WO2012173089A1 - 全固体二次電池 - Google Patents
全固体二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012173089A1 WO2012173089A1 PCT/JP2012/064914 JP2012064914W WO2012173089A1 WO 2012173089 A1 WO2012173089 A1 WO 2012173089A1 JP 2012064914 W JP2012064914 W JP 2012064914W WO 2012173089 A1 WO2012173089 A1 WO 2012173089A1
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- electrode active
- active material
- solid
- secondary battery
- material layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an all solid state secondary battery such as an all solid state lithium ion secondary battery.
- secondary batteries such as lithium secondary batteries have been used in various applications such as portable power terminals such as portable information terminals and portable electronic devices, as well as small household electric power storage devices, motorcycles, electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles.
- Demand is increasing.
- further improvements in the safety of secondary batteries are required.
- a method of preventing liquid leakage and a method of using a solid electrolyte instead of an organic solvent electrolyte having high flammability and extremely high ignition risk at the time of leakage are effective.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an all-solid secondary battery using sulfide glass and / or sulfide glass ceramics made of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 as a solid electrolyte.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an all solid state secondary battery excellent in rate characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics. Another object of the present invention is to provide a slurry for an all solid state secondary battery used for producing such an all solid state secondary battery.
- the present inventors have used an inorganic solid electrolyte in combination with a binder composed of a particulate polymer having an average particle size of 30 to 300 nm, and an all-solid secondary
- an all-solid secondary battery excellent in rate characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained by allowing the particulate polymer to exist in a state in which the particulate state is maintained in the battery. It came.
- an all-solid secondary battery having a positive electrode active material layer, a negative electrode active material layer, and a solid electrolyte layer, the positive electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer, and the solid electrolyte layer At least one of them includes an inorganic solid electrolyte and a binder composed of a particulate polymer having an average particle size of 30 to 300 nm, and the particulate polymer includes the positive electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer, and the solid electrolyte.
- An all-solid-state secondary battery is provided, wherein the solid-state battery exists in a state in which a particle state is maintained in the layer.
- the particulate polymer has a core-shell structure.
- the shell part of the particulate polymer is composed of a polymer having a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit having an ethylene oxide skeleton.
- the core of the particulate polymer is composed of a polymer having a crosslinkable monomer unit.
- the ratio of the core part to the shell part of the particulate polymer is 70:30 to 10:90 in terms of the weight ratio of “core part: shell part”.
- the difference (Tg c ⁇ Tg s ) between the glass transition temperature (Tg c ) of the core part of the particulate polymer and the glass transition temperature (Tg s ) of the shell part. Is 30 ° C. or higher.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte is a sulfide glass containing Li, P and S and / or a sulfide glass ceramic containing Li, P and S.
- a slurry for a secondary battery is provided.
- the SP value of the nonpolar solvent is 14 to 20 MPa 1/2 .
- the slurry for all-solid-state secondary batteries for manufacturing the all-solid-state secondary battery excellent in a rate characteristic and charging / discharging cycling characteristics, and such an all-solid-state secondary battery can be provided. .
- the all solid state secondary battery of the present invention has a positive electrode active material layer, a negative electrode active material layer, and a solid electrolyte layer, and at least one of the positive electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer, and the solid electrolyte layer is A binder composed of an inorganic solid electrolyte and a particulate polymer having an average particle size of 30 to 300 nm, and the particulate polymer is contained in the positive electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer, and the solid electrolyte layer. , Characterized by existing in a state in which the particle state is maintained.
- the inorganic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it has lithium ion conductivity, sulfide glass containing Li, P and S, sulfide glass ceramics containing Li, P and S, and Li 3 N.
- LISON Li 14 Zn (GeO 4 ) 4
- perovskite type Li 0.5 La 0.5 TiO 3 LIPON (Li 3 + y PO 4 ⁇ x N x )
- Thio-LISON Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P Examples include crystalline inorganic lithium ion conductors such as 0.75 S 4 ), and among these, sulfide glass containing Li, P and S and / or Li, P and S are contained. Sulfide glass ceramics are preferred.
- Li—PS glass is a glass containing Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 , and Li 2 S and It can be manufactured by mixing P 2 S 5 at a predetermined ratio.
- sulfide glass ceramics containing Li, P and S are glass ceramics containing Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 .
- Li—PS glass obtained by mixing Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 at a predetermined ratio can be produced by firing at 150 to 360 ° C.
- the ratio of Li 2 S to P 2 S 5 in the Li—PS system glass and the Li—PS system glass ceramic is a molar ratio of Li 2 S: P 2 S 5 , preferably 65:35 to 75:25, more preferably 68:32 to 74:26.
- the lithium ion conductivity can be increased.
- the lithium ion conductivity can be preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm or more.
- the Li-PS-based glass and the Li-PS-based glass ceramic are selected from the group consisting of Al 2 S 3 , B 2 S 3 and SiS 2 as long as they do not cause a decrease in ionic conductivity. Or at least one lithium orthooxoate selected from the group consisting of Li 3 PO 4 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Li 4 GeO 4 , Li 3 BO 3 and Li 3 AlO 3. Good. By including such a sulfide and lithium orthooxo acid, the glass component in the Li—PS glass and the Li—PS glass ceramics can be stabilized.
- the average particle size of the Li—PS—S glass and Li—PS—S glass ceramic is preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m. If the average particle size is too small, the handling may be difficult. On the other hand, if the average particle size is too large, the dispersibility may be deteriorated.
- the binder used in the present invention is a particulate polymer having an average particle size of 30 to 300 nm.
- an all-solid secondary battery that can exist in a state in which the particle state is maintained, that is, on the inorganic solid electrolyte particles, on the positive electrode active material particles, and / or on the negative electrode active material particles, Any material can be used as long as it can exist in a state in which the particle state is maintained, but those having a core-shell structure are preferable.
- the “state in which the particle state is maintained” does not have to be a state in which the particle shape is completely maintained, and may be in a state in which the particle shape is maintained to some extent.
- inorganic solid electrolyte particles As a result of binding each other (or between the positive electrode active material particles and between the negative electrode active material particles), the particles may be crushed to some extent by these particles.
- the core part is preferably composed of a polymer having a crosslinkable monomer unit.
- crosslinkable monomer forming the crosslinkable monomer unit constituting the polymer constituting the core part examples include aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, and derivatives thereof; allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate And ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as diethylene glycol dimethacrylate; divinyl compounds such as N, N-divinylaniline and divinyl ether; and compounds having three or more vinyl groups.
- aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, and derivatives thereof
- allyl methacrylate ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
- ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as diethylene glycol dimethacrylate
- divinyl compounds such as N, N-divinylaniline and divinyl ether
- compounds having three or more vinyl groups examples include aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenz
- the content ratio of the crosslinkable monomer unit in the polymer constituting the core part is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 7% by weight, still more preferably 0.5 to 4% by weight. Further, the content ratio of the crosslinkable monomer unit in the particulate polymer (content ratio relative to the whole particulate polymer including the core portion and the shell portion) is preferably 0.01 to 15% by weight, more preferably. 0.05 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight. If the content of the crosslinkable monomer unit is too small, the strength of the particulate polymer may be reduced. On the other hand, if the content is too large, the core-shell structure may not be formed satisfactorily.
- the polymer constituting the core portion may contain another monomer unit copolymerizable with the crosslinkable monomer.
- copolymerizable monomers include styrene; styrene derivatives such as vinyltoluene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid Acrylic esters such as 2-ethylhexyl and dimethylaminoethyl acrylate; methacrylic esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; acrylamide, Amide compounds such as methacrylamide; olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene;
- the content of other copolymerizable monomer units in the polymer constituting the core part is preferably 90 to 99.9% by weight, more preferably 93 to 99.7% by weight, still more preferably 96 to 99.5% by weight.
- the shell portion has a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit (acrylic acid ester monomer unit and / or methacrylic acid ester monomer) having an ethylene oxide skeleton. It is preferable that it is comprised from the polymer which has the meaning of a unit. Lithium ion conductivity can be improved by making the shell part contain a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit having an ethylene oxide skeleton.
- the ethylene oxide skeleton is a polymerized unit of ethylene oxide and may be referred to as an oxyethylene skeleton.
- the (meth) acrylate monomer having an ethylene oxide skeleton forming a (meth) acrylate monomer unit having an ethylene oxide skeleton includes polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, ethoxypolyethylene Glycol (meth) acrylate, phenoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, nonylphenoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxydiethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, ethoxydiethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate Etc.
- the content of the (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer having an ethylene oxide skeleton in the polymer constituting the shell part is preferably 30 to 100% by weight, more preferably 40 to 100% by weight.
- the content ratio of the (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer unit having an ethylene oxide skeleton is too small, it is difficult to obtain an effect of improving lithium ion conductivity.
- the polymer constituting the shell portion includes other monomers that can be copolymerized with the (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer having an ethylene oxide skeleton.
- a monomer unit may be contained.
- other copolymerizable monomers those similar to the above-described core part can be used.
- the content ratio of the other copolymerizable monomer units in the polymer constituting the shell part is preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 60% by weight or less.
- the particulate polymer has a core-shell structure
- the core portion is composed of a polymer having a crosslinkable monomer unit
- the shell portion is a (meth) acryl having an ethylene oxide skeleton.
- the ratio of the core part to the shell part is preferably 70:30 to 10:90, more preferably 60:40 to the weight ratio of the core part to the shell part. 15:85, more preferably 50:50 to 20:80. If the ratio of the core part is too low, the strength may be reduced. On the other hand, if the ratio of the shell part is too low, the binding force as the binder may be reduced.
- the difference between the glass transition temperature (Tg c ) of the core part and the glass transition temperature (Tg s ) of the shell part (Tg c ⁇ Tg s ) is preferably 30 ° C. It is above, More preferably, it is 50 degreeC or more.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg c ) of the core is preferably 30 to 220 ° C., more preferably 40 to 210 ° C., and further preferably 50 to 200 ° C. If the difference in glass transition temperature (Tg c -Tg s ) is too small, the binding force as a binder may be reduced.
- the upper limit of the difference in glass transition temperature (Tg c ⁇ Tg s ) is not particularly limited, but is usually 180 ° C.
- the average particle size of the particulate polymer is 30 to 300 nm, preferably 50 to 250 m, and more preferably 70 to 200 nm. If the average particle size of the particulate polymer is too small, the stability in the case of the slurry may be deteriorated. On the other hand, if the average particle size is too large, the inorganic solid electrolyte particles (or the positive electrode active material particles, When the negative electrode active material particles) are bound together, the distance between these particles increases, and the internal resistance may increase when an all-solid secondary battery is obtained.
- the average particle size of the particulate polymer can be controlled, for example, by adjusting the type and amount of the emulsifier used when producing the particulate polymer by emulsion polymerization. Moreover, the average particle diameter of a particulate polymer can be measured by the method using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus, for example.
- the production method of the particulate polymer was obtained by first polymerizing the core monomer by an emulsion polymerization method using water as a dispersion medium.
- a method in which a polymer is used as seed particles and a shell monomer is polymerized by an emulsion polymerization method using water as a dispersion medium is simple and preferable.
- the shell monomer may be added and polymerized to form a core-shell structure, or in another reactor.
- a core-shell structure may be formed by polymerizing a shell monomer in another reactor using the formed seed particles as a core.
- the polymerization conversion rate in the polymerization reaction of the core monomer is usually 70% by weight or more, preferably 90% by weight or more. If the polymerization conversion rate is too low, it becomes difficult to form a core-shell structure.
- a method for adding the monomer for the shell a method in which the whole amount is added at once and polymerized, a part of the monomer is added for polymerization, and the remainder is added continuously or intermittently. Or a method in which a monomer is continuously added from the start of the polymerization reaction of the shell portion.
- the polymerization conversion rate in the polymerization reaction of the shell monomer is usually 70% by weight or more, preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the polymerization temperature is usually 30 to 90 ° C., preferably 40 to 80 ° C. for both polymerization of the core part and shell part, and the polymerization time is usually 0.5 to 10 hours, preferably 1 to 8 hours. It's time.
- the resulting aqueous dispersion of the particulate polymer has a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. It is preferable to carry out solvent substitution with a polar solvent to obtain a nonpolar solvent solution or dispersion having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. By replacing the solvent with a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C., it is possible to efficiently remove moisture by heating and drying in the production process. The amount of moisture can be reduced.
- the nonpolar solvent used for solvent substitution is desirably one having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C, preferably 120 to 210 ° C, more preferably 140 to 200 ° C. If a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point too low is used, it may be difficult to remove moisture in the production process. On the other hand, if a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point too high is used, it may take too much time for drying in the production process. There is.
- the nonpolar solvent used for solvent replacement preferably has an SP value (solubility parameter) of 14 to 20 MPa 1/2 , more preferably 15 to 19 MPa 1/2 , and even more preferably 16 to 18 MPa 1/2 . is there. If a nonpolar solvent having an SP value that is too low, the dispersibility of the polymer particles may be reduced. On the other hand, if a nonpolar solvent having an SP value that is too high is used, the nonpolar solvent tends to react with the inorganic solid electrolyte. The properties of the obtained all-solid-state secondary battery may be adversely affected.
- SP value solubility parameter
- nonpolar solvent used for such solvent substitution examples include n-octane (boiling point 125 ° C., SP value 15.6), isooctane (boiling point 117 ° C., SP value 14.1), toluene (boiling point 111 ° C., SP value 18.2), o-xylene (boiling point 144 ° C., SP value 18.5), m-xylene (boiling point 139 ° C., SP value 18.0), p-xylene (boiling point 138 ° C., SP value 18.0) ), Styrene (boiling point 145 ° C., SP value 19.0), ethylbenzene (boiling point 136 ° C., SP value 18.0), decalin (boiling point 185 ° C., SP value 18.0), and the like.
