CN1055876A - 蛋白进一步糖基化的抑制剂及其用法 - Google Patents
蛋白进一步糖基化的抑制剂及其用法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于抑制非酶交联(蛋白老化)的组
合物及方法。因此,本发明公开的组合物含有一种制
剂,该制剂通过与初始糖基化的靶蛋白早期糖基化产
物的羰基部分反应,能抑制靶蛋白进一步糖基化终产
物的生成。本发明方法包括将靶蛋白与该组合物相
接触。预计本发明具有工业和治疗用途,如可以处理
食品腐败及动物蛋白老化。
Description
申请人是下列文章的共同作者,这些文章与本发明主题直接有关:“通过非酶催糖基化胶原而共价连接可溶性蛋白:在免疫络合物形成中的作用”,Brownlee et al.,J.Exp.Med.,158,pp.1730-1744(1983);和“蛋白质的老化:分离和鉴定由多肽与葡糖反应得到的荧光生色团”,Pongor et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,81,pp.2684-2688,(1984),和“在组织中进一步糖基化终产物和糖尿并发症的生化基础”,Brownlee et al.,The New Eng.J.of Med.,318,pp.1315-1321(1988),上述所有文献均列入本文参考文献中。
一般来说,本发明涉及由蛋白与葡糖和其它还原糖反应而导致的蛋白老化,更具体地说,本发明涉及抑制非酶的糖基化蛋白反应及由此生成的进一步糖基化终产物和交联。
葡糖和蛋白之间的反应早已公知,早在1912年Maillard对食物烹调过程中出现的褐色色素作了鉴定,他观察到葡糖或其它还原糖与氨基酸反应形成加成物,经一系列脱水和重排可形成稳定的褐色色素[Maillard,C.R.Acad.Sci.,154,pp.66-68,(1912)]。进一步研究认为,贮存和加热处理的食品由于葡糖和多肽链反应的结果会产生非酶褐化,并导致蛋白交联,相应地降低了生物可用性。
同样在体内也发现还原糖和食物蛋白之间的反应。因此,葡糖和蛋白上游离氨基之间的非酶反应生成一种稳定的、1-脱氧酮糖基(1-deoxyketosyl)加成物,称为Amadori产物,这表明与血红蛋白发生了反应,其中通过与葡糖反应,血红蛋白β-链的氨基端重排而生成称为血红蛋白AIC的加成物。许多其它体蛋白,如眼晶状体蛋白、胶原和神经蛋白也发现这种反应。参阅Bunn等人,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Comm.,67,pp.103-109(1975);Koenig et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,252,pp.2992-2997(1977);Monnier et al.,in Maillard Reaction in Food and Nutrition,ed.Waller,G.A.,American Chemical Society,215,pp.431-448(1983);and Monnier and Cerami,Clinics-in Endocrinology and Metabolism,11,pp.431-452(1982).
而且,在体内与某些长寿命蛋白相关的如老年人的眼晶蛋白和胶原中也已测到类似后期Maillard产物的具有光谱和荧光性质的褐色色素。在20-90岁的人硬脑膜胶原中测定了色素随年令而增加的线性关系。参阅Monnier et al.,Science,211,pp.491-493(1981);Monnier etal.,Biochem.Biophys.Acta,760,pp.97-103(1983);和Monnier等人.,Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.,81,pp.583-587(1984)。有趣的是,在体外用葡糖诱导的交联可模拟胶原的老化;还应注意,通过交联反应的发生可推理其它蛋白的捕获和胶原加成物的生成,认为这说明所测到的肾基体膜中清蛋白和抗体的积累。参阅,Brownlee et al,J.Exp.Med.,158,pp.1739-1744(1983);和Kohn et al.,Diabetes,33,No.1,pp.57-59(1984)。
在798032号原申请案中公开了一种方法和相关的制剂,通过与靶蛋白和葡糖之间原始反应得到的早期糖基化产物反应而抑制进一步糖基化终产物的生成。因此,假定在抑制剂和早期糖基化产物之间反应而发生抑制作用,显然可阻止糖基化蛋白与另外的蛋白物质继续反应生成交联的后期产物。作为抑制剂的制剂之一是氨基胍,进一步试验结果表明它具有这方面的效用。用氨基胍试验已获得成功,用类似的化合物也有希望,需要继续进行试验和研制其它抑制剂以扩大其实用性,也许还包括这种潜在活性的范围及其诊断和治疗效用。
本发明公开了一种方法和组合物,用以抑制蛋白进一步糖基化(蛋白老化)。更详细地说,该组合物含有用于抑制生成进一步糖基化终产物的非酶交联(蛋白老化)的制剂。该制剂选自能与早期糖基化产物反应的那些物质,包括葡糖与蛋白反应产生的新陈代谢付产物,从而阻止了进一步反应。用本发明方法和组合物也可阻止体内或食物中存在的其它反应糖,包括核糖、半乳糖和果糖所引起的交联。
该制剂含有如下结构式的化合物:
R是低级烷基;
R3是R、-OH、-OR、-NH2、-NHNH2、-NHR;其条件是:当R1和R2分别选自 ,其中R3是R、-OR或-NHR时,则低级烷基部分可为将分子连接成环结构的1-5个碳原子的烷链双基桥;以及它们的可药用酸加成盐和载体。
用于本发明组合物中的化合物可与早期糖基化产物反应从而阻止后期生成进一步糖基化的终产物,该终产物可导致蛋白交联,从而使蛋白老化。
