CN107422717A - 运载工具安全模块系统 - Google Patents

运载工具安全模块系统 Download PDF

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CN107422717A
CN107422717A CN201710281655.4A CN201710281655A CN107422717A CN 107422717 A CN107422717 A CN 107422717A CN 201710281655 A CN201710281655 A CN 201710281655A CN 107422717 A CN107422717 A CN 107422717A
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delivery vehicle
strategy
security module
vehicle security
authorization token
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CN107422717B (zh
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T.R.马克哈姆
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Garrett Power Technology (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd.
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L12/40169Flexible bus arrangements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0218Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
    • G05B23/0256Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults injecting test signals and analyzing monitored process response, e.g. injecting the test signal while interrupting the normal operation of the monitored system; superimposing the test signal onto a control signal during normal operation of the monitored system
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/023Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
    • B60R16/0231Circuits relating to the driving or the functioning of the vehicle
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07CTIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/08Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
    • G07C5/0808Diagnosing performance data
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
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    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/02Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls
    • H04L63/0227Filtering policies
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/10Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
    • H04L63/102Entity profiles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/321Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving a third party or a trusted authority
    • H04L9/3213Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving a third party or a trusted authority using tickets or tokens, e.g. Kerberos
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3226Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using a predetermined code, e.g. password, passphrase or PIN
