CN103030617A - 吡喃葡萄糖基取代的苯基衍生物、含该化合物的药物、其用途及其制造方法 - Google Patents
吡喃葡萄糖基取代的苯基衍生物、含该化合物的药物、其用途及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103030617A CN103030617A CN2012105151009A CN201210515100A CN103030617A CN 103030617 A CN103030617 A CN 103030617A CN 2012105151009 A CN2012105151009 A CN 2012105151009A CN 201210515100 A CN201210515100 A CN 201210515100A CN 103030617 A CN103030617 A CN 103030617A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- base
- carbonyl
- benzyl
- aryl
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000003814 drug Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 128
- -1 methoxyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 127
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 98
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 93
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 60
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 46
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 43
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 42
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000006297 carbonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 108091032995 L1Base Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910005965 SO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000006272 (C3-C7) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004646 sulfenyl group Chemical group S(*)* 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004768 (C1-C4) alkylsulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 102000000070 Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108010080361 Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005368 heteroarylthio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000587 piperidin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000006559 (C1-C3) alkylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003214 pyranose derivatives Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004618 benzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004786 difluoromethoxy group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-glucono-1,5-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003681 gluconolactone Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- GXGRVEFOJXINFI-YMQHIKHWSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[4-chloro-3-[(4-ethynylphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@]1(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(CC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C#C)=C1 GXGRVEFOJXINFI-YMQHIKHWSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KBFKNUPRTJGGGF-YMQHIKHWSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[3-[(4-ethynylphenyl)methyl]-4-fluorophenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@]1(O)C1=CC=C(F)C(CC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C#C)=C1 KBFKNUPRTJGGGF-YMQHIKHWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OMAFUSRFORDFLA-NHTNDUFYSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[4-methyl-3-[[4-(2-trimethylsilylethyl)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([C@]2(O)[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=C1CC1=CC=C(CC[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1 OMAFUSRFORDFLA-NHTNDUFYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YRNCKDWNAQXBIU-NHTNDUFYSA-N OC[C@H]1O[C@@](O)([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)c1ccc(Cl)c(Cc2ccc(OC3CCCCC3)cc2)c1 Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@](O)([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)c1ccc(Cl)c(Cc2ccc(OC3CCCCC3)cc2)c1 YRNCKDWNAQXBIU-NHTNDUFYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZUGUABJOHCSGCZ-YMQHIKHWSA-N OC[C@H]1O[C@@](O)([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)c1cccc(Cc2ccc(cc2)C#C)c1 Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@](O)([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)c1cccc(Cc2ccc(cc2)C#C)c1 ZUGUABJOHCSGCZ-YMQHIKHWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003855 acyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940127003 anti-diabetic drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003472 antidiabetic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[4-(oxoazaniumylmethylidene)pyridin-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]pyridin-4-ylidene]methyl]azanium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C1=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=CN1CCOCCOCCN1C=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=C1 UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 331
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 121
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 91
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 53
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 40
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 39
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 28
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 26
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 25
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 238000003810 ethyl acetate extraction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 18
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 16
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 13
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 9
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- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 125000001352 cyclobutyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCC1)O* 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Substances C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 7
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
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- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
本发明涉及通式I的吡喃葡萄糖基取代的苯衍生物,其中R1至R6与R7a、R7b、R7c基如权利要求1所定义,包括互变异构体、其立体异构体、其混合物及其盐。本发明化合物用于治疗代谢病症。
Description
本申请是中国发明申请(发明名称:吡喃葡萄糖基取代的苯基衍生物、含该化合物的药物、其用途及其制造方法;申请日:2005年03月11日;申请号:200580006944.9)的分案申请。
本发明涉及通式I的吡喃葡萄糖基取代的苯衍生物
其中R1至R6与R7a、R7b、R7c基如下文所定义,包括其互变异构体、立体异构体、其混合物及其盐。本发明进一步有关包含本发明的式I化合物的药物组合物,以及使用本发明化合物以制备治疗代谢病症的药物组合物。此外,本发明有关制备本发明的药物组合物以及化合物的方法。
在文献中,提出利用对于钠依赖型葡萄糖-协同转运蛋白SGLT2具抑制作用的化合物来治疗疾病,特别是糖尿病。
吡喃葡萄糖基取代的芳香族及其制备与其作为SGLT2抑制剂的可能活性由下列国际申请案中已知,WO 98/31697、WO 01/27128、WO 02/083066、WO 03/099836、WO 2004/063209、WO 2004/080990、WO 2004/013118、WO2004/052902、WO 2004/052903、与美国专利申请US 2003/0114390。
发明目的
本发明的目的是要找出新的吡喃糖基取代的苯衍生物,特别是对钠依赖葡萄糖协同转运蛋白SGLT,特别是SGLT2具有活性。本发明的另外的目的是要说明吡喃糖基取代的苯衍生物,其在体内和/或在体外与已知的类似结 构的化合物比较,对于钠依赖型葡萄糖协同转运蛋白SGLT2具有增强的抑制效果,和/或具有较佳的药理或药物动力学性质。
本发明的另外的目的是要提供新的、适于预防和/或治疗特别是糖尿病的代谢病症的药物组合物。
本发明的目的也提供制备根据本发明化合物的方法。
本发明的其他目的对于熟悉本技术者而言,直接由前述与下述的说明即可清楚。
发明目的
本发明的第一方面涉及通式I的吡喃葡萄糖基取代的苯衍生物
其中
R1选自A基的定义,而且
若R3选自B基的定义时,则R1也可以另外地选自下列的意义:氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-4-烷基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷氧基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷氧基、C3-7-环烷基-C1-4-烷基、C5-7-环烯基-C1-4-烷基、经1-3个氟原子取代的甲基、经1-5个氟原子取代的乙基、C1-4-烷氧基、经1-3-个氟原子取代的甲氧基、经1-5个氟原子取代的乙氧基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C1-4-烷 基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C2-4-烷氧基、C3-6-环烷基-C1-3-烷氧基或羟基,
其中,在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,1或2个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O或CO替代,而且
R2表示氢、氟、氯、溴、羟基、C1-4-烷基、C1-4-烷氧基、氰基或硝基,其中该烷基或烷氧基可以经氟单或多取代,而且
R3选自B基的定义,而且
若R1选自A基的定义时,则R3也可以另外选自下列的意义:氢、 氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-6-烷基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷氧基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷氧基、C3-7-环烷基、C5-7-环烯基、C3-7-环烷基-C1-4-烷基、C5-7-环烯基-C1-4-烷基、C3-6-环亚烷基甲基、羟基、C1-6-烷氧基、C3-6-环烷基-C1-3-烷氧基、芳基、芳基-C1-3-烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基-C1-3-烷基、芳氧基、芳基-C1-3-烷基-氧基、经1-3-个氟原子取代的甲基或甲氧基、经1-5个氟原子取代的C2-4-烷基或C2-4-烷氧基、经氰基取代的C1-4-烷基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C1-4-烷基、氰基、羧基、C1-3-烷氧羰基、氨羰基、(C1-3-烷氨基)羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨羰基、吡咯烷-1-基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、哌嗪-1-基-羰基、4-(C1-3-烷基)-哌嗪-1-基-羰基、(C1-4-烷基)羰氨基、C1-4-烷基-磺酰基氨基、C1-4-烷硫基、C1-4-烷基亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基氨基、芳基-C1-3-烷磺基氨基或芳磺酰基,
R4、R5彼此独立地表示氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、氰基、硝基、C1-3-烷基、C1-3-烷氧基、经1-3-个氟原子取代的甲基或甲氧基,
A表示C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、C3-7-环烷基、C5-7-环烯基、芳基、芳基、C1-4-烷羰基、芳羰基、杂芳羰基、氨羰基、C1-4-烷氨羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨羰基、吡咯烷-1-基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、哌嗪-1-基羰基、4-(C1-4-烷基)哌嗪-1-基羰基、芳氨羰基、杂芳氨羰基、C1-4-烷氧羰基、芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、杂芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、氨基、C1-4-烷氨基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-酮-1-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-酮-1-基、吗啉-4-基、吗啉-3-酮-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、4-(C1-3-烷基)-哌嗪-1-基、C1-4-烷羰氨基、芳羰氨基、杂芳羰氨基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、C3-7-环烷硫基、C3-7-环烷亚磺酰基、C3-7-环烷磺酰基、C5-7-环烯硫基、C5-7-环烯亚磺酰基、C5-7-环烯磺酰基、芳硫基、芳亚磺酰基、芳磺酰基、杂芳硫基、杂芳亚磺酰基、杂芳磺酰基、氰基或硝基,