本发明也涉及一种用于抑制蛋白老化的方法,该方法包括使早期糖基化产物存在时的初始糖基化蛋白与一定量本发明的一种或多种制剂或含有该制剂的组合物相接触。在工业上使用本发明方法时,可将一种或多种制剂加到上述靶蛋白中,或在蛋白提取物中引入同样的混合物,或在含一种或多种蛋白的食物中引入或使用该制剂,均可防止过早老化和特种食物的腐败。
抑制进一步糖基化终产物生成的能力,在所有蛋白老化有严重危害的情况下的使用具有极为重要的意义。因此,在食品工业领域,制作某些不易腐败的表面稳定的食品,可延缓食品腐败而受消费者欢迎,具有明显的经济和社会效益。减少腐败可降低检查、去除和替代的费用,并可扩大食物的可用性,有助于稳定市场上食品的价格。同样,蛋白的易腐败性在其它工业应用中也是个难题,本发明的制剂混合物在含有这种蛋白的组合物中可延长该蛋白的有效寿命。目前所用的食物防腐剂和变色预防剂(如二氧化硫已经知道会产生毒性,包括动物过敏和哮喘)都能用本文所述的化合物来代替。
本发明方法具有特殊的治疗用途,如同Maillard方法大大影响某些体内主要蛋白群(其中有胶原、弹性蛋白、眼晶蛋白和肾球基质膜)。这些蛋白随着年令(因此使用“蛋白老化”的术语)和由于糖尿病而破坏。因此,延缓或基本抑制进一步糖基化终产物生成的能力可以治疗糖尿病,当然也能改善其性能,也许能延长动物生命。
本发明制剂也可用于个人美容和卫生方面,用抗斑性质的阳离子抗微生物制剂如洗必太,可防止牙出现色斑。
因此,本发明主要目的是提供一种方法,通过相应地抑制进一步糖基化终产物的生成,从而抑制蛋白与葡糖和其它活性糖反应最后结果而引起的蛋白大范围交联。
本发明另一个目的是提供上述一种方法,该方法特征是与一种初始糖基化蛋白或其副产品,本文一般指早期糖基化产物的反应。
本发明又一个目的是提供上述一种方法,该方法可防止早期糖基化产物的重排和交联以生成所述的进一步糖基化终产物。
本发明再一个目的是提供一种制剂,在上述方法中,该制剂能参与与所述的早期糖基化产物反应。
本发明另一个目的是通过采用上述方法和制剂提供一种处置蛋白老化有害后果的治疗方法。
本发明还有一个目的是通过采用上述方法和制剂,提供一种抑制牙齿变色的方法。
本发明还有一个目的是提供包含药物组合物的组合物,该组合物均含有本发明制剂。
根据如下说明书,本专业技术人员能清楚了解本发明的其它目的和优点。
可以相信,本发明的制剂,含所述制剂的包含药物组合物的组合物及有关方法对于许多存在于动物和植物中的靶蛋白,可抑制进一步糖基化终产物的生成。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种组合物,该组合物含有一种或多种制剂,该制剂含有如下结构式的化合物:
R1是-CN或 ;
R是一个低级烷基基团;
R3是R、-OH、-OR、-NH2、-NHNH2、-NHR;其条件是:当R1和R2分别选自 ,其中R3是R、-OR或-NHR时,则低级烷基部分可为将分子连接成环结构的1-5个碳原子的烷链双基桥;它们的可药用的酸加成盐及其载体。
这里的低级烷基和低级烷氧基基团是指含有1-6个碳原子,包括甲基、甲氧基、乙基、乙氧基、丙基、丙氧基、丁基、丁氧基、戊基、戊氧基、己基、己氧基及其相应的支链异构体。
当R1是一个 基团,R3是-R、-NHR或OR基团时,则最好R2与R1相同,R的烷基在分子两边形成烷链双基桥,即结构式如下的化合物:
在这些结构式中,R最好是1-5个碳原子的烷链双基基团。
(异亚丙基丙二酸酯);
5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己基二酮(双甲酮);
1,3-环己基二酮;
1,3-环戊基二酮;
四氢呋喃-2,4-二酮(季酮酸);
2,4-吡咯烷二酮(tetramic acid);
1-甲基-2,4-吡咯烷二酮;
5-仲丁基-2,4-吡咯烷二酮;
氰基乙酰胺;
N-甲基乙酰基乙酰胺;
氰基乙酰脲;
乙酰基乙酰甘氨酸;
丙二酸二酰肼;
2,4-戊二酮(乙酰丙酮);
3-氧代-丁酰胺;
4,4-二甲基-3-氧代戊酸甲酯;
丙二酸;
丙二酸钾单甲基酯(丙二酸单甲酯钾盐);
和丙二酸氢单乙酯。
上述化合物在靶蛋白上都能抑制进一步糖基化终产物的生成。蛋白交联以形成进一步糖基化终产物会促进其它蛋白的俘获,结果使体内状态改变,如皮肤弹性降低和起皱、一些肾疾病、动脉粥样硬化、骨关节炎及其它类似病症。同样,对于食物来说,植物性物质经非酶催褐化破坏会腐败或变硬,从而不能食用。因此,用本发明化合物可抑制后期的Maillard效应而阻止上述的腐败变化。
本发明的原理是用多种制剂以阻止后糖基化步骤,即荧光生色团的生成,如上述Pongor等人和上述Farmar等人所证实的那样,在其它文章中提及,生色团的存在会导致糖尿病和老化的不利后果。理想的制剂可阻止生色团的形成及与其有关的蛋白与蛋白的交联,并在其它蛋白上捕俘蛋白,例如在动脉和肾中发生。
与本发明化合物反应的早期糖基化产物的化学性质可以不同,因此,本文所用的术语“早期糖基化产物”包括任何和全部该范围内的这种变体。例如,已推测早期糖基化产物具有羰基部分,它包含在生成的进一步糖基化终产物内,可通过与本发明化合物反应而阻止。在一个实施方案中,预计早期糖基化产物可含有Amadori产物的活性羰基部分,或它们进一步缩合、脱水和/或重排的产物,这些产物可缩合而形成进一步糖基化的终产物。另一种情况是,由分裂的Amadori或其它早期糖基化终产物可形成含一个或多个羰基部分的活性羰基化合物(如乙醇醛、甘油醛或3-脱氧葡糖醛酮)(参阅,如,Gottschalk,A.(1972)在“The Glycoproteins(Gottschalk,A.,ed)Part A,pp.141-157,Elsevier Publishing CO.,New York;Reynolds,T.M.(1965)Adv.Food Res.,14,pp.167-283),然后与胺或Amadori产物反应,可形成如上述Farmar等人所述的烷基甲酰基葡基吡咯那样的含羰基的进一步糖基化产物。
