CN1031038C - 生物活性多肽的延迟释放 - Google Patents
生物活性多肽的延迟释放 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1031038C CN1031038C CN89106684A CN89106684A CN1031038C CN 1031038 C CN1031038 C CN 1031038C CN 89106684 A CN89106684 A CN 89106684A CN 89106684 A CN89106684 A CN 89106684A CN 1031038 C CN1031038 C CN 1031038C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- growth hormone
- polypeptide
- oil
- zinc
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Abstract
采用新的组合物可使生物活性多肽经肠胃外延迟释放,以达到所要求的作用效果。其中在生物相容性油的多肽的比例是很高的,如至少约为10%(重量)。同时,还介绍了一些用以使生长激素肠胃外延迟释放的与金属缔合的生长激素。
Description
本发明是关于能在动物体施行肠胃外用药以延迟释放的生物活性多肽组合物,使用所说的组合物的方法,在某些所说的配方中使用的与金属结合的生长激素,以及制备与金属结合的生长激素的方法。
尽管一些生物性活多肽的延迟活性只需要很小剂量的肠胃外用药就能实现。然而还需要有足够的血清浓度和/或在血清中半衰期如此短以致于必须用相当大的剂量(如至少100毫克左右)才能在整个延长时期内如一周或更长时间提供予期的生物效应。生长激素(so-matotropins或growth hormones)便是这种多肽的一个例子。
为防止不希望有的、快速地释放到动物的血流里,一些多肽借助于液体载体进行肠胃外用药,在该载体中可加或不加水合抑制剂(抗水合剂)或为进一步降低在人体液中的溶解度而采用与金属或金属化合物缔合的形式。为避免使用难以接受的大量载体,使载体结合高浓度的多肽应当是有助于解决问题的。然而大多数,以高浓度存在的生物活性多肽都很粘,因而这种浓度注射或以别的方式用药相当困难的。除此之外,许多普通使用的抗水合剂能增加粘度并且能限制这种浓度的常规注射能力。基于种种原因,正确结合(1)快速释放足以在动物体内产生所要求的生物效应,(2)慢速释放足够产生延迟效应,(3)提供足够剂量以按要求的速度释放,达到延长时间以及(4)体积足够小而粘度足够低到能常规方式用药,对此,一般是很难于达到的。
由于各种多肽都是不同的,例如在三维空间结构和与其它物质的相互作用方面,多肽在适当的载体中处于高负载下达到有效的延迟释放的可行性,从理论上推测和证明却是不可能的。而在许多情况下,假若能以有用的、经济的方法提供多肽的生物活性,那么就必须研制这种延迟释放的组合物。
在减少治疗次数和/或减少对被治疗动物的损伤方面,人们已就延迟生物活性物质的释放进行了长时间的研究。通过各种方法已实现了许多这类物质的延迟释放。一个体系是使用能作肌肉注射、皮下注射或以其它方式用药的含油溶液在一些情况下,低油溶性的物质则能以油悬浮液的形式用药。
例如,Welch在美国2,491,537号专利中公开了将盘尼西林悬浮于果胶、纤维素化合物、或蛋白质如明胶凝胶化的油(例如植物油)中,释放时间长达24小时。他还提出了以此方法延长胰岛素和甾族化合物激素释放。Buckwalter在美国专利2,507,193号中公开了将300,000单位/毫升的普鲁卡因G盘尼西林悬浮于用5%单硬酯酸铝(AIMS)凝胶化的花生油中,在兔体内释放长达11天。
Jacobson在美国专利3,016,330号中介绍了悬浮于芝麻中的AIMS包被的盘尼西林。Chien(Journal of parenteral Science andTechnology 35(3),109(1981)〕则讨论了悬浮于2%AIMS凝胶化的植物油中的盘尼西林G普鲁卡因生物有效性,他认为AIMS大于2%时对有效延长盘尼西林浓度水平仅显示出有限的效果,而且AIMS大于2%的悬浮液对实际应用来说也太粘。
油悬浮液仅用于某些低分子量(MW)除盘尼西林外的治疗物质。例如,Lachman等人在美国专利3,676,557号中公开了AIMS凝胶化的油悬浮液中的浓度50%的去甲吗啡酮(normophione)的双羟萘酸盐的延迟释放组合物。
已公开了一些生物活性多肽的延迟释放体系。例如,Anschel在美国专利2,964,448号中介绍了在用AIMS凝胶化的植物油中的骨松弛激素(约2%)的悬浮液。Anschel指出所说的悬浮液产生的松弛作用可与未加凝胶剂(例如5-7天)油相比,并且还介绍了加热处理含AIMS悬液而产生的延长效应(达23天)。
Geller在美国专利3,869,549号中介绍了含“极小剂量”例如“零点几毫克”的肽注射的延迟释放组合物。提到了生长激素,但是特殊例子是水溶性促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)制剂活性长达7-8天。特别是,Geller公开的组合物含有ACTH类似物的酸性加成盐悬浮于二硬酯酸铝(AIDS)凝胶化的花生油中或吸附于AIDS后再分散于花生油中。不管在哪种情况下,类似物都仅以0.03-0.1%的浓度和肽对铝盐的比值不大于0.5的Geller注射剂型存在。
已由Nestor等人在美国专利4,256,737号中则公开了LH-RH激素类似物的延长释放组合物。这些组合物中含有激素盐,包括多份金属(例如锌)盐存在于酯肪酸盐的凝胶化的植物油中。注射组分LH-RH类似物用药浓度为0.01-1%。
另一些人则公开了延迟肠胃外释放的金属盐或多肽复合物的含水悬浮液。例如,Donini在美国专利3,852,422中介绍了水溶性促性腺激素与铝或锌的氢氧化物的沉淀产物的长效含水悬浮液。因为锌天然地存在于胰脏的胰岛素中,所以进行了由胰岛素和各种金属(例如锌、镍、铝和镉)间相互作用而产生的胰岛素自含水悬浮液中延迟释放的研究。参看美国专利2,143,590号;2,174,862号;2,882,203号;2,920,014号和3,102,077号。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种组合物,该组合物可用于生物活性多肽在动物体内的延迟释放,并且是由与该动物生物相容的组分构成的。