其中,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟或氯单或多取代,而且
上述的炔基与烯基可以经相同或不同的L1基单或双取代,而且
上述的环烷基与环烯基环可以彼此独立地经选自氟与C1-3-烷基的 取代基单或双取代,而且
在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,一或两个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O、S、CO、SO、SO2或NRN替代,
B表示三-(C1-4-烷基)甲硅烷基-C1-6-烷基、C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、氨基、C1-3-烷氨基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-酮-1-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-酮-1-基、吗啉-4-基、吗啉-3-酮-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、4-(C1-3-烷基)-哌嗪-1-基、芳羰氨基、杂芳羰氨基、硝基、C3-10-环烷氧基、C5-10-环烯氧基、C3-10-环烷硫基、C3-10-环烷亚磺酰基、C3-10-环烷磺酰基、C5-10-环烯硫基、C5-10-环烯亚磺酰基、C5-10-环烯磺酰基、芳硫基、芳亚磺酰基、杂芳硫基或杂芳亚磺酰基,
其中,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟或氯单或多取代,而且
上述的炔基与烯基可以经相同或不同的L1基单或双取代,
其中,上述的环烷基与环烯基环可以彼此独立地经选自氟与C1-3-烷基的取代基单或双取代,而且
在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,一或两个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O、S、CO、SO、SO2或NRN替代,
RN表示H、C1-4-烷基、C1-4-烷羰基或C1-4-烷磺酰基,
L1彼此独立地选自羟基、氰基、硝基、C3-7-环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-4-烷羰基、芳羰基、杂芳羰基、氨羰基、C1-4-烷氨羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)-氨羰基、吡咯烷-1-基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、芳氨羰基、杂芳氨羰基、C1-4-烷氧羰基、芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、杂芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、C1-4-烷氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-4-烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基、芳亚磺酰基、杂芳亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基与杂芳磺酰基,而且
L2彼此独立地选自氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-3-烷基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、C1-3-烷氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基与氰基,而且
R6、R7a、
R7b、R7c彼此独立地具有选自下列的意义:氢、(C1-18-烷基)羰基、(C1-18-烷基)氧基羰基、芳羰基与芳基-(C1-3-烷基)-羰基,
其中,在上述基的定义中提到的芳基是指苯基或萘基,其可彼此独立地经相同或不同的L2基单或双取代,而且
在上述的基的定义中提到的杂芳基是指吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、异喹啉基或四唑基,
或是指吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基,其中一或两个次甲基可经氮原子替代,
或是指吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基或异喹啉基,其中一至三个次甲基可经氮原子替代,
其中,上述的杂芳基可以彼此独立地经相同或不同的L2基单或双取代,
其中,除非另有说明,否则上述的烷基可为直链或支链,
其互变异构体、立体异构体,其混合物及其盐。
根据本发明的通式I的化合物及其生理上可接受的盐类具有有价值的药理性质,特别是对于钠依赖型葡萄糖协同转运蛋白SGLT,特别是SGLT2具有抑制效果。另外,根据本发明化合物对于钠依赖型葡萄糖协同转运蛋白SGLT1具有抑制效果。与对于SGLT1的可能的抑制效果进行比较时,本发明化合物优选选择性地抑制SGLT2。
本发明也涉及根据本发明化合物与无机或有机酸的生理上可接受的盐。
本发明也涉及药物组合物,除了包含至少一种根据本发明的化合物或根据本发明的生理上可接受的盐,任选地还含有一种或多种惰性载体和/或稀释剂。
本发明也涉及使用至少一种根据本发明的化合物或一种其生理上可接受的盐类以制备药物组合物,该药物组合物适于治疗或预防因抑制钠依赖型葡萄糖协同转运蛋白SGLT,特别是SGLT2而受影响的疾病或病症。
本发明也涉及使用至少一种根据本发明的化合物或其一种生理上可接受的盐以制备适于治疗代谢病症的药物组合物。
本发明也涉及使用至少一种根据本发明的化合物或其一种生理上可接受的盐以制备用于抑制钠依赖型葡萄糖协同转运蛋白SGLT,特别是SGLT2的医药物组合物。
另外本发明有关制备根据本发明的医药物组合物的方法,其特征在于基于非化学方法将根据本发明的化合物或其一种生理可接受的盐加入一或多种惰性载体和/或稀释剂。
本发明也涉及制备根据本发明的通式I化合物的方法,其特征在于
a)为了制备如上文与下文所定义的通式I化合物,
将通式II化合物在有路易斯酸或布朗斯台德酸存在下与还原剂反应,其中任何存在的保护基同时或先后分裂掉;
式II中
R'表示H、C1-4-烷基、(C1-18-烷基)羰基、(C1-18-烷基)氧羰基、芳羰基与芳基-(C1-3-烷基)-羰基,其中该烷基或芳基可以经卤素单或多取代,
R8a、R8b、
R8c、R8d彼此独立地具有上文或下文给予R6、R7a、R7b、R7c基之一的意义,表示苄基或RaRbRcSi基或缩酮或缩醛基,特别是亚烷基或芳亚烷基缩酮基或缩醛基;然而,在每一种情形中,两个相邻的R8a、R8a、R8c、R8d基可以形成环状缩酮基或缩醛基,或1,2-二(C1-3-烷氧基)-1,2-二(C1-3-烷基)-乙烯桥,然而上述乙烯桥和两个氧原子以及吡喃糖环所属的两个碳原子,形成取代的二烷环,特别是2,3-二甲基-2,3-二(C1-3-烷氧基)-1,4-二烷环,并其中烷基、芳基和/或苄基可以被卤素或C1-3-烷氧基单或多取代,而且苄基也可以经二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基取代,而且
Ra、Rb、Rc彼此独立地表示C1-4烷基、芳基或芳基-C1-3-烷基,其中该芳基或烷基可以经卤素单或多取代,
然而,在上述基的定义中提到的芳基是指苯基或萘基,优选苯基,
而且,其中该R1至R5与R6、R7a、R7b、R7c的基如上文与下文所定义,或
b)为了制备其中R6、R7a、R7b与R7c表示氢的通式I化合物将通式III化合物进行水解
其中该R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d与R1至R5如上文与下文所定义,但是R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d基中的至少一个不是氢,而且
必要时,将由此取得的其中R6表示氢原子的通式I化合物,通过酰化转化成对应的通式I的酰基化合物,和/或
需要时,将任何上述反应所用的保护基裂去,和/或
必要时,将由此取得的通式I化合物分离成其立体异构体和/或
必要时,将由此取得的通式I化合物转化成其盐,特别是为了医药用途而转化成其生理上可接受的盐。
本发明另外有关通式II化合物的制备方法
其中
R'表示H、C1-4-烷基、(C1-18-烷基)羰基、(C1-18-烷基)氧羰基、芳羰基与芳基-(C1-3-烷基)-羰基,其中该烷基或芳基可以经卤素单或多取代,
R8a、R8b、
R8c、R8d彼此独立地具有给予R6、R7a、R7b、R7c基的一种意义,表示苄基或RaRbRcSi基或缩酮基或缩醛基;然而,在每一种情形中,两个相邻的R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d基可以形成环状缩酮或缩醛基,或是可以与吡喃糖环的两个氧原子形成取代的2,3-氧基二烷环,特别是2,3-二甲基-2,3-二(C1-3-烷氧基)-1,4-二烷环,而其中烷基、芳基和/或苄基可以被卤素或C1-3-烷氧基单或多取代;而且苄基也可以被二 -(C1-3-烷基)氨基所取代,而且
Ra、Rb、Rc彼此独立地表示C1-4烷基、芳基或芳基-C1-3-烷基,其中该烷基或芳基可以被卤素单或多取代,
然而,在上述基的定义中提到的芳基是指苯基或萘基,优选苯基,
而且R1至R5、R6、R7a、R7b、R7c如上文与下文所定义,
其中,可通过卤素-金属交换或通过将金属插入通式IV的卤素-苄基苯化合物的碳-卤素键而取得有机金属化合物(V)
其中Hal表示Cl、Br与I,而R1至R5如上文与下文所定义,以及必要时的后续的金属转移作用,加在通式VI的葡萄糖酸内酯上
其中R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d如上文与下文所定义,而且
然后,令所生成的加合物在有例如例如甲烷磺酸、硫酸、盐酸、乙酸的酸或氯化铵存在的条件下,与水或R'-OH醇进行反应(优选就地反应),其中R'表示任选取代的C1-4-烷基,并视情况使与水进行反应所取得的其中R'表示H的产物,在后续反应中与一个例如对应的酰基氯或酸酐的酰化剂转化成其中R'表示(C1-18-烷基)羰基、(C1-18-烷基)氧羰基、芳羰基或芳基-(C1-3-烷基)-羰基的式II的产物,其可以如上述进行取代。
所述中间产物,特别是式IV、式II与式III,也为本发明的主题。
发明详述
除非另有说明,否则该基、残基与取代基,特别是R1至R5、A、B、L1、L2、RN、R6、R7a、R7b、R7c、R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d如上文与下文所定义。
若残基、取代基或基在一个化合物中有数次时,它们可能具有相同或不同意义。
根据本发明,优选通式I的吡喃葡萄糖基取代的苯衍生物
其中
R1选自A基的定义,而且
若R3选自B基的定义时,则R1也可以另外地选自下列的意义:氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-4-烷基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷基、C3-7-环烷基-C1-4-烷基、C5-7-环烯基-C1-4-烷基、经1-3个氟原子取代的甲基、经1-5个氟原子取代的乙基、C1-4-烷氧基、经1-3-个氟原子取代的甲氧基、经1-5个氟原子取代的乙氧基、经羟基或-C1-3-烷氧基取代的C1-4-烷基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C2-4-烷氧基、C3-6-环烷基-C1-3-烷氧基或羟基,
然而,在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,1或2个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O或CO替代,而且
R2表示氢、氟、氯、溴、羟基、C1-4-烷基、C1-4-烷氧基、氰基或硝基,其中该烷基或烷氧基可以经氟单或多取代,而且
R3选自B基的定义,而且
若R1选自A基的定义时,则R3也可以另外地选自下列的意义:氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-6-烷基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷基、C3-7-环烷基、C5-7-环烯基、C3-7-环烷基-C1-4-烷基、C5-7-环烯基-C1-4-烷基、C3-6-环亚烷基甲基、羟基、C1-6-烷氧基、C3-6-环烷基-C1-3-烷氧基、芳基、芳基-C1-3-烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基-C1-3-烷基、芳氧基、芳基-C1-3-烷基-氧基、经1-3-个氟原子取代的甲基或甲氧基、经1-5个氟原子取代的C2-4-烷基或C2-4-烷氧基、经氰基取代的C1-4-烷基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C1-4-烷基、氰基、羧基、C1-3-烷氧羰基、氨羰基、(C1-3-烷氨基)羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨羰基、吡咯烷-1-基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、哌嗪-1-基-羰基、4-(C1-3-烷基)-哌嗪-1-基-羰基、(C1-4-烷基)羰氨基、C1-4-烷基-磺酰基氨基、C1-4-烷硫基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基氨基、芳基-C1-3- 烷基磺基氨基或芳磺酰基,
R4、R5彼此独立地表示氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、氰基、硝基、C1-3-烷基、C1-3-烷氧基、经1到3个氟原子取代的甲基或甲氧基,
A表示C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、C3-7-环烷基、C5-7-环烯基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-4-烷羰基、芳羰基、杂芳羰基、氨羰基、C1-4-烷氨羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨羰基、吡咯烷-1-基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、哌嗪-1-基羰基、4-(C1-4-烷基)哌嗪-1-基羰基、芳氨羰基、杂芳氨羰基、C1-4-烷氧羰基、芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、杂芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、氨基、C1-4-烷氨基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-酮-1-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-酮-1-基、吗啉-4-基、吗啉-3-酮-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、4-(C1-3-烷基)-哌嗪-1-基、C1-4-烷羰氨基、芳羰氨基、杂芳羰氨基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、C3-7-环烷硫基、C3-7-环烷亚磺酰基、C3-7-环烷磺酰基、C5-7-环烯硫基、C5-7-环烯亚磺酰基、C5-7-环烯磺酰基、芳硫基、芳亚磺酰基、芳磺酰基、杂芳硫基、杂芳亚磺酰基、杂芳磺酰基、氰基或硝基,
其中,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟或氯单或多取代,而且
其中上述的炔基与烯基可以经相同或不同的L1基单或双取代,而且
上述的环烷基与环烯基环可以彼此独立地经选自氟与C1-3-烷基的取代基单或双取代,而且
在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,一或两个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O、S、CO、SO、SO2或NRN替代,
B表示三-(C1-4-烷基)甲硅烷基-C1-6-烷基、C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、氨基、C1-3-烷氨基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-酮-1-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-酮-1-基、吗啉-4-基、吗啉-3-酮-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、4-(C1-3-烷基)-哌嗪-1-基、芳羰氨基、杂芳羰氨基、硝基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、C3-7-环烷硫基、C3-7-环烷亚磺酰基、C3-7-环烷磺酰基、C5-7-环烯硫基、C5-7-环烯亚磺酰基、C5-7-环烯磺酰基、芳硫基、芳亚磺酰基、杂芳硫基或杂芳亚磺酰基,
其中,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟或氯单或多取代,而且
上述的炔基与烯基可以经相同或不同的L1基单或双取代,
上述的环烷基与环烯基可以彼此独立地经选自氟与C1-3-烷基的取代基单或双取代,而且
在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,一或两个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O、S、CO、SO、SO2或NRN替代,
RN表示H或C1-4-烷基,
L1彼此独立地选自氰基、硝基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-4-烷羰基、芳羰基、杂芳羰基、氨羰基、C1-4-烷氨羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)-氨羰基、吡咯烷-1基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、芳氨羰基、杂芳氨羰基、C1-4-烷氧羰基、芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、杂芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、C1-4-烷氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-4-烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基、芳亚磺酰基、杂芳亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基与杂芳磺酰基,而且
