WO2012160707A1 - 正極活物質粒子、並びにそれを用いた正極及び全固体電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質粒子、並びにそれを用いた正極及び全固体電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to positive electrode active material particles used for sulfide-based all solid state batteries, as well as electrodes and all solid state batteries using the same.
- the secondary battery has become an indispensable component as a power source for personal computers, video cameras, mobile phones, etc., or as a power source for automobiles and power storage.
- the lithium ion secondary battery has a feature that it has higher energy density than other secondary batteries and can operate at a high voltage. Therefore, it is used in information-related equipment and communication equipment as secondary batteries that are easy to reduce in size and weight.
- high-output and high-capacity lithium-ion secondary batteries for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles as low-pollution vehicles have been used. Development is underway.
- a lithium ion secondary battery or a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer, and an electrolyte containing a lithium salt disposed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, and the electrolyte is constituted by a non-aqueous liquid or solid.
- the electrolyte solution penetrates into the positive electrode layer, so that an interface between the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode layer and the electrolyte is easily formed, and performance is easily improved. .
- the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte are solid, so that the electrolyte hardly penetrates into the positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte
- the interface with is easy to reduce. Therefore, in the all-solid battery, the area of the interface is increased by using, as the positive electrode, a composite material containing a mixed powder obtained by mixing a positive electrode active material powder and a solid electrolyte powder.
- an electrode of an all-solid-state battery can be prepared by coating a reaction suppression layer).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an active material particle obtained in the case of mixing and pressing an active material, a solid electrolyte, a conductive additive, and the like with a reaction suppression layer formed on the surface in the prior art by applying mechanical energy. Indicates.
- the reaction suppression layer 11 is partially formed from the surface of the active material body 12 due to the applied mechanical stress. Easy to peel off. When the reaction suppressing layer 11 is peeled off, a high resistance portion is formed at the peeled portion, and the performance of the battery may be lowered.
- the present invention has been made based on such a new problem, and provides positive electrode active material particles in which a reaction suppression layer formed on the surface is difficult to peel off in a battery manufacturing process, and a positive electrode and an all-solid battery using the same.
- the purpose is to do.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research on a positive electrode active material in which the reaction suppression layer formed on the surface is difficult to peel off, and found that the reaction suppression layer is coated on the positive electrode active material having irregularities on the surface.
- the present invention is a positive electrode active material particle for an all solid state battery including a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode active material particle is an aggregate including two or more particles, and the sulfide surface is formed on the surface of the aggregate.
- the positive electrode active material particles are coated with a reaction suppression layer for suppressing a reaction with the solid electrolyte.
- the positive electrode active material particles are aggregates containing two or more particles, and the aggregates form irregularities on the surface of the positive electrode active material, and the reaction suppression layer coated with the positive electrode active material is peeled off. It becomes difficult to obtain a battery with low reaction resistance.
- a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the resulting positive electrode active material particles when mechanical energy is applied by mixing, pressing, etc., an active material having a reaction suppression layer formed on the surface, a solid electrolyte, a conductive additive, etc. is there.
- an active material composed of secondary particles in which primary particles are agglomerated and having a reaction suppressing layer formed on an uneven surface, a solid electrolyte, a conductive additive, etc. are mixed and pressed. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the positive electrode active material particle obtained when mechanical energy is applied.
- a positive electrode active material obtained when mechanical energy is applied by mixing, pressing, or the like with an active material having irregularities formed from different materials on the surface thereof, a solid electrolyte, a conductive additive, and the like. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a substance particle. It is a SEM photograph of the positive electrode active material secondary particle by which the reaction suppression layer was coated of this invention. It is a SEM photograph of the positive electrode active material primary particle by which the reaction suppression layer was coated of the comparative example. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a small cell in an embodiment of the present invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the test all-solid-state battery in an embodiment in the present invention.
- Example 3 is a graph showing the ratio of coating elements on the surface of an active material in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- 4 is a graph showing the reaction resistance of batteries in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. It is a graph showing the coating element ratio of the active material surface in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
- 6 is a graph showing the reaction resistance of batteries in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
- the present invention is a positive electrode active material particle for an all solid state battery including a lithium ion conductive sulfide-based solid electrolyte as an electrolyte, and the positive electrode active material particle is an aggregate including two or more particles.