- the solid electrolyte layer constituting the all solid state secondary battery of the present invention contains a solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte layer preferably contains the inorganic solid electrolyte described above and the particulate polymer as the binder described above, and is obtained by adopting such a configuration.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery can be excellent in rate characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the content of the particulate polymer in the solid electrolyte layer is preferably 0.05 to 8 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 6 parts by weight, still more preferably 100 parts by weight of the inorganic solid electrolyte. 0.2 to 4 parts by weight.
- the content of the particulate polymer in the solid electrolyte layer is preferably 0.05 to 8 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 6 parts by weight, still more preferably 100 parts by weight of the inorganic solid electrolyte. 0.2 to 4 parts by weight.
- Examples of the method for forming the solid electrolyte layer include a method in which a solid electrolyte layer slurry containing an inorganic solid electrolyte, a particulate polymer, and an organic solvent is prepared, the prepared solid electrolyte layer slurry is applied to a substrate, and dried. .
- the particulate polymer As the particulate polymer, as described above, it is preferable to use a solution or dispersion dissolved or dispersed in a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. In this case, it is contained in the solid electrolyte layer slurry.
- the organic solvent to be used it is preferable to use a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. as described above. That is, the solid electrolyte layer slurry preferably contains an inorganic solid electrolyte, a particulate polymer, and a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C.
- the method of mixing the above-described components in preparing the solid electrolyte layer slurry is not particularly limited, but for example, dispersion kneading such as a homogenizer, ball mill, bead mill, planetary mixer, sand mill, roll mill, and planetary kneader
- dispersion kneading such as a homogenizer, ball mill, bead mill, planetary mixer, sand mill, roll mill, and planetary kneader
- the method using an apparatus is mentioned, The method using a planetary mixer, a ball mill, or a bead mill from a viewpoint that aggregation of an inorganic solid electrolyte can be suppressed is preferable.
- the content of the nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. in the solid electrolyte layer slurry is preferably 5 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 60 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the inorganic solid electrolyte. More preferably, it is 20 to 50 parts by weight. If the content of the nonpolar solvent is too small, it may be difficult to form a film with a desired film thickness. On the other hand, if the content is too large, it may take time to remove the solvent.
- the solid electrolyte layer slurry may further contain other components such as a dispersant, a leveling agent, and an antifoaming agent. These are not particularly limited as long as they do not affect the battery reaction.
- the dispersant examples include anionic compounds, cationic compounds, nonionic compounds, and polymer compounds.
- the content of the dispersing agent in the solid electrolyte layer slurry is preferably within a range that does not affect the battery characteristics. Specifically, it is preferably 10 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the inorganic solid electrolyte.
- leveling agent examples include surfactants such as alkyl surfactants, silicone surfactants, fluorine surfactants, and metal surfactants.
- surfactants such as alkyl surfactants, silicone surfactants, fluorine surfactants, and metal surfactants.
- the content of the leveling agent in the solid electrolyte layer slurry is preferably in a range that does not affect the battery characteristics. Specifically, it is preferably 10 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the inorganic solid electrolyte.
- antifoaming agents examples include mineral oil antifoaming agents, silicone antifoaming agents, and polymer antifoaming agents.
- the content of the leveling agent in the solid electrolyte layer slurry is preferably in a range that does not affect the battery characteristics. Specifically, it is preferably 10 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the inorganic solid electrolyte.
- the positive electrode active material layer constituting the all solid state secondary battery of the present invention contains a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material layer preferably contains the inorganic solid electrolyte described above and the particulate polymer as the binder described above in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material is a compound that can occlude and release lithium ions.
- the positive electrode active material is roughly classified into those made of inorganic compounds and those made of organic compounds.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material made of an inorganic compound include transition metal oxides, composite oxides of lithium and transition metals, and transition metal sulfides.
- Examples of the transition metal include Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and the like.
- Specific examples of the positive electrode active material made of an inorganic compound include lithium-containing composite metal oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiFeVO 4 ; TiS 2 , TiS 3 , amorphous Transition metal sulfides such as MoS 2 ; transition metal oxides such as Cu 2 V 2 O 3 , amorphous V 2 O—P 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , V 6 O 13 ; It is done. These compounds may be partially element-substituted.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material made of an organic compound include polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacene, disulfide compounds, polysulfide compounds, and N-fluoropyridinium salts. Moreover, as a positive electrode active material, the mixture of the inorganic compound mentioned above and an organic compound may be sufficient.
- the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material is preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics such as rate characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the average particle size of the positive electrode active material can be obtained by measuring the particle size distribution by laser diffraction.
- the content of the inorganic solid electrolyte in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 5 to 95 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 90 parts by weight, and still more preferably 20 to 80 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material. Part. If the content of the inorganic solid electrolyte is too small, the ionic conductivity in the positive electrode active material layer becomes insufficient, the positive electrode active material is not effectively used, and the capacity of the obtained all-solid secondary battery may be reduced. There is.
- the content of the particulate polymer in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by weight with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte. Part by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the content of the particulate polymer in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by weight with respect to a total of 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte. Part by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the positive electrode active material layer further includes other components such as a conductivity imparting material, a reinforcing material, a dispersant, a leveling agent, an antioxidant, a thickener, and an electrolyte decomposition inhibitor. It may be.
- Examples of the conductivity imparting material include conductive carbon such as acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon black and graphite, and fibers and foils of various metals.
- conductive carbon such as acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon black and graphite
- fibers and foils of various metals By including a conductivity-imparting material in the positive electrode active material layer, the rate characteristics of the obtained all-solid-state secondary battery can be improved.
- the content of the conductivity imparting material in the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode active material layer slurry containing a positive electrode active material, an inorganic solid electrolyte, a particulate polymer, an organic solvent, and other components such as a conductivity-imparting material added as necessary As a method for forming a positive electrode active material layer, a positive electrode active material layer slurry containing a positive electrode active material, an inorganic solid electrolyte, a particulate polymer, an organic solvent, and other components such as a conductivity-imparting material added as necessary And a method of applying the prepared positive electrode active material layer slurry on a current collector and drying it.
- the particulate polymer As the particulate polymer, as described above, it is preferable to use a solution or dispersion dissolved or dispersed in a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C.
- a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. As the organic solvent contained, it is preferable to use a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. as described above. That is, the positive electrode active material layer slurry is added to other materials such as a positive electrode active material, an inorganic solid electrolyte, a particulate polymer, a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C., and a conductivity-imparting material added as necessary. It is preferable to contain a component.
- the method of mixing the above-described components is not particularly limited.