L2彼此独立地选自氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-3-烷基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、C1-3-烷氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基与氰基,而且
R6、R7a、
R7b、R7c彼此独立地选自具有下列的意义:氢、(C1-18-烷基)羰基、(C1-18-烷基)氧基羰基、芳羰基与芳基-(C1-3-烷基)-羰基,
在上述基的定义中所提到的芳基是指苯基或萘基,其可彼此独立地经相同或不同L2基单或双取代,而且
在上述的基的定义中提到的杂芳基是指吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基或异喹啉基,
或是指吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基,其中一或两个次甲基是经氮原子替代,
或是指吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基或异喹啉基,其中一至三个次甲基是经氮原子替代,
然而,上述的杂芳基可彼此独立地经相同或不同的L2基单或双取代,
其中,除非另有说明,否则上述的烷基可为直链或支链者,
其互变异构体、立体异构体,其混合物及其盐。
下文将给出根据本发明化合物的某些优选的个别基与取代基的意义。
R3基优选-CH2桥的间或对的位置,因此根据下式I.1与I.2的化合物, 特别优选式I.2:
在L1、R1、R3、A与B基中出现的芳基的术语优选表示苯基。
A基优选表示C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、C3-7-环烷基、C5-7环烯基、C1-4-烷羰基、氨羰基、C1-4-烷氨羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨羰基、吡咯烷-1-基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、哌嗪-1-基羰基、4-(C1-4-烷基)哌嗪-1-基羰基、C1-4-烷氧羰基、氨基、C1-4-烷氨基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-酮-1-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-酮-1-基、吗啉-4-基、吗啉-3-酮-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、4-(C1-3-烷基)哌嗪-1-基、C1-4-烷羰氨基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、C3-7-环烷硫基、C3-7-环烷亚磺酰基、C3-7-环烷磺酰基、C5-7-环烯硫基、C5-7-环烯亚磺酰基、C5-7-环烯磺酰基、氰基与硝基,
其中,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟或氯单或多取代,又优选氟,而且
上述的炔基与烯基可以经相同或不同的L1基单或双取代,而且
上述的环烷基与环烯基环可以彼此独立地经选自氟与C1-3-烷基的取代基单取代或双取代,而且
在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,一或两个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O、S、CO、SO、SO2或NRN替代,优选O或CO,特别优选经O替代。
特别优选地,A基表示C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、C3-7-环烷基、C5-7环烯基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、C3-7-环烷硫基、C3-7-环烷亚磺酰基、C3-7-环烷磺酰基、C5-7-环烯硫基、C5-7-环烯亚磺酰基、C5-7-环烯磺酰基、氰基与硝基,
然而,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟或氯单或多取代,优选氟,而且
上述的炔基与烯基可以经相同或不同的L1基单或双取代,而且
上述的环烷基与环烯基环可以彼此独立地经选自氟与C1-3-烷基的取代基单或双取代,而且
在上述的C5-6-环烷基环中,亚甲基可以经O替代。
优选地,A基表示C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、C3-7-环烷基、C3-7环烷氧基、氰基,然而,在C5-7-环烷基中一个亚甲基单位可被O替代。
优选地A基的定义的实例为乙炔基、丙-1-炔-1-基、丁-1-炔-1-基、氰基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基。
B基优选表示三-(C1-4-烷基)甲硅烷基-C1-6-烷基、C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、氨基、C1-3-烷氨基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-酮-1-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-酮-1-基、吗啉-4-基、吗啉-3-酮-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、4-(C1-3-烷基)-哌嗪-1-基、硝基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、C3-7-环烷硫基、C3-7-环烷亚磺酰基、C3-7-环烷磺酰基、C5-7-环烯硫基、C5-7-环烯亚磺酰基、C5-7-环烯磺酰基,
然而,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟或氯单或多取代,优选氟,而且
上述的炔基与烯基可以经相同或不同的L1基单或双取代,
上述的环烷基与环烯基环可以彼此独立地经选自氟与C1-3-烷基的取代基单或双取代,而且
在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,一或两个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O、S、CO、SO、SO2或NRN替代,优选O、CO、S、SO2或NRN,又特别优选经O或CO替代。
优选地,B基表示三-(C1-4-烷基)甲硅烷基-C1-6-烷基、C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、硝基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、C3-7-环烷硫基、C3-7-环烷亚磺酰基、C3-7-环烷磺酰基、C5-7-环烯硫基、C5-7-环烯亚磺酰基、C5-7-环烯磺酰基,
然而,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟或氯单或多取代,优选氟,而且
上述的炔基与烯基可以经相同或不同的L1基单或双取代,
上述的环烷基与环烯基环可以彼此独立地经选自氟与C1-3-烷基的取代基单或双取代,而且
在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,一或两个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O、S、CO、SO、SO2或NRN替代,优选O、CO、S、SO2或NRN,又特别优选经O或CO替代。
优选地,B基表示三-(C1-4-烷基)甲硅烷基-C1-6-烷基、C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、C3-7-环烷硫基、C3-7-环烯硫基,然而,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟单或多取代或经氯或L1基单取代;而且在环烷基与环烯基中,一或两个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O、S、CO、SO2或NRN替代,优选O或CO。
优选地B基定义的实例为三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、乙炔基、1-丙炔-1-基、1-丁炔-1-基、叔丁基乙炔基、2-羟基丙-2-基乙炔基、2-甲氧基丙-2-基乙炔基、3-羟基-1-丙炔-1-基、3-甲氧基-1-丙炔-1-基、乙烯基、1-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、叔丁基乙烯基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基、四氢呋喃氧基、四氢噻吩氧基、1,1-二氧代四氢噻吩氧基、四氢吡喃氧基、四氢硫吡喃氧基、1,1-二氧代四氢硫吡喃氧基、四氢呋喃酮基氧基、哌啶基氧基、哌啶酮基氧基、吡咯烷-3-基氧基、吡咯烷酮-3-基氧基、四氢呋喃基-硫基、环丙基硫基、环丁基硫基、环戊基硫基与环己基硫基,其中在哌啶基、哌啶酮基、吡咯烷基或吡咯烷酮基环中的-NH基可以经RN,特别是C1-3-烷基或乙酰基取代。
优选的意义为三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、乙炔基、2-羟基丙-2-基乙炔基、2-甲氧基丙-2-基乙炔基、3-羟基-1-丙炔-1-基、3-甲氧基-1-丙炔-1-基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基、四氢呋喃-3-基氧基、四氢吡喃-4-基氧基、哌啶-4-基氧基、N-甲基哌啶-4-基氧基与N-乙酰基哌啶-4-基氧基。值得特别一提的实例为乙炔基、三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基、四氢呋喃-3-基氧基与四氢吡喃-4-基氧基。
若在残基或A、B、R1或R3基中,存在其中两个亚甲基是经O、S、NRN替代或经S、NRN、CO、SO或SO2替代的环烷基或环烯基环时,则这些亚甲基优选不直接彼此连接。然而,若两个亚甲基是经O与CO或经NRN与CO替代时,则这些可以直接彼此连接,以便形成一个-O-CO-或-NRN-CO基。
L1基的优选意义选自羟基、氰基、C3-6-环烷基、C1-4-烷羰基、氨羰基、 C1-4-烷氨羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨羰基、吡咯烷-1-基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、C1-4-烷氧羰基、C1-4-烷氧基、C1-4-烷硫基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基与C1-4-烷磺酰基。
L1基的优选的意义选自羟基、C1-4-烷氧基与C1-4-烷硫基。
若L1表示羟基时,则该羟基不直接连接到双键或三键的C原子。
根据本发明的第一个实施方案的化合物可以通过通式I进行说明,特别是式I.1与I.2,特别优选式I.2,其中
R3选自上文所给予的B基的定义之一,而且
其他基与取代基如上文与下文定义,
包括其互变异构体、立体异构体,其混合物及其盐。
根据这实施方案,R1基的优选意义为氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-4-烷基、C2-6-炔基、C1-4-烷氧基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷氧基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷氧基、经1-3个氟原子取代的甲基、经1-5个氟原子取代的乙基、经1-3个氟原子取代的甲氧基、经1-5-个氟原子取代的乙氧基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C1-4-烷基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C2-4-烷氧基、C2-6-烯基、C3-6-环烷基、C3-6-环烷基-C1-3-烷基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C3-6-环烷基-C1-3-烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、羟基、氨基、硝基或氰基、同时在C5-6-环烷基中亚甲基可以经O替代。
优选的意义为氢、氟、氯、溴、氰基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、乙炔基、丙-1-炔-1-基、丁-1-炔-1-基、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基、二氟甲氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基,特别是甲基与氯。
根据本发明的第二个实施方案的化合物可以通过通式I进行说明,特别是式I.1与I.2,特别优选式I.2,其中
R1选自上文所给予的A基的定义,而且
其他基与取代基如上文与下文所定义,
包括其互变异构体、立体异构体,其混合物及其盐。
根据这第二个实施方案,R3基的优选意义为氢、氟、氯、溴、羟基、氰基、C1-6-烷基、三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、C2-6-烯基、C2-6-炔基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、C3-7-环烷基、C5-7-环烯基、C1-6-烷氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基、C3-7-环烷氧基、四氢呋喃氧基、四氢呋喃酮氧基、C1-6-烷硫基、环亚丙基甲基、芳基或杂芳基。
根据这第二个实施方案,R3基的特别优选的意义为氢、氟、氯、甲基、 乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、乙炔基、1-丙炔基、三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基、环戊氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基、四氢呋喃-3-基氧基、四氢呋喃-2-酮-3-基氧基、甲基硫基、乙基硫基、异丙基硫基、环亚丙基甲基、苯基、氟苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、咪唑基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基、唑基、二唑基、噻唑基或噻二唑基。
根据这第二个实施方案,R3基的最优选的意义为氢、氟、氯、甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、乙炔基、1-丙炔基、三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基、环戊氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、五氟乙氧基、四氢呋喃-3-基氧基、四氢呋喃-2-酮-3-基氧基、甲基硫基、乙基硫基、异丙基硫基、环亚丙基甲基。这类优选的意义的实例为甲基、乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、乙炔基、环戊氧基、四氢呋喃-3-基氧基、四氢呋喃-2-酮-3-基氧基,特别是三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、乙氧基、环戊氧基与四氢呋喃-3-基氧基。
下面给出其他基与取代基的意义,其根据通式I、式I.1与I.2,也根据上文所述的优选实施方案:
R2基的优选意义为氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟甲氧基、氰基、硝基与经1-3个氟原子取代的甲基。
R2基的优选意义为氢、氟、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基与甲基,特别是氢与甲基。
R4基的优选意义为氢与氟,特别是氢。
R5基的优选意义为氢与氟,特别是氢。
RN基优选表示H、甲基、乙基或乙酰基。
R6基根据本发明优选为氢、(C1-8-烷基)氧羰基、C1-8-烷羰基或苄酰基,特别是氢或(C1-6-烷基)氧羰基、C1-6-烷羰基,特别的为氢、甲基羰基、甲氧羰基或乙氧羰基,最优选氢或甲氧羰基。
取代基R7a、R7b、R7c优选彼此独立地代表氢、(C1-8-烷基)氧羰基、(C1-18-烷基)羰基、苄酰基,特别是氢或(C1-6-烷基)氧羰基、(C1-8-烷基)羰基,优选为氢、甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、甲基羰基或乙基羰基。最优选地,R7a、R7b、R7c代表氢。
其中R6、R7a、R7b、R7c根据本发明具有例如C1-8-烷羰基的氢以外的意 义的式I化合物,是较适于作为合成其中R7a、R7b、R7c表示氢的式I化合物的中间产物。
优选的通式I化合物选自式I.2a至I.2d,特别是I.2c:
其中,R1至R6与R7a、R7b、R7c基具有前述的意义之一,特别是作为具有优选给予含义之一的,并且特别是
R1表示氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-4-烷基、C2-6-炔基、C1-4-烷氧基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷氧基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷氧基、经1-3个氟原子取代的甲基、经1-5个氟原子取代的乙基、经1-3个氟原子取代的甲氧基、 经1-5-个氟原子取代的乙氧基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C1-4-烷基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C2-4-烷氧基、C2-6-烯基、C3-6-环烷基、C3-6-环烷基-C1-3-烷基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C3-6-环烷基-C1-3-烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、羟基、氨基、硝基或氰基、同时,在C5-6-环烷基中,亚甲基可以经O替代;特别优选地表示氢、氟、氯、溴、氰基、甲基、乙基、异丙基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、乙炔基、丙-1-炔-1-基、丁-1-炔-1-基、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基、二氟甲氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基或环己氧基,而且
R2表示氢、氟、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基或甲基,特别是氢或甲基,而且
