-[(5-硝基吡啶-2-基)氨基]乙基,或-3-(异丙氧)丙基,其游离形式或酸加成盐形式。
5、制备权利要求1的式(I)化合物的方法,包括使通式II化合物
Figure C9719949700041
其中X是反应活性基团,与化合物III反应,
           NH2R                     III其中,R定义如权利要求1,并以游离形式或酸加成盐形式回收所得化合物。
6、药物组合物,含有游离形式或药学上可接受的酸加成盐形式的权利要求1-4任一项的化合物,和至少一种药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂。
7、游离形式或药学上可接受的酸加成盐形式的权利要求1-4任一项的化合物用于制备药物的用途。
8、下式II的化合物
Figure C9719949700042
其中X为卤素。
9、权利要求8的化合物,其中X为氯或溴。
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