另一目的是提供能在动物体内足够快地释放以产生所要求的生物效应的这种组合物。
另一目的是提供所说的组合物,其能足够慢地释放以保持有助于在延迟期间内保持所要求的生物效应。
另一目的是提供所说的组合物含有足够高的多肽负载(足够的剂量),以保持在所说的整个延迟期间达到所要求的释放速度。
另一目的是提供所说的组合物具有足够低的常规肠胃外用药的体积。这一点在多肽的用药剂量必须很大时尤为重要。
另一目的是提供所说的组合物要选择这样的组分及其比例,即能使配方具有足够低的粘度,以便能用于常规注射或以别的方式给药。当需要注射较大剂量的多肽时,这一点也是很重要的。
在一些实施例中,目的是使所说的组分及其比例能提供足够高的粘度,以有助于在动物体内造成长期释放的储库。
在很多情况下,这一目的很难与上述粘度目的一同实现。
本发明的另外一个目的包括提供使用所说的组合物方法,以非常有利的形式含在所说的组合物中的生长激素同时提供制备这种形式生长激素的方法。根据下列详细的叙述将更易于了解本发明的种种目的。
我已发现上述目的可用基本上不含水的组合物来实现,该组合物含相对高比例的生物活性多肽以足够量悬浮于生物相容性油中,以形成组合物的连续相。在很多实施例中,所说的目的可以通过使用与无毒金属缔合的多肽而更易于意识到。所说的组合物可以包括一种抗水合剂以进一步延迟多肽的释放。特别是对于必须大剂量用药和/或大大提高配方粘度的多肽,我发现多肽与抗水合剂的比例较高时一般是有利的。我还发现能提供的高多肽负载(可选用一种抗水合剂)和足够粘度的组合物在注射以后,趋向于形成长久储藏的形式,而这种形式能使多肽以有效的速度按延迟方式释放。
说明书全文,除特别指出者外,组合物的百分比均以重量计,温度均以摄氏温度表示。
术语“基本不含水的”用于本说明书和从属权利要求时,其意义是基本无水或含水很少以致使多肽在动物体内不可能过份地加速释放。虽然水的比例随本发明的每一组合物有所不同,处于影响多肽释放形式的水最普通的含量应小于2%左右(甚至少于1%左右)。
术语“无毒”在本文中是指本发明组合物成分,在采用适当用量并在适当条件下,所说的组合物以肠胃方式给药时是相当安全和/或无害的。
术语“生物活性的”(biologically active或bioactive)多肽在本文中是指多肽,在对动物进行适当的肠胃外给药后,对该动物的生物过程具有可检测到的效应。该效应可能是激素的、营养的、治疗的、予防的或其它方面,也可能是模仿的、补充或抑制自然发生的生物学过程。虽有大量而彼此各异的所说的效应和过程,但是作为例子可以提出的还有生长的刺激、哺乳、产卵或繁殖后代和/或食用性动物的饲养功效等。其它例子还包括羊毛、毛皮或其它非食用性动物制品的生产。虽然能够使用低MW的多肽(如至少约300),但是这些多肽一般是大分子量的,例如至少约1000,一般至少约4000,在最佳实施例中至少为大约9000,而在许多甚至更好的实施例中则至少约为18000至大约30,000或更高些。虽然本发明组合物中的多肽在对动物用药可能处于活性状态,但该术语(在本文中)还包括在用药后发挥生物活性的这类多肽。
在本发明的许多实施例中,多肽是以化学上未结合的形式给药的。另外有许多实施例是因为采用的是在含水(例如动物体)体液中溶度低的多肽,(例如与其它物质进行化学结合)而不是呈未给合形式的多肽完成的。例如,以绝大部分(或全部)与无毒金属化学缔合的多肽或以酯、胺或其它能提供所要求的生物活性的形式的多肽,而不出现不可耐受的付作用。当与所说的金属进行化学缔合时,作为金属本身(例如以金属盐或与多肽的结合物)或以盐的形式与一种或多种其它阴离子所成的金属铬合物的形式存在。
虽然一价金属(如钠或钾)用于本发明的一些组合物中是比较有利的,但其它例子中也优选使用了多价金属。所说的多价金属的例子包括锌、铁、钙、钡、铋、镁、锰、铝、铜、钴、镍、镉等。在某些非常好的实施例中,所说的与金属缔合的多肽是所说金属(例如以离子型的)与溶解的多肽的反应产物。金属与多肽的比例可随形成过程中与金属缔合的多肽活性点数目而变化。例如,金属可以和多肽中部分或所有的带负电荷氨基酸(例如天冬氨基酸或谷氨酸)残基缔合,或与其羟基缔合。一些或所有的金属都可能以多肽盐的形式被缔合,包藏在多肽的折叠、结晶或无定形的部分里,或者作为至少两个多肽分子间的阳离子桥而被缔合。
如金属是多价的某情况下,例如因为空间位阻效应则可只有部分化合价与多肽产生化学缔合。在这种情况下,金属的其余化合价就可能与别的阴离子产生化学缔合。在许多可望达到本方法之目的的实施例中,金属并不是以很大的比例与其它能和所说的金属形成低溶解度盐的阴离子化学缔合的。当该金属与别的阴离子产生部分化学缔合时,所说的其它阴离子(有机或无机的)经常希望选自能与该金属形成水溶性盐的阴离子,例如当金属是锌时,其可为Br、Cl、I、SO或CH COO。一般来说较好的是一价阴离子,例如Cl。
本发明新而最佳的缔合金属的多肽包括与锌缔合的生长激素。在一些例子中,(以生长激素的重量计)含锌量可达5%或5%以上。为了减少动物体内不希望有的注射部位反应,可望使锌含量不大于2%左右。甚至可小于1%左右(相同计算标准)。在许多最佳实施例中这些多肽至少含0.3%(一般至少约0.5%)的锌(相同计算标准),在有些情况下,虽然锌的百分比更低些也是适宜的。
为适应本发明的其它多肽盐的例子包括(a)与无机酸,例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸或硝酸;或有机酸,如醋酸、草酸、酒石酸、丁二酸、马来酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、丹宁酸、双羟萘酸、藻酸、萘磺酸、萘二磺酸或聚半乳糖酸形成的酸加成盐;(b)与多价有机阳离子例如N-二苯基乙基二胺或乙基二胺形成的盐;(c)两种或多种上述类型盐的复合物,如丹宁酸锌。