- the positive electrode active material particles whose surface is coated with a reaction suppression layer for suppressing the reaction with the sulfide-based solid electrolyte are intended.
- the aggregate includes two or more particles, and the two or more particles may be made of the same material and / or different materials. Further, the two or more particles are not substantially crushed by a mixing step for forming the positive electrode material, a pressing step for forming the battery, or the like.
- An unevenness can be formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material by making the positive electrode active material used for the electrode for the all-solid-state lithium ion battery into an aggregate containing two or more particles. Due to the anchor effect due to the unevenness, the reaction suppression layer coated on the surface of the active material of the aggregate can be made difficult to peel off. In particular, a large amount of mechanical energy can be added to the positive electrode active material in the steps of kneading, coating, pressing, and the like for the positive electrode active material, solid electrolyte, and conductive additive. The formed reaction suppression layer is difficult to peel off.
- the main body of the positive electrode active material particles to be coated may be secondary particles in which the primary particles of the positive electrode active material are adhered.
- the primary particles 22 of the positive electrode active material adhere to form secondary particles 23.
- the secondary particle 23 has the recessed part 24 and the convex part 25, and the whole secondary particle 23 is coated by the reaction suppression layer 21, and the positive electrode active material particle 20 of this invention can be obtained.
- the secondary particles 23 are not substantially crushed by a mixing step for forming a positive electrode material, a pressing step for forming a battery, or the like, and are formed at the interface between the primary particles 22 constituting the secondary particles 23. At least a part is fused. Even when mechanical energy is applied to the positive electrode active material particles 20 by mixing, pressing, or the like, the reaction suppressing layer 21 can be made difficult to peel off due to the anchor effect due to the unevenness.
- the positive electrode active material secondary particles are secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles of the positive electrode active material are adhered. And the particle
- the positive electrode active material secondary particles contain 2 to 1000, preferably 50 to 500, positive electrode active material primary particles in order to obtain an anchor effect due to unevenness.
- the size of the irregularities on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles can be adjusted by the number of primary particles constituting the secondary particles. If there are too few primary particles, the number of irregularities will decrease, and if there are too many primary particles, the size of irregularities will become small.
- the number of primary particles contained in the secondary particles can be calculated by SEM observation or by calculating the respective volumes from the SEM particle sizes of the secondary particles and the primary particles.
- the size of the positive electrode active material secondary particles can generally be a size that can be used for the positive electrode layer of a lithium secondary battery, and preferably has a diameter of about 0.6 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably about 1 to 10 ⁇ m. .
- the diameter of the primary particles can be about 0.3 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, preferably about 0.5 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material secondary particles used in the present invention can be obtained, for example, by a wet precipitation method.
- an alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide is added to an acidic aqueous solution in which a transition metal-containing salt such as manganese, nickel and cobalt is dissolved in water to adjust the pH to 9 to 13 by adding an alkali solution.
- the precipitate is filtered and dried, and lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, etc., which are lithium sources, are mixed with the precursor of the co-precipitated hydroxide in a dry state.
- the positive electrode active material secondary particles can be obtained by firing at 700 ° C. to 1200 ° C. for 1 to 48 hours. If the heat treatment temperature is too low, the solid phase reaction will not proceed, and if the heat treatment temperature is too high, sintering will proceed extremely, which is not preferable.
- the size of the primary particles and the secondary particles can be adjusted by changing the conditions of the pH and temperature when the alkali is added and the firing temperature.
- the obtained positive electrode active material secondary particles may be pulverized by a ball mill method or the like to obtain a secondary particle size of a desired size.
- transition metal-containing salt a compound containing a metal that is generally contained in the positive electrode active material can be used.
- nickel hydroxide, nickel carbonate, nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, or nickel acetate can be used.
- Co compound cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, or the like can be used.
- At least one of the two or more particles is made of a positive electrode active material serving as a main body of the positive electrode active material particles, and the remaining particles are different materials from the positive electrode active material.