- dispersion such as a homogenizer, a ball mill, a bead mill, a planetary mixer, a sand mill, a roll mill, and a planetary kneader
- a method using a kneading apparatus can be mentioned, and a method using a planetary mixer, a ball mill or a bead mill is preferable from the viewpoint that aggregation of the positive electrode active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte can be suppressed.
- the content of the nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. in the positive electrode active material layer slurry is preferably 5 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably 100 parts by weight in total of the positive electrode active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte. Is 10 to 60 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight. If the content of the nonpolar solvent is too small, it may be difficult to form a film with a desired film thickness. On the other hand, if the content is too large, it may take time to remove the solvent.
- the positive electrode active material layer slurry may contain other components such as a dispersant, a leveling agent, and an antifoaming agent in the same manner as the above-described solid electrolyte layer slurry. These are not particularly limited as long as they do not affect the battery reaction.
- the negative electrode active material layer constituting the all solid state secondary battery of the present invention contains a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material layer preferably contains the inorganic solid electrolyte described above and the particulate polymer as the binder described above in addition to the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material is a carbonaceous material such as amorphous carbon, graphite, natural graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, pitch-based carbon fiber; conductive polymer such as polyacene; metal such as silicon, tin, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel Or alloys thereof; oxides or sulfates of the above metals or alloys; lithium metal; lithium alloys such as Li—Al, Li—Bi—Cd, Li—Sn—Cd; lithium transition metal nitrides; silicon; be able to.
- a negative electrode active material having a conductivity imparting material attached to the surface by a mechanical modification method can also be used.
- the average particle diameter of the negative electrode active material is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 30 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics such as initial charge / discharge efficiency, rate characteristics, and charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the average particle size of the negative electrode active material can be determined by measuring the particle size distribution by laser diffraction.
- the content of the inorganic solid electrolyte in the negative electrode active material layer is preferably 5 to 95 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 90 parts by weight, and still more preferably 20 to 80 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material. Part. If the content of the inorganic solid electrolyte is too small, the ionic conductivity in the negative electrode active material layer becomes insufficient, the negative electrode active material is not effectively used, and the capacity of the obtained all-solid secondary battery may be reduced. There is.
- the content of the particulate polymer in the negative electrode active material layer is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total of the negative electrode active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte. Part by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the content of the particulate polymer in the negative electrode active material layer is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total of the negative electrode active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte. Part by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the negative electrode active material layer is further provided with a conductivity imparting material, a reinforcing material, a dispersant, a leveling agent, an antioxidant, a thickener, and an electrolytic solution decomposition inhibitor.
- a conductivity imparting material e.g., a conductivity imparting material, a reinforcing material, a dispersant, a leveling agent, an antioxidant, a thickener, and an electrolytic solution decomposition inhibitor.
- a conductivity imparting material e.g., a reinforcing material, a dispersant, a leveling agent, an antioxidant, a thickener, and an electrolytic solution decomposition inhibitor.
- a negative electrode active material layer slurry containing a negative electrode active material, an inorganic solid electrolyte, a particulate polymer, an organic solvent, and other components such as a conductivity imparting agent added as necessary As a method for forming the negative electrode active material layer, a negative electrode active material layer slurry containing a negative electrode active material, an inorganic solid electrolyte, a particulate polymer, an organic solvent, and other components such as a conductivity imparting agent added as necessary And a method of applying the prepared negative electrode active material layer slurry onto a negative electrode current collector and drying it.
- the particulate polymer As the particulate polymer, as described above, it is preferable to use a solution or dispersion dissolved or dispersed in a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. In this case, the negative electrode active material layer slurry is used.
- the organic solvent contained it is preferable to use a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. as described above. That is, the negative electrode active material layer slurry is added to other materials such as a negative electrode active material, an inorganic solid electrolyte, a particulate polymer, a nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C., and a conductivity-imparting material added as necessary. It is preferable to contain a component.
- the method of mixing the above-described components is not particularly limited.
- dispersion such as a homogenizer, a ball mill, a bead mill, a planetary mixer, a sand mill, a roll mill, and a planetary kneader
- a method using a kneading apparatus can be mentioned, and a method using a planetary mixer, a ball mill or a bead mill is preferable from the viewpoint that aggregation of the negative electrode active material layer and the inorganic solid electrolyte can be suppressed.
- the content of the nonpolar solvent having a boiling point of 100 to 220 ° C. in the negative electrode active material layer slurry is preferably 5 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably 100 parts by weight in total of the negative electrode active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte. Is 10 to 60 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight. If the content of the nonpolar solvent is too small, it may be difficult to form a film with a desired film thickness. On the other hand, if the content is too large, it may take time to remove the solvent.
- the negative electrode active material layer slurry may contain other components such as a dispersant, a leveling agent, and an antifoaming agent, in addition to the above-described components, in the same manner as the solid electrolyte layer slurry described above. These are not particularly limited as long as they do not affect the battery reaction.
- the all solid state secondary battery of the present invention has the above-described positive electrode active material layer, negative electrode active material layer, and solid electrolyte layer.
- the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is preferably 1 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 13 ⁇ m, and further preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the internal resistance of the all-solid secondary battery can be reduced. If the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is too thin, a short circuit may occur. On the other hand, if the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is too thick, the internal resistance of the all-solid secondary battery may be increased.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention forms the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer by separately applying the positive electrode active material layer slurry and the negative electrode active material layer slurry on the current collector and drying them. And applying the solid electrolyte layer slurry to the surface of one of the obtained positive electrode active material layer and negative electrode active material layer and drying to form the solid electrolyte layer, and the active material layer having the solid electrolyte layer formed thereon, In addition, the active material layer in which the solid electrolyte layer is not formed can be manufactured by pasting together through the solid electrolyte layer.
- the method of applying the positive electrode active material layer slurry and the negative electrode active material layer slurry onto the current collector is not particularly limited.
- the doctor blade method, the dip method, the reverse roll method, the direct roll method, the gravure method, the extrusion It is applied by the method or brushing.
- the coating amount of the positive electrode active material layer slurry and the negative electrode active material layer slurry is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer formed after removing the solvent is preferably 5 to 300 ⁇ m. More preferably, the amount is about 10 to 250 ⁇ m.
- drying by warm air, a hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, irradiation by irradiation of (far) infrared rays, an electron beam, etc. is mentioned.
- the drying temperature is preferably 50 to 250 ° C., more preferably 80 to 200 ° C.
- the drying time is preferably in the range of 10 to 60 minutes.
- the current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is an electrically conductive and electrochemically durable material. From the viewpoint of having heat resistance, for example, iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, etc. Metal materials such as steel, titanium, tantalum, gold, and platinum are preferable. In particular, aluminum is suitably used for the positive electrode and copper is suitably used for the negative electrode.
- the shape of the current collector is not particularly limited, but a sheet shape having a thickness of about 0.001 to 0.5 mm is preferable.