较好的是锌盐、铁盐、钙盐、镁盐、锰盐、钠盐、钾盐、及其混合物,最好的盐尤其是当多肽是一种生长激素时,则是锌、钠或钾盐。令人满意的是,发现本发明之组合物中掺入某一比例的生物相容性油给药时,即可与这种油相互作用而形成一种基质或其它结构,从而有效地增加多肽释放延迟作用。这个意外的发现已在皮下和肌肉注射用药方面引起注意,而且还显示出对本发明的很多组合物效能有重要的影响。
本发明的组合物也适用于结合或非结合多肽的延迟释放。所说的结合多肽包括酯蛋白,例如β酯蛋白;糖蛋白,例如α球蛋白;磷蛋白;例如酪蛋白;血红素蛋白,例如红蛋白;黄素蛋白,例如琥珀酸盐脱氯酶;以及金属蛋白,例如铁蛋白和醇脱氢酶。这些化合物或上面指指出的任何形式的多肽的混合物,按其说明和所提出的权利要求应属于本发明的范围。
在许多引人注意的实施例中,按本发明组合物用药的多肽水溶性很小(即室温下溶解一份多肽至少需要100份的水)。在许多可望实施的实施例中,多肽在所采用的生物相容油中不是很易溶于所用之生物相容性油的,即室温下不溶解于浓度约大于2%的油,而最适合的浓度是不大于1%左右。在一些例子中,例如含有各种生长激素的配方中,多肽即微溶水又基本上不溶于油。
如上所述,本发明的每一种组合物,作为它的连续相,都含有生物相容性油,即某种油对多肽对动物,或,当其产物进入动物体即所说的产品消费者的食物链的情况下,不会产生不可耐受的有害影响。所说的油最好是低酸度的且基本上未变质的。本文中所说的“油”是指在动物体温下呈液态的脂油或脂肪。因此,所说的油应在约40℃以下,最好是在35℃以下时熔化或者至少开始熔化。25℃左右呈液态的油将有助于本发明某些配方的注射或以其它方式给药。在一些情况下,多聚不饱和(如部分氧化的)油就生物相容能力或其它方面来说,可能对动物更为有利。
在优选的实施例中,生物相容性油基本上是由三甘油脂组成的,即长链的(通常为C8-C24,最好是C12-C28)脂肪酸甘油酯,或三甘油酯与所说的脂肪酸(最好比例数非常小,例如游离脂肪酸少于10%左右)的混合物。在一些实施例里,甘油可以取代其它的三羟基或多羟基的化合物。特别好的油包括植物油,例如橄榄油、花生油、向日葵籽油、大豆油、玉米油、红花油、棕榈油、油菜籽油及其混合物。芝麻油和花生油对许多实施例都是最好的。假若有足够的生物相容性,也能使用动物油或矿物来源的或合成的油(包括长链脂肪酸甘油酯或次丙基二醇)。
在最好的实施例中,所说的一种油的组分按该配方重量来说是占优势的。生物相容油的连续相在大多数情况下应是有所要求的微细程度的,分散的多肽颗粒应相对均匀地分布于其中,例如悬浮液中。多肽负载量的上限应以油不呈连续相为界,因为超过此界组合物中的油至少不能把大部分的多肽包在油中。
由于在所说的组合物中使用了高负载量的多肽,甚至粘度因此有很大的提高,我发现了令人惊奇而出乎意料的结果。然而在所说的高负载量下,我还发现了多肽与油的相互作用在许多情况下有助于长期储存多肽的延迟释放。如上所述,当多肽缔合了金属时,这种相互作用会得以增强。
本发明组合物含有高负载量的多肽,例如至少约10%。甚至更高的多肽负载量,例如至少约15%,经常是可望达到的,并且对于生长激素和具有基本相似特性的其它多肽来说基本上是有效的。20%或更高的负载量(例如至少约30%),或者高达42%以上的负载量,用于作肠胃外注射的含生长激素(如小牛的)的配方中,特别是当生长激素缔合了多价金属如锌时是很有效的。所说的配方能提供生长激素(按牛或其它动物血流测量的)的延迟释放周期达30天或更长时间。
在基本不含水组合物中,多肽负载量高达10%左右,这在我所查阅的现有技术中是从未提出过的。在现有技术中油制剂被限制在很低的多肽负载量,即不大于2%左右(见美国专利2,964,448号;3,869,549号;和4,256,737号)。
本发明组合物除含有生物相容油外,还含有“抗水合剂”,该术语在本文中是指一种可延缓本发明所指明组分,或多肽和/或生物相容油的水合作用,从而在动物用药后降低或稳定组分中多肽的释放速度的物质。已知的无毒水含剂种类繁多,作为例子提出的还有“凝胶化”试剂,当将其分散并在一些情况下加热使其溶解于油中时,“凝胶化”试剂会给予一批油以更大的粘弹性(从而增强了结构的稳定性),并且由此减缓了含水体液对油的渗透作用。
在本发明中,这些试剂的精确机理尚不完全清楚。因此观察了某些已知的“凝胶化”试剂,甚至在含有这种试剂的油尚未经加热提高它们的凝胶化效果时,(或者当凝胶形成时),即可提供予期的抗水合作用,而凝胶一但形成即可实质上被除去(如通过剪切刀)。同样地,实质上没有使油凝胶化的各种抗水合剂,对本发明均为适用的。硬脂肪酸镁就是一个例子。
典型的抗水合剂包括各种有机酸盐,例如具有8个(最好至少约为10)到22个(最好约为20)左右的碳原子的脂肪酸,例如月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等的铝、锌、镁或钙盐。根据金属的化合价和金属被酸氧化的程,所说的盐可以是有一、二或三个取代基的。特别有用的是所说的脂肪酸的铝盐。一硬脂酸铝和二硬脂酸铝是最为优选的抗水合剂。其它有用的包括三硬脂酸铝、一和二硬脂酸钙、一和二硬脂酸镁以及相应的棕榈酸盐。月桂酸盐等。在许多实施例中,所说的抗水合剂的浓度,根据油加上那种试剂的重量,以约1%至约10%(最典型的是在约2%和约5%之间)为好,当然,某些情况下亦可使用其它的浓度。
一般来说,多肽和抗水合剂两者都倾向增加本发明组合物的粘度。使用多肽,特别是具有较大MW和/或有复杂的一级或二级结构的多肽,我发现由此产生的问题可通过使用高重量比的多肽和抗水合剂来克服。在本发明中,这个比值通常至少约为1,较典型的为至少3左右,甚至更一般的在4左右,而最常用的至少约6。虽然对组分的粘度的要求不甚严格,但比值一般不大于40左右,而较典型的不大于20左右为佳。
我发现采用这样的比值时,甚至于采用相对高浓度多肽所固有的较高的组分粘度时,也可以有利于长时间而有效地释放多肽。更令人惊奇的事实是在一些所说的配方中,实际释放速度高是因多肽负载量(由此而引起的配方的粘度)的增加所致。
本发明组合物能用于动物,特别是哺乳动物,包括人和其它灵长目动物体内多肽的延迟释放。用于治疗动物的多肽包括用于小鸡、火鸡等的鸟类激素,用于人、牛、猪、绵羊、山羊等的哺乳动物激素,以及用于鱼类等的水生动物激素。特别有用的多肽包括促进生长的激素和促进生乳的激素。所说的激素包括用于提高各种哺乳类动物包括牛(例如乳牛)、绵羊、山羊和猪的瘦肉/肥肉比例。饲养效率以及奶产量的生长激素。