- the particles of the different material can be formed on the surface of the main body of the positive electrode active material particles.
- the concave portions 34 and the convex portions 35 can be formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material main body 32.
- the positive electrode active material particles 30 of the present invention can be obtained by forming the reaction suppression layer 31 on the surface.
- the dissimilar material 33 is not substantially detached from the surface of the positive electrode active material body 32 by a mixing process for forming the positive electrode material, a pressing process for forming the battery, or the like. Even if mechanical energy is applied to the positive electrode active material particles 30 by mixing, pressing, or the like, the reaction suppressing layer 31 can be made difficult to peel off due to the anchor effect due to the unevenness.
- the dissimilar material in order to form irregularities on the surface of the positive electrode active material main body, it is an inorganic material such as Zr, W, Ti, Si, etc. that is not easily dissolved in the positive electrode active material and does not greatly impair the function of the positive electrode active material.
- a material can be used, preferably Zr and / or W can be used.
- the degree of unevenness on the surface of the positive electrode active material body can be changed depending on the amount of the different material formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material body, and the amount of the different material is the amount of the different material added to the positive electrode active material. Can be adjusted by.
- the amount of the different material is preferably 0.1 to 5 vol%, more preferably 0.2 to 1 vol%, with respect to the positive electrode active material body.
- the dissimilar material preferably occupies 1 to 13% of the surface of the positive electrode active material particles, and more preferably occupies 1.5 to 5%. If the proportion of the different material on the surface of the positive electrode active material particle is too small, the anchor effect due to the unevenness is reduced, and if the proportion of the different material is too large, the function as the active material tends to be lowered.
- the positive electrode active material particles having a different material formed on the surface thereof are composed of a carbonate, hydroxide, or acetate containing lithium and a carbonate, hydroxide, or acetate positive electrode containing a transition metal such as cobalt. It can be obtained by mixing a raw material of a substance at a predetermined ratio with a metal oxide containing a different material at a desired ratio and baking.
- a transition metal containing sulfate such as cobalt and a heterogeneous material containing sulfate are mixed at a desired ratio and added with an alkali such as sodium hydrogen carbonate to precipitate, and then the precipitate is filtered and dried.
- an alkali such as sodium hydrogen carbonate
- lithium carbonate or the like as a lithium supply source is mixed in a predetermined ratio in a dry state and baked at a high temperature of 700 ° C. to 1000 ° C. for 1 to 48 hours to disperse and form a different material on the surface.
- Positive electrode active material particles can be obtained.
- a material that can suppress the reaction between the active material and the solid electrolyte and that has lithium conductivity can be used.
- LiNbO 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Li 3 PO 4 , Li 3 BO 3 , Li 2 SiO 3 , LiPO 3 , LiBO 2 , Li 2 SO 4 , Li 2 WO 4 , Li 2 MoO 4 , Li 2 ZrO 3 , LiAlO 2 , Li 2 TiO 3 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and other lithium conductive oxides, and composite oxides thereof, and these reaction suppression layers can be made of glass.
- the thickness of the reaction suppression layer that coats the surface of the positive electrode active material can be set to a thickness that can stably suppress the reaction between the positive electrode active material and the sulfide-based solid electrolyte while ensuring lithium conductivity. About 1 to 100 nm is preferable, and about 1 to 20 nm is more preferable. If the reaction suppression layer is too thick, the lithium conductivity tends to decrease. If the reaction suppression layer is too thin, a portion of the positive electrode active material that is not coated is partially generated, and the positive electrode active material becomes a sulfide-based solid electrolyte. There is a risk of forming a high resistance site by reacting with.
- the charge / discharge potential is a noble potential with respect to the material used as the negative electrode active material
- a material that can be used as an electrode active material of an all-solid battery can be used.