某些研究人员已研究了进一步糖基化产物形成的机理。Eble等人(1983)在体外研究了“蛋白的非酶催糖基化和依赖于葡糖的交联”,J.Biol.Chem.,258∶9406-9412,涉及在没有葡糖时,糖基化蛋白与非糖基化蛋白的交联。Eble等人试图说明Maillard反应的机理,于是引入RNA酶的控制的初始糖基化作为模拟体系,然后在不同条件下进行测试。一方面,使糖基化蛋白质分离,并放在无葡糖的环境中,从而观察测定交联的程度。
由此Eble等人观察到不仅与糖基化蛋白而且也与非糖基化蛋白继续发生交联。Eble等人注意到一个现象,糖基化蛋白和蛋白物质之间的反应似乎是在氨基酸赖氨酸蛋白链上局部发生。Eble等人通过实验证明了这种连接,它说明游离赖氨酸与RNA酶上的赖氨酸竞争以结合糖基化蛋白。因此,从这些数据可以推断赖氨酸可用作进一步糖基化的抑制剂;但是,这种结论和如下的测定结果必须在Eble等人所制备和测试的模拟体系的相对有限范围内进行。显然,Eble等人没有意识到,也没有提出本发明关于在体外和在体内抑制蛋白进一步糖基化的如下发现。
Eble等人的实验没有提出存在葡糖时,体内生成进一步糖基化终产物的反应裂解产物的机理或任何其它机理。事实上,其它研究者支持这种机理以解释体内生成进一步糖基化终产物(参阅如上述Hayase等人,1989;上述Sell和Monnier,1989;Oimomi等人,Agric.Biol.,Chem.,53(6)∶1727-1728(1989);和Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,6∶311-313(1989)。因此,在Eble等人的模拟体系中用赖氨酸作抑制剂没有影响用本发明化合物在体内有葡糖时抑制进一步糖基化终产物的生成及治好糖尿病和老化并发症。
用于本发明的组合物包括或含有多种制剂,该制剂能与上述早期糖基化产物的活性羰基中间体反应。合适的制剂为本发明结构式Ⅰ的化合物。
本发明也涉及用于抑制进一步糖基化终产物生成的方法,该方法包括将靶蛋白与本发明组合物相接触。当靶蛋白包含在食物中时,不管是植物还是动物源,均可用各种常规方法将含有本发明制剂的组合物加到食物中。
在食品工业中,以前用硫化物抑制Maillard反应,通常用它处置和贮存食品。但是最近认为,食品中的硫化物对哮喘会引起严重甚至致使的反应。因此,已禁止用硫化物处理新鲜水果和蔬菜。过敏反应的机理尚不清楚。所以,本发明的组合物和制剂对于按这种方式处理食品时提供了硫化物的无毒代用品。
由本发明讨论的范围可清楚看出,本发明方法和组合物能抑制动物和植物中主要蛋白的老化,同时得到经济和医学效益。在食物情况下,施用本发明组合物可延缓食品腐败,从而增加食品上架时间,大大有利于消费者。用无毒的、生物相容性化合物代替目前所用的防腐剂(如已知会引起人过敏和哮喘的二氧化硫)是本发明的又一个优点。
正如早已指出的,本发明的治疗含意是指抑制老化过程,这在进一步糖基化和交联的关键蛋白的老化中得到了证实。因此,体蛋白和特别是结构体蛋白如胶原、弹性蛋白、眼晶蛋白、神经蛋白、肾小球基质膜及其它血管外基质组分在实施本发明中均有利于长寿和操作。因此本发明可减轻包括交联靶蛋白捕集蛋白的病理学影响,如视网膜病、白内障、糖尿病的肾病、肾小球硬化症、外血管病、闭塞性动脉硬化、外神经病、中风、高血压病、动脉粥样硬化、骨关节炎、关节周围僵硬、皮肤少弹性和起皱、关节硬化、肾小球肾炎等。而且,这些情况均在患有糖尿病的患者中得到证实。因此,本发明治疗方法可用于治疗老年患有上述病症的病人。
通过进一步糖基化产物的形成而使蛋白交联可降低结构蛋白如胶原在管壁的溶解度(参阅Brownlee等人,Science,232,pp.1629-1632,(1986),而且也能捕集血清蛋白,如脂蛋白到胶原上。而且在内皮下基体中可导致内皮渗透性增加,接着共价捕集外渗的血浆蛋白,减少血浆和基体蛋白对由酶引起的生理降解的敏感性。[参阅Brownlee等人.,Diabetes,35,suppl.1,p.42A(1986)]。为此,可以认为,由慢性高血糖引起的糖尿病血管的积累吸留是由于过多生成葡糖衍生的交联的缘故。用本发明的组合物和方法,化学抑制进一步糖基化产物生成可有效阻止这种糖尿病大血管变化和大血管吸留。
研究表明,靶器官中慢性糖尿病症的发展主要与高血糖有关,因此严格控制新陈代谢可延缓甚至防止端器官受损害。参阅Nicholls等人.,Lab.Invest.,60,No.4,p.486(1989),它讨论了小岛状物同基因移植和氨基胍在鼠的糖尿病肾病中的作用。这些研究进一步证实了氨基胍消除了糖尿病鼠中主动脉壁蛋白交联,并肯定了Brownlee等人.,Science,232,pp.1629-1632(1986)对糖尿病并发症的另外靶器官的早期研究。其它的研究也表明用氨基胍可减少肾中捕集的免疫球蛋白(Brownlee等人.,Diabetes,35,Suppl.1,p.42A(1986)。
上述Brownlee等人(1988)进一步证明,在链脲佐菌素一糖尿病鼠的模拟中施用氨基胍可阻止糖尿病肾病的发展,这与肾中形态学变化(即糖尿病肾病的标志)无关。这些研究者报导,用氨基胍可阻止肾小球基质膜厚度的增加,一种糖尿病肾病的主要结构异常特征。
综上所述,这些数据充分说明本发明能抑制进一步糖基化产物(AGEs)的生成,可阻止晚期以及早期因糖尿病引起的结构损伤,以及可阻止由于生成AGE's而引起的老化变化。
糖尿病诱发的红血细胞变形性变化会使细胞膜更硬,这是另一种交联的表现,且已表明在体内可用氨基胍加以阻止。在这种研究中,用带有诱发长期糖尿病的新西兰白兔研究了试验化合物对红血细胞(RBC)变形性(df)的作用。用口服管饲法将试验化合物施给糖尿病鼠,药量为100mg/kg[Brown等人,Presentation of Abstract for Association for Academic Minority Physicians,Annual Scientific Meeting(1989)]。