本文中所使用的术语“生长激素”是指与动物脑下垂体所产生的生长激素有相似生物活性和化学结构的多肽。所说的生长激素包括由脑下垂体生长激素分泌细胞所产生的天然生长激素,以及由遗传上转化了的微生物例如大肠杆菌、其它细菌或酵母所表达的生长激素。用所说的另外一种方法产生的生长激素可能与天然生长激素有相同的氨基酸序列,或可能是在氨基酸序列中有一个或多个变异的类似物,这种变异可提供较高生物活性或某些其它优点。对于本发明特别有用的多肽包括牛和猪生长激素,如由微生物表达的牛和猪生长激素,以及牛、猪或其它动物催乳激素、生长激素释放因子、胎盘催乳激素、类胰岛素生长因子等。这些多肽一般在N-末端上可具有蛋氨酸的残基,例如由微生物翻译多肽一个基因中的ATG起始信号所得到蛋氨酸。然而,在一些情况下希望多肽里的蛋氨酸残基中的甲酰-蛋氨酸不多于20%左右(最好不大于10%左右)以便减少动物的外来体对多肽降解的任何保护倾向。
注射本发明组合物时观察到在某种程度上大部分的多肽是在注射开始释放出来。这可看作为“爆发”,据信这是由注射或其它用药方式而引起表面积增加造成的。在一些情况下有节制的爆发是需要的,例如激活予期的生物交应。在配制本发明之制剂的配方中,一个有用的特征是通过测量短时间用药后经处理的动物血清中多肽浓度而确定的开始爆发水平,与通过测量其后时间动物血清中多肽浓度而确定的延迟释放的水平的相互关系。作为本发明的目的,爆发水平是指注射后24小时血清中多肽的浓度,而延迟释放水平是指注射后14天血清中多肽的浓度。这些浓度被用来计算“爆发对延迟释放”的比例,其值一般认为在1.2左右和6左右之间为好,有报道在1.5左右和3左右的。
估价和配制本发明配方中另一有用的特征是“注射器能力”,这是对通过皮下注射针头的组分流动情况好坏的度量。假若多肽颗粒太大或配方太粘,那就需要施加未加限制的压力迫使组合物通过所说的针头。对于本发明的“注射器能力”的确定,规定一定体积的本发明组合物通过18号标准规格的皮下注射针头,其内径为0.033寸(0.838毫米),长4厘米,对盛在装有针头注射器的组分施加173磅/平方英寸〔1193千帕(Kpa)〕的压力。对本发明的给合物,“注射器能力”要求至少为0.03毫升/秒。所说的注射器能力最好高些,例如至少约0.1毫升/秒,甚至更希望至少约0.3毫升/秒。
本发明组合物的制备是通过将多肽加入单一的油中或悬浮或溶解有抗水合剂的油中。经常最方便的做法是溶解抗水合剂而得到凝胶化的油,于搅拌下向油中加入一定量粉末状凝胶剂如脂肪酸铝,以有助于粉末的悬浮。搅拌过的悬浮液按要求至少要加热到脂肪酸盐的熔点(如对AIMS的熔点(至少155),在该温度下所说的盐将溶于油中。假若凝胶剂或别的抗水合剂能充分溶解,那么也可采用较低的温度,彻底而连续地搅拌有助于防止脂肪酸盐的团聚而保持分散态。通常,加热和搅拌应持续到悬浮的盐完全溶解。经常还希望再继续搅拌一段时间,以保证完全溶解。
脂肪酸盐的油溶液经冷却(如到室温),将会产生相当稳定的凝胶结构。凝胶应该保存在真空条件下或脱水以避免对凝胶结构可能有不利影响的水的沾污。
然后,在不会产生极为有害影响(如变性)的任何温度(如室温)下,将多肽加入油中。例如,4-125℃下将牛生长激素加到油中而不会破坏生物活性。以在真空中加入多肽为宜,这样可以避免水和气泡的污染。按要求,应将多肽仔细分次缓慢加入油中,经过高剪切力混合以便使多肽颗粒形成均匀的分散体。
常常希望减小多肽颗粒体积,而且这是可以做到的,如利用球磨机,在其中多肽悬浮液与装有一定量直径约为0.3-0.6cm的不锈钢球相混合。这与有高速剪切力混合的溶器内较低部分的分散体同时进行,更有助于完成上述要求。这对于那些很难将颗粒尺寸减小到平均粒径(以体积为基础)为不大于15微米(如50%体积的颗粒具有不大于15微米的直径)的高电荷多肽是特别有利的。已发现利用小颗粒多肽(如平均粒径不大于10,最好不大于5微米)可望提高本发明配方的注射器能力。使用所说的球磨机可以很容易将多肽颗粒的平均粒径减小到不大于约5微米的较好状态。然后,利用过滤(最好在真空中)从球磨机中回收本发明的制剂。如前所述,引入注意的是将本发明的组合物用于肠胃外给药,如腹腔内注射,更理想的是用于皮下注射和肌肉注射。延迟释放时间,即使多肽以达到所要求的理想的生物学效应的速度进行释放的时间,典型地是用动物循环血流内多肽的浓度表示。延迟释放期取决于所用的多肽和其生物学效应,按要求至少大约7天。其它情况下,可以至少约为15天,更多地应用的是至少大约30天,或甚至至少60天或60天以上。事实上,根据本发明,已经发现含有与锌缔合的牛生长激素制剂在注射了剂量为2.5ml的哺乳牛的血清中至少持续释放大约7天,平均牛生长激素浓度至少为12毫微克/毫升。这对于达到提高牛奶产量或/饲料牛如转化率的目的是很有利的。为了给要处理的奶牛(如提高牛奶产量)提供有效剂量的牛生长激素,要求配方中至少含有大约300mg的与锌缔合的多肽以便使增加的活性牛生长激素的血清水平维持至少大约15天。为了易于给药,与锌缔合的生长激素浓度应足够高(如至少约15%),以便使用少量的制剂(如大约10ml或更少,如在大约1ml至大约3ml之间)是本发明的一个重要特征。
当然,也可以向组合物中添加其它材料,希望所提供的这些材料不至于明显地抑制多肽的延迟释放。例如可以向本发明的组合物中加入消炎剂或其它添加剂,以减少、防止或抵抗外来物(如无过敏性的)反应的影响。这些添加剂包括甾醇化合物和/或非甾醇化合物消炎剂。配方中添加剂的量最好是低至不足以引起任何全身效应,但对减少局部炎症又是足够有效的。
与金属缔合的生物活性多肽的制备
可用无毒金属(如锌)离子与溶解的多肽反应来制备与多价金属缔合的多肽。通常,以低水溶性盐的形式或一般最好是水溶性盐(如氯化锌)的形式将金属加至多肽的缓冲液中以便沉淀出与金属缔合的多肽。通常溶液中含有有机增溶剂,如脲、胍等,以助于溶解多肽,特别是那些微水溶性的多肽。许多情况下,增溶剂的浓度和/或溶液的PH值对维持多肽的生物活性构型象很关键的。
另外,一般说来,溶液的PH值对所得的与金属缔合的多肽(通常是作为沉淀物)的回收是关键的,PH值的临界范围取决干多肽的等电点。温度最好低些,如通常不高于室温,以避免变性。根据所用多肽的纯度,必要时可以去热原和/或灭菌。如有热原(如内毒素)存在,可因多肽溶液与离子交换树脂接触被除去。多数热原会结合到正电位点上,如在阳离子交换树脂上。有些热原可以结合到负电位点上。因此,使用离子交换树脂微球的混合床可以确保充分排除热原、如利用0.2微米筛目这样的精细过滤器过滤可以除去如细菌或来自前期处理过程中的污染物等的未灭菌异物,从而可将多肽溶液灭菌。