- the current collector is preferably used after roughening in advance. Examples of the roughening method include a mechanical polishing method, an electrolytic polishing method, and a chemical polishing method. In the mechanical polishing method, an abrasive cloth paper with a fixed abrasive particle, a grindstone, an emery buff, a wire brush provided with a steel wire or the like is used.
- the laminate obtained by bonding them is pressurized. May be.
- the pressurizing method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a flat plate press, a roll press, and CIP (Cold Isostatic Press).
- the pressure at the time of pressing is preferably 5 to 700 MPa, more preferably 7 to 500 MPa.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery of the present invention may be put in a battery container by being wound or folded and sealed in accordance with a desired battery shape.
- the all-solid-state secondary battery of this invention may attach an expanded metal, an overcurrent prevention element, such as a fuse and a PTC element, a lead board, etc. as needed.
- the shape of the battery may be any of a coin shape, a button shape, a sheet shape, a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a flat shape, and the like.
- the water content in the all solid state secondary battery is preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 200 ppm or less, and even more preferably 100 ppm or less. If the amount of water is too high, the inorganic solid electrolyte reacts due to the action of water, and the battery characteristics may deteriorate.
- a nonpolar boiling point 100 to 220 ° C. By using the solvent, water can be appropriately removed in the production process, and thereby the amount of water contained in the all-solid secondary battery can be reduced.
- the all solid state secondary battery of the present invention contains the above-mentioned particulate polymer having an average particle size of 30 to 300 nm as a binder, and such a particulate polymer having an average particle size of 30 to 300 nm is In the all-solid-state secondary battery (in the positive electrode active material layer, in the negative electrode active material layer, in the solid electrolyte layer), the particle state is maintained. And, by maintaining the particle state, the components constituting the all-solid-state secondary battery are well bound without hindering ion conduction and electron conduction in the all-solid-state secondary battery. is there.
- the thus obtained all solid state secondary battery of the present invention is excellent in rate characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics. Therefore, it can be suitably used for various applications such as portable terminals such as portable information terminals and portable electronic devices, small household electric power storage devices, motorcycles, electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles.
- the same measurement is performed on 10 cells, and the average value of the battery capacity at the time of 0.1 C discharge and at the time of 5 C discharge is obtained for 10 cells, and the average battery capacity at the time of 0.1 C discharge Cap 0.1 C And 5C discharge capacity retention ratio, which is a ratio ((Cap 5C / Cap 0.1C ) ⁇ 100%) to the average battery capacity Cap 5C during 5C discharge.
- the rate characteristics were evaluated according to the following criteria. In addition, since it is judged that the capacity maintenance rate at the time of 5C discharge is high, the discharge capacity at the time of high rate (5C) discharge is high, and it can be judged that it is excellent in a rate characteristic, It is preferable.
- Capacity maintenance ratio during 5C discharge is 80% or more
- B: Capacity maintenance ratio during 5C discharge is 70% or more and less than 80%
- C: Capacity maintenance ratio during 5C discharge is 50% or more and less than 70%
- D: Capacity during 5C discharge Maintenance rate is 30% or more and less than 50%
- Capacity maintenance ratio at 50 cycles is 60% or more
- B: Capacity maintenance ratio at 50 cycles is 55% or more and less than 60%
- C: Capacity maintenance ratio at 50 cycles is 50% or more and less than 55%
- D: Capacity at 50 cycles Maintenance rate is 45% or more and less than 50%
- E: Capacity maintenance rate at 50 cycles is less than 45%
- Example 1 Production of core-shell polymer particles A
- a pressure-resistant autoclave of 50 kgf / cm 2 with a stirrer 200 parts of methyl methacrylate, 50 parts of styrene, 5 parts of divinylbenzene as a crosslinkable monomer, 10 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, ion exchange 400 parts of water and 10 parts of azobisbutyronitrile as a polymerization initiator were charged, stirred sufficiently, and then heated to 80 ° C. for polymerization.
- the average particle size of the core-shell type polymer particles A was 120 nm.
- Table 1 shows the difference (Tg c -Tg s ) between the glass transition temperature (Tg c ) of the core part of the core-shell polymer particle A and the glass transition temperature (Tg s ) of the shell part, the core part and the shell part in the particle And the content ratio of divinylbenzene units as crosslinkable monomer units in the particles.
- decalin dispersion 15,000 parts of decalin is added to the latex of the core-shell type polymer particles A obtained above, and after sufficiently dispersing, moisture is removed by drying under reduced pressure to obtain a decalin dispersion of the core-shell type polymer particles A. It was. The solid content concentration of the obtained dispersion was 5%. In addition, it was 72 ppm when the moisture content was measured about the decalin dispersion liquid of the obtained core-shell type polymer particle A.
- decalin dispersion of A 5 parts in terms of solid content
- the positive electrode active material layer slurry obtained above was applied to the surface of the aluminum current collector, dried at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes, and a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was obtained. Obtained.
- the negative electrode active material layer slurry obtained above was applied to the surface of the copper current collector, dried at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes, and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m was obtained. Obtained.
- the solid electrolyte layer slurry obtained above is applied to the surface of the positive electrode active material layer of the positive electrode obtained above, and dried at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a solid electrolyte layer having a thickness of 11 ⁇ m. It was. Then, the solid electrolyte layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode obtained above were bonded together and pressed at 10 MPa to obtain an all-solid secondary battery. In addition, the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer of the all-solid-state secondary battery after pressing was 9 ⁇ m. Then, using the obtained all solid state secondary battery, the rate characteristics and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics were evaluated according to the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 A decalin dispersion of core-shell polymer particles B was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate used for polymerization was changed from 10 parts to 40 parts.
- the obtained core-shell polymer particles B had an average particle size of 60 nm.
- each slurry was prepared like Example 1 except having used the decalin dispersion liquid of the obtained core-shell type polymer particle B as a binder, manufacturing an all-solid-state secondary battery, and carrying out. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A decalin dispersion of core-shell polymer particles C was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate used for polymerization was changed from 10 parts to 4 parts.
- the obtained core-shell polymer particles C had an average particle size of 250 nm.
- each slurry was prepared like Example 1 except having used the decalin dispersion liquid of the obtained core-shell type polymer particle C as a binder, and an all-solid-state secondary battery was manufactured, and it carried out. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 When preparing the positive electrode active material layer slurry, the blending amount of the decalin dispersion of the core-shell type polymer particles A is changed from 100 parts (5 parts in terms of solids) to 350 parts (17.5 parts in terms of solids). Except for the changes, each slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an all-solid secondary battery, and evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 When preparing the negative electrode active material layer slurry, the blending amount of the decalin dispersion of the core-shell polymer particles A is changed from 60 parts (3 parts in terms of solids) to 210 parts (10.5 parts in terms of solids). Except for the changes, each slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an all-solid secondary battery, and evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 In a pressure-resistant autoclave of 50 kgf / cm 2 with a stirrer, 200 parts of methyl methacrylate, 150 parts of styrene, 5 parts of divinylbenzene as a crosslinkable monomer, 10 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 1200 parts of ion-exchanged water, polymerization initiator was charged with 10 parts of azobisbutyronitrile and sufficiently stirred, and then heated to 80 ° C. for polymerization. Then, after the start of polymerization, when the consumption amount of the monomer reached 99.8%, the polymerization reaction was stopped by cooling to obtain latex of polymer particles D.