已经表明用氨基胍可阻止糖尿病鼠中胶原交联增加。Oxlund和Andreassen在“用氨基胍处置可阻止糖尿病鼠中胶原的生物化学和生物机械稳定性的增加”(European Association for the Study of Diabetes,Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting,p.525A,Abstract NO.371,1989)中表明了其作用以及机械强度,当腱纤维热稳定性由脲浴中的断裂时间确定时。Soulis等人的“氨基胍降低糖尿病鼠中的组织荧光但不减少蛋白尿”(NIH Conference on the Maillard Reaction in Aging,Diabetes,and Nutrition,Bethesda,Maryland,September 22-23,1988,Page 30)中表明在主动脉的胶原中测得的荧光和溶解度结果相同。
Giambione and Brownlee在“氨基胍处置在长期链脲佐菌素一糖尿病鼠的肾中昆布宁B1mRNA的稳定态量正常增加”[Diabetes,38,Supplement 2∶83A Forty-ninth Annual Meeting,American Diabetes Association(1989)]中表明用氨基胍处置糖尿病鼠可阻止肾中由糖尿病诱导所增加的昆布宁B1mRNA量。这表明氨基胍可阻止基质的过量产生,该基质可导致肾及其它器官中基膜增厚以及血管系统的形态学和功能性恶化。
糖尿病的另一结果是高血糖诱导的基质骨分化,从而可减少通常与慢性糖尿病有关的骨形成。在动物模拟中,糖尿病降低的基质诱导骨分化为70%[Am.J.Phys.,238(1980]。
在本发明组合物用于体内或治疗目的的情况下,应注意,本文所用的化合物或制剂均是生物可用性。制备的药物组合物含有治疗有效量的本发明制剂或化合物,并含有可药用的载体(选自用于该目的的公知物质)。可将该组合物制成各种形式,这取决于给药方法。也可用结构式Ⅰ化合物和各种可药用的加成盐。
当通过静脉、肌肉内或腹膜内注射给药时,可使用液体形式。适当时可制成口服给药的固体药剂,如片剂、胶囊或液体配剂如溶液或悬浮液。对于皮肤或眼睛局部或皮肤使用时,可将制剂配制在合适的赋形剂中如水、乙醇、丙二醇或含有有助于渗透进眼睛或皮肤的载体,以配成溶液、洗液或软膏。例如,一种局部用制剂可含有高达10%的结构式Ⅰ的化合物。也可制成对其它体组织给药的其它合适剂形。
将本发明方法用于治疗时,对待治疗的动物受体以合适的药物方式施给一定量的一种或多种制剂。可用已知方法给药,如口服、局部和非肠道方法如皮内、皮下、静脉或腹膜内注射,也可用其它常规方法。制剂的给药可在一段时间用一种剂量,如高达约25mg/Kg。
如上所述,本发明也涉及口腔中抑制由非酶催褐化所导致的牙齿变色,包括对需要这种治疗的主体施给有效量的含结构式Ⅰ制剂的组合物以抑制进一步糖基化终产物的生成。
口腔中发生非酶催褐化反应可导致牙齿变色。目前所用的抗噬菌斑剂可加速这种非酶催褐化反应,并使牙齿进一步染色。目前已配制一种具有明显抗噬菌斑性质的阳离子抗菌剂的口腔冲洗液日常用以杀死口中细菌。这些阳离子防腐性的制剂包括如双胍啶,氯化十六烷基吡啶、洗必太葡糖酸酯、双辛氢啶和氯苄烷铵。
用洗必太和其它抗噬菌斑制剂染色牙齿显然是由于加强了Maillard反应的结果。Nordbo,J.Dent.Res.,58,p.1429(1979)报导了洗必太和氯苄烷铵在体外的催化褐化反应。将洗必太加到含有糖衍生物的混合物中以及氨基源增加颜色生成都归于Maillard反应。还知道用洗必太会导致齿表皮增加。Nordbo提出洗必太导致齿染色有二个途径:第一,由于含多个氨基基团的表皮生成增加,第二,通过催化Maillard反应而导致有色的产物。
按本发明方法,将结构式Ⅰ的化合物配成适用于口腔的组合物。特别合适的制剂是掺有活性制剂的口洗液和牙膏。
在实施本发明时,用常规配制方法与一般常用量的无毒的、可药用的载体和配制该口洗液和牙膏的混合物相混合。
将结构式Ⅰ的制剂按抑制进一步糖基化终产物生成的有效量配制成组合物。当然,其量按所用的特定制剂而不同,但一般特定制剂的特定剂量范围为0.01%-1.0%(重量)。
此外,由于上述方法的制剂在口服摄食或非肠道给药时在唾液腺中浓缩,所以它们能这样给药。在唾液腺中浓缩会导致其分泌成唾液,结果使它们功能性地留在口腔中以实施它们所要的方法。对于这种给药方式,可将特定的制剂制成任何常用的口服或非肠道剂量形式。特别理想的剂量形式是将制剂掺入维生素片或氟化物片中以增大患者,特别是年轻患者的用量。
用现有技术中公知的化学合成方法可方便的制备结构式Ⅰ的化合物。某些结构式Ⅰ的化合物是从市场上买到的(由化学品供应机构提供)公知化合物和/或用充分公开的合成方法制备。例如,下列化合物可从Aldrich化学公司(Milwau Kee,Wisconsin)买到:
丙烷基二酰胺(丙二酰胺);
3-氨基-3-亚氨基丙酰胺单氯化氢
(丙酰胺脒HCl);
氰基乙酸酰肼;
(氰基乙酰基酰肼、氰乙酰肼);
甲磺酰乙腈;
2,2-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷-4,6-二酮
(异亚丙基丙二酸酯);
5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己烷二酮
(双甲酮);
氰基乙酰胺;
氰基乙酰脲;
乙酰基乙酰甘氨酸;
丙二酸二酰肼;
2,4-戊二酮;
3-氧代丁酰胺;
丙二酸和
丙二酸钾单甲基酯(丙二酸-甲酯钾盐)。
化学和专利文献中所述的结构式为Ⅰ的其它化合物如下:
氰基乙酸;
甲基磺酰丙酮;
甲基磺酰乙酰胺;
二乙基丙二酸酯;
二甲基丙二酯酯;
甲磺酰乙酸乙酯;
丙二腈;
4,4-二甲基-3-氧代戊酸甲酯;