- lithium cobaltate LiCoO 2
- LiNiO 2 lithium nickelate
- lithium manganate LiMn 2 O 4
- LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 Li 1 + x Mn 2 ⁇ xy M y O 4
- M is one or more metal elements selected from Al, Mg, Co, Fe, Ni, and Zn
- Li-Mn spinel lithium titanate (Li x TiO y ), lithium metal phosphate (LiMPO 4 , M is Fe, Mn, Co, or Ni), vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ), and molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) transition metal oxides and the like
- titanium sulfide TiS 2
- carbon materials such as graphite and hard carbon
- lithium-cobalt nitride Li Um silicon oxide (Li x Si y O z)
- lithium metal Li
- lithium alloy Li
- a positive electrode mixture of an all-solid battery can be formed by mixing the positive electrode active material particles of the present invention with a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the positive electrode active material particles of the present invention and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte are mixed in a solvent to prepare a paste, applied onto a positive electrode current collector such as an aluminum foil, dried, and then rolled to form a positive electrode.
- a positive electrode current collector such as an aluminum foil
- the solid electrolyte that can be used in combination with the positive electrode active material particles of the present invention is a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- a solid electrolyte containing sulfur and lithium and having lithium ion conductivity can be used, for example, Li 2 S—SiS 2 , LiI—Li 2 S—SiS 2 , LiI—Li 2 S.
- LiI-Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-Si 2 S, Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2, LiPO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS include LiI-Li 2 S-P 2 O 5, LiI-Li 3 PO 4 -P 2 S 5, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 such sulfide-based amorphous solid electrolyte.
- a sulfide-based solid electrolyte may be used in combination with an oxide-based amorphous solid electrolyte, a crystalline oxide, and / or a crystalline oxynitride, for example, Li 2 O— Oxide-based amorphous solid electrolytes such as B 2 O 3 —P 2 O 5 , Li 2 O—SiO 2 , Li 2 O—B 2 O 3 , Li 2 O—B 2 O 3 —ZnO ; 3 Al 0.3 Ti 0.7 (PO 4 ) 3 , Li 1 + x + y A x Ti 2 ⁇ x Si y P 3 ⁇ y O 12 (A is Al or Ga, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6), [(B 1/2 Li 1/2 ) 1 ⁇ z C z ] TiO 3 (B is La, Pr, Nd, or Sm, C is Sr or Ba, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.
- Li 5 La 3 Ta 2 O 12, Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12, Li 6 BaLa 2 a 2 O 12, Li 3.6 Si 0.6 P 0.4 O 4 crystalline oxide such as, Li 3 PO (4-3 / 2w ) N w (w ⁇ 1) crystalline oxynitride such as , LiI, LiI-Al 2 O 3, Li 3 N, a Li 3 N-LiI-LiOH and the like may be used in combination with the sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- the positive electrode mixture can contain other materials such as conductive aid particles and a binder as desired.
- the conductive aid particles are not particularly limited, and graphite, carbon black and the like can be used.
- the binders include polytetrafluoroethylene, polytrifluoroethylene, polyethylene, nitrile rubber, polybutadiene rubber, butyl rubber, polystyrene, styrene butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene latex, polysulfide rubber, nitrocellulose, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride. Vinylidene chloride, fluororubber and the like are desirable, but not particularly limited.
- the current collector of the positive electrode is not particularly limited, and for example, a metal foil having a thickness of about 10 to 500 ⁇ m such as Al, Cu, Ni, stainless steel, etc. can be used.
- an all solid state battery can be produced by a method known in the art.
- an all-solid-state battery can be manufactured by press-molding three layers of the positive electrode mixture, sulfide-based solid electrolyte, and negative electrode mixture formed as described above.
- Formation of the reaction suppression layer on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles can be performed by any method capable of coating the powder with a coating material.
- a precursor solution of the reaction suppression layer is prepared, and the positive electrode active material body
- the reaction suppression layer can be formed by coating the surface of the precursor with the precursor solution of the reaction suppression layer and drying it, followed by heat treatment.
- a solution obtained by dissolving the starting material of the reaction suppression layer in a solvent such as alcohol can be used.
- a solvent such as alcohol
- LiOC 2 H 5 , Nb It can be prepared by dissolving a material mainly composed of a solid electrolyte such as OC 2 H 5 ) 5 .