R3选自B基,包括三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、乙炔基、1-丙炔-1-基、1-丁炔-1-基、叔丁基乙炔基、2-羟基丙-2-基乙炔基、2-甲氧基丙-2-基乙炔基、3-羟基-1-丙炔-1-基、3-甲氧基-1-丙炔-1-基、乙烯基、1-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、叔丁基乙烯基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基、四氢呋喃氧基、四氢噻吩氧基、1,1-二氧代四氢噻吩氧基、四氢吡喃氧基、四氢硫吡喃氧基、1,1-二氧代四氢硫吡喃氧基、四氢呋喃酮基氧基、哌啶基氧基、哌啶酮基氧基、吡咯烷-3-基氧基、吡咯烷酮-3-基氧基、四氢呋喃基硫基、环丙基硫基、环丁基硫基、环戊基硫基与环己基硫基;其中,在哌啶基、哌啶酮基、吡咯烷基或吡咯烷酮基环中的-NH基可以经RN,特别是C1-3-烷基或乙酰基所取代;特别优选地选自三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、乙炔基、2-羟基丙-2-基乙炔基、2-甲氧基丙-2-基乙炔基、3-羟基-1-丙炔-1-基、3-甲氧基-1-丙炔-1-基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基、四氢呋喃-3-基氧基、四氢吡喃-4-基氧基、哌啶-4-基氧基、N-甲基哌啶-4-基氧基与N-乙酰基哌啶-4-基氧基,而且
R4表示氢或氟,特别是氢,而且
R5表示氢或氟,特别是氢,而且
R6表示氢、(C1-6-烷基)氧羰基、(C1-6-烷基)羰基或苄酰基,特别是氢、甲基羰基、甲氧羰基或乙氧羰基,特别优选氢,而且
R7a、R7b、R7c彼此独立地代表氢、(C1-6-烷基)氧羰基、(C1-8-烷基)羰基或苄酰基,特别是氢、甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、甲基羰基或乙基羰基,特别 优选氢,
包括其互变异构体、立体异构体,其混合物及其盐。
根据上文给予的实施方案的变体,其他也优选的化合物是其中带有取代基R3的苯基具有至少一个其他的与氢不同的取代基R4和/或R5。根据这变体,优选地化合物是具有代表氟的取代基R4的。
带有取代基R3的苯基优选至多为单氟化的。
在后续的实验部分将给出通式I的化合物,以及其中R6具有根据本发明的意义而不是氢,特别是其中R6表示乙氧羰基或甲氧羰基的通式I化合物的衍生物,包括其互变异构体、立体异构体与其混合物是根据本发明的优选的。
优选地通式I化合物选自:
(1)1-氯-2-(4-环戊氧苄基)-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-苯
(2)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-((R)-四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
(3)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-((S)-四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
(4)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(四氢呋喃-2-酮-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
(5)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-环丁氧基-苄基)-苯
(6)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-环己氧基-苄基)-苯
(7)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
(8)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(1-乙酰基-哌啶-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
(10)1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-4-甲基-3-[4-(四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
(11)1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-4-甲基-3-[4-(2-三甲基甲硅烷基-乙基)-苄基]-苯
(12)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯
(13)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(哌啶-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
(14)1-氟-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯
(15)1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯
(16)1-乙炔基-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙氧基-苄基)-苯
(17)1-甲氧基-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯
及其衍生物,其中R6具有根据本发明的意义不是氢,特别是其中R6表示乙氧羰基或甲氧羰基,
包括其互变异构体、立体异构体与其混合物。
在根据本发明的方法中,R1、R2、R3、R4与R5基优选具有上文以优选指出的意义。而且,R'优选表示H、C1-3-烷基或苄基,特别是H、乙基或甲基。R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d优选彼此独立地表示H、C1-4烷羰基或苄基,特别是H、甲基羰基、乙基羰基或苄基。
在本发明合成中作为中间产物或原料是通式IV,特别是通式IV'的化合物
其中Hal表示氯、溴或碘,而R1、R2、R4与R5如上文所定义而且R3选自B基,这也是本发明的主题。优选地为,R1、R2、R3、R4与R5基具有式I.2a至I.2d所给予的意义。最优选通式IV'化合物,其中Hal表示氯、溴或碘,而R1、R2、R4与R5基具式I.2a至I.2d所给予的意义,而且R3基表示乙炔基或C3-6-1-炔-1-基,其中,乙炔基可以经-SiR3基取代,然而R基是彼此独立地表示C1-4-烷基、C1-4-烷氧基或芳基,而该C3-6-1-炔-1-基可以经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基所取代,特别是羟基或甲氧基。
本发明也涉及作为合成根据本发明化合物的中间产物或起始材料的通式II,特别是通式II'的化合物
其中R'、R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d、R1、R2、R3、R4与R5如上文与下文所定义,特别是其中R'表示H、C1-3-烷基或苄基,特别是H、乙基或甲基;而R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d是彼此独立地表示H、C1-4-烷羰基或苄基;特别是H、甲基羰基、乙基羰基或苄基而R1、R2、R4与R5基如上文所定义,而且R3基选自B基。优选地,R1、R2、R3、R4与R5基具有式I.2a至I.2d所给予的意义。
下面将对于在上述与下文中用以说明根据本发明化合物的某些术语进行更确切的定义。
卤素的术语表示选自包括F、Cl、Br与I的原子,特别是F、Cl与Br。
C1-n-烷基的术语,其中n具有1至18的值,表示饱和的、支链或直链的具有1至n个C原子的烃基。此类基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基、正己基、异己基等。
C2-n-炔基的术语,其中n具有3至6的值,表示支链或直链的具有2至n个C原子和一个C≡C三键的烃基。这类基的实例包括乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、1-戊炔基、2-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、4-戊炔基、1-己炔基、2-己炔基、3-己炔基、4-己炔基、5-己炔基等。除非另有说明,否则炔基是经位置1的C原子连接于分子的剩余部分。因而,例如1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、1-丁炔基等的术语是等同于1-丙炔-1-基、2-丙炔-1-基、1-丁炔-1-基等。这也类似地应用于C2-n-烯基。
C1-n-烷氧基的术语表示C1-n-烷基-O-基,其中C1-n-烷基如上文所定义。这类基的实例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、异戊氧基、新戊氧基、叔戊氧基、正己氧基、异己氧基等。
C1-n-烷羰基的术语表示C1-n-烷基-C(=O)基,其中C1-n-烷基如上文所定义。这类基的实例包括甲羰基、乙羰基、正丙羰基、异丙羰基、正丁羰基、异丁羰基、仲丁羰基、叔丁羰基、正戊羰基、异戊羰基、新戊羰基、叔戊羰基、正己羰基、异己羰基等。
C3-n-环烷基的术语表示具有3至n个C原子的饱和的单-、双-、三-或螺羰环状基。这类基的实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环十二烷基、双环[3.2.1]辛基、螺[4.5]癸基、降蒎基(norpinyl)、降冰片基(Norbony)、降胩基(Norcaryl)、金刚烷基等。优选的,C3-7-环烷基的术语表示饱和的单环基。
C5-n-环烯基的术语表示如上文定义的C5-n-环烷基,并另外具至少一个不饱和的C=C双键。
C3-n-环烷羰基的术语表示其中C3-n-环烷基是如上文所定义的C3-n-环烷基-C(=O)基。
三-(C1-4-烷基)甲硅烷基的术语包括具有等同或两个或三个不同烷基的甲硅烷基。
二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基的术语包括具有等同或两个不同烷基的氨基。
上文与下文所用的形式,其中在苯基中取代基的键表明是朝向苯环中心时,除非另有其他说明,否则这取代基可结合于任何带H原子的苯环的游离位置。
根据本发明的化合物可以利用原理上已知的合成方法取得。优选的,该化合物是按下列的根据本发明更详细说明的方法所取得。
根据本发明的式II的葡萄糖衍生物可由D-葡萄糖酸内酯或其衍生物,通过添加所要求的有机金属化合物型式的苄基苯化合物而合成(方案1)。
方案1:将有机金属化合物加成至葡萄糖酸内酯
根据方案1的反应,优选由通式IV的卤素-苄基苯化合物开始,其中Hal表示氯、溴或碘。由卤芳香基化合物IV开始,将对应的有机金属化合物(V)通过所谓的卤素-金属交换,或通过将金属插入碳-卤素键而制得。与溴或碘-取代的芳香基进行该卤素-金属交换时,都可以用例例如正-、仲-或叔-丁基锂的有机锂化合物进行反应,并由此产生对应的锂化芳香基。类似的镁化合物也可通过与例如异丙基镁溴化物或二异丙基镁的适当格列雅化合物,进行卤素-金属交换而产生。该反应优选在其例如乙醚、四氢呋喃、甲苯、己烷或二氯甲烷的惰性溶剂或其混合物中,在0~-100℃进行,特别优选在-10~-80℃进行。因此,所得的镁或锂化合物可以任选地通过与如三氯化铈的金属盐而进行金属转移作用以形成适于加成的有机金属化合物(V)。或者,该有机金属化合物(V)也可通过将金属插入卤芳香化合物IV的碳-卤素键而制成。这里适宜的例如锂或镁的金属。有机金属化合物V的加成至式VI的葡萄糖酸内酯或其衍生物,优选在惰性溶剂或其混合物中,在0~-100℃之 间,特别优选在-30~-80℃之间进行反应,由此取得式II化合物。为避免低温,该锂化反应和/或偶合反应也可能在微反应器和/或微混合器中进行,例如类似于WO 2004/076470所述的方法。
适当的溶剂为例如乙醚、甲苯、二氯甲烷、己烷、四氢呋喃或其混合物。该反应可以不需要任何另外的佐剂,或是可在含有例如BF3*OEt2或Me3SiCl的Lewis酸下在反应惰性的偶合伴侣的情形下进行(参照M.Schlosser,Organometallics in Synthesis,John Wiley&Sons,Chichester/New York/Brisbane/Toronto/Singapore,1994)。R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d基的较优选的定义为苄基、经取代的苄基、三烷基甲硅烷基,特别优选三甲基甲硅烷基、三异丙基甲硅烷基、4-甲氧苄基与苄基。若由R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d的基构成的两个相邻基相互连接时,则这两个基优选为亚苄基缩醛、4-甲氧基亚苄基缩醛、异丙基缩酮的部分,或构成2,3-二甲氧基-丁烯基,它是通过丁烷的2与3位置与邻接的吡喃糖环的氧原子连接。该R'基优选是氢或C1-4-烷基,特别优选氢、甲基或乙基。该R'基是在有机金属化合物V或其衍生物加成至葡萄糖酸内酯VI后进行插入。为此,令反应溶液在有例如甲烷磺酸、甲苯磺酸、硫酸或氢氯酸的酸存在的条件下,与用例如甲醇或乙醇的醇类或水进行处理。
式IV的卤代芳基化合物的合成,可利用有机化学的标准转换反应,或至少由有机合成已知的专业文献的方法来进行(参照J.March,AdvancedOrganic Reactions,Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,4th Edition,John Wiley&Sons,Chichester/New York/Brisbane/Toronto/Singapore,1992,及其中所引用的文献)。下文所述的合成策略是代表性示例。
方案2:合成策略1
合成策略1(方案2)显示由苄酰氯与第二个芳香基开始进行式II的卤代芳基化合物的制备,其通过Friedel-CRafts酰化反应而转化成二苯基酮衍生物。此经典的反应,具有很宽的基质广度,并在使用例如AlCl3、FeCl3、碘、铁、ZnCl2、硫酸或三氟甲烷磺酸的催化量或化学量的催化剂条件下进行。除了羧酸氯化物以外,也可使用羧酸、酸酐或其酯类或对应的苯甲腈。该反应是在-30~120℃,优选在30~100℃温度下,优选在例如二氯甲烷与1,2-二氯乙烷的氯化烃中进行。也可以在无溶剂下进行反应,或在微波炉中进行反应。在第二个反应步骤中,将二苯基酮还原成二苯基甲烷。该反应可能通过对应的二苯基甲醇的两步骤进行,或仅以一个步骤进行。在两步骤的变体中,利用例如NaBH4、LiAlH4或iBu2AlH的金属氢化物还原剂进行还原酮而形成醇。使生成的醇,在有例如BF3*OEt2、三氟乙酸、InCl3或AlCl3的路易斯酸存在的条件下,用例如Et3SiH、NaBH4或Ph2SiClH的还原剂转化,而形成所需的二苯基甲烷。由酮开始而取得二苯基甲烷的一步法的方法可以使用例如Et3SiH的硅烷、例如NaBH4的硼氢化物或例如LiAlH4的铝氢化物,在有例如BF3*OEt2、叁(五氟苯基)-硼烷、三氟乙酸、氯化铝或InCl3的路易斯酸存在的条件下进行。反应优选在例如二氯甲烷的卤化烃、甲苯或乙腈的溶剂中,在-30~150℃,优选在20至100℃中进行。用氢气在有例如Pd/C的过度金属催化剂的存在下进行还原反应,这同样是一种可能的合成方法。根据Wolff-Kishner的还原反应,或其变体也是可能的。首先将酮与肼或其衍生物,例如1,2-双(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)肼转化成亚肼,该亚肼在强碱 反应条件与加热下会分解成二苯基甲烷与氮气。该反应可以一反应步骤进行,或在亚肼或其衍生物分离后采用两个分开的反应步骤进行。使用适当的碱包括KOH、NaOH、KOtBu,在例如乙二醇、甲苯、DMSO、2-(2-丁氧乙氧基)乙醇或叔丁醇的溶剂中进行;没有溶剂的反应也是可能的。该反应可在20~250℃,优选在80~200℃的温度下进行。有关Wolff-Kishner的碱性还原条件的替代方法为在酸性条件下进行的Clemmensen还原反应,后者也可能在本文中使用。
方案3:合成策略2
第二个合成策略(方案3),显示另一种用于构建式II'的卤素-芳香基的可能性,其是三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔取代的二苯基甲烷的实例。由带有两个选自碘、溴、氯或例如磺酸三氟甲酯的磺酸酯的芳香基开始,经过渡金属催化的单偶合连接到二卤基芳族化合物的反应性端,即碘-碳键加上炔基(步骤1)。使用的催化剂为例如元素钯或镍或其盐或复合物。该反应可以与炔本身或其金属异乙炔(acetylidene)进行。若使用该炔本身时,偶合可以在有例如NEt3 的碱,和一种例如CuI的铜盐的共催化剂存在下进行(Sonogashira偶合)。该反应不限于三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔,而是可使用许多终端的炔类。该反应以其所有变体详细说明在文献中(参照P.J.Stang,F.Diederich,Metal-CatalysedCross-Coupling Reactions,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,1997与Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2003,42,1566-1568及其中所引用的文献)。另外的用于制备二苯基甲烷衍生物的两个步骤包括,将炔取代的芳基转功能化而取得金属化(Mg、Li)的芳香基,这例如可通过上文所述的卤素-金属交换(步骤2)而说明。将此可直接使用或在进一步转金属化后使用的金属化的芳族化合物,添加入苄醛衍生物中。使形成方案中所示的二苯基甲醇。另一种方法,也可使用例如苄酸酯、酸酐、氯化物的苄酸衍生物或其酸本身或苄腈。形成的不是醇而是对应的酮,其也可通过上述的Friedel-Crafts酰化反应而取得。醇与酮的进一步反应而形成二苯基甲烷衍生物已经在上文说明(步骤3)。然而,该三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔化的卤代芳族化合物也可在转金属化后直接转化成所需产物(步骤4)。为此,该在卤素金属交换后取得的锂或镁芳香族会与例如苄基溴或氯的苄基亲电基进行反应。该反应可以在没有,或者优选在有例如铜盐或钯复合物的过渡金属催化剂存在的条件下进行(参照例如Org.Lett.2001,3,2871-2874,及其中引用的文献)。然而,该芳族锂或镁也可能例如先经转金属化为对应的硼酸、硼酸酯、锡烷、硅烷或锌化合物。然后,其通过例如钯、镍、铑、铜或铁的过渡金属而连接到苄基(参照L.Brandsma,S.F.Vasilevsky,H.D.Verkruijsse,Application of Transition Metals Catalysts in OrganicSynthesis,Springer-Verlag,Berlin/Heidelberg,1998)。根据步骤2与3或步骤4使炔取代的芳族转化为式II'的中间产物,本文以R3表示乙炔基或三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔基的实例进行说明,也可使用类似方法进行其他R3-取代的芳族。
方案4:合成策略3