- the resulting polymer particle D had a latex solid content concentration of 39%.
- the polymer particles D are particles that do not have a core-shell structure. Moreover, the average particle diameter of the obtained polymer particle D was 190 nm.
- 15,000 parts of decalin was added to the latex of the obtained polymer particles D, sufficiently dispersed, and then water was removed by drying under reduced pressure to obtain a decalin dispersion of polymer particles D.
- the solid content concentration of the obtained dispersion was 5%.
- Example 7 As a monomer constituting the shell part, instead of 400 parts of nonylphenoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (polyethylene glycol # 200 dimethacrylate (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., functional acrylate funkril “FA-220M”)) 300 A decalin dispersion of core-shell polymer particles E was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the parts were used. The average particle diameter of the obtained core-shell polymer particles E was 150 nm.
- each slurry was prepared like Example 1 except having used the decalin dispersion liquid of the obtained core shell type polymer particle E as a binder, and an all-solid-state secondary battery was manufactured, and it carried out. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 A decalin dispersion of core-shell polymer particles F was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 400 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was used instead of 400 parts of nonylphenoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate as the monomer constituting the shell part. Obtained.
- the obtained core-shell polymer particles F had an average particle size of 130 nm.
- each slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the decalin dispersion of the obtained core-shell type polymer particles F was used as a binder, and an all-solid secondary battery was manufactured. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 9 A decalin dispersion of core-shell polymer particles G was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 200 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was used in place of 200 parts of methyl methacrylate as a monomer constituting the core part. .
- the obtained core-shell polymer particles G had an average particle size of 170 nm.
- each slurry was prepared like Example 1 except having used the decalin dispersion liquid of the obtained core-shell type polymer particle G as a binder, and an all-solid-state secondary battery was manufactured, and it carried out. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 A decalin dispersion of core-shell polymer particles H is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that divinylbenzene is not used as the monomer constituting the core part, but only 200 parts of methyl methacrylate and 50 parts of styrene are used. It was. The average particle diameter of the obtained core-shell type polymer particles H was 120 nm. And each slurry was prepared like Example 1 except having used the decalin dispersion liquid of the obtained core-shell type polymer particle H as a binder, and an all-solid-state secondary battery was manufactured, and it carried out. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 The xylene of the core-shell type polymer particles A was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 15,000 parts of xylene was used instead of 15,000 parts of decalin as the solvent used for solvent substitution of the latex of the core-shell type polymer particles A. A dispersion was obtained. Each slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the xylene dispersion of the obtained core-shell polymer particles A was used as a binder, and an all-solid secondary battery was manufactured. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 12 Toluene of the core-shell type polymer particle A is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 15,000 parts of toluene is used instead of 15,000 parts of decalin as a solvent used for solvent substitution of the latex of the core-shell type polymer particles A. A dispersion was obtained. Then, each slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the toluene dispersion of the obtained core-shell type polymer particles A was used as a binder, and an all-solid secondary battery was manufactured. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 Each slurry was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dehydrated methyl acrylate-n-butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile copolymer I obtained above was used as the binder. was prepared, and an all-solid secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the content of the binder in the positive electrode active material layer is the content when the total of the positive electrode active material and the inorganic solid electrolyte particles is 100 parts. Moreover, content of the binder in a negative electrode active material layer showed content when the sum total of a negative electrode active material and an inorganic solid electrolyte particle was 100 parts. Furthermore, the content of the binder in the solid electrolyte layer indicates the content when the inorganic solid electrolyte particles are 100 parts.
- the obtained all-solid-state secondary battery has excellent rate characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics. (Examples 1 to 12).