- the prepared reaction inhibitor layer precursor solution may be coated with an active material that is an aggregate. Coating of the reaction suppression layer precursor on the active material can be performed by any method capable of coating the active material powder with the solution, for example, using a tumbling fluidized coating apparatus.
- the active material powder coated with the reaction suppression layer precursor can be heat-treated to obtain positive electrode active material particles coated with the reaction suppression layer.
- the thickness of the reaction suppression layer coated on the positive electrode active material can prevent the formation of a high resistance site by suppressing the reaction between the positive electrode active material and the sulfide-based solid electrolyte while ensuring lithium ion conductivity.
- the thickness can be set to about 1 to 100 nm, preferably about 1 to 20 nm. If the reaction suppression layer is too thick, the lithium ion conductivity tends to decrease, and if the reaction suppression layer is too thin, a portion that is not coated on the surface of the active material occurs, and the positive electrode active material and the sulfide-based solid electrolyte are formed. There is a risk that a high resistance site is formed by reaction.
- the thickness of the reaction suppressing layer to be coated can be controlled by changing conditions such as coating time when using a rolling fluidized coating apparatus, for example.
- the heat treatment temperature can be set to a temperature that can promote densification of the reaction suppression layer.
- the heat treatment temperature is too high, the active material and the reaction suppressing layer are likely to react with each other, so that the temperature is preferably 450 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 400 ° C. or lower.
- 250 degreeC or more is preferable and 300 degreeC or more is more preferable for the densification of a reaction suppression layer and the removal of a residual organic substance.
- Example 1 First, a precursor solution of a LiNbO 3 reaction suppression layer was prepared. 31.1 g of LiOC 2 H 5 was dissolved in 887 g of ethanol solvent so that ethoxylithium LiOC 2 H 5 and pentaethoxyniobium Nb (OC 2 H 5 ) 5 were each contained at 0.6 mol / L in ethanol. Then, 190.9 g of Nb (OC 2 H 5 ) 5 was added and dissolved to prepare a precursor solution of the LiNbO 3 reaction suppression layer.
- secondary particles of LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 were used as the main body of the positive electrode active material particles.
- Manganese sulfate is dissolved in deionized water and heated to add sodium hydroxide to precipitate, then the precipitate is filtered and dried, and this coprecipitated hydroxide precursor is mixed with lithium acetate, the lithium source. And fired at 900 ° C. for 24 hours.
- FIG. 1 An SEM photograph of the LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 secondary particles is shown in FIG. From the SEM photograph, the secondary particle size, the primary particle size, and the number of primary particles contained in the secondary particles were calculated. The secondary particle size was 4 ⁇ m on average and the primary particle size was 0.7 ⁇ m on average. Each secondary particle contained 187 primary particles on average.
- Coating of the reaction suppression layer precursor solution onto the active material was performed using a tumbling fluidized coating apparatus (MP-01, manufactured by POWREC).
- the positive electrode active material powder coated with a precursor of the LiNbO 3 reaction suppression layer in an electric furnace, in air, 350 ° C., 5 hours, followed by heat treatment, the coated positive electrode active material particles LiNbO 3 inhibition layer Obtained.
- the cross section of the obtained positive electrode active material particles is observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM, manufactured by JEOL Ltd., 200 kV).
- the LiNbO 3 reaction suppression layer has an average thickness of 10 nm and LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1. / 3 O 2 secondary particles were found to be coated.
- Example 2 First, a precursor solution of a Li 3 BO 3 —Li 4 SiO 4 reaction suppression layer was prepared.
- Equal moles of boric acid and tetraethoxysilane were added to the ethanol solvent so that ethanol contained 0.066 mol / L, tetraethoxysilane 0.066 mol / L, and lithium acetate 0.463 mol / L. dissolved, to prepare a precursor solution of Li 3 BO 3 -Li 4 SiO 4 inhibition layer.
- the preparation method is specifically shown below.
- Coating of the reaction suppression layer precursor solution onto the active material was performed using a tumbling fluidized coating apparatus (MP-01, manufactured by POWREC).