    • H04L9/3228One-time or temporary data, i.e. information which is sent for every authentication or authorization, e.g. one-time-password, one-time-token or one-time-key
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3247Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3263Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving certificates, e.g. public key certificate [PKC] or attribute certificate [AC]; Public key infrastructure [PKI] arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
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    • H04W12/088Access security using filters or firewalls
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20Pc systems
    • G05B2219/24Pc safety
    • G05B2219/24065Real time diagnostics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L2012/40208Bus networks characterized by the use of a particular bus standard
    • H04L2012/40215Controller Area Network CAN
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L2012/40267Bus for use in transportation systems
    • H04L2012/40273Bus for use in transportation systems the transportation system being a vehicle

Abstract

本发明涉及运载工具安全模块系统。一种运载工具安全系统,其具有控制器区域网总线、连接到控制器区域网总线的电子控制单元、连接到控制器区域网总线的运载工具安全模块以及连接到运载工具安全模块的机载诊断连接器。运载工具安全系统可以根据策略辨别被输入到机载诊断连接器的已授权和未授权信号。已授权信号可以被运载工具安全模块转送到控制器区域网总线。已授权信号可以经由电子控制单元来影响运载工具的组件中的一个或多个的操作。已授权信号可以改变运载工具安全模块所使用的策略。未授权信号可以被拒绝进入到控制器区域网总线。机载诊断连接器可以从诊断仪表、控制仪表、跟踪仪表、软件狗等接收信号。

Description

运载工具安全模块系统
技术领域
本公开涉及运载工具(vehicle)电子装置且更特别地涉及机载诊断系统。
发明内容
本公开揭示了一种运载工具安全系统,其具有控制器区域网总线、连接到该控制器区域网总线的电子控制单元、连接到该控制器区域网总线的运载工具安全模块以及连接到该运载工具安全模块的机载诊断连接器。运载工具安全系统可以根据策略辨别被输入到机载诊断连接器的已授权和未授权信号。已授权信号可以被运载工具安全模块转送到控制器区域网总线。已授权信号可以经由电子控制单元来影响运载工具的组件中的一个或多个的操作。已授权信号可以改变运载工具安全模块所使用的策略。未授权信号可以被拒绝进入到控制器区域网总线。机载诊断连接器可以从诊断仪表、控制仪表、跟踪仪表、软件狗等接收信号。
附图说明
图1是用于运载工具的机载诊断计算机布置的图;
图2是运载工具原始设备制造商、策略改变请求方、运载工具安全模块和仪表(诸如软件狗)的交互的图;
图3是图示出默认运载工具安全模块和策略的授权令牌改变的表格的图;
图4是图示出策略选择、授权令牌选择和各选择产生的策略的表格的图;
图5是示出了授权令牌的示例性实施方式的图;
图6是运载工具安全模块电路板的图;
图7是到运载工具安全模块的接口的图;
图8是针对运载工具安全模块而修改的示例性架构的图;
图9是用于运载工具安全模块的电路的示例的图;以及
图10a至10j是图9中的电路的放大部分的图。
具体实施方式
本系统和方法可以在本文中所述和/或所示的实施方式中结合一个或多个处理器、计算机、控制器、用户接口、无线和/或有线连接等。
本描述可以提供实现本系统和方法的一个或多个例证性且特定的示例或方式。可以存在实现本系统和方法的许多其它示例或方式。
可以对图中的符号进行参考。符号可以具有虚拟上任何形状(例如,块),并且可以标出硬件、对象、活动、步骤、程序及其它项目。
本思想是关于运载工具安全模块以及如何在放进合法个体(例如,已授权机械工)的同时阻止未授权入侵者进入所述运载工具安全模块。在高层级,本系统和方法可以提出一种电子密钥系统,其为运载工具制造商提供了规定谁可以进入运载工具安全模块(VSM)且一旦在其中他们可以改变其哪些部分或位(bit)的能力。可以将运载工具制造商视为原始设备制造商(OEM)。该术语在本文中可以可互换地使用。