- these particulate polymers are contained in the all-solid secondary battery (in the positive electrode active material layer, in the negative electrode active material layer, And in the solid electrolyte layer) both existed in a state of maintaining the particle state.
- the binder coats the positive electrode active material particles, the negative electrode active material particles, and the solid electrolyte particles, and the electronic conductivity and the ionic conductivity are reduced. Inhibition occurred, and the obtained all-solid-state secondary battery was inferior in rate characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics (Comparative Example 1).
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Abstract
Description
本発明の全固体二次電池において、好ましくは、前記粒子状ポリマーのシェル部が、エチレンオキシド骨格を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位を有するポリマーから構成されるものである。
本発明の全固体二次電池において、好ましくは、前記粒子状ポリマーのコア部が、架橋性単量体単位を有するポリマーから構成されるものである。
本発明の全固体二次電池において、好ましくは、前記粒子状ポリマーのコア部とシェル部との割合が、「コア部:シェル部」の重量比率で、70:30~10:90である。
本発明の全固体二次電池において、好ましくは、前記粒子状ポリマーのコア部のガラス転移温度(Tgc)と、シェル部のガラス転移温度(Tgs)との差(Tgc-Tgs)が30℃以上である。
本発明の全固体二次電池において、好ましくは、前記無機固体電解質が、Li、PおよびSを含有する硫化物ガラスおよび/またはLi、PおよびSを含有する硫化物ガラスセラミックスである。
本発明の全固体二次電池用スラリーにおいて、好ましくは、前記非極性溶媒のSP値が14~20MPa1/2である。
まず、本発明で用いる無機固体電解質について説明する。
無機固体電解質としては、リチウムイオンの伝導性を有するものであれば特に限定されず、Li、PおよびSを含有する硫化物ガラス、Li、PおよびSを含有する硫化物ガラスセラミックス、Li3N、LISICON(Li14Zn(GeO4)4、ペロブスカイト型Li0.5La0.5TiO3、LIPON(Li3+yPO4-xNx)、Thio-LISICON(Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4)などの結晶性の無機リチウムイオン伝導体などが挙げられるが、これらのなかでも、Li、PおよびSを含有する硫化物ガラス、および/またはLi、PおよびSを含有する硫化物ガラスセラミックスが好ましい。
次いで、本発明で用いる結着剤について説明する。
本発明で用いる結着剤は、平均粒径30~300nmの粒子状ポリマーである。粒子状ポリマーとしては、全固体二次電池内において、粒子状態を保持した状態で存在可能なもの、すなわち、無機固体電解質粒子上、正極活物質粒子上、および/または負極活物質粒子上に、粒子状態を保持した状態で存在可能なものであればよいが、コアシェル構造を有するものが好ましい。
本発明の全固体二次電池を構成する固体電解質層は、固体電解質を含有するものである。本発明においては、固体電解質層としては、上述した無機固体電解質と、上述した結着剤としての粒子状ポリマーとを含有するものであることが好ましく、このような構成とすることで、得られる全固体二次電池をレート特性および充放電サイクル特性に優れたものとすることができる。
本発明の全固体二次電池を構成する正極活物質層は、正極活物質を含有するものである。本発明においては、正極活物質層としては、正極活物質に加え、上述した無機固体電解質と、上述した結着剤としての粒子状ポリマーとを含有するものであることが好ましく、このような構成とすることで、得られる全固体二次電池をレート特性および充放電サイクル特性に優れたものとすることができる。
本発明の全固体二次電池を構成する負極活物質層は、負極活物質を含有するものである。本発明においては、負極活物質層としては、負極活物質に加え、上述した無機固体電解質と、上述した結着剤としての粒子状ポリマーとを含有するものであることが好ましく、このような構成とすることで、得られる全固体二次電池をレート特性および充放電サイクル特性に優れたものとすることができる。
本発明の全固体二次電池は、上述した正極活物質層と、負極活物質層と、固体電解質層とを有する。
なお、各特性の定義および評価方法は、以下のとおりである。
各実施例および比較例で得られた二次電池について、充電レート0.1Cとした定電流法により、4.2Vまで充電を行なった後、放電レート0.1Cにて、3.0Vまで放電することにより、0.1C放電時の電池容量を求めた。次いで、充電レート0.1Cとした定電流法により、4.2Vまで充電を行なった後、放電レート5Cにて、3.0Vまで放電することにより、5C放電時の電池容量を求めた。そして、同様の測定を10個のセルについて行い、10個のセルについて、0.1C放電時および5C放電時の電池容量の平均値を求め、0.1C放電時の平均電池容量Cap0.1Cと、5C放電時の平均電池容量Cap5Cとの比((Cap5C/Cap0.1C)×100%)である5C放電時容量維持率を求めた。そして、得られた5C放電時容量維持率に基づき、以下の基準にて、レート特性を評価した。なお、5C放電時容量維持率が高いほど、ハイレート(5C)放電時の放電容量が高く、レート特性に優れると判断できるため、好ましい。
A:5C放電時容量維持率が80%以上
B:5C放電時容量維持率が70%以上、80%未満
C:5C放電時容量維持率が50%以上、70%未満
D:5C放電時容量維持率が30%以上、50%未満
E:5C放電時容量維持率が30%未満
各実施例および比較例で得られた二次電池について、温度25℃の条件にて、充電レート0.1Cとした定電流法により、4.2Vまで充電を行なった後、放電レート0.5Cにて、3.0Vまで放電する充放電試験を50回繰り返した。そして、1回目の充放電試験における放電容量Cap1stと、50回目の充放電試験における放電容量Cap50thとの比((Cap50th/Cap1st)×100%)である50サイクル時容量維持率を求めた。そして、得られた50サイクル時容量維持率に基づき、以下の基準にて、充放電サイクル特性を評価した。なお、50サイクル時容量維持率が高いほど、サイクル試験を行った際の50サイクル目における劣化が少なく、充放電サイクル特性に優れると判断できるため、好ましい。
A:50サイクル時容量維持率が60%以上
B:50サイクル時容量維持率が55%以上、60%未満
C:50サイクル時容量維持率が50%以上、55%未満
D:50サイクル時容量維持率が45%以上、50%未満
E:50サイクル時容量維持率が45%未満
コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aの製造
攪拌機付き50kgf/cm2の耐圧オートクレーブに、メタクリル酸メチル200部、スチレン50部、架橋性単量体としてのジビニルベンゼン5部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム10部、イオン交換水400部、重合開始剤としてのアゾビスブチロニトリル10部を仕込み、十分攪拌した後、80℃に加温して重合を行なった。そして、重合開始後、モノマーの消費量が98%となった時点で、ノニルフェノキシポリエチレングリコールアクリレート(日立化成工業社製、機能性アクリレートファンクリル「FA-314A」)400部、およびスチレン100部、イオン交換水800部、および重合開始剤としてのアゾビスブチロニトリル10部を添加し、十分に混合して、80℃にて重合を行なった。そして、重合開始後、モノマーの消費量が99.8%となった時点で、冷却して重合反応を停止することで、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのラテックスを得た。得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのラテックスの固形分濃度は39%であった。また、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aの平均粒径は120nmであった。表1に、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのコア部のガラス転移温度(Tgc)とシェル部のガラス転移温度(Tgs)との差(Tgc-Tgs)、粒子中のコア部およびシェル部の割合、ならびに、架橋性単量体単位としてのジビニルベンゼン単位の粒子中における含有割合を示す。
攪拌槽に、正極活物質としてのコバルト酸リチウム(平均粒径:11.5μm)100部、無機固体電解質粒子としてのLi2SとP2S5とからなる硫化物ガラス(Li2S/P2S5=70mol%/30mol%、平均粒径:5μm)150部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラック13部、上記にて得られた結着剤としてのコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのデカリン分散液100部(固形分換算で5部)を添加し、ここに固形分濃度が78%となるようにデカリンを加え、プラネタリーミキサーで60分間混合し、次いで、固形分濃度が74%となるようにデカリンをさらに加えて、10分間混合することで、正極活物質層スラリーを得た。
攪拌槽に、負極活物質としてのグラファイト(平均粒径:20μm)100部と、固体電解質粒子としてのLi2SとP2S5とからなる硫化物ガラス(Li2S/P2S5=70mol%/30mol%、平均粒径:5μm)50部と、上記にて得られた結着剤としてのコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのデカリン分散液60部(固形分換算で3部)を添加し、ここに固形分濃度が60%となるようにデカリンを加え、プラネタリーミキサーで60分間混合することで、負極活物質層スラリーを得た。
攪拌槽に、固体電解質粒子としてのLi2SとP2S5とからなる硫化物ガラス(Li2S/P2S5=70mol%/30mol%、平均粒径:5μm)100部と、上記にて得られた結着剤としてのコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのデカリン分散液20部(固形分換算で1部)を添加し、ここに固形分濃度が30%となるようにデカリンを加え、プラネタリーミキサーで60分間混合することで、固体電解質層スラリーを得た。
アルミニウム集電体表面に、上記にて得られた正極活物質層スラリーを塗布し、120℃、20分間乾燥を行い、厚さ50μmの正極活物質層を有する正極を得た。また、これとは別に、銅集電体表面に、上記にて得られた負極活物質層スラリーを塗布し、120℃、20分間乾燥を行い、厚さ30μmの負極活物質層を有する負極を得た。