4,4-二甲基-3-氧代戊腈;
N-甲基乙酰基乙酰胺;
丙二酸氢单乙酯;
1,3-环己烷二酮;
1,3-环戊烷二酮;
四氢呋喃-2,4-二酮(季酮酸);
2,4-琥珀酰亚胺二酮(tetramic acid);
1-甲基-2,4-琥珀酰亚胺二酮[Lee等人.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.100∶4225-4236(1978)];和
5-仲丁基-2,4-琥珀酰亚胺二酮[Stickings等人.,Biochem.I.,78∶412-418(1961)]。
通过下列实施例的说明可更好的理解本发明。
实施例1
用如下方法测定本发明化合物对葡糖一间接发生牛血清清蛋白(BSA)荧光的抑制能力,一种交联测定方法。在浓度为1mM,含400mM葡糖和100mg/ml BSA的1.5M磷酸钠缓冲液(pH为7.4)中,在无菌条件下培养化合物。
立即取出培养混合物的样品,在37℃培养1周后测定荧光。对每个测试化合物,在缓冲液中单取化合物(C)、化合物加葡糖(G+C)和化合物加BSA(B+C)进行对照培养。制备另一组葡糖和BSA(B+G)的培养物作为对照基线,以测定抑制该化合物的能力。每个培养物重复三次。
每个样品用蒸馏水稀释100倍后测量荧光(激发,370nm;发射,440nm)。
每个测试化合物的褐化抑制率%计算如下。F均表示培养1周后样品的荧光测定值,它低于培养前的荧光。
%抑制率 = (FB+G- [FB+G+C- (FC+ FC+C+ FB+C)] ×100)/(FB+G)
其中B=BSA,G=葡糖和C为测试化合物。
浓度为1mM的各种测试化合物抑制褐化的百分率为:
0% 无抑制剂;
56.9% 丙烷二酰胺(丙二酰胺);
51.9% 3-氨基-3-亚氨基丙酰胺-氯化氢(丙酰胺
脒HCl)
51.9% 氰基乙酸酰肼
(氰基乙酰基酰肼、氰乙酰肼)
35.8% 甲磺酰乙腈;
24.1% 2,2-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷-4,6-二酮(异亚丙基丙二酸酯;Meldrum酸);
47.1% 5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己烷二酮
(双甲酮);
35.1% 乙酰基乙酰甘氨酸;
69.9% 丙二酸二酰肼;
51.6% 2,4-戊烷二酮;
33.2% 3-氧代丁酰胺;
40.6% 丙二酸
35.8% 丙二酸钾单甲基酯(丙二酸单甲酯钾盐)。
上述实验提出有关这类药物治疗有利于降低蛋白进一步糖基化及蛋白和其它大分子间生成交联的病理学。用药物治疗可阻止蛋白捕集和交联的增加(这在糖尿病和老化时发生,它可导致后遗症如视网膜损伤和外脉管对腱、韧带和其它关节的损伤)。这种治疗可延缓因糖尿病和老化引起的动脉粥样硬化和结缔组织变化。局部、口服和非肠道给药可进行局部和系统治疗。
实施例2
片剂 mg/片
结构式1的化合物 50
淀粉 50
甘露醇 75
硬脂酸镁 2
硬脂酸 5
将化合物、部分淀粉和乳糖混合,用淀粉糊进行湿粒化。将湿颗粒放在盘中,在45℃温度下干燥过夜。在造粒机中将干粒粉碎至粒径约为20筛孔。加入硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸和其余的淀粉,充分混合,然后在合适的压片机中压制。用硬度为4Kg的11/32″冲模压制成重为232mg的片剂。按USP ⅩⅤⅠ中所述方法在半小时内使这些片剂崩解。
实施例3
洗剂 mg/g
结构式1的化合物 1.0
乙醇 400.0
聚乙二醇400 300.0
羟丙基纤维素 5.0
丙二醇 加到1.0g
实施例4
口洗液
结构式Ⅰ的化合物 1.4%
洗必太葡糖酸酯 0.12%
乙醇 11.6%
糖精钠 0.15%
FD & C Blue No.1 0.001%
薄荷油 0.5%
甘油 10.0%
吐温60 0.3%
水 加到100%
实施例5
牙膏
结构式Ⅰ的化合物 5.5%
山梨醇,70%水的溶液 25%
糖精钠 0.15%
十二烷基硫酸钠 1.75%
Carbopol 934,6%的水分散液 15%
留兰香油 1.0%
氢氧化钠,50%水的溶液 0.76%
二碱磷酸钙二水合物 45%
水 加到100%
实施例6
为进一步研究非酶催褐化抑制剂对表面蛋白,如发生在牙齿表面的蛋白变色的阻止能力,进行了如下表面褐化实验,用未曝露的和显影照相纸作复盖牙表面外层的替代物在纸背提供一层固定蛋白(明胶,即胶原)表面。穿5厘米的圆孔,在含3mM叠氮化钠的100mM葡糖-6-磷酸盐,在0.5M磷酸缓冲液(pH为7.4)的溶液中在50℃浸渍一星期。葡糖-6-磷酸盐是一种糖,它比葡糖能以更快的速率参与非酶催褐化。除葡糖-6-磷酸盐外,还含有洗必太和/或结构式Ⅰ的化合物。培养后用水冲洗明胶/纸盘,观察褐色并照相。
在只有葡糖-6-磷酸盐的培养盘中相对于只有缓冲液的培养盘来说略显褐色。含有洗必太的(呈Peridex形式,最终浓度为0.04%洗必太)结果明显褐化。在洗必太中加入结构式Ⅰ的化合物能完全抑制明胶褐化,与没有洗必太而含有结构式Ⅰ化合物的一样。
由于葡糖-6-磷酸盐只在明胶表面上起作用,因此生成了浅褐色,用结构式Ⅰ的化合物可阻止褐化,这说明用本发明可阻止牙齿表面非酶催褐化。在有洗必太存在时可加强褐化,用结构式Ⅰ化合物可抑制褐化,这说明本发明可用于阻止洗必太产生的抗噬菌斑加强的非酶催褐化。
在不脱离本发明实质和主要特征的前提下,可按其它方式实施或进行本发明,因此本公开所附权利要求只是为了说明而不是限制发明的范围,其中还包括含义和等同物范围内的所有变更。
Claims (43)
3、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物的结构式中R1是氰基基团和R2是-SO2R、 。