合成策略3(方案4)显示合成策略2的另外型式,其也是根据用三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔芳族II'的实例加以说明,但不应只限于此。该合成是由带有例如氯、溴或碘的卤原子,或例如三氟甲烷磺酸酯的拟卤素基的卤基;以及例如B(OH)2、Si(OAlK)3或SnBu3的金属中心M的芳香基起始。这两个所谓“活化”的中心,可以进行化学选择地彼此交换。合成策略3以一个实例进行说明,其中首先该卤素原子Hal在过渡金属催化的反应中与炔取代基进行交换,这所谓Sonogashira偶合。在第二步骤中,该金属中心M在另一个过渡金属催化的偶合反应中与例如作为苄基卤化物进行活化的苄基交换,而取得所需产物(参照例如Tetrahedron Lett.2003,44,9255-9258及其中引用的文献)。这两个步骤都在使用过渡金属,例如钯、铑、镍、铜或铁或其复合物下进行。这两种反应型式,在文献中都有详述。该方法不限于本文所描述的,但也可能将两个反应步骤的次序颠倒。在此情形,首先将该金属中心M连接至苄基,然后使卤素或拟卤素基Hal和炔交换。
为了制备通式I化合物,在根据本发明的方法a)中,通式II化合物
其中R'、R1至R5如上文所定义而且
R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d如上文所定义,并彼此独立地代表例如乙酰基、三甲基乙酰基、苄酰基、叔丁氧羰基、苄氧羰基、三烷基甲硅烷基、苄基或经取代的苄基;或者在个别情形中,两个相邻的R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d基形成亚苄基乙缩醛或异亚丙基缩酮,或通过丁烯基的2与3位置与吡喃糖环的氧原子连接的2,3-二甲氧基-丁烯基,并与他们形成经取代的二烷,
其可如上文所述取得,与还原剂在有路易斯或Bronsted酸存在的条件下进行反应。
该反应的适当还原剂包括,例如三乙基-、三丙基-、三异丙基-或二苯基-硅烷的硅烷,硼氢化钠、氰硼氢化钠、硼氰化锌、硼烷、氢化锂铝、二异丁基铝氢化物或碘化钐。该还原反应是在没有或有适当的例如盐酸、甲苯磺酸、三氟乙酸或乙酸的Bronsted酸,或有例如三氟化硼乙醚,三氟甲基磺酸三甲基硅烷酯、四氯化钛、四氯化锡、三氟甲基磺酸化钪或碘化锌的Lewis酸存在的条件下进行。视还原剂与酸而定,该反应可在温度介于-60℃~120℃之间,在例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈、甲苯、己烷、乙醚、四氢呋喃、 烷、乙醇、水或其混合物的溶剂中进行。有一种特别适合的试剂组合物包括例如三乙基硅烷与三氟化硼乙醚,其较方便的是在-60℃~60℃温度下的乙腈或二氯甲烷中使用。另外,可以在有例如Pd/C或阮内镍的过渡金属催化剂存在下,在例如四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇、水或乙酸的溶剂中使用氢气,进行所述的转化。
可替代地,为了根据本发明的步骤b)制备根据本发明的通式I化合物,在通式III的化合物
其中R1至R5如上文所定义而且
R8a至R8d表示上文所定义的一保护基,例如酰基、芳甲基、缩醛、缩酮或甲硅烷基;而且,其可以例如由如上文所述的式II化合物进行还原反应而取得,并将保护基裂去。
所用的任何酰保护基是在有例如三氟乙酸、盐酸或硫酸的酸存在的条件下,或在有例如氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾的碱金属碱,或例如在有三甲基硅烷碘的非质子性存在下,在温度介于0~120℃之间,优选在温度10~100℃之间,例如在水、异丙醇/水、乙酸/水、四氢呋喃/水或二烷/水的水性溶剂中进行水解而裂去。三氟乙酰基优选在温度为50~120℃之间,任选地在有例如乙酸的溶剂存在下,使用例如盐酸的酸进行处理而裂去;或于温度为0~50℃之间,任选地在有例如四氢呋喃或甲醇的溶剂存在下,用氢氧化钠溶液进行处理而裂去。
使用的缩醛或缩酮保护基是在有例如三氟乙酸、盐酸或硫酸或于例如碘三甲基硅烷的非质子性酸的酸存在条件下,于温度介于0至120℃之间,优选为10~100℃的温度,在例如水性溶剂中,例如水、异丙醇/水、乙酸/水、四氢呋喃/水或二烷/水中进行水解而裂去。
三甲基甲硅烷基例如在水、水性溶剂混合物或例如甲醇或乙醇的低碳醇中,在有例如氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、碳酸钾或甲醇钠的碱存在的条件下进行裂去。在水性或醇类溶剂中,例如盐酸、三氟乙酸或乙酸的酸也是适当的。为在例如乙醚、四氢呋喃或二氯甲烷的有机溶剂中进行裂去,这也适合使用例如四丁基铵氟化物的氟化物试剂。
苄基、甲氧苄基或苄氧羰基较有利地是经氢解裂去,例如在例如甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯或冰醋酸的适当溶剂中,利用氢在有例如Pd/C的催化剂存在下,任选地添加例如盐酸的酸,于温度介于0~100℃,优选在20~60℃的室温,并于氢气压1~7bar,但优选3~5bar进行反应。然而,2,4-二甲氧基苄基优选在有苯甲醚存在条件下在三氟乙酸中进行裂去。
在上文所述的反应中,任何存在的反应基,例如乙炔基、羟基、氨基、烷氨基或亚胺基皆可在反应期间通过惯用的保护基进行保护并在反应后再次进行裂去。
例如,乙炔基的保护基可为三甲基甲硅烷基或三异丙基。亦可同样使用2-羟基异丙-2-基作为保护基。
例如,羟基的保护基可为三甲基甲硅烷基、乙酰基、三苯甲基、苄基或四氢吡喃基。
氨基、烷氨基或亚氨基的保护基可为例如甲酰基、乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、乙氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、苄氧羰基、苄基、甲氧苄基或2,4-二甲氧苄基。
此外,如上文所述,可将取得的通式I化合物解析成为其对映异构体和/或非对映异构体。因此,例如可将顺式/反式混合物解析成其顺式与反式异构体;而且,可将至少具一个光学活性碳原子的化合物分离成其对映异构体。
因此例如,所得的顺式/反式的混合物可通过色层分离解析成其顺式与反式异构体,所得的呈外消旋混合物型式的通式I化合物,可按本身已知的方法(比较Allinger N.L.与Eliel E.L.于“Topics in Stereochemistry”,Vol.6,Wiley Interscience,1971)分成其光学对映体;而且,可以利用本身已知的方法,例如通过色层分离与或分步结晶,将具有至少两个不对称性碳原子的通式I化合物,根据其物理化学性质的差异解析成其非对映异构体;而且,若这些化合物呈外消旋混合物型式时,可如上述在后续将它们解析成对映异构体。
对映异构体的分离优选在手性相上通过柱分离进行,或由旋光溶剂中的再结晶或通过与一种其和该外消旋化合物形成盐类或例如酯或酰胺的衍生物的旋光活性物质,特别是酸及其活化的衍生物或醇类进行反应;并且,例如根据其溶解度的差异,分离该因此取得的盐类或衍生物的非对映异构体混合物;其中,游离态的对映物可以通过适当的制剂作用而由纯的非对映异构体盐类或衍生物中释出。通常使用的旋光活性酸为例如下列酸的D-与L-型式:例如酒石酸或二苄酰基酒石酸、二-邻-甲苯基酒石酸、苹果酸、杏仁酸、樟脑磺酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸或奎尼酸。旋光活性的醇可以是例如,(+)或(-) 薄荷醇与以酰胺的旋光活性的酰基,例如(+)-或(-)-氧羰基。
再者,可使用无机或有机酸将所得的式I化合物转化成其盐,特别是供医药使用的生理上可接受的盐。为此可使用的酸包括例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、甲烷磺酸、磷酸、富马酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸或马来酸。
再者,将所得化合物与氨基酸转化成例如以1:1或1:2的混合物,特别是与例如脯氨酸或苯丙胺酸的α氨基酸的混合物,其具有例如高结晶性的特别优选的性质。
根据本发明化合物,较有利的亦可利用下述实例的方法取得,为此其也可用专业人员由文献中已知的方法进行,例如特别是在WO 98/31697、WO01/27128、WO 02/083066、WO 03/099836与WO 2004/063209所述的方法。
正如已经提及的,根据本发明的通式I化合物及其生理上可接受的盐具有有价值的药理性质,特别是对于抑制钠依赖型葡萄糖协同转运蛋白SGLT,较优选SGLT2的效果。
下面进行了检测新颖的化合物的生理性质:
该物质抑制SGLT-2活性的能力可以在一个安排的测试中表明,其中将CHO-K1细胞系(ATCC No.CCL 61)或替代的HEK293细胞系(ATCC No.CRL-1573)用包含编码人类钠葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(Genbank Acc.No.NM_003041)的序列的cDNA的表达载体pZeoSV(Invitrogen,EMBL登记号码L36849)(CHO-hSGLT2或HEK-hSGLT2)稳定地转染。这些细胞系以钠依赖型的方式,将14C-标记的α-甲基-葡萄糖吡喃基糖苷(14C-AMG,Amersham)输送入细胞内部。
SGLT-2分析进行如下:
GHO-hSGLT2细胞是在含10%胎牛血清与250μg/ml Zeocin(Invitrogen)的Ham's F12培养基中培养,而HEK293-hSGLT2细胞是在含10%胎牛血清与250μg/ml Zeocin(Invitrogen)的DMEM培养基中培养。用PBS洗两次,并接着用胰蛋白酶/EDTA处理使细胞由培养烧瓶中分离。添加细胞培养基后将细胞离心,再悬浮于培养基中并以Casy细胞计数器计算细胞。然后以每孔40,000个细胞接种于涂有聚-D赖氨酸的白色的96孔的培养盘中,并于37℃、5%CO2培育过夜。将细胞用300μl分析缓冲液洗涤两次(Hanks Balanced SaltSolution,137mM NaCl、5.4mM KCl、2.8mM CaCl2、1.2mMMgSO4与10mMHEPES(pH 7.4)、50μg/ml庆大霉素)。然后在每一孔中添加250μl的分析缓 冲液与5μl的受测化合物,并在培养箱中再培育15分钟。用5μl的10%的DMSO作为负对照组。通过在每一个孔中添加5μl的14C-AMG(0.05μCi)开始反应。于37℃、5%CO2培养两小时后,细胞再次以300μl PBS洗涤(20℃),然后通过添加25μl的0.1N NaOH进行溶解(5min,37℃)。在每一孔中添加200μl的MicroScint 20(Packard),并于37℃继续培育20分钟。培育完后,用 14C闪烁计数程序在Topcount(Packard)中测量14C-AMG吸收的放射性。
为测定对于人类SGLT1的选择性,进行了类似测试,其中在CHO-K1或HEK293细胞中表达的是hSGLT1(基因库Acc.No.NM000343)的cDNA而不是hSGLT2的cDNA。
根据本发明的通式I化合物,可以例如具有低于1000nM的EC50一值,特别是低于200nM,最优选低于50nM。
鉴于其抑制SGLT活性的能力,根据本发明的通式I化合物及其对应的医药可接受的盐类,原则上适合治疗和/或预防性处理所有因抑制SGLT,特别是SGLT-2活性而受影响的病情或疾病。因而,根据本发明化合物特别是适于预防或治疗疾病,特别是代谢病症或例如I型或II型糖尿病的病症,糖尿病的并发症(例如视网膜病变、肾脏病变或神经病变、糖尿病足、溃疡、大血管病变)、代谢性酸中毒或酮中毒、反应性低血糖症、高胰岛素血症、葡萄糖代谢病症、胰岛素抗性、代谢综合症、不同起源的血脂异常、动脉粥状硬化与相关疾病,肥胖症、高血压、慢性心衰竭、水肿与高尿酸血症。因此这些物质也适合阻止β细胞退化,例如胰脏β细胞的细胞凋亡或坏死。这些物质也适合改善或恢复胰细胞的功能性,也可以增加胰β细胞的数目与大小。根据本发明的化合物也可作为利尿剂与抗高血压剂使用,并适于预防与治疗急性肾衰竭。
特别是,根据本发明的化合物包括其生理上可接受的盐,适于预防或治疗糖尿病,特别是I型与II型糖尿病,和/或糖尿病并发症。
达到治疗或预防相应作用所需的剂量通常视所用的化合物、患者、疾病或病症的种类与严重性,以及施用的方法与频繁程度而定;而且,是由处置医师决定。适宜地,静脉给药时,剂量可为1~100mg,优选1~30mg;口服给药时,为1~1000mg,优选1~100mg,每个情形每天施用1到4次。为此目的,根据本发明制备的式I化合物任选地可与其他活性物质组合,与一种或多种惰性的惯用的载体和/或稀释剂,例如和玉米淀粉、乳糖、粗糖、 微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、柠檬酸、酒石酸、水、水/乙醇、水/甘油、水/山梨醇、水/聚乙二醇、丙二醇、鲸蜡硬脂酸醇、羧甲基纤维素或例如硬脂肪的脂肪性物质,或其适当的混合物,而制成惯用的盖伦氏制剂,例如片剂、包衣片剂、胶囊、粉剂、液剂、悬浮液或栓剂。
根据本发明的化合物也可与其他活性物质组合使用,特别是用于治疗和/或预防上述的疾病与病症的。适合此类组合的其他活性物质包括,例如那些对所述病征,可以增强根据本发明的SGLT拮抗抑制剂的治疗效果,和/或可降低根据本发明的SGLT抑制剂的剂量。适于此类组合的治疗药剂包括,例如抗糖尿病药,例如二甲双胍(metformin)、磺基脲(例如格列本脲(glibenclamide)、甲苯磺丁脲宁(tolbutamide)、格列美脲(glimepiride))、纳格列奈(nateglinide)、瑞格列奈(repaglinide)、噻唑烷二酮(例如罗格列酮(rosiglitazone)、吡格列酮(pioglitazone))、PPAR-γ-激动剂(例如GI 262570)与拮抗剂、PPAR-γ/α调控剂(例如KRP 297)、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂(例如阿卡波糖(acarbose)、伏格列波糖(voglibose))、DPPIV抑制剂(例如LAF237、MK-431)、α2-拮抗剂、胰岛素与胰岛素类似物、GLP-1与GLP-1类似物(例如衣衫锭(exendin-4))或白糊精(amylin)。给出的也包括肝脏中影响调控葡萄糖生产的物质--蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂1,例如葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶或果糖-1.6-二磷酸酶、醣原磷酸化酶等的抑制剂,胰增血糖素受体拮抗剂,与磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶、醣原合酶激酶或丙酮酸去氢激酶的抑制剂,例如HMG-CoA-还原酶抑制剂(例如辛伐地汀(simvastatin)、托伐他汀(atorvastatin)),贝特类(fibrates)(例如苯札贝特(bezafibrate)、非诺贝特(fenofibrate))、烟碱酸及其衍生物的脂质降低剂,PPAR-α-激动剂,PPAR-δ激动剂、ACAT抑制剂(例如阿发辛比(avasimibe))或例如爱赛地密(ezetimibe)的胆固醇吸收抑制剂,例如考来烯胺(cholestyramine)的胆酸结合物质,回肠胆酸运送的抑制剂,例如CETP抑制剂或ABC1调控剂的HDL升高化合物,或例如西布萘明(sibutramine)治疗肥胖症的活性物质,或四氢脂质抑制剂(Tetrahydrolipstatin)、右旋芬氟拉明(dexfenfluramine)、阿所坎(axokine)、大麻碱1受体拮抗剂、MCH-1受体拮抗剂、MC4受体激动剂、NPY5或NPY2拮抗剂、或例如SB-418790或AD-9677的β3-激动剂,以及5HT2c受体激动剂。
此外,与影响高血压的、慢性心衰竭或动脉粥状硬化的下列药物的组合例如:A-II拮抗剂或ACE抑制剂、ECE抑制剂、利尿剂、β-阻断剂、Ca-拮 抗剂,中枢神经作用的抗高血压剂、α-2-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂、中性内肽酶抑制剂、血小板凝集抑制剂与其他,或其组合都适宜的。血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂的实例为坎得沙坦西勒斯帝(candesartan cilexetil)、氯沙坦钾盐(potassium losartan)、伊普沙坦甲烷磺酸酯(eprosartan mesylate)、缬沙坦(valsartan)、替米沙坦(telmisartan)、依贝沙坦(irbesartan)、EXP 3174、L-158809、EXP-3312、欧美沙坦(olmesartan)、美朵索米(medoxomil)、他索沙坦(tasosartan)、KT-3-671、GA-0113、RU-64276、EMD-90423、BR-9701等。血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂优选用于治疗或预防高血压与糖尿病的并发症,通常与例如氢氯噻嗪塞(Hydrochlorothiazide)的利尿剂组合。
与尿酸合成抑制剂或优力可苏(uricosurics)的组合适于治疗或预防痛风。
与GABA-受体拮抗剂、Na-通道阻断剂、托吡酯(topiramat)、蛋白质-激酶C抑制剂、进一步糖化终端产物抑制剂或醛糖还原酶抑制剂的组合可用于治疗或预防糖尿病的并发症。
上文所提到的组合伴侣的剂量,适宜的是正常推荐最低剂量的1/5/至正常推荐剂量的1/1。
因而,在本发明的另一主题是使用有关根据本发明化合物或此类化合物的生理上可接受的盐,与至少一种上述作为组合伴侣的活性物质组合以制备适于治疗或预防因钠依赖型葡萄糖协同转运蛋白SGLT受抑制而受影响的疾病或症症。优选为代谢疾病,特别是上述的疾病或病症之一,最特别为糖尿病或糖尿病并发症。
根据本发明化合物或其生理上可接受的盐,与其他活性物质的组合的使用可以同时或交错时间,但特别是在短的时间间隔。若它们是同时施用时,将两种活性物质一起给予患者;若交错使用时,则给予患者此两种活性物质是在小于或等于12小时之内,特别是在小于或等于6小时内。
因此,本发明的另一方面,涉及药物组合物,其包括根据本发明的化合物,或此类化合物的生理上可接受的盐,以及至少一种上述作为组合伴侣的活性物质,任选地一种或多种惰性载体和/或稀释剂。
因此,例如根据本发明的药物组合物包括根据本发明的式I化合物或此类化合物的生理上可接受的盐与至少一种血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂的组合,任选地一种或多种惰性载体和/或稀释剂。
根据本发明的化合物或其生理上可接受的盐,以及将与之组合的另外的 活性物质,一起包含在例如片剂或胶囊的同一制剂型式中,或为例如所谓的组合套件中的分成两种相同或不同的剂型。
在前述与下文中,羟基的H原子在结构式中不在每一种情形下清楚表示。下列实施例是在说明本发明而不是用于限制:
起始化合物的制备:
实施例I
(5-溴基-2-氯-苯基)-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲酮
将38.3ml草酰氯与0.8ml二甲基甲酰胺加入到100g的5-溴-2-氯-苄酸在500ml二氯甲烷中的混合物。搅拌该反应混合物14小时,然后过滤并于旋转蒸发皿中与所有的挥发性成分分开。使残渣溶于150ml二氯甲烷中,将溶液冷却至-5℃并添加46.5g的苯甲醚。然后,分批添加51.5g的三氯化铝,要使温度不超过5℃。使溶液于1~5℃再搅拌1小时,然后倒在冰上。分离有机相,并以二氯甲烷再萃取水相三次。合并的有机相用1M盐酸水溶液洗一次,用1M氢氧化钠溶液洗两次并以饱和氯化钠溶液洗二次。然后干燥有机相,去除溶剂并使残渣在乙醇中再结晶。
产率:86.3g(理论值64%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=325/327/329(Br+Cl)[M+H]+
以类似于实施例I的方法制得下列化合物:
(1)(5-溴-2-碘-苯基)-(4-乙氧基-苯基)-甲酮
质谱(ESI+):m/z=431/433(Br)[M+H]+
(2)(5-溴-2-氯-苯基)-(4-碘-苯基)-甲酮
实施例II
4-溴-1-氯-2-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-苯