本系统和方法使用唯一授权“令牌”,其精确地规定对VSM许可什么层级的访问和/或可以对VSM策略进行什么改变,并且可以具有例如被用来确保只有已授权实体在使用令牌的公钥/私钥配对。可以存在用以确保授权令牌被安全地传递至VSM并被其接受的多个方式。
机载诊断(OBD)是汽车术语,指的是运载工具的自诊断和报告能力。OBD系统可以出现在当今在路上的许多汽车和轻型卡车中。本OBD可以提供几乎完整的引擎控制,并且还监视汽车的底盘、车身和附件设备的各部分以及诊断控制网络。现代OBD实施方式可以使用标准化数字通信端口或连接器来除标准化的一系列诊断故障代码(DTC)之外还提供实时数据,其可以允许快速地识别和补救运载工具内的故障。
本系统可以使用其设备中的授权令牌。该系统不一定需要互联网连接。互联网连接可能适合于在修理车间中的运载工具,但是其可能不一定适合于具有保险或调谐软件狗的正在公路上运转的运载工具。
系统不一定只允许诊断工具从已被编程到电子控制单元(ECU)或运载工具安全模块中的预先存在的作用中进行选择。系统可以允许灵活地修改基础安全策略,使得在ECU制造时未预料到的新特征或访问配置文件可以得到本方法的支持。另外,如果在基础安全策略中发现安全缺陷,则可以使用本方法来修改该策略以降低危及安全的风险。
本方法不一定在每个ECU中要求一组基于作用的策略。本方法可以在VSM处实行策略。因此,本方法可以防止OBD II端口处的设备在控制器区域网CAN总线上注入业务量。因此,在本方案内非诊断命令(类似于转动方向盘、将车门解锁等)可能不一定要经由OBD II发送到运载工具。本系统可以对可能打算被注入到CAN总线中的消息进行过滤。
图1是用于运载工具的机载诊断(OBD)计算机布置的图。接口或连接器11可以为诊断或控制仪表(诸如软件狗)提供输入。仪表12可以为高速CAN总线21上的电子控制单元(ECU)13、14和15以及中速CAN总线22上的ECU 16、17和18的控制或编程提供输入。在ECU与接口11之间的可以是可以限制对ECU的输入和输出的访问的VSM 19。VSM 19可以结合被集成在VSM电子装置中的网关。就到总线21和22以及各ECU 13-18的输入和输出而言,允许什么可以是基于策略。
运载工具制造商可能需要通过在同时满足与运载工具的修理和修改的权限有关的法律和所有者期望的同时限制设备或软件应用可以如何修改运载工具的操作来管理诸如责任之类的问题的能力。本系统和方法可以允许运载工具制造商通过控制何时实行策略以及实行策略的哪些部分来管理运载工具安保/安全策略和关联责任。因此,可以允许运载工具制造商选择性地修改运载工具中的策略。
可以存在用于将策略改变授权令牌安全地分发到运载工具安全模块的许多变型。一个方法可以结合软件狗对。下面给出了示例。可以进行密钥创建和授权令牌到软件狗中的加载。可以如鉴于图2中的图示60所示的那样创建公钥材料和对应的公钥基础设施,以下各项:1)原始设备制造商(OEM)61可以在图示60的拐角62处创建公钥/私钥对;2)运载工具安全模块63也可以创建其自己的公钥/私钥对;OEM 61可以沿着线64将OEM公钥嵌入运载工具安全模块63中;3)策略改变请求方(PCR)65可以在从图示60的拐角62开始的线69的末端处的拐角66处创建公钥/私钥对;4)OEM 61可以使用OEM私钥来对包含PCR 65身份和PCR公钥的证书(例如,X.509v3)进行数字签名;5)运载工具OEM 61可以创建策略改变授权令牌,其包括对策略的改变和与此授权令牌相关联的一组软件狗的软件狗ID;可以使用OEM私钥对授权令牌进行签名;6)可以在从图示60的拐角66开始的线70的拐角68处针对软件狗67创建公钥/私钥对;以及7)PCR 65可以使用PCR私钥对包含软件狗ID的用于软件狗67的证书进行签名,并且PCR 65还可以将PCR证书的拷贝加载到软件狗67中。
可以记录授权令牌使用。当软件狗67被插入到运载工具中时,可以存在沿着拐角68和72之间的线71的协议交换,其允许运载工具安全模块63确认软件狗67的身份,允许运载工具安全模块63确认授权令牌被绑定到软件狗67,并且允许运载工具安全模块63确认授权令牌被运载工具OEM 61授权。
可以存在可以实现上述三个确认的多个方式。在以下段落中可以主要描述一个方法。
1)软件狗和运载工具可以使用软件狗证书来执行Diffie Hellman密钥交换以在软件狗与运载工具安全模块之间建立共享秘密。这可以是密码握手协议。除本文中所述的Diffie Hellman交换之外,还可以使用密钥交换的其它变型。
2)软件狗可以向运载工具安全模块发送授权令牌和完整性检查值。可以使用从Diffie Hellman交换导出的密钥对这两个项目进行密码保护。
3)运载工具安全模块可以使用从例如Diffie Hellman交换导出的密钥来验证完整性检查值。如果检查是有效的,那么运载工具安全模块可以知道软件狗具有从DiffieHellman交换导出的相同密钥。
4)运载工具安全模块然后可以从软件狗至公共可信根(即,在本示例中为OEM私钥)“走过一连串(walk the chain)”公钥证书。假设所述检查产生预期结果,则运载工具安全模块可以知道此软件狗是自称是的软件狗。
5)运载工具安全模块可以使用OEM公钥来验证授权令牌上的数字签名。假设数字签名是有效的,运载工具安全模块可以知道该授权令牌被运载工具OEM授权。
6)在这里,运载工具安全模块可以从软件狗证书知道软件狗ID,其可以由于成功的Diffie Hellman密钥交换而知道软件狗是可信的,并且其可以知道包含在授权令牌中的策略改变是有效的并将其应用于指定的软件狗ID。因此,运载工具安全模块可以在其策略方面进行改变。
