CN102484245A - 铅蓄电池用负极板的制造方法以及铅蓄电池 - Google Patents

铅蓄电池用负极板的制造方法以及铅蓄电池 Download PDF

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CN102484245A
CN102484245A CN2010800290324A CN201080029032A CN102484245A CN 102484245 A CN102484245 A CN 102484245A CN 2010800290324 A CN2010800290324 A CN 2010800290324A CN 201080029032 A CN201080029032 A CN 201080029032A CN 102484245 A CN102484245 A CN 102484245A
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古川淳
门马大辅
高田利通
T·L·林
R·劳伊
P·N·海格
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FUKUKAWA DENSHI Co Ltd
Furukawa Battery Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种铅蓄电池用负极板的制造方法,其是在负极活性物质填充板的表面上具有碳混合剂包覆层的结构的负极板的课题即防止该负极活性物质填充板与该碳混合剂包覆层的界面剥离、提高低下的急速放电特性的铅蓄电池用负极板的制造方法。在负极活性物质填充板的表面的至少一部分上,形成由具有导电性的第一碳材料和具有电容器容量和/或赝电容器容量的第二碳材料构成的两种碳材料至少与粘结剂混合而成的碳混合剂的包覆层之后,在经过从该负极活性物质填充板向该碳混合剂包覆层内移动中使足够的铅离子生成的工序之后,进行化成或者初次充电,将该碳混合剂包覆层与负极板的相互界面的至少一部分通过析出铅连接而一体化。

Description

铅蓄电池用负极板的制造方法以及铅蓄电池
技术领域
本发明涉及利用PSOC反复急速充放电的适用于混合式汽车用途或风车等产业用的铅蓄电池用负极板的制造方法以及铅蓄电池。
背景技术
目前,在日本特表2007-506230号公报中提出了一种铅蓄电池用负极板,该负极板通过以负极活性物质填充板作为主体,在其表面上形成选自具有导电性的炭黑等第一碳材料和具有电容器容量(capacitance)和/或赝电容器容量(pseudocapacitance)的活性炭等第二碳材料的至少两种碳材料与粘结剂混合而成的碳混合剂(carbon-mix)的包覆层(coating layer),即使利用PSOC反复急速充放电也能够利用电容器的机能大幅度延长寿命。
现行技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特表2007-506230号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
然而,在上述专利文献1中提出的负极板中,负极与具有电容器机能的多孔的碳混合剂包覆层即该碳包覆层与其下面的负极板主体的结合由于是该碳包覆层中含有的机械的锚定效果的结合,因此在之后对该负极板进行化成工序或初次充电工序等铅蓄电池的制造工序中,该碳混合剂包覆层容易从负极的表面剥离,另外,与此同时,该碳混合剂包覆层没有充分发挥机能,结果在低温中急速放电性能等劣化,存在着不能得到期待的性能的问题。
本发明在于:解决上述的课题,提供不产生该碳混合剂包覆层与负极板主体的界面剥离且导电性提高的铅蓄电池用负极板的制造方法和提高在低温中的急速放电性能的铅蓄电池。