- the positive electrode active material powder coated with the precursor of the Li 3 BO 3 —Li 4 SiO 4 reaction suppression layer was heat-treated in an electric furnace at 350 ° C. for 5 hours in the air, and Li 3 BO 3 —Li Positive electrode active material particles coated with a 4 SiO 4 reaction suppression layer were obtained.
- the cross section of the obtained positive electrode active material particles is observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM, manufactured by JEOL Ltd., 200 kV), and the LiBO 3 -LiSiO 4 reaction suppression layer is coated on the active material body with an average thickness of 10 nm. I understood that.
- Example 1 As the positive electrode active material powder, the same conditions as in Example 1 were used except that primary particles of LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 having a diameter of 4 ⁇ m shown in FIG. 5 were used.
- Comparative Example 2 As the positive electrode active material powder, the same conditions as in Example 2 were used except that primary particles of LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 having a diameter of 4 ⁇ m shown in FIG. 5 were used.
- test all-solid-state battery was created in a glow box in an Ar atmosphere as follows.
- a small cell 70 provided with a cylinder 71 having a stainless upper piston 72 and a lower piston 73 shown in FIG. 6 was prepared.
- the small cell 70 includes a cylinder 71 into which the positive electrode mixture 80A, the solid electrolyte 80C, and the negative electrode mixture 80B are placed, and a stainless upper base 74 and a lower base 75 having recesses into which the cylinder 71 is fitted.
- the lower pedestal 75 is connected by a pedestal support column 77, can press the upper piston 72 and the lower piston 73 with a predetermined pressure, and has a structure capable of fastening the cylinder 71, the upper pedestal 74, and the lower pedestal 75 with a hexagon bolt 76. .
- wiring 91 and wiring 92 are connected to the upper pedestal 74 and lower pedestal 75 of the small cell 70, respectively, and are placed in a glass cell 90 containing a desiccant 93. It sealed with the aluminum lid
- the wiring 91 and the wiring 92 are connected to an impedance analyzer via the connection fitting 94, the impedance is measured in the frequency range of amplitude 10 mV, 1 MHz to 0.1 Hz by the AC impedance method, and the reaction per unit area is determined from the Cole-Cole plot. Resistance was measured. 9 and 11 show the measurement results of the reaction resistance of the batteries using the positive electrode active material particles of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Example 1 has a smaller reaction resistance than that of Comparative Example 1, and Example 2 also shows a smaller reaction resistance than that of Comparative Example 2. I understand.
- the atomic composition percentages of the coating elements on the surface of the active material particles after the reaction resistance was measured for all solid state batteries using the active material particles obtained from Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were compared.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the element amount of the reaction suppression layer and the element amount of the active material are measured, and the following formula:
- Surface coating element ratio reaction suppression layer element amount ⁇ (reaction suppression layer element amount + active material element amount) From this, the coating element ratio on the active material surface was calculated.
- the ratio of the coating element on the surface of the active material particles of Example 1 is higher than that of Comparative Example 1 in the proportion of Nb which is a reaction suppression layer element. It can be seen that the ratio of the reaction suppression layer element B + Si is larger than that.