重合を行なう際に使用するドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムの添加量を10部から40部に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Bのデカリン分散液を得た。得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Bの平均粒径は60nmであった。そして、結着剤として、得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Bのデカリン分散液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
重合を行なう際に使用するドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムの添加量を10部から4部に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Cのデカリン分散液を得た。得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Cの平均粒径は250nmであった。そして、結着剤として、得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Cのデカリン分散液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
正極活物質層スラリーを調製する際に、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのデカリン分散液の配合量を、100部(固形分換算で5部)から、350部(固形分換算で17.5部)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
負極活物質層スラリーを調製する際に、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのデカリン分散液の配合量を、60部(固形分換算で3部)から、210部(固形分換算で10.5部)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
攪拌機付き50kgf/cm2の耐圧オートクレーブに、メタクリル酸メチル200部、スチレン150部、架橋性単量体としてのジビニルベンゼン5部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム10部、イオン交換水1200部、重合開始剤としてのアゾビスブチロニトリル10部を仕込み、十分攪拌した後、80℃に加温して重合を行なった。そして、重合開始後、モノマーの消費量が99.8%となった時点で、冷却して重合反応を停止することで、ポリマー粒子Dのラテックスを得た。得られたポリマー粒子Dのラテックスの固形分濃度は39%であった。なお、ポリマー粒子Dは、コアシェル構造を有しない粒子である。また、得られたポリマー粒子Dの平均粒径は190nmであった。次いで、得られたポリマー粒子Dのラテックスにデカリン15,000部加え、十分に分散した後、減圧乾燥により水分を除去することによって、ポリマー粒子Dのデカリン分散液を得た。得られた分散液の固形分濃度は5%であった。
シェル部を構成するモノマーとして、ノニルフェノキシポリエチレングリコールアクリレート400部の代わりに、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート(ポリエチレングリコール#200ジメタクリレート(日立化成工業社製、機能性アクリレートファンクリル「FA-220M」))300部を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Eのデカリン分散液を得た。得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Eの平均粒径は150nmであった。そして、結着剤として、得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Eのデカリン分散液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
シェル部を構成するモノマーとして、ノニルフェノキシポリエチレングリコールアクリレート400部の代わりに、アクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル400部を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Fのデカリン分散液を得た。得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Fの平均粒径は130nmであった。そして、結着剤として、得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Fのデカリン分散液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
コア部を構成するモノマーとして、メタクリル酸メチル200部の代わりに、アクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル200部を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Gのデカリン分散液を得た。得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Gの平均粒径は170nmであった。そして、結着剤として、得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Gのデカリン分散液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
コア部を構成するモノマーとして、ジビニルベンゼンを使用せず、メタクリル酸メチル200部およびスチレン50部のみを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Hのデカリン分散液を得た。得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Hの平均粒径は120nmであった。そして、結着剤として、得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Hのデカリン分散液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのラテックスの溶媒置換に用いる溶媒として、デカリン15,000部に代えて、キシレン15,000部を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのキシレン分散液を得た。そして、結着剤として、得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのキシレン分散液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのラテックスの溶媒置換に用いる溶媒として、デカリン15,000部に代えて、トルエン15,000部を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、コアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのトルエン分散液を得た。そして、結着剤として、得られたコアシェル型ポリマー粒子Aのトルエン分散液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
攪拌機付き50kgf/cm2の耐圧オートクレーブに、アクリル酸メチル100部、アクリル酸n-ブチル100部、アクリロニトリル30部、デカリン400部および重合開始剤としての過酸化ベンゾイル0.1部を仕込み、80℃で5時間保持し、溶液重合を行なうことで、アクリル酸メチル-アクリル酸n-ブチル-アクリロニトリル共重合体Iのデカリン溶液を得た。なお、得られたアクリル酸メチル-アクリル酸n-ブチル-アクリロニトリル共重合体Iはデカリンに溶解しており、粒子形状を有さないものであった。次いで、得られた溶液にデカリンを添加して、固形分濃度5%に調製し、モレキュラシーブにて脱水を行なった。
重合を行なう際に、スチレンの配合量を150部から100部に変更するとともに、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムを使用しなかった以外は、実施例6と同様にして、コアシェル構造を有しないポリマー粒子Jのデカリン分散液を得た。得られたポリマー粒子Jの平均粒径は500nmであった。そして、得られたコアシェル構造を有しないポリマー粒子Jのデカリン分散液を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各スラリーを調製し、全固体二次電池を製造して、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
一方、結着剤として、粒子状でないポリマーを用いた場合には、結着剤が正極活物質粒子、負極活物質粒子、および固体電解質粒子を被覆してしまい、電子伝導性およびイオン導電性の阻害が起こり、得られる全固体二次電池は、レート特性および充放電サイクル特性に劣るものとなった(比較例1)。
同様に、結着剤として、平均粒径が500nmの粒子状ポリマーを用いた場合には、全固体二次電池を構成する、正極活物質粒子、負極活物質粒子、および固体電解質粒子において、粒子間の距離が大きくなってしまい、得られる全固体二次電池は、レート特性および充放電サイクル特性に劣るものとなった(比較例2)。
Claims (9)
- 正極活物質層、負極活物質層、および固体電解質層を有する全固体二次電池であって、
前記正極活物質層、前記負極活物質層、および前記固体電解質層のうち少なくとも1つが、無機固体電解質および平均粒径30~300nmの粒子状ポリマーからなる結着剤を含み、
前記粒子状ポリマーは、前記正極活物質層、前記負極活物質層、および前記固体電解質層内において、粒子状態を保持した状態で存在していることを特徴とする全固体二次電池。 - 前記粒子状ポリマーは、コアシェル構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の全固体二次電池。
- 前記粒子状ポリマーのシェル部が、エチレンオキシド骨格を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル単量体単位を有するポリマーから構成されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の全固体二次電池。
- 前記粒子状ポリマーのコア部が、架橋性単量体単位を有するポリマーから構成されることを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載の全固体二次電池。
- 前記粒子状ポリマーのコア部とシェル部との割合が、「コア部:シェル部」の重量比率で、70:30~10:90であることを特徴とする請求項2~4のいずれかに記載の全固体二次電池。
- 前記粒子状ポリマーのコア部のガラス転移温度(Tgc)と、シェル部のガラス転移温度(Tgs)との差(Tgc-Tgs)が30℃以上であることを特徴とする請求項2~5のいずれかに記載の全固体二次電池。
- 前記無機固体電解質が、Li、PおよびSを含有する硫化物ガラスおよび/またはLi、PおよびSを含有する硫化物ガラスセラミックスであることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の全固体二次電池。
- 無機固体電解質、および平均粒径30~300nmの粒子状ポリマーからなる結着剤を、沸点が100~220℃である非極性溶媒に溶解または分散してなる全固体二次電池用スラリー。
- 前記非極性溶媒のSP値が14~20MPa1/2である請求項8に記載の全固体二次電池用スラリー。
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US9276263B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
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