解决课题的方法
如权利要求1所述,本发明提供铅蓄电池用负极板的制造方法,其特征在于:在负极活性物质填充板的表面的至少一部分上,形成由具有导电性的第一碳材料和具有电容器容量和/或赝电容器容量的第二碳材料构成的两种碳材料与粘结剂混合而成的碳混合剂的包覆层之后,经过从该负极活性物质填充板向该碳混合剂包覆层内移动中使足够的铅离子生成的工序之后,进行化成或初次充电,使铅析出,通过析出的铅将该碳混合剂包覆层与负极板的界面的至少一部分连接而一体化。
并且,如权利要求2所述,本发明提供铅蓄电池,其特征在于:该铅蓄电池具备利用权利要求1所述的制造方法制造的负极板。
发明效果
根据权利要求1涉及的发明,可以制造:所制造的该负极板主体与该碳混合剂包覆层的相互界面部分或者全面地通过析出的铅一体结合的、具有耐剥离性的坚固且导电性提高、并且使电池特性提高的铅蓄电池用负极板。
根据权利要求2涉及的发明,铅蓄电池由于使用具有上述的耐剥离性、且导电性提高的负极板作为负极,因此使利用PSOC的低温急速放电性能提高。
具体实施方式
下面详细叙述本发明的实施例。
在本发明的铅蓄电池用负极板的制造中,与以往同样,作为起始原料,在铅或者铅合金的多孔集电板上填充由铅黄和硫酸等的捏合液构成的负极活性物质原料之后,按照常规方法,使用负极活性物质填充板作为制造原材料,该负极活性物质填充板是由经熟化处理而成的负极熟化板构成的负极活性物质填充板或由将上述负极活性物质原料填充板或负极熟化板经化成处理而成的负极化成板构成的负极活性物质填充板。
根据本发明,首先第一个方面,在加热干燥所述负极活性物质填充板之后,在其至少表面的一部分上涂布碳混合剂,形成其包覆层。详细而言,在其整个两表面上、或者其整个单面上、或者其两面或单面的一部分上涂布碳混合剂,形成其包覆层。
该碳混合剂由确保导电性的第一碳材料和确保电容器容量和/或赝电容器容量的第二碳材料至少与粘结剂的混合物构成。
然而,将在该负极活性物质填充板的表面形成该碳混合剂包覆层的填充板在该填充板为负极熟化板时直接进行化成处理,接着进行初次充电处理,在为负极化成板时进行初次充电处理,在制造各表面被多孔的碳混合剂包覆层包覆的铅蓄电池用负极板时,在任何情况下,负极活性物质填充板和碳混合剂包覆层的相互界面的粘结因为不过是利用粘结剂的机械性锚定的结合而已,因此,在化成处理或初次充电处理中,在其界面上产生剥离而无法进行良好的化成处理或初次充电处理,成为导电性或电容器容量下降的负极板,作为以其为负极的铅蓄电池的情形,判明了导致急速放电特性的劣化或使用寿命的缩短。
为了解决上述课题,本发明是:将在负极活性物质填充板的上面形成碳混合剂包覆层而成的填充板在进行这些化成处理或初次充电处理之前,作为将该碳混合剂包覆层和该负极活性物质填充板的结合一体化的方法,是在电解液浸渍下实施引起从负极活性物质填充板向该碳混合剂包覆层内移动扩散足够的铅离子的处理之后,进行化成处理或初次充电处理,由此可以制造在该碳混合剂包覆层与该负极活性物质填充板的界面上通过析出的铅而一体结合的、无剥离且导电性提高的铅蓄电池用负极板。
作为本发明特征的铅离子的生成方法和之后的铅析出方法,在使用负极化成板作为该负极活性物质填充板时,在负极的表面上形成碳混合剂包覆层之后,在空气中干燥,以碳混合剂包覆层为多孔的包覆层,同时使负极活性物质氧化,这样,然后在注入电解液时容易生成铅离子。并且,延长电解液注入后的浸渍时间,这样,更大量的铅离子向多孔的碳混合剂包覆层内的流入扩散更加容易进行。而且,通过之后的充电处理进行铅的析出而使上述的一体化。并且,另外负极活性物质的活化工序从放电开始,这样,使铅离子生成,接着通过充电使铅析出也是有效的。