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Abstract
Description
まず、LiNbO3反応抑制層の前駆体溶液を調製した。エタノール中にエトキシリチウムLiOC2H5及びペンタエトキシニオブNb(OC2H5)5がそれぞれ0.6mol/L含まれるように、887gのエタノール溶媒に、31.1gのLiOC2H5を溶解させ、次いで190.9gのNb(OC2H5)5を加えて溶解させて、LiNbO3反応抑制層の前駆体溶液を調製した。
(実施例2)
まず、Li3BO3−Li4SiO4反応抑制層の前駆体溶液を調製した。
正極活物質粉体として、図5に示す直径4μmのLiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2の一次粒子を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で行った。
正極活物質粉体として、図5に示す直径4μmのLiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2の一次粒子を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様の条件で行った。
実施例1及び2、並びに比較例1及び2で得られた、反応抑制層をコーティングした正極活物質粒子を用いて全固体電池を形成し、反応抵抗を測定した。あわせて、活物質表面の元素分析を行い、活物質表面のコーティング元素の比率を測定した。
表面コーティング元素比率=反応抑制層元素量÷(反応抑制層元素量+活物質元素量)
から、活物質表面のコーティング元素比率を算出した。
表面コーティング元素比率=Nb÷(Nb+Ni+Co+Mn)
の式にしたがって算出した。
表面コーティング元素比率=(B+Si)÷(B+Si+Ni+Co+Mn)
の式にしたがって算出した。
11 反応抑制層
12 活物質本体
20 本発明の活物質粒子
21 反応抑制層
22 活物質一次粒子
23 活物質二次粒子
24 凹部
25 凸部
30 本発明の活物質粒子
31 反応抑制層
32 活物質本体
33 異種材料
70 小型セル
71 シリンダー
72 ピストン上
73 ピストン下
74 上台座
75 下台座
76 六角ボルト
77 台座支持柱
80A 正極合材
80B 固体電解質
80C 負極合材
90 ガラスセル
91 配線
92 配線
93 乾燥剤
94 接続金具
95 アルミ製の蓋
100 試験用全固体電池
Claims (9)
- 硫化物系固体電解質を含む全固体電池用の正極活物質粒子であって、
前記正極活物質粒子が2つ以上の粒子を含む集合体であり、
前記集合体の表面に、前記硫化物系固体電解質との反応を抑制するための反応抑制層がコーティングされている、
正極活物質粒子。 - 前記正極活物質粒子が、一次粒子が凝着した二次粒子である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質粒子。
- 前記2つ以上の粒子のうち少なくとも1つの粒子が、前記正極活物質粒子の本体となる正極活物質材料からなり、残りの粒子が前記正極活物質材料とは異なる異種材料からなり、前記異種材料の粒子が前記正極活物質粒子の本体の表面に形成されている、請求項1に記載の正極活物質粒子。
- 該異種材料が、Zr、W、Ti、及びSiからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の金属である、請求項3に記載の正極活物質粒子。
- 前記硫化物系固体電解質が、Li2S−SiS2、LiI−Li2S−SiS2、LiI−Li2S−P2S5、LiI−Li2S−B2S3、Li3PO4−Li2S−Si2S、Li3PO4−Li2S−SiS2、LiPO4−Li2S−SiS、LiI−Li2S−P2O5、LiI−Li3PO4−P2S5、及びLi2S−P2S5からなる群から選択される非晶質固体電解質である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質粒子。
- 前記反応抑制層が、LiNbO3、Li4SiO4、Li3PO4、Li3BO3、Li2SiO3、LiPO3、LiBO2、Li2SO4、Li2WO4、Li2MoO4、Li2ZrO3、LiAlO2、Li2TiO3、Li4Ti5O12、及びこれらの複合酸化物からなる群から選択される材料から形成される、請求項1に記載の正極活物質粒子。
- 前記正極活物質粒子が、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4、LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2、Li1+xMn2−x−yMyO4(Mは、Al、Mg、Co、Fe、Ni、及びZnから選ばれる1種以上の金属元素)で表される組成の異種元素置換Li−Mnスピネル、LixTiOy、LiMPQ4(MはFe、Mn、Co、またはNi)、V2O5及びMoO3、TiS2、グラファイト及びハードカーボン等の炭素材料、LiCoN、LixSiyOz、Li、LiM(Mは、Sn、Si、Al、Ge、Sb、またはP)、MgxMまたはNySb(MはSn、Ge、またはSb、NはIn、Cu、またはMn)、並びにこれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される活物質材料を含む、請求項1に記載の正極活物質粒子。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質粒子を含む硫化物系全固体電池用の正極。
- 請求項8に記載の正極を含む硫化物系全固体電池。
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US14/117,467 US10230099B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2011-05-23 | Positive electrode active material particles, and positive electrode and all-solid-state battery using same |
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EP2717364A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
KR20130130862A (ko) | 2013-12-02 |
KR101582394B1 (ko) | 2016-01-04 |
US10230099B2 (en) | 2019-03-12 |
US20150024280A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
JP5742935B2 (ja) | 2015-07-01 |
EP2717364A4 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
CN103548186B (zh) | 2017-04-26 |
EP2717364B1 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
CN103548186A (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
JPWO2012160707A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
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