然后,将无毒金属溶液加到去热原的灰菌的多肽溶液中。以沉淀出与金属缔合的多肽,通常可望形成悬浮液。金属的添加速度对所得与金属缔合的多肽的颗粒大小有影响。可以通过调节所加溶溶中金属的浓度,体积流速和/或分散速度来控制金属的添加。
通常,须对与金属缔合的多肽的悬浮液进行稀释,以减小粒度增长的趋势,如可通过凝集作用。然后进行多次离心和洗涤以除去多余的金属和阴离子,从而回收与金属缔合的多肽,并冻干之。
将多肽和金属离子的溶液冻干即可制得与一价金属(如钠或钾)缔合的多肽。
与金属缔合的生物活性生长激素的制备
在所述步骤的更具体的说明中,可将生长激素溶解在各种缓冲液中。较好地是将它溶解在用三羟甲基氨基甲烷(TRIS)或其它合适的缓冲剂缓冲的含水尿素溶液中。通常要求尿素浓度的上限大约为6M;有时,以大约4.5M为重。也可以使用低浓度尿素溶液,即3M或2M,甚至1M,但是要用低溶解性的生长激素。
经缓冲的尿素溶的PH值以大约7至大约10.5为宜,其间的在这些PH值限度内,溶液中生长激素的回收率典型地至少是大约60%;一般地说,PH为9-9.5时能达到较高的回收率(如至少90%)。
整个沉淀过程中,溶液的温度应足够低,以防生长激素齐聚。通常该温度要求低于约10℃,最好低于约5℃。
利用渗滤(或透析)法来处理溶液(如前所述已去热原和灭菌的溶液),使尿素与金属碳酸氢盐溶液(如25mM NaHCO3溶液,PH9.5)或其它合适的盐交换,以便提供一种与一价金属缔合的多肽。最好用碳酸氢盐溶液进行多次交换从而保证将尿素完全交换。然后再对溶液进行处理,即用水进一步渗滤除去过量的NaHCO3(以开始出现MBS沉淀为指征)。通过冻干来回收钠-生长激素,以生产出生长激素钠盐的粉末。
为了提供与多价金属缔合的多肽,将多价(如锌)盐加入溶液中(如前所述已去热原和灭菌的溶液)。已经发现使用1M氯化锌溶液能从生长激素的4.5M尿素溶液中得到可实用的Zn一生长激素沉淀物,当然也可使用较高或较低浓度的氯化物。最好缓慢加入ZnCl2溶液,如滴定,同时搅拌生长激素溶液。
随着ZnCl2溶液的继续加入,生长激素溶液首先呈现灰白色,以随后呈现的珍珠白色做为所加入的ZnCl2的化学计算量。例如,将4Ml 1M ZnCl2加入到400Ml PH为9.5的,在每毫升约含20Mg生长激素和0.09M的TRIS的4.5M尿素溶液中,摇匀,即可形成呈珍珠白色的Zn-生长激素悬浮液,继续加入ZnCl2(如直到大约10Ml 1M ZnCl2溶液),以保证完全沉淀。
然后,通常要求稀释悬浮液以减少沉淀物粘度增长的趋势。已发现用大约3.5体积的水来稀释1M的尿素溶液,可以避免Zn-生长激素颗粒凝聚。利用渗滤法(或多次离心和洗涤)除去尿素、TRIS、锌离子和氯离子进行回收Zn-生长激素颗粒,随后冻干,通常可得到粒度小于10-20微米的粉末。
当生长激素为牛生长激素时,其颗粒通常含有大约0.3-1%的锌(大约每个生长激素分子有1-4个锌分子)。如果提高加入Zn的速度,则发现沉淀中Zn的含量较高,如可高达4-5%。造成较高Zn含量的原因可能是所加入的Zn结合到了生长激素的活性酸结合点上,可能加在了天门冬氨酸和/或谷氨酸残基上,亦可能在组氨酸残基上,或多肽的羟基末端上。这种结合锌的理论不能认为是对本发明范围的限制。一般说来,以使用少量的锌进行沉淀为好。
下面的实施例只是对本发明的具体说明,并不是限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例描述了本发明的与锌缔合的牛生长激素的制备。
本实施例参考了Seebury等人(“Efficient Bacterial Ex-pression of Bovine and Porcine Growth Hormone”2(1)DNA 37-45(1983)所述制备N-末端是蛋氨酸的牛生长激素(MBS)的方法。通过融解细菌细胞,再从细菌细胞碎片中分离出生长激素,以常规方法回收生长激素。
回收MBS的方法之一是用50%的硫酸将发酵肉汤的PH值降低到1.7从而杀死细菌,再用NaOH中和肉汤,离心,留下悬浮在中的细胞糊,摇匀,冷却至大约4℃(直到MBS冻干前的以下各步骤都要保持该温度)将细胞糊离心并洗涤三次,溶解在盐酸胍中(7M)离心除去不溶物,过Sephadcx G25柱以用胍交换尿素,过滤之再过DE52离子交换柱。通过空心丝超滤作用,流出物的体积减小大约30倍,使浓缩的溶液通过Sephader G75层析柱,进行另一个空心丝体积减少步骤,然后透析以使尿素首先交换NaHCO3溶液,之后交换蒸馏水,沉淀出MBS。将沉淀物冻干,留下如前所述的Seeburg等人的文章中指明的具有NH2-met-phe(1)-pro(2)……leu(126)……phe(190)……COOH氨基酸序列之多肽(MBS)的白色固体(微溶于水)。
这种MBS于4℃下按每ml 21.5mg溶解于pH9.5的4.5M尿素,0.09M的TRIS溶液中。按每Ml无菌MBS与0.2克阴/阳离子混合离子交换树脂微球(Biorad AG-501×8)混合,使MBS溶液去热原。于4℃下,将混合物搅拌10分钟,然后用1微米尼龙过滤器过滤以除去含有吸附之热原的树脂微球。将溶液通过经辐射灭菌的0.2μm筛目的褶形膜过滤器除去细胞或来自前期处理过程的污染物等带菌异物,从而使已去热原的MBS灭菌。
在搅拌去热原的MBS溶液的同时,加入1M ZnCl2使MBS转化为锌盐(ZnMBS)。沉淀出的ZnMBS含有大约1%的锌。然后用无菌的去热原水稀释含有ZnMBS固体物的溶液,使尿素浓度为1M。
将溶液保持于4℃,以10,000×g离心30分钟,回收ZnMBS。利用高速剪切力混合方法使ZnMBS以50mg ZnMBS/ml悬浮于无菌的去热原的水中。再以10,000×g离心30分钟,回收ZnMBS,再利用高速剪切力混合法按50mg ZnMBS/ml悬浮于无菌的去热原的水中,而后冻干产生出白色蓬松的无菌ZnMBS粉末。
实施例1A
本实施例描述ZnMBS另一制备方法