附带说一下,如果对以往的缺少碳混合剂包覆层的负极熟化板首先进行例如上述的放电处理,则在其后的充电过程中溶解的铅离子在负极表面上以枝晶状析出,容易引起短路。相对于此,由于本发明的负极具有碳混合剂包覆层,该碳混合剂包覆层捕获铅离子,因此不引起短路。
而且,在本发明的负极板的制造过程中,由于被混入该碳混合剂包覆层的活性炭等的第二碳材料捕捉的铅离子可以抑制与硫酸离子的反应,因此硫酸铅的结晶难以成长,负极板主体与该碳混合剂包覆层的相互界面成为难以引起硫酸盐化的环境。对碳混合剂包覆层内部以及外表面也产生同样的环境。结果,如后述可知,可以制造负极板主体与碳混合剂包覆层通过铅结合的、无界面剥离的坚固且使铅蓄电池在低温中的急速放电特性提高的负极板。
该碳混合剂的混合组成由第一碳材料5~70重量份、第二碳材料20~80重量份以及粘结剂1~20重量份、增粘剂0~10重量份、短纤维状补强材料0~16重量份按照期望混合进行调制。
第一碳材料对确保导电性是必要的,可以是乙炔黑或炉黑等炭黑、科琴黑(Ketjenblack)、石墨等,选择使用其中至少一种。
该第一碳材料的混合量少于5重量份时,则无法确保导电性,导致电容器容量的下降,如果超过70重量份,则导电效果饱和。更优选的量为10~60重量份。
第二碳材料对确保作为电容器和/或赝电容器的容量是必要的,可以是活性炭、炭黑、石墨等,选择使用其中至少一种。混合量少于20重量份时,则电容器容量不足,如果超过80重量份,则第一碳材料的相对比例减少,使容量降低,更优选的量为30~70重量份。
粘结剂对将第一和第二碳材料之间结合以及将这些碳材料与构成铅电池的负极表面结合以确保电连接,同时对包覆层维持多孔的状态是必要的。作为粘结剂可以是聚氯丁二烯、SBR、PTFE、PVDF等,少于1重量份时,则结合变得不充分,如果超过20重量份,则结合效果饱和,同时作为绝缘体使导电性降低。更优选的量为5~15重量份。
增粘剂对将碳混合剂调制成糊状是有用的,水性的糊状可以是CMC或MC等纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酸盐、聚乙烯醇等,有机类可以是NMP等。使用增粘剂时,干燥残留量(乾燥残分)如果超过10重量份,则合剂的导电性受损,因此干燥残留量优选在该重量份以下。
在将碳混合剂调制为糊状而在负极活性物质填充板上涂布形成其包覆层时,短纤维状补强材料对抑制因干燥而引起的龟裂的发生是有用的。其材质只要是碳、玻璃、PET、聚酯纤维等可以在硫酸酸性中稳定即可,粗度优选直径20μm以下,长度优选0.1mm~4mm。混合量如果超过16重量份,则碳材料或粘结剂的相对混合比例下降,使性能受损,同时使导电性也降低,因此混合量优选在该重量份以下。
相对于构成铅蓄电池的负极活性物质重量100重量份,碳混合剂的量优选为1~15重量份。少于1重量份时,则无法充分得到包覆的效果,如果超过15重量份,则包覆层的厚度增厚,效果饱和。更优选的碳混合剂的量为3~10重量份。多孔的碳混合剂包覆层的孔隙率优选为40%~90%。少于40%时。则电解液的移动受到阻碍,导致放电性能的下降。如果超过90%,则电容器机能效果饱和,同时厚度增厚,导致难以设计。更优选的孔隙率为50~80%。
本发明的进一步详细的实施例如下所示。
实施例1
采用公知的方法,制造用于阀控式铅蓄电池的以往的正极化成板和负极化成板。然后,在除了该负极化成板的耳部的整个两面上涂布由如下表1所示的混合组成构成的糊状碳混合剂,使以干燥重量换算为铅的填充活性物质重量的5重量%,形成其包覆层之后,在空气中于60℃下干燥1小时,形成多孔的碳混合剂包覆层,同时使铅负极活性物质氧化。此时的碳混合剂包覆层的孔隙率为75%。这样制造的负极板与采用公知的方法制造的正极板通过AGM隔板叠层,装配极板组,并将其收纳于电槽内,在正极容量限制下,装配了5小时额定容量为10Ah、2V的铅蓄电池。另外,放入隔离物使极板组的压力调制成50kPa。