产生类似结果的上述过程的变型可以结合:
1)密码算法——公钥算法可以是RSA(Rivest Shamir Adelman公钥密码算法)或椭圆曲线。
2)密码密钥长度——各种公钥对(OEM、软件狗供应商、软件狗等)可以使用不同的密钥长度。
3)证书结构——证书可以是X.509 v3证书或专有格式。
4)PKI——PKI(私钥基础设施)可以是其中OEM充当其自己的可信根(也称为根证书管理机构)的简单结构。系统可以使用其中可信根在OEM之上的更大且更完整的PKI。此类结构可以允许用与多个OEM相关联的运载工具安全模块来识别一个软件狗。
5)密钥建立协议——可以存在许多不同的协议以建立软件狗与VSM之间的安全通信。
6)授权令牌分发——可以经由软件狗来分发授权令牌,使得软件狗是传输机制。授权令牌可以被嵌入VSM固件中并在已授权软件狗向VSM认证其本身时被激活。授权令牌可以被VSM或软件狗实时地获取。
7)授权令牌结构——策略覆写的结构可以实际上是默认VSM策略的完整替换。替换地,该结构可以简单地识别对默认策略的改变。可以将一组改变捆扎为包含一个或多个改变的单个包。替换地,可以将所述改变打包为每个令牌一个改变,使得软件狗可以具有与之相关联的多个令牌。
本系统和方法的特征可以是可以使用直接地或间接地与软件狗相关联的密码保护的授权令牌在现场改变运载工具安全模块中的安全和/或安保策略。
运载工具安全模块可以装有默认安全策略。该策略可以指定被允许向和/或从运载工具流动至插到机载诊断II(OBD)端口中的设备的消息类型。授权令牌可以指定当与授权令牌相关联的设备被插入时要应用于策略的改变。
可以存在指定策略的许多方式。下面可以提供策略的一个示例以及改变策略的授权令牌:
1)默认运载工具安全模块策略——具有CAN总线ID=1、2、3、4、5的块消息;
2)授权令牌——允许具有CAN总线ID=3的消息;以及
3)结果得到的策略——具有CAN总线ID=1、2、4、5的块消息。
可以给出其中输入消息ID应与允许的规则匹配以便通过的另一示例。可以使用设定掩码来确定将消息ID的哪些位与过滤器相比较。掩码中的“0”可以意指不测试消息ID的对应位。可以针对输入消息ID匹配过滤器值,并且如果未被掩蔽的位匹配,则允许消息通过。
在图3中的表格81中可以示意性地示出默认运载工具安全模块策略。授权令牌可以是规则3,具有新掩码1FFFFF00。在表格82中可以示出结果得到的策略。
可以存在许多类型的策略。许多运载工具制造商可以在CAN总线上使用专有消息,因此策略很可能对于每个运载工具制造商而言是不同的。示例可以结合安保和安全。
针对安保,可以假设具有内容0000 0000 0000 1111的消息ID 5通知制动系统从车轮制动分泵缸泄放压力。这可以为了从液压制动系统排出空气而完成。安保策略可以阻止经由OBD端口注入消息ID=5、内容0000 0000 0000 1111。这可以防止受危害的软件狗禁用运载工具上的制动器。由OEM认证以由维修技术人员用来对制动器排气的工具可以具有关掉此策略的授权令牌,从而允许维修技术人员对制动器排气。如果另一设备(例如,受危害的保险软件狗)在技术人员维修了运载工具之后插入OBD端口中,则安保策略可以防止受危害的软件狗向运载工具发布制动器排气命令。授权令牌应仅在被链接到授权令牌的设备被插入OBD端口时生效。
针对安全,运载工具上的无密钥进入系统可能能够发送CAN总线消息以将车门解锁。然而,受危害的软件狗也可以发送解锁命令,允许窃贼进入运载工具。因此,运载工具安全模块中的安全策略可以是阻止“解锁车门”消息被经由OBD端口发送到运载工具中。
CAN总线不一定执行置于CAN总线上的消息的来源认证。因此,能够向OBD端口中注入消息的攻击者可以在总线上发送看起来来自电子控制单元(ECU)中的一个的消息。参考图1,如果运载工具安全模块不存在,则软件狗可能能够在CAN总线上放置可以由ECU 13-15或ECU 16-18发送的消息。因此,ECU可以做的任何事都可以由攻击者经由OBD完成。攻击者经由OBD端口可以做的许多事情中的几个可以是使头灯闪烁、将车门解锁、开启/关掉空调、激活防抱死制动器功能、转动前轮(在具有自动泊车功能的运载工具上)、改变速度计上所示的速度等。
针对软件狗或其它OBD设备可以请求的某些类型的策略改变可以结合允许软件狗限制运载工具的速度(其可能在车队管理应用中使用),允许设备在ECU上加载新的固件,允许软件狗读取运载工具的GPS坐标使得软件狗可以提供运载工具跟踪,允许软件狗远程地启动运载工具的发动机,以及允许设备发送用以改变运载工具上的排放控制设置的命令。
授权令牌可以根据被用于指定运载工具安全模块内的策略的结构而采取许多形式。在授权令牌中可能常见的数据字段可以结合以下各项。
1)适用运载工具——可以允许设备/软件狗改变例如自2015年以来生产的运载工具上的策略。设备/软件狗应仅被OEM许可在某些型号上使用,并且因此授权令牌可以识别一组许可运载工具。
2)策略/规则标识符——根据OEM如何管理运载工具安全模块中的策略/规则,令牌可以指定识别要修改或关掉的规则(例如,关掉规则3)的编号。
3)可允许消息ID列表——许多防火墙和运载工具安全模块可以使用“拒绝,除非被明确地允许”模型进行操作。因此,如果策略并未明确地允许消息ID,则该消息ID可以被阻止。可允许消息ID字段可以指定被允许通过的附加ID。
4)特定消息ID/值对——在消息内常常可以存在多个参数。例如,一个字节可以控制油门位置,而同一消息中的另一字节可以控制输送燃料的量。默认策略可以允许消息“IDx”,但是仅允许特定的一组参数。例如,其可以仅允许将燃料的量指定在例如10与100之间的字节。然而,策略可以允许已授权设备改变这些参数界限。