使86.2g的(5-溴-2-氯-苯基)-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲酮与101.5ml三乙基硅烷在75ml二氯甲烷与150ml乙腈中的溶液冷却至10℃。然后,搅拌下添加50.8ml的三氟化硼乙醚,使温度不超过20℃。使该溶液在室温搅拌14小时,然后添加另外9ml三乙基硅烷与4.4ml三氟化硼乙醚。使该溶液于45~50℃再搅拌3小时,然后冷却至室温。添加28g氢氧化钾在70ml水的溶液,并搅拌混合物2小时。然后,分离有机相并用二异丙醚再萃取水相3次。合并的有机相用2M氢氧化钾洗涤两次,并以氯化钠水溶液洗1次,然后经硫酸钠干燥。溶剂分离后,将残渣于乙醇中搅拌,再次分离并于60℃干燥。产率:50.0g(理论值61%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=310/312/314(Br+Cl)[M+H]+
以类似于实施例II的方法制得下列化合物:
(1)4-溴-1-碘-2-(4-乙氧基-苄基)-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=434/436[M+NH4]+
(2)4-溴-1-氯-2-(4-碘-苄基)-苯
实施例III
4-(5-溴-2-氯-苄基)-酚
使14.8g的4-溴-1-氯-2-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-苯在150ml二氯甲烷中的溶液在冰浴中冷却。然后,添加50ml 1M的三溴化硼的二氯甲烷溶液,并于室温搅拌该溶液2小时。然后,将该溶液再次在冰浴中冷却,并逐滴添加饱和碳酸钾溶液。室温下,用1M盐酸水溶液调节该混合物至pH 1,分离有机相并用乙酸乙酯再萃取水相3次。合并的有机相经硫酸钠脱水,并将溶剂完全去除。
产率:13.9g(理论值98%)。
质谱(ESI-):m/z=295/297/299(Br+Cl)[M-H]-
实施例IV
[4-(5-溴-2-氯-苄基)-苯氧基]-叔丁基-二甲基-硅烷
将13.9g的4-(5-溴-2-氯-苄基)-酚在140ml二氯甲烷中的溶液在冰浴中冷却。然后,添加7.54g叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯化物的20ml二氯甲烷溶液,随之加入9.8ml三乙胺与0.5g二甲基氨基吡啶。于室温搅拌该溶液16小时,然后用100ml二氯甲烷稀释。用1M氢氯酸溶液洗有机相2次,并以碳酸氢钠水溶液洗1次,然后经硫酸钠干燥。溶剂去除后,通过硅胶过滤残渣(环己烷/乙酸乙酯100:1)。
产率:16.8g(理论值87%)。
质谱(EI):m/z=410/412/414(Br+Cl)[M]+
实施例V
1-溴-4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苯
于氩气下,将11.6ml三异丙基乙炔与14.4ml三乙胺,接着0.2g碘化铜和0.73g双-(三苯膦)-钯二氯化物加入没有氧的15.0g的1-溴-4-碘-苯的150ml的无水四氢呋喃的溶液中。于室温搅拌该溶液16小时,然后通过Celite过滤并蒸干。残渣经硅胶色层分离(环己烷)。
产率:17.4g(理论值100%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=336/338(Br)[M]+
以类似实施例V的方法制得下列化合物:
(1)4-溴-1-(三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基)-2-(4-乙氧基-苄基)-苯
以4-溴-1-碘-2-(4-乙氧基-苄基)-苯用作为上述偶合反应的起始材料。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=471/473(Br)[M+H]+
(2)[4-(5-溴-2-氯-苄基)-苯基乙炔基]-三异丙基-硅烷
以4-溴-1-氯-2-(4-碘-苄基)-苯用作起始材料。
此化合物也可以根据实施例X的方法制得。
实施例VI
(5-溴-2-氟-苯基)-{4-[(三异丙基甲硅烷基)-乙炔基]-苯基}-甲醇
于氩气下,将33.8ml的1.6M正丁基锂的己烷溶液逐滴加入冷却至-78℃的17.4g的1-溴-4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苯的120ml无水四氢呋喃的溶液中。于-70℃搅拌该溶液1小时。然后,以15分钟逐滴添加10.8g 5-溴-2-氟-苄醛的30ml四氢呋喃溶液。生成的溶液在冷却浴中过夜回温至室温。然后加水,并以乙酸乙酯萃取混合物。合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,并去除溶剂。残渣经硅胶纯化(环己烷/乙酸乙酯4:1)。
产率:14.3g(理论值60%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=461/463(Br)[M+H]+
以类似实施例VI的方法制得下列化合物:
(1)(3-溴-苯基)-{4-[(三异丙基甲硅烷基)-乙炔基]-苯基}-甲醇
质谱(ESI-):m/z=487/489(Br)[M+HCOO]-
(2)(5-溴-2-甲氧基-苯基)-{4-[(三异丙基甲硅烷基)-乙炔基]-苯基}-甲醇
质谱(ESI+):m/z=473/475(Br)[M+H]+
实施例VII
[4-(5-溴-2-氟-苄基)-苯基乙炔基]-三异丙基-硅烷
将5.6g(5-溴-2-氟-苯基)-{4-[(三异丙基甲硅烷基)-乙炔基]-苯基}-甲醇与4.1ml三乙基硅烷的50ml的二氯甲烷溶液于冰浴中冷却。然后,缓慢滴加4.7ml的三氟乙酸,于室温搅拌溶液4小时。使溶液用二氯甲烷稀释,并用碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤。经硫酸钠脱水后去除溶剂,残渣经硅胶纯化(环己烷)。
产率:2.6g(理论值48%)。
质谱(EI):m/z=445/447(Br)[M]+
以类似实施例VII的方法制得下列化合物:
(1)[4-(3-溴-苄基)-苯基乙炔基]-三异丙基-硅烷
质谱(ESI+):m/z=427/429(Br)[M+H]+
(2)[4-(5-溴-2-甲氧基-苄基)-苯基乙炔基]-三异丙基-硅烷
不同于上述方法,使反应溶液于冰浴中而不是在室温下搅拌,直至反应完成为止。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=457/459(Br)[M+H]+
实施例VIII
4-溴-2-溴甲基-1-氯-苯
令4.0g的N-溴基琥珀酰亚胺缓慢加入冷却至5℃的5.0g的4-溴-1-氯-2-羟甲基-苯和5.9g三苯膦的50ml四氢呋喃溶液。在室温搅拌1小时后,滤除沉淀物,并于真空去除溶剂。残渣经硅胶纯化(环己烷/乙酸乙酯50:1)。
产率:4.9g(理论值76%)。
质谱(EI):m/z=282/284/286(Br+Cl)[M]+
实施例IX
(4-碘-苯乙炔基)-三异丙基-硅烷
于氩气下,将18.0g碘化钠(无水)、0.6g碘化铜与0.8g N,N'-二甲基-环己烷-1,2-二胺加入20.0g的(4-溴-苯乙炔基)-三异丙基-硅烷的溶液中,将该溶液回流加热下搅拌24小时,然后冷却至室温。添加1%氨溶液(100ml),并用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物。经硫酸钠干燥后,去除溶剂并使残渣经硅胶纯化(环己烷)。
产率:21.0g(理论值92%)。
质谱(EI):m/z=384[M]+
实施例X
[4-(5-溴-2-氯-苄基)-苯乙炔基]-三异丙基-硅烷
于氩气下,将0.66ml的2M异丙基镁氯化物的四氢呋喃溶液逐滴添加入冷却至-25℃的0.50g(4-碘-苯乙炔基)-三异丙基-硅烷的2.2ml无水四氢呋喃溶液中。于-25℃搅拌该溶液30分钟,然后与0.26ml的1M的CuCN*2LiCl的四氢呋喃溶液(通过溶解1:2比例的CuCN与LiCl而制备)合并。然后,尽快添加0.35g的4-溴-2-溴甲基-1-氯苯,并使反应混合物于冷却浴中升温至-5℃。于-5℃搅拌6小时后,将溶液加热至室温并搅拌过夜。然后,添加饱和的氯化铵溶液与25%氨溶液(9:1)的混合物,并将生成的混合物加入水中。分离有机相,并以乙酸乙酯萃取水相,合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,并去除溶剂,残渣经硅胶纯化(环己烷)。
产率:0.28g(理论值50%)。
质谱(EI):m/z=461/463/465(Br+Cl)[M+H]+
实施例XI
2,3,4,6-四-O-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-D-吡喃葡萄糖酮
将20g的D-葡萄糖酸-1,5-内酯与98.5ml N-甲基吗啉的200ml四氢呋喃溶液冷却至-5℃。然后滴加85ml的三甲基甲硅烷基氯化物,使温度不超过5℃。然后,将该溶液在室温下搅拌1小时,于35℃5小时,然后再在室温下14小时。添加300ml甲苯后,使溶液于冰浴中冷却,并添加500ml水,使温度不超过10℃。然后,分离有机相,并分别以磷酸二氢钠溶液、水与 饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤一次。去除溶剂,残渣溶于250ml甲苯,并再次完全去除溶剂。
产率:52.5g(纯度约90%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=467[M+H]+
实施例XII
1-氟-4-(1-甲氧基-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯
将4.46g的[4-(5-溴-2-氟-苄基)-苯基乙炔基]-三异丙基硅烷的30ml无水乙醚溶液于氩气下冷却至-80℃。将11.8ml的1.7M叔丁基锂的戊烷溶液缓慢滴加入该冷却溶液,然后于-80℃搅拌该溶液45分钟。然后,通过转移针将冷却至-80℃的5.19g的2,3,4,6-四-O-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-D-吡喃葡萄糖酮的50ml乙醚溶液滴加入此溶液。于-78℃搅拌所生成溶液3小时。然后,添加1.7ml甲烷磺酸的50ml甲醇溶液,移除冷却浴,并于室温搅拌溶液16小时。然后,以乙基二异丙胺中和溶液并蒸发至干。残渣经硅胶纯化(二氯甲烷/甲醇50:1->4:1)。
产率:2.8g(理论值50%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=576[M+NH4]+
以类似于实施例XII的方法制得下列化合物:
(1)1-甲氧基-4-(1-甲氧基-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯
有利地,将反应混合物仅与稍微过量的甲烷磺酸混合。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=588[M+NH4]+
(2)1-氯-4-(1-甲氧基-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=592/594(Cl)[M+NH4]+
实施例XIII
1-氟-4-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯
将0.8g的1-氟-4-(1-甲氧基-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯与0.5ml三乙基硅烷的6ml二氯甲烷与10ml乙腈的溶液冷 却至-10℃。将0.27ml的三氟化硼乙醚滴加入该冷却溶液。然后,于冰浴下搅拌该溶液3小时。添加碳酸氢钠水溶液入该溶液,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取该混合物。使有机相经硫酸钠干燥,去除溶剂,并将残渣溶于6ml二氯甲烷。然后,添加1.2ml吡啶、1.3ml乙酸酐与8mg的4-二甲基氨基吡啶。室温下搅拌该溶液1小时,然后与水合并。经二氯甲烷萃取混合物,用1M盐酸洗涤有机相并经硫酸钠干燥。去除溶剂后,残渣经硅胶色谱分离(环己烷/乙酸乙酯4:1->1:1)。
产率:0.23g(理论值23%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=714[M+NH4]+
以类似于实施例XIII的方法制得下列化合物:
(1)1-甲氧基-4-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=726[M+NH4]+
(2)1-氯-4-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=730/732(Cl)[M+NH4]+
实施例XIV
1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-甲氧基-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-(4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯
使2.6g的[4-(3-溴-苄基)-苯基乙炔基]-三异丙基-硅烷的20ml无水乙醚溶液在氩气下冷却至-80℃。将7.9ml1.7M叔丁基锂的戊烷溶液缓慢滴加入该冷却溶液中;然后,在-80℃搅拌该溶液30分钟。然后将冷却至-80℃的3.2g 2,3,4,6-四-O-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-D-吡喃葡萄糖酮的30ml乙醚的溶液通过转移针滴加入该溶液中。生成溶液于-78℃搅拌2小时,然后,滴加另一份冷却至-80℃的1.0g 2,3,4,6-四-O-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-D-吡喃葡萄糖酮的10ml乙醚溶液。于-78℃再搅拌1小时后,添加2ml甲烷磺酸的20ml甲醇溶液,移除冷却浴并将溶液在室温下搅拌16小时。然后,用乙基二异丙胺中和溶液,完全去除溶剂并将残渣溶于50ml甲苯。添加8.5ml乙基二异丙胺,并将该溶液在冰浴冷却。然后添加4.3ml乙酸酐与0.15g的4-二甲基氨基吡啶。将溶液在室温下搅拌2小时,然后与碳酸氢钠水溶液混合。经乙酸乙酯萃取,使有机相经硫酸钠干燥并去除溶剂。残渣经硅胶色谱分离(环己烷/乙酸乙酯4:1->1:3)。
产率:2.0g(理论值46%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=726[M+NH4]+
以类似于实施例XIV的方法制得:
(1)1-(三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基)-4-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-甲氧基-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙氧基-苄基)-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=770[M+NH4]+
实施例XV
1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-(4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯
将1.2ml三乙基硅烷与0.36ml三氟化硼乙醚滴加入冰冷的1.0g的1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-1-甲氧基-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-(4-三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯与25μl水的10ml乙腈溶液。然后,在冰浴中搅拌该溶液3小时,并在室温搅拌1小时。然后,再一次使溶液在冰浴冷却,再一次添加1.2ml三乙基硅烷与0.36ml三氟化硼乙醚。使该溶液在冰浴中再搅拌0.5小时并于室温搅拌2小时。然后,添加碳酸氢钠水溶液于此溶液中,并将生成的溶液经乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相经硫酸钠干燥并去除溶剂。
产率:0.78g(理论值81%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=696[M+NH4]+
以类似于实施例XV的方法制得下列化合物:
(1)1-(三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基)-4-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1- 基)-2-(4-乙氧基-苄基)-苯
实施例XVI
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-羟苄基)-苯
将4.0g的[4-(5-溴-2-氯-苄基)-苯氧基]-叔丁基-二甲基-硅烷的42ml无水乙醚溶液在氩气下冷却至-80℃。将11.6ml的1.7M叔丁基锂的戊烷溶液缓慢滴加入该冷却溶液中;然后,在-80℃搅拌该溶液30分钟。然后,将此溶液通过干冰冷却的转移针滴加入冷却至-80℃的4.78g的2,3,4,6-四-O-(三甲基甲硅烷基)-D-吡喃葡萄糖酮的38ml乙醚的溶液。生成的溶液在-78℃搅拌3小时。然后,添加1.1ml甲烷磺酸的35ml甲醇溶液,将该溶液在室温下搅拌16小时。然后,用碳酸氢钠固体中和该溶液,添加乙酸乙酯并将甲醇与乙醚一起去除。将碳酸氢钠水溶液添加入剩余的溶液中,并经乙酸乙酯萃取四次。有机相经硫酸钠干燥并蒸干。残渣溶于30ml乙腈与30ml二氯甲烷中,并将溶液冷却至-10℃。添加4.4ml三乙基硅烷后,滴加2.6ml三氟化硼乙醚同时使温度不超过-5℃。添加结束后,在-5~-10℃再搅拌5小时,然后添加碳酸氢钠水溶液终止反应。分离有机相,并经乙酸乙酯萃取水相四次。合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,去除溶剂并使残渣经硅胶纯化。然后,所得产物为约6:1的β/α混合物,其可通过将羟基经乙酸酐与吡啶的二氯甲烷溶液完全酰化,并在乙醇中再结晶而转化成纯的β-端基异构体(anomer)。通过在甲醇 中与4M氢氧化钾溶液进行反应,将所得产物转化成标题化合物。
产率:1.6g(理论值46%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=398/400(Cl)[M+H]+
实施例XVII
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(三氟甲基磺酰氧基)-苄基]-苯
将10mg的4-二甲基氨基吡啶加至0.38g的1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-羟苄基)-苯、0.21ml三乙胺与0.39g N,N-双-(三氟甲烷磺酰基)-苯胺的10ml无水二氯甲烷溶液中。在室温下搅拌该溶液4小时,然后与氯化钠水溶液混合。经乙酸乙酯萃取,有机萃取物经硫酸钠干燥并去除溶剂。残渣经硅胶色谱分离(二氯甲烷/甲醇1:0->4:1)。
产率:0.33g(理论值64%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=530/532(Cl)[M+NH4]+
实施例XVIII
2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-D-吡喃葡萄糖酮