接着,将溶解硫酸铝·18水盐(30g/l)的比重1.30的硫酸水溶液作为电解液注入之后,直接在1A下进行20小时充电,然后在2A下放电到电池电压达到1.75V为止。然后,再次在1A下进行15小时的充电和在2A下放电至电池电压1.75V为止,在测定5小时额定容量时,该电池的容量为10Ah。
表1
Figure BPA00001485233500061
实施例2
注入实施例1中的电解液后,在1A下进行20小时充电之前,进行1小时浸渍。除此之外,与实施例同样地制造铅蓄电池。
实施例3
将在实施例1中的负极化成板的整个两面上涂布的铅糊状碳混合剂包覆层的干燥在非氧化性的气氛中、例如在氮气氛中于60℃下进行1小时,以防止负极活性物质的氧化,与实施例1同样地装配铅蓄电池,向其中注入电解液之后,在实施例1的1A下进行20小时的充电之前,在1A下进行30小时放电,除此之外,与实施例1同样地制造铅蓄电池。
实施例4
采用公知的方法制造用于阀控式铅蓄电池的正极熟化板和负极熟化板。并且,对该负极熟化板在其整个两面上涂布该碳混合剂,使以干燥重量换算为负极活性物质重量的5重量%,形成该碳混合剂的包覆层之后,注入电解液后,在1A下充电20小时之前,进行1小时浸渍,除此之外,与实施例1同样地进行处理,制造铅蓄电池。
比较例1
将负极化成板上涂布形成的糊状碳混合剂的干燥在非氧化性的氮气氛中于60℃下干燥1小时,除此之外,与实施例1同样地进行处理,制造铅蓄电池。
低温急速放电试验
对上述实施例1~4的各铅蓄电池以及比较例1的铅蓄电池进行如下PSOC低温急速放电试验。即,将完全充电的铅蓄电池在2A下放电2.5小时成为SOC 50%之后,在-30℃下放置16小时,然后在150A下放电10秒,测定第10秒的电压。另外,实验结束之后,将各铅蓄电池解体,检查碳混合剂包覆层和负极板主体的界面有无剥离。其结果示于下表2。
表2
  电池电压   界面剥离
 实施例1   1.35V   无
 实施例2   1.45V   无
 实施例3   1.25V   无
 实施例4   1.40V   无
 比较例1   1.05V   有
由表2可知,本发明实施例1~4的铅蓄电池即使在低PSOC且极低温化下进行急速放电也可以抑制电压的下降。如各实施例1~4所述,这是在化成或者初次放电前对负极附近的铅离子进行过剩的处理的结果,之后的充电中负极活性物质填充板和碳混合剂包覆层通过其相互界面上析出的铅结合而一体化,因此可以防止界面剥离,其结果是导电性提高,电压下降得到抑制,该包覆层作为电容器的机能良好。另一方面,不进行该操作的比较例1电压的下降显著,且该界面间发生了剥离。
需要说明的是,对在负极活性物质填充板的整个单面上、或者两面或单面的一部分上涂布干燥上述碳混合剂而形成碳混合剂包覆层的填充板与实施例1~4同样地在化成或者初次充电之前,进行铅离子生成处理时,也能够制造无界面剥离的负极,同时使铅蓄电池的低温急速放电特性提高。

Claims (2)

1.铅蓄电池用负极板的制造方法,其特征在于:在负极活性物质填充板的表面的至少一部分上,形成由具有导电性的第一碳材料和具有电容器容量和/或赝电容器容量的第二碳材料构成的两种碳材料与粘结剂混合而成的碳混合剂的包覆层之后,在经过从该负极活性物质填充板向该碳混合剂包覆层内移动中使足够的铅离子生成的工序之后,进行化成或者初次充电,使铅析出,该碳混合剂包覆层与负极板的界面的至少一部分通过析出铅连接而一体化。
2.铅蓄电池,其特征在于:该铅蓄电池具备通过权利要求1所述的制造方法制造的负极板。
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