本系统和方法可以允许运载工具制造商通过控制何时实行策略以及实行策略的哪些部分来管理运载工具安保/安全策略。系统可以由以下实体组成。运载工具制造商可以针对运载工具设定默认安保和安全策略。运载工具制造商可能还能够选择性地在特定情况下授权“策略改变请求方”(PRC)覆写策略。运载工具可以是被用于运输的任何机动化信息物理系统。术语“运载工具”可以结合汽车、军用运载工具、自主(自动驾驶)运载工具、水运工具以及具有有人和无人(例如,无人机)能力的飞机。策略改变请求方可以是请求对运载工具安保和/或安全策略的改变的实体。请求方可以是请求对一个运载工具的改变的运载工具所有者或维修技术人员。例如,所有者可以是想要修改运载工具如何表现的“调谐者”。调谐者可以是诊断设备制造商、软件狗提供商或者软件应用开发方。授权令牌可以直接地或间接地识别策略改变请求方被授权对特定运载工具或一类运载工具进行的改变。例如,软件狗提供商可以接收用以对在某些年期间生产的特定型号小卡车型号进行改变的令牌。授权令牌的结构可以取决于运载工具制造商已如何实现关联策略的授权和结构。
本系统和方法可以允许运载工具制造商对策略改变请求方许可对一个或多个运载工具的安保/安全策略进行选择性改变的能力。
图4的图可以图示出系统的选择。系统可以在运载工具上包括策略选择功能35,其结合了驾驶功能或模式38和诊断功能或模式39。可以将授权令牌36选择为针对运载工具的驾驶功能38和针对诊断功能39有令牌或没有令牌。结果产生的策略31、32、33和34可以来自驾驶或诊断模式和授权令牌的选择。策略31可以涉及到具有包含在授权令牌中的改变的驾驶模式。策略32可以涉及到鉴于没有授权令牌而没有改变的驾驶模式。策略33可以涉及到具有包含在授权令牌中的改变的诊断模式。策略34可以涉及到鉴于没有授权令牌而没有改变的诊断模式。
可以经由抵抗入侵或干扰的物理开关或另一机构来实现运载工具上的策略选择功能35。在一个实施方式中,运载工具可以包含实行安全策略的物理运载工具安全模块(VSM)。VSM可以包含物理开关,驾驶员或技术人员可以将其置于驾驶模式38或诊断模式39。当处于诊断模式39时,VSM可以发射信号(例如,嘟嘟响或闪光)以向运载工具操作员警告在运载工具处于驾驶模式时正常地实行的安保和/或安全策略已被绕过。
可以用多个方式来实现授权令牌。一个实施方式可以利用公钥密码来创建授权令牌,其可以被绑定到设备或应用(例如,保险软件狗),并且可以被运载工具密码验证。在图5的图中可以图示出一个此类实施方式。运载工具制造商41可以使用非对称密码的技术来创建公钥/私钥对45。运载工具制造商41可以如箭头44所指示的那样在每个运载工具中放置公钥42。运载工具制造商41可以保持对私钥的控制并保护其不受危害。
策略改变请求方46(可以是硬件或软件)的开发方和运载工具制造商41可以如箭头47所指示的那样对将针对指定运载工具对策略改变请求方46许可的一组已授权策略改变达成协议。协议可以涉及到在本系统范围之外的测试、法律协议或其它活动。运载工具制造商41然后可以使用其私钥来对沿着箭头47绑定到策略改变请求方46的授权令牌51进行密码签名。当策略改变请求方46想要修改运载工具上的默认策略时,策略改变请求方46和运载工具43可以执行密码握手以沿着箭头49将授权令牌48传递至运载工具43。运载工具43可以使用由运载工具制造商41提供的公钥42来验证授权令牌。一旦验证,就可以将包含在授权令牌中的改变应用于默认策略以产生将由运载工具43实行的结果产生的策略52。
可以存在将授权令牌安全地传递至运载工具的多个方式。在本文中可能提到了方式中的某些。一个方式是运载工具制造商可以充当证书管理机构并对针对所述策略改变请求方的开发方的证书(例如,X.509 v3)进行签名。这种方法可以允许策略改变请求方使用本地私钥来生成授权令牌并对其签名。运载工具然后可以使用运载工具制造商公钥来“走过证书链”以验证授权令牌。
另一方式是运载工具制造商可以创建授权令牌,其将策略改变请求方的身份与授权令牌组合作为将令牌绑定到请求方的方法。
仍另一方式是运载工具制造商可以用将识别被授权调用策略的策略改变请求方的机制直接向运载工具分发新策略。
又一方式是汽车行业可以采用全公钥基础设施(PKI),其将允许来自许多制造商的运载工具验证来自多个开发方的策略改变请求方实体。
可以存在可以将与特定策略改变请求方相关联的策略加载到运载工具安全模块中的附加方式。本系统的特征是运载工具制造商可以具有基于与运载工具相关联的策略改变请求方的知识来更改运载工具安保/安全策略的方式。
运载工具制造商可以要求策略改变请求方(例如,软件狗或诊断测试工具)的制造商使用密钥存储机制来保护在系统内使用的密码材料的完整性和/或机密性。
策略改变请求方(例如,插入运载工具的OBD端口中的软件狗设备)应与运载工具执行密码握手以确保其是真正的(已授权)请求方而不是冒名顶替者。冒名顶替者的示例可以是来自未授权来源的看起来相似的软件狗。此看起来相似的设备可能不一定满足由运载工具制造商设定的安保或安全要求。
这将会允许OEM控制什么设备被添加到其运载工具以便保持安保和安全性。这是将把本系统与竞争对手区别开的本系统的特征。
图6是运载工具安全模块电路板85的图。本运载工具安全模块硬件可以是基于MicroZedTM Zynq模块。安全策略可以在ARM CortexTM A9 MPCore上运行。此芯片可以具有两个CPU核,使得安全可以在这两个CPU核中的任一个上运行。可以经由授权令牌来更新的安全策略文件可以被存储在例如256千字节的片上存储器中。本系统和方法可以使用其它CPU或微控制器。一般来说,可以将安全策略存储于在微控制器上或连接到微控制器的存储器中。该策略可以由可以从存储器读取策略并应用该策略的CPU上的软件或固件来实行。