利用排液泵,于10℃下,将溶于4.5M尿素和0.05M TRIS中(PH为8.8)含浓度为21mg/ml的去热原的无菌溶液循环通过一个容纳罐,在泵的吸力下,加入1M ZnCl2的浓度达到0.01M,即得到ZnMBS沉淀。加水稀释使浓度达到10gm MBS/ml,从而进一步沉淀出ZnMBS。然后于25C下,将所得ZnMBS悬浮液循环通过渗滤空心丝膜(该膜具有可通过100,000MW分子的微孔),使浓度达到40mg MBS/ml;然后加水使膜过滤速度加快,直到基本上所有的Zn、尿素和TRIS都从悬浮液中除去。估计浓度大约为80mg MBS/ml时停止加水。然后将浓缩的悬浮液冻干,以便提供干的,悬有颗粒大小在0.5-11微米范围内的ZnMBS白色粉末。
实施例1B
本实施例描述与钠缔合的牛生长激素的制备。
于4℃和PH9.5条件下,将每毫升4.5M尿素、0.05M TRIS中含21.5mg的去热原和无菌的溶液进行透析以尿素首先交换NaHCO3液液,然后交换蒸溜水。当MBS开始出现沉淀时,即停止水交换。然后用0.2微米过滤器过滤溶液,滤出沉淀的MBS,冻干,得到能用于本发明之配方的钠盐(NaMBS)。
实施例2
本实施例描述本发明之含有与锌缔合的生长激素组合物的制备。
将一定量芝麻油(Fisher NFG rade)加至三口圆底烧瓶中,加入抗水合剂(AIMS)(其量占AIMS与芝麻油的总量的5%)。将烧瓶放入155℃的油浴中,搅拌使AIMS尽可能快地分散。当AIMS完全溶解于油时,继续搅拌20分钟,从油浴中取出烧瓶,于真空中冷却到25℃,在冷却过程中,溶液变成了粘稠的胶体。将冷却的胶体送入装有直径为1/8,3/16和1/4寸(0.32、0.48和0.64cm)的不锈钢球的球磨机中,该球磨机具有高速剪切搅拌能力。将球磨机抽真空,并且用螺旋送料器将ZnMBS粉末(按实施例1所述方法制备)缓慢加入其中,直到配方中含有40%的ZnMBS(ZnMBS与AIMS重量比为13.3)。继续搅拌6小时,其间,ZnMBS颗粒平均直径从20微米减小到5微米,经过滤从钢球中分离出所得到的基本上无水的ZnMBS的胶凝化油悬浮液。
实施例3
本实施例描述通过多肽,如牛生长激素的延迟释放来提高哺乳期奶牛的产奶量,以验证本发明之组合物的效能。
按照实施例2方法,将5%的AIMS溶液在已加热到155C的芝麻油中来制备基本上无水的制剂。将油冷却形成胶凝化的油。使ZnMBS油中分散且磨碎,直到油的连续相中含有32%的ZnMBS(ZnMBS与AIMS重量之比为9.4),于配有18号,1.5寸(3.8)长之针头的注射器抽入2.54g(2.5ml)制剂,以提供含有805mg ZnMBS的剂量。制剂具有0.36ml/sec的注射器能力同时制备在芝麻油中只含5%AIMS而不含多肽的空白配方,并取2.4g装入同样的注射器中。
将制剂注入23头处于第二(或继后)哺乳期的第二或第三个月的的荷斯坦(Holstein)奶牛体内。将这些牛以每组5或6头随机分成4个组,两组在臂肌区进行肌肉注射,其中一组用含有ZnMBS的制剂,另一组(控制组)用空白的制剂。类似地,另外两组在肩胛区用含有ZnMBS或空白制剂进行皮下注射。
平均牛奶产量的累积最小乘方均值(用预先处理的牛奶产量协变校正差值)如表1所示。其中牛奶产量以公斤/天数表示。由表1所显示的很高的统计学差异显著性水平可以看出将本发明的配方单独进行肌肉注射或皮下注射,可迅速而长时间地提高牛奶产量。
对于未按本发明给药的牛,采集血样分析了其循环系统中牛生长激素正常含量。用放射免疫测定法(“RIA”)所作抽样分析的结果如表2所示。其中血清中生长激素的浓度用毫微克/毫升(ng/ml)表不。
表1
累积校正的平均产乳量(MP)公斤/天
7天 14天 21天 30天剂量 给药方式 MP %Ctrl MP %Ctrl MP %Ctrl MP %Ctrl控制 肌肉注射 23.3 - 22.4 - 22.0 - 21.1 -ZnMBS 肌肉注射 26.6 16.2 26.0 17.1 24.9 13.7 22.9 9.6按制 皮下注射 22.5 - 21.1 - 21.8 - 20.6 -ZnMBS 皮下注射 25.1 9.6 24.8 11.7 24.0 9.6 22.1 5.7同时进行肌肉注射和皮下注射(1)控制 22.9 - 22.2 - 21.9 - 20.9 -(2)ZnMBS 25.9 13.1 25.4 14.4 24.4 11.4 22.6 8.1对照 有意义水平(2)/(1) .0001 .0001 .0004 .0187(a)%Ctrl 表示相对平均控制反应的改善的百分数
表2血浆中平均牛生长激素浓度(ng/ml)注射后天数 肌肉注射 皮下注射
控制 ZnMBS 控制 ZnMBS
0 6.7 5.9 5.1 5.7
1 6.5 8.4 4.6 8.7
2 7.8 9.0 4.3 11.1
3 7.1 9.1 4.0 10.1
4 7.5 10.1 4.5 9.8
5 8.1 12.0 3.1 11.2
6 8.1 18.2 3.9 11.9
7 8.0 21.2 3.6 12.9
9 7.9 21.3 6.6 16.5
11 6.8 18.2 5.2 16.6
13 7.6 16.7 5.2 17.5
15 7.0 16.2 5.4 15.7
17 5.6 12.9 4.1 11.7
19 5.4 13.8 4.4 12.0
21 6.0 11.2 4.3 10.0
23 5.7 10.6 5.3 9.5
25 5.6 9.8 4.4 9.0
27 5.8 8.4 4.9 8.5
29 3.5 6.8 1.1 7.4
31 3.8 5.9 2.5 6.7
实施例4
本实施例阐述使用不同材料配制的在动物体内延长多肽(MBS)释放的本发明三组合物的效力。
本实施例中,ZnMBS制剂基本上是按实施例3方法,联合使用如下成份配制的。
生物相性油:芝麻油或花生油
抗水合剂:AIMS油与AIMS之和的3%或5%
多肽负载:ZnMBS总制剂的20%,30%或40%
将AIMS分散到油中,加热并于155℃下维持15分钟,之后将分散相冷却至25℃,形成胶凝化的油,加入ZnMB且用高速剪切刀混合器(Polytron匀浆器)处理使之分散,形成ZnMBS在胶凝化油中的悬浮液,将悬浮液装入带18号皮下注射针头的结核菌素注射器。