4、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是甲磺酰乙腈。
5、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是氰基乙酰胺。
6、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是氰基乙酸酰肼。
7、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是氰乙酰脲。
8、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物的结构式中R1是一个 基团,其中R3是一个氨基,而R2是与R1相同的基团或者是一个 基团。
9、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是丙二酰胺。
10、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是3-氨基-3-亚氨基丙酰胺单氯化氢。
12、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是丙二酸。
13、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是丙二酸钾单甲基酯。
15、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是2,4-戊二酮。
16、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是乙酰基乙酰甘氨酸。
18、权利要求17的组合物,其特征为R含有1-5个碳原子。
19、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮。
20、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是丙二酸二酰肼。
21、权利要求1或2的组合物,其特征为所述化合物是甲磺酰基乙腈。
25、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是甲磺酰乙腈。
26、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是氰基乙酰胺。
27、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是氰乙酸酰肼。
28、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是氰基乙酰脲。
30、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是丙二酰胺。
31、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是3-氨基-3-亚氨基丙酰胺单氯化氢。
33、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是丙二酸。
34、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是丙二酸钾单甲基酯。
35、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物结构式中R1是一个R3为R的 基团,而R2是一个相同于R1的基团或是一个 基团。
36、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是2,4-戊二酮。
37、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是乙酰基乙酰甘氨酸。
39、权利要求23的方法,其中R含有2-5个碳原子。
40、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己基二酮。
41、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是丙二酸二酰肼。
42、权利要求23的方法,其特征为所述化合物是甲磺酰乙腈。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/503,804 US5175192A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1990-04-03 | Inhibitors of the advanced glycosylation of proteins and methods of use therefor |
US503,804 | 1990-04-03 | ||
US672,946 | 1991-03-25 | ||
US07/672,946 US5218001A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1991-03-25 | Inhibitors of the advanced glycosylation of proteins and methods of use therefor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1055876A true CN1055876A (zh) | 1991-11-06 |
Family
ID=27054623