将4g新鲜活化的分子筛与3.3g的N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物加入10.0g的2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖酮的140ml二氯甲烷溶液中。在室温下搅拌该溶液20分钟,然后添加0.3g的过钌酸四丙基铵。于室温搅拌2小时后,使该溶液用二氯甲烷稀释并经Celite过滤。以硫代硫酸钠水溶液与水洗 该滤液,并经硫酸钠干燥。去除溶剂后,残渣经硅胶色谱分离(环己烷/乙酸乙酯4:1)。
产率:8.2g(理论值82%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=539[M+H]+
实施例XIX
1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-1-羟基-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-[4-(叔丁基-二甲基-甲硅烷基氧基)-苄基]-4-甲基-苯
使0.34g的[4-(5-溴-2-甲基-苄基)-苯氧基]-叔丁基-二甲基-硅烷的3ml无水四氢呋喃溶液在氩气下冷却至-80℃。将0.54ml的1.6M正丁基锂的己烷溶液滴加入该冷却溶液,并使该溶液在-78℃搅拌1.5小时。将冷却至-80℃的0.43g的2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-D-吡喃葡萄糖酮的2.5ml四氢呋喃溶液用转移针滴加入此溶液。使生成的溶液在-78℃搅拌5小时。反应经0.1ml乙酸的1ml四氢呋喃溶液终止反应,并加热至室温。然后,添加碳酸氢钠水溶液,并使混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取四次。有机相经硫酸钠干燥并蒸干。残渣经硅胶色谱分离(环己烷/乙酸乙酯15:1->4:1)。
产率:0.48g(约88%纯度)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=868[M+H]+
实施例XX
1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-(4-羟基-苄基)-4-甲基-苯
使0.48g(约88%纯度)的1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-1-羟基-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-3-[4-(叔丁基-二甲基-甲硅烷基氧基)-苄基]-4-甲基-苯的3.5ml无水乙腈溶液在氩气下冷却至-40℃。将0.13ml的三异丙基硅烷与0.08ml三氟化硼乙醚滴加入该冷却溶液中。在-35℃搅拌该溶液3小时,然后再一次添加0.02ml三异丙基硅烷与0.01ml三氟化硼乙醚。于-40℃再放置2小时后,添加碳酸钾水溶液,并在室温下搅拌该溶液1小时。然后,用水稀释并经乙酸乙酯萃取四次。有机相经硫酸钠干燥、浓缩并经硅胶色谱分离(环己烷/乙酸乙酯10:1->4:1)。
产率:0.24g(理论值68%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=738[M+NH4]+
实施例XXI
1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-[4-(四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-4-甲基-苯
将0.10g甲苯-4-磺酸-四氢呋喃-3-基酯加入0.24g的1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-(4-羟基-苄基)-4-甲基-苯与0.13g碳酸铯的2.5ml二 甲基甲酰胺的混合物中。在65℃搅拌该混合物4小时,然后加水。经乙酸乙酯萃取三次,使有机相经硫酸钠干燥并去除溶剂。令残渣经硅胶纯化(环己烷/乙酸乙酯10:1->4:1)。
产率:0.23g(理论值78%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=808[M+H]+
实施例XXII
1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-[4-(三氟甲基磺酰氧基)-苄基]-4-甲基-苯
使0.62g的1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-(4-羟基-苄基)-4-甲基-苯的4.5ml无水二氯甲烷溶液在氩气下冷却至-10℃。将0.14ml吡啶与0.3g三氟甲烷基磺酸酐的0.5ml二氯甲烷溶液加入此冷却溶液。使该溶液于-5~-10℃搅拌0.5小时,然后加碳酸氢钠水溶液。使该混合物用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并的有机相用1M盐酸溶液洗涤,并经硫酸钠干燥。于溶剂去除后,残渣经硅胶色谱分离(环己烷/乙酸乙酯15:1->7:1)。
产率:0.62g(理论值84%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=853[M+H]+
实施例XXIII
1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-[4-(三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔基)-苄基]-4-甲基-苯
在氩气下将27mg碘化铜、49mg双-(三苯基膦)-钯二氟化物、0.30ml三乙胺与最后0.14ml三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔加入0.60g的1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-[4-(三氟甲基磺酰氧基)-苄基]-4-甲基-苯的3ml二甲基甲酰胺溶液。将烧瓶紧密密封,并于90℃搅拌4小时。然后,再添加20mg的双-(三苯基膦)-钯二氯化物与0.6ml三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔,并在90℃搅拌该溶液4小时。然后加碳酸氢钠水溶液。用乙酸乙酯萃取该混合物三次,合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥。在溶剂去除后,残渣经硅胶色谱分离(环己烷/乙酸乙酯40:1->10:1)。
产率:0.45g(理论值80%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=818[M+NH4]+
终化合物的制备
实施例1
1-氯-2-(4-环戊氧苄基)-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-苯
将0.16ml碘代环戊烷加入0.25g的1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-羟苄基)-苯与0.4g碳酸铯的2.5ml二甲基甲酰胺的混合物中。在45℃搅拌该 混合物4小时,然后再添加0.1g碳酸铯与0.05ml碘代环戊烷。在45℃再搅拌14小时后,添加氯化钠水溶液,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相经硫酸钠干燥,去除溶剂并用硅胶纯化残渣。(二氯甲烷/甲醇1:0->5:1)。
产率:0.23g(理论值78%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=466/468(Cl)[M+NH4]+
以类似于实施例1的方法制得下列化合物:
(2)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-((R)-四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
该反应是以(S)-甲苯-4-磺酸-四氢呋喃-3-基酯为偶合伴侣进行。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=451/453(Cl)[M+H]+
(3)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-((S)-四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
该反应是以(R)-甲苯-4-磺酸-四氢呋喃-3-基酯为偶合伴侣进行。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=451/453(Cl)[M+H]+
(4)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(四氢呋喃-2-酮-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
该反应是以3-溴基丁酰基内酯为偶合伴侣而进行。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=465/467(Cl)[M+H]+
(5)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-环丁氧基-苄基)-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=452/454(Cl)[M+NH4]+
(6)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-环己氧基-苄基)-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=480/482(Cl)[M+NH4]+
(7)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=487/489(Cl)[M+Na]+
(8)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(1-乙酰基-哌啶-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
该反应是以1-乙酰基-4-甲基磺酰氧基-哌啶为亲电体而进行。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=506/508(Cl)[M+H]+
(9)1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(1-叔丁氧羰基哌啶-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
该反应是以1-叔丁氧羰基-4-甲基磺酰氧基-哌啶为亲电体而进行。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=586/588(Cl)[M+Na]+
实例10
1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-4-甲基-3-[4-(四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
使0.21g的1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-[4-(四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-4-甲基-苯与0.1g的10%氢氧化钯/炭的3ml乙酸乙酯的混合物,于1atm氢气下在室温下震荡24小时。然后,再次添加相同量的催化剂,并于氢气压下再震荡该混合物24小时。然后过滤除去催化剂,蒸干滤液并令残渣经硅胶色谱分离(二氯甲烷/甲醇1:0->5:1)。
产率:0.06g(理论值49%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=448[M+NH4]+
实例11
1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-4-甲基-3-[4-(2-三甲基甲硅烷基-乙基)-苄基]-苯
使0.29g的1-(2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-4-甲基-3-[4-(三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔基)-苄基]-苯与0.25g的10%氢氧化钯/炭的3ml乙酸乙酯的混合物于1atm氢气下在室温下震荡24小时。然后,再添加0.2g催化剂,并于氢气压下再震荡该混合物20小时。然后,滤除催化剂,蒸干滤液并使 残渣经硅胶色谱分离(二氯甲烷/甲醇1:0->5:1)。
产率:0.08g(理论值51%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=462[M+NH4]+
实例12
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯
于氩气下,将25mg碘化铜、44mg 双-(三苯基膦)-钯二氯化物、0.30ml三乙胺与最后0.14ml的三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔,在氩气下加入0.32g的1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(三氟甲基磺酰氧基)-苄基]-苯的3ml二甲基甲酰胺溶液中。将烧瓶紧密密封,并于90℃搅拌8小时。然后,再添加25mg的双-(三苯基膦)-钯二氯化物与0.1ml三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔,并使该溶液再在90℃搅拌10小时。然后,添加碳酸氢钠溶液,用乙酸乙酯萃取该混合物三次,合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥。去除溶剂后,残渣溶于5ml甲醇并与0.12g碳酸钾混合。使混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,然后以1M盐酸中和。然后蒸干甲醇,残渣与氯化钠水溶液混合,并经乙酸乙酯萃取。将收集的有机萃取物经硫酸钠干燥,并去除溶剂。残渣经硅胶色谱分离(二氯甲烷/甲醇1:0->5:1)。
产率:0.095g(理论值40%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=406/408(Cl)[M+NH4]+
此化合物也可按实施例14的方法制得:
实施例13
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(哌啶-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
将2ml三氟乙酸加入0.19g的1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(1-叔丁氧羰基哌啶-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯的4ml二氯甲烷溶液中。使该溶液在室温下搅拌1.5小时,然后用乙酸乙酯稀释,并以碳酸钾水溶液调成碱性。分离有机相,并以乙酸乙酯萃取水相。合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,并完全去除溶剂。
产率:0.060g(理论值38%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=464/466(Cl)[M+H]+
实施例14
1-氟-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯
将0.33ml的1M四丁基铵氟化物的四氢呋喃溶液加入0.23g的1-氟-4-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(三异丙基甲硅烷基乙炔基-苄基)-苯的1.5ml四氢呋喃溶液。使该溶液在室温下搅拌1小时。然后添加1ml甲醇与1.5ml的4M的氢氧化钾溶液,并使该溶液在室温再搅拌一小时。使该溶液用1M盐酸中和,然后蒸去甲醇。残渣与氯化钠溶液混合,并经乙酸乙酯萃取。收集有机萃取物,并经硫酸钠干燥,然后蒸去溶剂。残渣经硅胶色谱分离(二氯甲烷/甲醇19:1->2:1)。
产率:0.060g(理论值49%)。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=390[M+NH4]+
以类似于实施例14的方法制得下列化合物:
(15)1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=372[M+NH4]+
(16)1-乙炔基-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙氧基-苄基)-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=416[M+NH4]+
(17)1-甲氧基-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯
质谱(ESI+):m/z=402[M+NH4]+
根据实施例(12)的化合物(1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯)也可按类似于实施例14的方法进行合成。任选地,可用四丁基铵氟化物去甲硅烷基化后制得的中间阶段1-氯-4-(2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯可通过乙醇中进行再结晶而纯化。
质谱(ESI+):m/z=406/408(Cl)[M+NH4]+
采用类似于上述实施例与其他由文献中已知的方法制得下列化合物:
现在,我们将说明制剂型的某些实例,其中“活性物质”的术语表示一种或多种根据本发明的化合物,包括其盐。在上文所述的与一种或多种另外的活性物质组合的情形,该“活性物质”的术语也包括另外的活性物质。
实例A
含100mg活性物质的片剂
组合物:
每一片剂包含:
制备方法:
混合该活性物质、乳糖与淀粉,并用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液进行均匀地润湿。于过筛湿润的组分后(2.0mm网目)并在架式干燥箱中50℃干燥,然后再次过筛(1.5mm网目)并添加润滑剂。将完成的混合物压制成片剂。
片剂重量:220mg
直径:10mm,双平面,两面都有小平面,一面有凹型刻痕。
实例B
含150mg活性物质的片剂
组合物:
每一片剂包含:
制备:
将乳糖、玉米淀粉与硅酸混合的活性物质经20%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液湿润化,并通过1.5mm网目大小的筛子。使在45℃干燥的颗粒再次通过相同的筛子,并混合特定量的硬脂酸镁。由混合物压制成片剂。
片剂重量:300mg
金属模:10mm,扁平
实例C
含150mg活性物质的硬明胶胶囊
组合物:
每一个胶囊包含:
制备:
将活性物质与赋形剂混合,使其通过0.75mm网目大小的筛子。并在适当的装置中将其均匀混合。将完成的混合物充入1号的硬明胶胶囊。
胶囊填充物:约320mg
胶囊外壳:1号硬明胶胶囊。
实例D
含150mg活性物质的栓剂
组合物:
每一个栓剂包含:
制备:
在栓剂的材料熔解后,将活性物质均质分布在其中,并将熔融物倒入预冷却的模中。
实例E
含10mg活性物质的安瓿
组合物:
活性物质 10.0mg
0.01N盐酸,适量
添加双蒸水 至 2.0ml
制备:
将活性物质溶于需要量的0.01N HCl中,利用食盐使其成为等渗溶液,无菌过滤并充2ml安瓿。
实例F
含50mg活性物质的安瓿
组合物:
活性物质 50.0mg
0.01N盐酸,适量
添加双蒸水 至 10.0ml
制备:
将活性物质溶于需要量的0.01N HCl,以食盐使其成为等渗溶液,无菌过滤并充入10ml安瓿。