给每组8只计16组免疫抑制的雌性Sprague-Dawley(IFS-D)大鼠于背部肩胛区皮下注射表3所列的配方。
表3
注射的组合物
剂量体积 重量比
组 微升 油 AIMS% ZnMBS% ZnMBS/AIMS
1 200 芝麻 3 无 -
2 200 芝麻 3 20 8.3
3 130 芝麻 3 30 14.3
4 100 芝麻 3 40 22.2
5 200 芝麻 5 无 -
6 200 芝麻 5 20 5.0
7 130 芝麻 5 30 8.6
8 100 芝麻 5 40 13.3
9 200 花生 3 无 -
10 200 花生 3 20 8.3
11 130 花生 3 30 14.3
12 100 花生 3 40 22.2
13 200 花生 5 无 -
14 200 花生 5 20 5.0
15 130 花生 5 30 8.6
16 100 花生 5 40 13.3
(a)基于油与AIMS之重量和。
用放射性免疫分析法分析血样中牛的生长激素含量。表4中的分析结果是以微之克/毫升血浆表示的。表4所示的血浆含量水平其血样是在注射以前0天(即注射当天)采集的。实施例4-7中对于大鼠的某些基线测量高于实施例3中对牛的某些基线和释放的多肽的测量。其原因部分是由于存在与正常生长激素水平的种间差异,部分是由于实施例3的放射免疫分析法更为精确。
表4
牛生长激素的平均血浆浓度,ng/ml
注射后的天数
组 0 1 3 7 11 14 21 28 35
2 9 765 440 304 138 83 21 18 22
3 9 494 309 237 141 113 60 31 15
4 10 381 245 239 169 136 49 35 62
6 6 255 91 146 119 68 49 40 48
7 11 338 194 181 203 141 83 44 53
8 6 468 258 151 134 149 103 48 35
10 6 735 470 255 152 94 32 25 19
11 6 582 391 221 166 134 47 30 32
12 11 753 361 224 171 146 72 41 52
14 7 383 178 143 95 77 41 34 29
15 8 479 246 183 197 215 106 67 70
16 7 413 281 146 142 135 66 39 49
(按着上面所示的天数,对照组1,5,9和13的平均浓度读数是在5-12微毫克/毫升之间)。
实施例5
本实施例说明在用其他脂肪酸铝盐作为抗水合剂时,对本发明之延迟释放多肽组合物的效能。这些配方中,用月桂酸铝(AIML)和一棕榈酸铝(AIMP)作为抗水合剂,用芝麻和花生油作为该组合物的连续相。
在本实施例中,基本上按实施例4的方法,制备含有3%AIMP或AIML的凝胶化油。将ZnMBS悬浮在凝胶化油中,浓度为总配方的30%(ZnMBS与AIML或AIMP的重量比为14.3)。按着表5所示的剂量给一组8只IFS-D大鼠注射。
表5
注射的组合物
剂量体积
组 微升 油 抗水合剂
17 130 芝麻 AIML
18 130 芝麻 AIMP
19 130 芝麻 AIML
20 130 芝麻 AIMP
注射后按指定的天数,对于取自大鼠的血样进行分析,得到如表6所示的牛生长激素浓度,表中以0天的读数作为分析基线。
表6
血浆中平均牛生长激素浓度,ng/ml
注射后天数
组 0 1 3 7 14 21
17 9 431 143 172 49 30
18 10 632 229 277 58 33
19 11 421 162 198 32 28
20 9 492 164 210 17 35
实施例6
本实施例说明,利用橄榄油或者玉米油作为连续相的,本发明之多肽(MBS)延迟释放组合物的效能。
本实施例中,基本上按实施例4的方法,用占AIMS与油之重量和3%的AIMS,制备凝胶化油。将30%或者40%ZnMBS的悬浮液按着表7所示的剂量给两组各为8只的IFS-D大鼠注射。
表7
体积量 注射的组合物
组 微升 油 ZnMBS,% 重量比,ZnMBS/AIMS
21 100 橄榄 40 22.222 100 玉米 30 14.3
注射后按指定的天数,分析取自大鼠的血样,得到如表8所示的牛生长激素浓度,其中以0天的读数作为分析基线。
表8血浆中平均牛生长激素浓度,mg/ml
注射后天数组 0 1 4 11 14 2521 7 996 314 174 98 3622 7 1314 444 158 98 35
实施例7
本实施例说明,在花生油中含有约10%的多肽,MBS和ZnMBS的本发明之配方。本实施例进一步说明,使用与金属缔合的多肽以及抗水合剂,可以提高多肽的延迟释放反应。表4中指定的注射配方基本上是按着实施例4的方法制备的。
表9
注射的组合物
组 多肽 多肽填充剂,% 油 AIMS,%
30 MBS 10 花生 -
31 ZnMBS 10 花生 -
32 MBS 10 花生 1
33 ZnMBS 10 花生 1(a)基于油与AIMS重量之和
将每种配方给一组8只IFS-D大鼠皮下注射300微升。注射后按指定的天数对取自大鼠的血样进行分析,得到如表10所示的血浆浓度,其中以0天的读数作为分析基线。
表10血浆中平均牛生长激素浓度,ng/ml
注射后天数
组 0 1 3 5 7 11 14
30 14 1350 375 145 75 50 20
31 15 1800 310 240 200 40 20
32 12 1200 250 123 64 35 21
33 18 620 350 330 280 175 125
比较组30与31的结果表明,使用缔合的多肽金属,可提高延迟释放BMS至少7天。比较32与33的结果表明。当MBS是与这样的多价金属缔合时,使用抗水合剂可提高MBS的延迟释放。
实施例8
本实施例说明,在下述每种油含有10%牛生长激素,而没有抗水合剂存在的本发明之组合物。这些油是芝麻油、花生油、玉米油、橄榄油、红花籽油、棉籽油、棕榈油、菜籽油以及豆油。将各种油的分离体积保持在下述各温度下:4℃,25℃,50℃,75℃,100℃和125℃。
与实施例2相同,将ZnMBS分散在每种油中并碾磨之,直到其浓度为10%,要使碾磨连续进,直到生长激素的平均颗粒直径小于15微米。各组合物的注射器能力大于0.1毫升/秒。