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN91102852A Pending CN1055876A (zh) | 1990-04-03 | 1991-04-03 | 蛋白进一步糖基化的抑制剂及其用法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5218001A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0450598A3 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1055876A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU7400091A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2039542A1 (zh) |
IE (1) | IE911095A1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT97243A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104334165A (zh) * | 2012-06-05 | 2015-02-04 | 欧拉泰克工业有限责任公司 | 用于治疗炎症和疼痛的药物组合物 |
CN104349772A (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-02-11 | 欧拉泰克工业有限责任公司 | 用于治疗炎症和疼痛的化合物 |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5514676A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1996-05-07 | The Rockefeller University | Amino-benzoic acids and derivatives, and methods of use |
US5476849A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1995-12-19 | The Rockefeller University | Methods for glycosylation inhibition using amino-benzoic acids and derivatives |
US5534540A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1996-07-09 | Alteon Inc. | Methods of inhibiting the advanced glycosylation of proteins using tetramic and tetronic acids and compositions therefor |
US5130324A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1992-07-14 | The Rockefeller University | 2-alkylidene-aminoguanidines and methods of use therefor |
US5246971A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-09-21 | Washington University | Method of inhibiting nitric oxide formation |
US5358969A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1994-10-25 | Washington University | Method of inhibiting nitric oxide formation |
US5246970A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-09-21 | Washington University | Method of inhibiting nitric oxide formation |
US6228858B1 (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 2001-05-08 | University Of Kansas Medical Center | Advanced glycation end-product intermediaries and post-amadori inhibition |
US6750209B1 (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 2004-06-15 | Kansas University Medical Center | Advanced glycation end-product intermediaries and post-amadori inhibition |
US6436969B1 (en) | 1995-09-12 | 2002-08-20 | Kansas University Medical Center Research Institute Inc. | Dialysis solutions and methods |
US5744451A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1998-04-28 | Warner-Lambert Company | N-substituted glutamic acid derivatives with interleukin-1 β converting enzyme inhibitory activity |