关于某些细节,板85可以包含双核Cortex-A9 800 MHZ处理系统(PS)86和可编程逻辑卡(PL)87。PS 86可以结合被连接到1GB双倍数据速率(DDR)RAM 92的DDR控制器91、连接到128MB四倍串行外围接口(QSPI)闪存94的QSPI 93、连接到CAN #1物理(PHY)96的处理系统(PS)控制器区域网(CAN)控制器(#1)95。连接到10/100以太网PHY 98的10/100以太网控制器97、连接到CAN #2 PHY 100的PS CAN控制器(#2)99以及连接到微型SD卡102的安全数字(SD)101。
PL卡87可以结合连接到CAN(#3)104的PL CAN控制器(#1)103、连接到CAN #6 PHY106的PL CAN控制器(#4)105、连接到CAN #4 PHY 108的PL CAN控制器(#2)107、连接到CAN#7 PHY 110的PL CAN控制器(#5)、连接到CAN #5 PHY的PL CAN控制器(#3)以及连接到CAN#8 PHY 114的PL CAN控制器(#6)113。
图7是到运载工具安全模块的接口的图。本图可以显示到VSM 115的接口,该VSM115具有带有印刷电路板(PCB)堆叠117的外壳116。PCB堆叠117可以结合连接到ETH RJ45连接器122的以太网(ETH)收发机(Xcvr)121、连接到高速1(HS1)CAN 124的CAN Xcvr 123、连接到HS2 CAN 126的CAN Xcvr 125、连接到HS3 CAN 128的CAN Xcvr 127以及连接到中速1(MS1)CAN 130的CAN Xcvr 129、连接到诊断链路连接器(DLC)(也称为OBD II)132的CANXcvr 131、连接到DLC 132和高速1辅助(HS1A)CAN 134的CAN Xcvr 133、连接到HS2A CAN135的CAN Xcvr 134以及连接到中速1辅助(MS1A)CAN 137的CAN Xcvr 136。HS1A CAN 134、HS2A CAN 135以及MS1A CAN 137可以连接到附件协议接口模块(APIM)138。可以连接12VDC电源139并使用其来对PCB堆叠117的组件供电。
图8是诸如用于被修改成结合运载工具安全模块的Ford Motor公司生产的Lincoln MKZ运载工具的示例性OBD架构145的图。以下描述是CAN总线和ECU的示例。可以存在各种其它架构设计。HS2A 147、HS1A 148、MS1A 150和HS3A 151可以连接到VSM和网关模块(GWM)146。DLC 152可以连接到HS2A 147和HS1A 148。APIM 153可以连接到HS1A 148、MS1A 150和HS3A 151。VSM和GWM 146可以连接到HS1 155、MS1 156、HS3 157以及HS2 158。HS1、HS2、HS3、MS1、HS1A、HS2A、HS3A和MS1A指的是CAN总线。
可以将各种模块连接到总线。连接到HS1 155的模块中的某些可以是PCM(传动系控制模块)161、BCM(电池控制模块-附件)162、PAM(停车辅助模块)163和HCM(头灯控制模块)164。
连接到MS1的模块中的某些可以是TRM(传输范围模块)165、RTM 166、SOD-L(侧面对象检测-左侧模块)167、SOD-R(侧面对象检测-右侧模块)168、DDM(驾驶员门模块)169、DSM(驾驶员座位模块)170、GPSM(全球定位系统模块)171、FCIM(前控制接口模块)172、PDM173、RGTM 174、HSWM(加热方向盘模块175和SCME 176。
连接到HS3的模块中的某些可以是TCU(传输控制单元)177、ACM(音频控制模块)178、ANC(辅助加热器控制)179、DSP(数字信号处理模块)180以及IPC(仪表板控制)181。
连接到HS2的模块中的某些可以是RCM(约束控制模块)182、ABS(防抱死制动器系统)183、VDM(运载工具动态模块)184、HUD(仰视显示器)185、PSCM(动力转向控制模块)186、GSM 187、IPM-A(仪表板模块-附件)188、TRCM 189以及SCCM(转向柱控制模块)190。
架构145的ECU可以是除所指示的之外的。缩略词中的某些可以指定除所述那些之外的项目,取决于例如运载工具的型号和年份。
图9是可以结合在本系统中的VSM电路200的示例的图。该图被划分成分别在图10a-10i中放大的部分201-209。图10a是具有MCU板211(其可以例如是MicroZedTM SCM)的部分201的图。可以利用另一来源的SCM作为MCU板211。可以用线215、216、217、218、219和220来指示部分201与图10b中的部分202的连接。部分203-205可以结合分别连接到MCU板211和输出电路的CAN收发机。可以用线221、222、223、224、225、226、227、228、229、230、231、232、233、234、235、236和237来指示部分201与图10c中的部分203的连接。可以用线228、229、230、231、232、233、234、235、236、237、238、239和240来指示图10c的部分203与图10d中的部分204的连接。可以用线234、235、236、237、238、239和240来指示图10d的部分204与图10e中的部分205的连接。
可以用线241、242、243、244、245和246来指示图10c中的部分203与图10f中的部分206的连接。可以用线247、248、249、250、251和252来指示图10d中的部分204与图10g中的部分207的连接。可以用线253、254、255和256来指示图10e中的部分205与图10h中的部分208的连接。