实施例9
本实施例说明,按实施例8的方法制备的本发明之组合物,与实施例8不同的是,在加入生长激素以前,将AIMS分散在每种油中,其浓度为油与AIMS之重量和的5%。该组合物的主射器能力的注射器能力大于0.1毫升/秒。
实施例10
本实施例说明,按实施例8的方法制备的本发明的组合物,与实施例8不同的是,连续加入生长激素,直到组合物含有40%的牛生长激素。连续进行分散和碾磨,直到生长激素平均颗粒直径小于15微米。该组合物的注射器能力大于0.03毫升/秒。
实施例11
本实施例说明,按实施例10的方法制备的本发明之组合物,与实施例10不同的是,在加入生长激素以前,将AIMS分散在每种油中,其浓度为基于油与AIMS之和的5%。该组合物的注射器能力大于0.03毫升/秒。
实施例12
本实施例说明,在下例每种油中含有10%的牛生长激素的本发明之组合物。这些油是:芝麻油、玉米油、橄榄油、红花籽油、棉油、棕榈油、菜籽油以及豆油。将每种油加热到2160℃并搅拌以溶解AIMS。当1%AIMS被溶解时,将每种油冷却到25℃。与实施例2相同,将ZnMBS分散在冷却的油中并在其中碾磨,直到其浓度达到10%,并且,其平均颗粒直径降低到15微米以下,各组合物的注射器能力均大于0.1毫升/秒。
实施例13
本实施例说明,按实施例12的方法制备的本发明之组合物,与实施例12不同的是,连续加入生长激素,直到各配方含有40%的生长激素。与实施例2相同,碾磨该组合物直到生长激素的平均颗粒直径小于15微米。各组合物的注射器能力均大于0.03毫升/秒。
实施例14
本实施例说明,在下列溶解有浓度为基于油与AIMS之和的5%的AIMS的油中,本发明的组合物含有10%的牛生长激素,这些油是芝麻油、花生油、玉米油、红花籽油、棉籽油、棕榈油、菜籽油以及豆油。将各种油加热到160℃并搅拌以溶解AIMS。当AIMS溶解以后,将每种油冷却到25℃。与实施例2相同,然后,将ZnMBS分散在冷却的油中并碾磨之,直到其浓度为10%。将分散液进一步碾磨,直到生长激素的平均颗粒直径小于15微米。各组合物的注射器能力大于0.1毫升/秒。
实施例15
本实施例中,制备含有42%的牛生长激素的本发明的组合物,是通过连续向实施例14的组合物中加入生长激素,直到各组合物含有42%的生长激素。在还保持油作为连续相的同时,与实施例2相同,将生长激素分散并碾磨之,直到其平均颗粒浓度小于15微米。各组合物的注射器能大于0.03毫升/秒。
实施例16
本实施例说明,在与实施例9中使用的油相类似的油中,用下列抗水合剂中的一种代替AIMS。本发明的组合物含有20%的牛生长激素,这些抗水合剂是二硬酯酸或三硬酯酸铝;一、二或三棕榈酸或月桂酸铝;一或二硬酯酸、月桂酸或棕榈酸镁;以及一或二硬酯酸、月桂酸或棕榈酸钙。在加入生长激素以前,将抗水合剂加到油中。与实施例2相同,将ZnMBS加进去,直到其浓度为20%。连续进行分散和碾磨,直到生长激素的平均颗粒直径小于15微米。各组合物的注射器能力大于0.03毫升/秒。
实施例17
本实施例说明,在与实施例20和相类似的油中,含有其他浓度的牛生长激素的本发明之组合物,在此,与实施例16使用的油不同的是,连续向其中加入生长激素,直到其浓度为25%、30%或35%。连续分散并碾磨,直到生长激素的平均颗粒浓度小于15微米,各组合物的注射器能力大于0.03毫升/秒。
实施例18
当采用化学上未结合的或者化学上与钠或钾离子缔合的牛生长激素时,所得的结果基本上与实施例8-17所得的结果相同。
实施例19
当使用别的牛生长激素时,所得到的结果基本上与实施例8-18所得到的结果相同,例如使用如下氨基酸顺序的牛生长激素。
NH2-蛋-苯丙(1)-脯(2)……缬(126)……苯丙(190)-COOH
NH2-丙-苯丙(1)-脯(2)……缬(126)……苯丙(190)-COOH
NH2-丙-苯丙(1)-脯(2)……亮(126)……苯丙(190)-COOH
NH2-苯丙(1)-脯(2)……亮(126)……苯丙(190)-COOH
NH2-苯丙(1)-脯(2)……缬(126)……苯丙(190)-COOH
NH2-蛋-天冬-谷-苯丙(1)-脯(2)-亮(126)-苯丙(190)-COOH
NH2-蛋-天冬-谷-苯丙(1)-脯(2)-(126)-苯丙(190)-COOH
NH2-蛋(4)……亮(126)……苯丙(190)-COOH
NH2-蛋(4)……缬(126)……苯丙(190)-COOH
实施例20-30
在实施例8-18的方法中用猪生长激素来代替所用的,牛生长激素时,其结果基本相同,这是因为牛和猪生长激素之间的相似性。
在对本发明的具体实施进行描述的同时,本技术领域内的专业技术人员可以很清楚的是:在不超出本发明的实质和内容的前提下,可进行若干改动。因此,发明人想用下述权利要求概括全部发明内容以内的各种变化。
Claims (7)
1.用于延迟释放组合物中的生长激素的制备方法,其中锌离子与选自牛生长激素和猪生长激素的生长激素化学缔合,其特征在于,使锌离子与生长激素反应性接触,然后,任意地除去锌离子,得到锌组成小于约2%(重量)的缔合锌的生长激素。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中的生长激素是猪生长激素。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中的生长激素是牛生长激素。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所得缔合锌的生长激素包含少于约1%(重量)的锌。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所得缔合锌的生长激素含约0.3-1%(重量)的锌。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所得缔合锌的生长激素中的锌不以显著比例与其它低水溶性阴离子发生化学缔合。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所得缔合锌的生长激素中锌分子与生长激素分子之比是约1∶1至约4∶1。
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