WO1997018223A1 (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-05-22 | The Picower Institute For Medical Research | Improved method and agents for inhibiting protein aging |
US20030013746A1 (en) * | 1996-09-10 | 2003-01-16 | University Of Kansas Medical Center. | Advanced glycation end-product intermediaries and post-amadori inhibition |
US6025401A (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 2000-02-15 | The Picower Institute For Medical Research | Method and agents for inhibiting protein aging |
ID26666A (id) | 1998-05-15 | 2001-01-25 | Unilever Nv | Penggunaan agen untuk pencegahan penyakit gusi |
CA2486905A1 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-04 | Unilever Plc | Cosmetic compositions containing salts of malonic acid |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3957967A (en) * | 1973-07-27 | 1976-05-18 | Blendax-Werke R. Schneider & Co. | Agent for the care and the cleaning of teeth and dentures |
US4983604A (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1991-01-08 | The Rockefeller University | Inhibitors of nonenzymatic cross-linking |
US4758583A (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1988-07-19 | The Rockefeller University | Method and agents for inhibiting protein aging |
JPS62249908A (ja) * | 1986-04-21 | 1987-10-30 | Lion Corp | コラ−ゲンの架橋反応抑制剤 |
-
1991
- 1991-03-25 US US07/672,946 patent/US5218001A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-02 AU AU74000/91A patent/AU7400091A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-04-02 CA CA002039542A patent/CA2039542A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-04-03 IE IE109591A patent/IE911095A1/en unknown
- 1991-04-03 PT PT97243A patent/PT97243A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-04-03 CN CN91102852A patent/CN1055876A/zh active Pending
- 1991-04-03 EP EP19910105259 patent/EP0450598A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104334165A (zh) * | 2012-06-05 | 2015-02-04 | 欧拉泰克工业有限责任公司 | 用于治疗炎症和疼痛的药物组合物 |
CN104349772A (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-02-11 | 欧拉泰克工业有限责任公司 | 用于治疗炎症和疼痛的化合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU7400091A (en) | 1991-10-10 |
EP0450598A3 (en) | 1992-04-29 |
EP0450598A2 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
IE911095A1 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
PT97243A (pt) | 1991-12-31 |
US5218001A (en) | 1993-06-08 |
CA2039542A1 (en) | 1991-10-04 |
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