图10i是用于向VSM电路200供电的滤波电路209的图。图10j是用于部分205-208中的电路输出中的每一个的线缆的示例的图。
扼要重述,运载工具安全系统可以结合一个或多个控制器区域网(CAN)总线、连接到一个或多个CAN总线的一个或多个电子控制单元(ECU)、连接到一个或多个CAN总线的运载工具安全模块(VSM)以及连接到运载工具安全模块的机载诊断(OBD)连接器。运载工具安全系统可以辨别被输入到机载诊断连接器的已授权和未授权信号。已授权信号可以被运载工具安全模块转送到一个或多个CAN总线。未授权信号可以被拒绝进入一个或多个CAN总线。
可以将机载诊断连接器连接到选自包括诊断仪表、控制仪表以及跟踪仪表的群组的一个或多个设备。
运载工具安全模块的OEM可以创建公钥和私钥对。运载工具安全模块可以创建公钥和私钥对。OEM可以向运载工具安全模块中嵌入OEM公钥。策略改变请求方(PRC)可以创建公钥和私钥对。OEM可以使用其私钥来对包含策略改变请求方的身份和策略改变请求方的公钥的证书进行数字签名。OEM可以将策略改变授权令牌创建成包括对安全策略的改变和与授权令牌相关联的一个或多个软件狗的标识(ID)。可以用OEM的私钥对授权进行签名。可以针对具有该ID的一个或多个软件狗创建公钥和私钥。策略改变请求方可以使用其私钥对用于具有该ID的一个或多个软件狗的证书进行签名。策略改变请求方可以将证书的拷贝加载到一个或多个软件狗中。
当所述一个或多个软件狗中的软件狗被连接到机载诊断连接器时,运载工具安全模块可以实现软件狗的ID的确认、授权令牌被绑定到软件狗的确认以及授权令牌被OEM授权的确认。
可以使用直接或间接与软件狗相关联的密码保护的授权令牌在现场改变运载工具安全模块中的安全或安保策略。
运载工具安全模块可以具有安全策略。安全策略可以指定被允许向或从运载工具安全模块流动至连接到机载诊断连接器的设备的消息。
授权令牌可以指定当与授权令牌相关联的一个或多个软件狗被连接到机载诊断连接器时将被应用于安全策略的一个或多个改变。
安全策略可以基于消息的实际上任何特性阻止或允许一个或多个消息。安全策略的改变可以改变用来阻止或允许消息的任何消息特性。
用于授权运载工具安全模块中的策略改变的方法可以结合将选自包括诊断仪表、控制仪表、跟踪仪表以及软件狗的群组的设备插到被连接到运载工具安全模块(其进而被连接到一个或多个控制器区域网(CAN)总线)的机载诊断连接器。可以将一个或多个CAN总线连接到一个或多个电子控制单元(ECU)。运载工具安全模块可以阻止未授权信号并允许已授权信号到CAN总线。允许已授权信号到CAN总线可以导致运载工具安全模块中的策略改变。
运载工具安全模块可以具有用于确定哪些信号已授权和哪些信号未授权的策略。可以将一个或多个ECU连接到运载工具的组件。已授权信号可以影响运载工具的组件中的一个或多个的操作。已授权信号可以改变运载工具安全模块的策略。可以允许运载工具的制造商管理运载工具安全模块的策略。
制造商可以设定运载工具安全模块的策略的默认版本。制造商可以选择性地授权策略改变请求方覆写运载工具安全模块的策略的一个或多个方面。
制造商可以提供授权令牌,其识别允许策略改变请求方对具有运载工具安全模块的运载工具进行的改变。
可以通过用以选择用于运载工具安全模块的驾驶模式或诊断模式的开关来实现策略选择功能。具有授权令牌的驾驶模式的结果产生的策略可以是具有包含在授权令牌中的策略的改变的驾驶模式。没有授权令牌的驾驶模式的结果产生的策略可以是缺乏改变的驾驶模式。具有授权令牌的诊断模式的结果产生的策略可以是具有包含在授权令牌中的策略改变的诊断模式。没有授权令牌的诊断模式的结果产生的策略可以是缺乏改变的诊断模式。
可以用密码方式来实现授权令牌。
当运载工具安全模块处于诊断模式时,运载工具安全模块可以发射可听或可见性质的信号以将绕过了运载工具安全模块的策略(其是在运载工具处于驾驶模式时实行的)告知在运载工具附近的任何人。
策略改变请求方可以与运载工具执行密码握手以确保策略改变请求被授权。
用于向运载工具安全模块提供策略的已授权改变的机构可以结合运载工具安全模块、连接到运载工具安全模块的机载诊断端口、连接到运载工具安全模块的一个或多个控制器区域网(CAN)总线以及连接到一个或多个CAN总线的一个或多个电子控制单元(ECU)。可以将一个或多个ECU分别与运载工具的一个或多个组件相关联。
与一个或多个组件的关联可以结合由所述一个或多个组件的功能、设置、控制和诊断组成的群组的一个或多个项目。
该机构还可以结合插到机载诊断端口的软件狗。该软件狗可以结合已加载授权令牌。授权令牌可以授权运载工具安全模块的策略的改变。
授权令牌可以允许运载工具安全模块确认结合了软件狗的身份、被绑定到软件狗的授权令牌以及授权令牌由运载工具的制造商验证的群组中的一个或多个项目。可以通过使用受到密码保护的授权令牌在现场改变运载工具安全模块中的策略。
藉此通过引用结合本文中所述的任何公开或专利文献,达到如同每个公开或专利文献被具体地且单独地指示为通过引用而结合一样的相同程度。
在本说明书中,虽然以另一种方式或时态陈述,但是主题中的一些可能具有假定或预言性质。
虽然已关于至少一个例证性示例描述了本系统和/或方法,但在阅读本说明书时,许多变化和修改将变得对于本领域的技术人员而言显而易见的。因此意图在于考虑到相关技术而尽可能宽泛地解释所附权利要求以包括所有此类变化和修改。

Claims (20)

1.一种运载工具安全系统,包括:
一个或多个控制器区域网(CAN)总线;
一个或多个电子控制单元(ECU),其被连接到所述一个或多个CAN总线;
运载工具安全模块(VSM),其被连接到所述一个或多个CAN总线;以及
机载诊断(OBD)连接器,其被连接到运载工具安全模块;以及
其中:
运载工具安全模块辨别被输入到机载诊断连接器的已授权和未授权信号;以及
已授权信号被运载工具安全模块转送到所述一个或多个CAN总线;以及
未授权信号被拒绝进入所述一个或多个CAN总线。
2.权利要求1的系统,其中,机载诊断连接器被连接到选自包括诊断仪表、控制仪表以及跟踪仪表的群组的一个或多个设备。
3.权利要求1的系统,其中:
所述运载工具安全模块的原始设备制造商(OEM)创建公钥和私钥对;
所述运载工具安全模块创建公钥和私钥对;
OEM向运载工具安全模块中嵌入OEM公钥;
策略改变请求方(PRC)创建公钥和私钥对;
OEM使用其私钥来对包含策略改变请求方的身份和策略改变请求方的公钥的证书进行数字签名;
OEM将策略改变授权令牌创建成包括对安全策略的改变和与授权令牌相关联的一个或多个软件狗的标识(ID);
用OEM的私钥对授权进行签名;以及
针对具有所述ID的所述一个或多个软件狗创建公钥和私钥;
策略改变请求方使用其私钥对用于具有所述ID的所述一个或多个软件狗的证书进行签名;以及
策略改变请求方将所述证书的拷贝加载到所述一个或多个软件狗中。
4.权利要求3的系统,其中,当所述一个或多个软件狗中的软件狗被连接到机载诊断连接器时,运载工具安全模块能够实现软件狗的ID的确认、授权令牌被绑定到软件狗的确认以及授权令牌被OEM授权的确认。
5.权利要求4的系统,其中,能够使用直接或间接与软件狗相关联的密码保护的授权令牌在现场改变运载工具安全模块中的安全或安保策略。
6.权利要求1的系统,其中:
所述运载工具安全模块具有安全策略;以及
所述安全策略指定被允许向或从运载工具安全模块流动至连接到机载诊断连接器的设备的消息。
7.权利要求3的系统,其中,所述授权令牌指定当与授权令牌相关联的所述一个或多个软件狗被连接到机载诊断连接器时将被应用于安全策略的一个或多个改变。
8.权利要求7的系统,其中:
安全策略能够基于消息的实际上任何特性来阻止或允许一个或多个消息;以及
安全策略的改变能够改变用来阻止或允许消息的任何消息特性。
9.一种用于授权运载工具安全模块中的策略改变的方法,包括:
将选自包括诊断仪表、控制仪表、跟踪仪表以及软件狗的群组的设备插到被连接到运载工具安全模块的机载诊断连接器中,所述运载工具安全模块被进而连接到一个或多个控制器区域网(CAN)总线;并且
其中:
所述一个或多个CAN总线被连接到一个或多个电子控制单元(ECU);
所述运载工具安全模块阻止未授权信号并允许已授权信号到CAN总线;并且
允许已授权信号到CAN总线能够导致运载工具安全模块中的策略改变。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中:
所述运载工具安全模块具有用于确定哪些信号已授权和哪些信号未授权的策略;
所述一个或多个ECU被连接到运载工具的组件;
已授权信号能够影响运载工具的组件中的一个或多个的操作;
已授权信号能够改变运载工具安全模块的策略;并且
允许运载工具的制造商管理运载工具安全模块的策略。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中:
制造商设定运载工具安全模块的策略的默认版本;并且
制造商能够选择性地授权策略改变请求方覆写运载工具安全模块的策略的一个或多个方面。
12.权利要求10的方法,其中,制造商提供授权令牌,其识别允许策略改变请求方对具有运载工具安全模块的运载工具进行的改变。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中:
通过用以选择用于运载工具安全模块的驾驶模式或诊断模式的开关来实现策略选择功能;
具有授权令牌的驾驶模式的结果产生的策略是具有包含在授权令牌中的策略的改变的驾驶模式;
没有授权令牌的驾驶模式的结果产生的策略是缺乏改变的驾驶模式;
具有授权令牌的诊断模式的结果产生的策略是具有包含在授权令牌中的策略的改变的诊断模式;并且
没有授权令牌的诊断模式的结果产生的策略是缺乏改变的诊断模式。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中,用密码方式来实现授权令牌。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中,当运载工具安全模块处于诊断模式时,运载工具安全模块发射可听或可见性质的信号以将绕过当运载工具处于驾驶模式时实行的运载工具安全模块的策略告知在运载工具附近的任何人。
16.权利要求11的方法,其中,策略改变请求方与运载工具执行密码握手以确保策略改变请求被授权。
17.一种用于向运载工具安全模块提供策略的已授权改变的机构,包括:
运载工具安全模块;
机载诊断端口,其被连接到所述运载工具安全模块;
一个或多个控制器区域网(CAN)总线,其被连接到所述运载工具安全模块;以及
一个或多个电子控制单元(ECU),其被连接到所述一个或多个CAN总线;以及
其中,所述一个或多个ECU分别与运载工具的一个或多个组件相关联。
18.权利要求17的机构,其中,与所述一个或多个组件的关联包括由所述一个或多个组件的功能、设置、控制和诊断组成的群组的一个或多个项目。
19.权利要求18的机构,还包括:
软件狗,其被插到所述机载诊断端口中;以及
其中:
所述软件狗包括加载授权令牌;以及
所述授权令牌授权运载工具安全模块的策略的改变。
20.权利要求19的机构,其中:
所述授权令牌允许运载工具安全模块确认包括以下的群组中的一个或多个项目:软件狗的身份、被绑定到软件狗的授权令牌以及授权令牌由运载工具的制造商验证;并且
能够通过使用受到密码保护的授权令牌在现场改变运载工具安全模块中的策略。
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