Claims (11)
1.具通式I的吡喃葡萄糖取代的苯衍生物
其中
R1选自A基的定义,而且
若R3是选自B基的定义时,则R1也可以另外选自下列的意义:氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-4-烷基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷氧基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷氧基、C3-7-环烷基-C1-4-烷基、C5-7-环烯基-C1-4-烷基、经1-3个氟原子取代的甲基、经1-5个氟原子取代的乙基、C1-4-烷氧基、经1-3-个氟原子取代的甲氧基、经1-5个氟原子取代的乙氧基、经羟基或-C1-3-烷氧基取代的C1-4-烷基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C2-4-烷氧基、C3-6-环烷基-C1-3-烷氧基或羟基,
同时,在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,1或2个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O或CO替代,而且
R2表示氢、氟、氯、溴、羟基、C1-4-烷基、C1-4-烷氧基、氰基或硝基,其中该烷基或烷氧基可以经氟单或多取代,而且
R3是选自B基的定义,而且
若R1是选自A基的定义时,则R3也可以另外选自下列的意义:氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-6-烷基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷基、C2-4-烯基-C1-4-烷氧基、C2-4-炔基-C1-4-烷氧基、C3-7-环烷基、C5-7-环烯基、C3-7-环烷基-C1-4-烷基、C5-7-环烯基-C1-4-烷基、C3-6-环亚烷基甲基、羟基、C1-6-烷氧基、C3-6-环烷基-C1-3-烷氧基、芳基、芳基-C1-3-烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基-C1-3-烷基、芳氧基、芳基-C1-3-烷基-氧基、经1-3-个氟原子取代的甲基或甲氧基、经1-5个氟原子取代的C2-4-烷基或C2-4-烷氧基、经氰基取代的C1-4-烷基、经羟基或C1-3-烷氧基取代的C1-4-烷基、氰基、羧基、C1-3-烷氧羰基、氨羰基、(C1-3-烷氨基)羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨羰基、吡咯烷-1-基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、哌嗪-1-基-羰基、4-(C1-3-烷基)-哌嗪-1-基-羰基、(C1-4-烷基)羰氨基、C1-4-烷基-磺酰基氨基、C1-4-烷硫基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基氨基、芳基-C1-3-烷磺酰基氨基或芳磺酰基,
R4、R5彼此独立地表示氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、氰基、硝基、C1-3-烷基、C1-3-烷氧基、经1-3-个氟原子取代的甲基或甲氧基,
A表示C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、C3-7-环烷基、C5-7-环烯基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-4-烷羰基、芳羰基、杂芳羰基、氨羰基、C1-4-烷氨羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨羰基、吡咯烷-1-基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、哌嗪-1-基羰基、4-(C1-4-烷基)哌嗪-1-基羰基、芳氨羰基、杂芳氨羰基、C1-4-烷氧羰基、芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、杂芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、氨基、C1-4-烷氨基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-酮-1-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-酮-1-基、吗啉-4-基、吗啉-3-酮-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、4-(C1-3-烷基)-哌嗪-1-基、C1-4-烷羰氨基、芳羰氨基、杂芳羰氨基、C3-7-环烷氧基、C5-7-环烯氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、C3-7-环烷硫基、C3-7-环烷亚磺酰基、C3-7-环烷磺酰基、C5-7-环烯硫基、C5-7-环烯亚磺酰基、C5-7-环烯磺酰基、芳硫基、芳亚磺酰基、芳磺酰基、杂芳硫基、杂芳亚磺酰基、杂芳磺酰基、氰基或硝基,
然而,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟或氯单或多取代,而且
上述的炔基与烯基可以经相同或不同的L1基单或双取代,而且
上述的环烷基与环烯基环可以彼此独立地经选自氟与C1-3-烷基的取代基单或双取代,而且
在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,一或两个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O、S、CO、SO、SO2或NRN替代,
B表示三-(C1-4-烷基)甲硅烷基-C1-6-烷基、C2-6-炔-1-基、C2-6-烯-1-基、氨基、C1-3-烷氨基、二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基、吡咯烷-1-基、吡咯烷-2-酮-1-基、哌啶-1-基、哌啶-2-酮-1-基、吗啉-4-基、吗啉-3-酮-4-基、哌嗪-1-基、4-(C1-3-烷基)-哌嗪-1-基、芳羰氨基、杂芳羰氨基、硝基、C3-10-环烷氧基、C5-10-环烯氧基、C3-10-环烷硫基、C3-10-环烷亚磺酰基、C3-10-环烷磺酰基、C5-10-环烯硫基、C5-10-环烯亚磺酰基、C5-10-环烯磺酰基、芳硫基、芳亚磺酰基、杂芳硫基或杂芳亚磺酰基,
然而,上述的炔基与烯基可以经氟或氯单或多取代,而且
上述的炔基与烯基可以经相同或不同的L1基单或双取代,
然而,上述的环烷基与环烯基环可以彼此独立地经选自氟与C1-3-烷基的取代基单或双取代,而且
在上述的环烷基与环烯基环中,一或两个亚甲基可以彼此独立地经O、S、CO、SO、SO2或NRN替代,
RN表示H、C1-4-烷基、C1-4-烷羰基或C1-4-烷磺酰基,
L1是彼此独立地选自羟基、氰基、硝基、C3-7-环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-4-烷羰基、芳羰基、杂芳羰基、氨羰基、C1-4-烷氨羰基、二-(C1-3-烷基)-氨羰基、吡咯烷-1-基羰基、哌啶-1-基羰基、吗啉-4-基羰基、芳氨羰基、杂芳氨羰基、C1-4-烷氧羰基、芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、杂芳基-C1-3-烷氧羰基、C1-4-烷氧基、芳氧基、杂芳氧基、C1-4-烷硫基、芳硫基、杂芳硫基、C1-4-烷亚磺酰基、芳亚磺酰基、杂芳亚磺酰基、C1-4-烷磺酰基、芳磺酰基与杂芳磺酰基,而且
L2是彼此独立地选自氟、氯、溴、碘、C1-3-烷基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、C1-3-烷氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基与氰基,而且
R6、R7a、
R7b、R7c彼此独立地具有选自下列的意义:氢、(C1-18-烷基)羰基、(C1-18-烷基)氧基羰基、芳羰基与芳基-(C1-3-烷基)-羰基,
然而,在上述基的定义中提到的芳基意指苯基或萘基,其可彼此独立地经相同或不同的L2基单或双取代,而且
在上述的基的定义中提到的杂芳基意指吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、异喹啉基或四唑基,
或意指吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基或吡啶基,其中一或两个次甲基可经氮原子替代,
或意指吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基或异喹啉基,其中一至三个次甲基可经氮原子替代,
然而,上述的杂芳基可以彼此独立地经相同或不同的L2基单取代或双取代,
然而,除非另有说明,否则上述的烷基可为直链或支链,
其互变异构体、立体异构体,其混合物及其盐。
2.吡喃葡萄糖取代的苯衍生物,其选自:
1-氯-2-(4-环戊氧苄基)-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-苯,
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-((R)-四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯,
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-((S)-四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯,
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(四氢呋喃-2-酮-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-环丁氧基-苄基)-苯,
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-环己氧基-苄基)-苯,
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(四氢吡喃-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯,
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(1-乙酰基-哌啶-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯,
1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-4-甲基-3-[4-(四氢呋喃-3-基氧基)-苄基]-苯,
1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-4-甲基-3-[4-(2-三甲基甲硅烷基-乙基)-苄基]-苯,
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯,
1-氯-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-[4-(哌啶-4-基氧基)-苄基]-苯,
1-氟-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯,
1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-3-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯,
1-乙炔基-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙氧基-苄基)-苯,
1-甲氧基-4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1-基)-2-(4-乙炔基-苄基)-苯,
其互变异构体、立体异构体,其混合物及其盐。
3.根据权利要求1至2中至少一项的化合物与无机酸或有机酸产生的生理上可接受的盐。
4.药物组合物,包含根据权利要求1至2中的至少一项的化合物,或根据权利要求3的生理上可接受的盐,任选地含有一种或多种惰性载体和/或稀释剂。
5.根据权利要求1至2中的一项或多项的化合物或根据权利要求3的生理上可接受的盐在制备适于治疗或预防因钠依赖型葡萄糖协同转运蛋白SGLT受抑制所影响的疾病或病症的药物组合物中的用途。
6.药物,其含有权利要求1至2中的一项或多项的化合物或根据权利要求3的生理上可接受的盐,以及至少一种选自抗糖尿病药的活性物质,任选地含有一种或多种惰性载体和/或稀释剂。
7.一种制备根据权利要求1的通式I化合物的方法,其特征在于将通式II化合物在有路易斯或Bronsted酸存在的情形下与还原剂进行反应,其中任何存在的保护基则同时或先后裂去,
其中
R'表示H、C1-4-烷基、(C1-18-烷基)羰基、(C1-18-烷基)氧羰基、芳羰基与芳基-(C1-3-烷基)-羰基,其中该烷基或芳基可以经卤素单或多取代,
R8a、R8b、
R8c、R8d彼此独立地具有一种上文或下文所给予的R6、R7a、R7b、R7c基的意义,表示苄基或RaRbRcSi基或缩酮基或缩醛基;然而,在每一种情形中,两个相邻的R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d基可形成环状缩酮基或缩醛基,或1,2-二(C1-3-烷氧基)-1,2-二(C1-3-烷基)-乙烯桥;然而,上述的乙烯桥和两个氧原子以及吡喃糖环所属的两个碳原子,形成取代的二烷环,而烷基、芳基和/或苄基可以通过卤素或C1-3-烷氧基单或多取代,而且苄基也可以经二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基取代,而且
Ra、Rb、Rc彼此独立地表示C1-4烷基、芳基或芳基-C1-3-烷基,其中该芳基或烷基可以经卤素单或多取代,
然而,在上述基的定义中提到的芳基意指苯基或萘基,优选为苯基,
而且,该R1至R5与R6、R7a、R7b、R7c具有权利要求1所给予的意义,
必要时,使由此取得的其中R6表示氢原子的通式I化合物通过酰化而转化成对应的通式I的酰基化合物,和/或
若需要时,将上述反应所用的保护基裂去,和/或
必要时,将由此取得的通式I化合物分离成其立体异构体和/或
必要时,将由此取得的通式I化合物转化成其盐,特别是对于医药用途而转化成其生理上可接受的盐。
8.一种制备通式II化合物的方法
其中
R'表示H、C1-4-烷基、(C1-18-烷基)羰基、(C1-18-烷基)氧羰基、芳羰基与芳基-(C1-3-烷基)-羰基,其中该烷基或芳基可以经卤素单或多取代,
R8a、R8b、
R8c、R8d彼此独立地具有一种所给予的R6、R7a、R7b、R7c基的意义,表示苄基或RaRbRcSi基或缩酮基或缩醛基;然而,在每一种情形中,两个相邻的R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d基可形成环状缩酮或缩醛基,或1,2-二(C1-3-烷氧基)-1,2-二(C1-3-烷基)-乙烯桥;然而,上述的乙烯桥和两个氧原子以及吡喃糖环的两个相关的碳原子,形成取代的二烷环,而烷基、芳基和/或苄基可以通过卤素或C1-3-烷氧基单或多取代,而且苄基也可以经二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基取代,而且
Ra、Rb、Rc彼此独立地表示C1-4烷基、芳基或芳基-C1-3-烷基,其中该芳基或烷基可以经卤素单或多取代,
然而,在上述基的定义中提到的芳基意指苯基或萘基,优选为苯基,
而且R1至R5、R6、R7a、R7b、R7c具有权利要求1中所给予的意义,
其中,可通过卤素-金属交换或通过将金属插入通式IV的卤素-苄基苯化合物的碳-卤素键而取得有机金属化合物(V)
其中Hal表示Cl、Br与I,而R1至R5是如上文所定义,以及任选地接着的转金属化,加至通式VI的葡萄糖内酯中
其中R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d是如上文所定义者,而且
然后,使该生成的加合物在有酸存在的情形下与水或其中R'表示任选地经取代的C1-4-烷基的R'-OH醇进行反应,并任选地使与水进行反应取得的其中R'表示H的产物,在后续反应中用酰化剂转化成其中R'表示(C1-18-烷基)羰基、(C1-18-烷基)氧羰基、芳羰基或芳基-(C1-3-烷基)-羰基的式II的产物,其可如所述进行取代。
9.一种制备其中R6、R7a、R7b与R7c代表氢的根据权利要求1至2中的通式I化合物的方法,其特征在于将通式III化合物进行水解
其中
R8a、R8b、
R8c、R8d彼此独立地具有一种所给予R6、R7a、R7b、R7c基的意义,但是至少R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d中之一不表示氢,或表示苄基或RaRbRcSi基或缩酮基或缩醛基;然而,在每一种情形中,两个相邻的R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d基可形成环状缩酮或缩醛基,或1,2-二(C1-3-烷氧基)-1,2-二(C1-3-烷基)-乙烯桥;然而上述的乙烯桥与两个氧原子以及吡喃糖环的两个有关的碳原子,形成取代的二烷环,而烷基、芳基和/或苄基可以通过卤素或C1-3-烷氧基单或多取代,而且苄基也可以经二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基取代,而且
Ra、Rb、Rc彼此独立地表示C1-4烷基、芳基或芳基-C1-3-烷基,其中该烷基或芳基可以经卤素单或多取代,
然而,根据在上述基的定义中提到的芳基意指苯基或萘基,优选为苯基,
而且,R1至R5、R6、R7a、R7b、R7c具有根据权利要求1中所给予的意义,
而且
必要时,使由此取得的其中R6表示氢原子的通式I化合物通过酰化而转化成对应的通式I的酰基化合物,和/或
若需要时,将任何上述反应所用的保护基裂去,和/或
必要时,将由此取得的通式I化合物分离成其立体异构体和/或
必要时,将由此取得的通式I化合物转化成其盐,特别是对于医药用途而转化成其生理上可接受的盐。
11.一种通式II化合物
其中
R'表示H、C1-4-烷基、(C1-18-烷基)羰基、(C1-18-烷基)氧羰基、芳羰基与芳基-(C1-3-烷基)-羰基,其中该烷基或芳基可以经卤素单或多取代,
R8a、R8b、
R8c、R8d彼此独立地具有一种给予R6、R7a、R7b、R7c基的意义,或表示苄基或RaRbRcSi基或缩酮基或缩醛基;然而,在每一种情形中,两个相邻的R8a、R8b、R8c、R8d基可以形成环状缩酮基或缩醛基,或1,2-二(C1-3-烷氧基)-1,2-二(C1-3-烷基)-乙烯桥;然而,上述的乙烯桥和两个氧原子以及吡喃糖环的两个相关的碳原子,形成取代的二烷环,而烷基、芳基和/或苄基可以通过卤素或C1-3-烷氧基单或多取代,而且苄基也可以经二-(C1-3-烷基)氨基取代,而且
Ra、Rb、Rc彼此独立地表示C1-4烷基、芳基或芳基-C1-3-烷基,然而该烷基或芳基可以经卤素单或多取代,
然而,根据在上述基的定义中提到的芳基意指苯基或萘基,优选为苯基,
而且R1至R5基如权利要求1所定义。
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CN104761522A (zh) * | 2014-01-03 | 2015-07-08 | 山东轩竹医药科技有限公司 | 光学纯的苄基-4-氯苯基的c-糖苷衍生物 |
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