JPWO2020022305A1 - 正極活物質 - Google Patents
正極活物質 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2020022305A1 JPWO2020022305A1 JP2020532400A JP2020532400A JPWO2020022305A1 JP WO2020022305 A1 JPWO2020022305 A1 JP WO2020022305A1 JP 2020532400 A JP2020532400 A JP 2020532400A JP 2020532400 A JP2020532400 A JP 2020532400A JP WO2020022305 A1 JPWO2020022305 A1 JP WO2020022305A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- solid electrolyte
- coating layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 31
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- -1 lithium salt compound Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910013184 LiBO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011899 heat drying method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018130 Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OBWXQDHWLMJOOD-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[OH-].[Co+2].[Co+2].[Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O OBWXQDHWLMJOOD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910009142 Li2S—Li3PO4—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007860 Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013936 Li3.25P0.95S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006026 co-polymeric resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006092 crystalline glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007908 dry granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011361 granulated particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YNBADRVTZLEFNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nicotinate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 YNBADRVTZLEFNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940053662 nickel sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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Abstract
Description
ニッケル塩化合物としては、例えば、炭酸ニッケル、硝酸ニッケル、塩化ニッケル、オキシ水酸化ニッケル、水酸化ニッケル及び酸化ニッケル等が挙げられ、中でも炭酸ニッケル、水酸化ニッケル及び酸化ニッケルが好ましい。
コバルト塩化合物としては、例えば、塩基性炭酸コバルト、硝酸コバルト、塩化コバルト、オキシ水酸化コバルト、水酸化コバルト及び酸化コバルト等が挙げられ、中でも塩基性炭酸コバルト、水酸化コバルト、酸化コバルト及びオキシ水酸化コバルトが好ましい。
(1)芯材粒子の製造
硫酸ニッケルと硫酸コバルトと硫酸マンガンとを溶解した水溶液に、水酸化ナトリウムを供給し、共沈法によって金属複合水酸化物を作製した。この金属複合水酸化物におけるニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンのモル比は、Ni:Co:Mn=0.6:0.2:0.2であった。この金属複合水酸化物を炭酸リチウムと混合し、静置式電気炉を用いて大気下で720℃、5時間仮焼成した後、大気下で905℃、22時間本焼成してリチウム金属複合酸化物を得た。このリチウム金属複合酸化物を乳鉢で解砕し、次いで目開き53μmの篩で分級し、篩下のリチウム金属複合酸化物粉体からなる芯材粒子を回収した。芯材粒子は層状岩塩型化合物であり、ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンのモル比は、上記金属複合水酸化物と同様Ni:Co:Mn=0.6:0.2:0.2であった。
LiOH・H2O4.194g及びH3BO36.181gを水200mLに溶解して処理液を調製した。この処理液を処理液Aという。前記(1)で得られた芯材粒子10gに処理液A4.8mLを添加し、25℃で1時間攪拌した後、130℃で2時間乾燥した。得られた固体を大気雰囲気下にて350℃で5時間熱処理して正極活物質を得た。
処理液Aを12mL添加した以外は実施例1と同様な方法で正極活物質を得た。
処理液Aを28mL添加した以外は実施例1と同様な方法で正極活物質を得た。
処理液Aを55mL添加した以外は実施例1と同様な方法で正極活物質を得た。
LiOH・H2O0.76g及び(NH4)3Nb(O2)43.75gを水75mLに溶解して処理液を調製した。この処理液を処理液Bという。実施例1で用いた芯材粒子10gに処理液A3.3mL及び処理液B4.7mLを添加し25℃で1時間攪拌した後、130℃で2時間乾燥した。得られた固体を大気雰囲気下にて350℃で5時間熱処理して正極活物質を得た。
処理液Aを6.6mL及び処理液Bを9.5mL添加した以外は実施例5と同様な方法で正極活物質を得た。
処理液Aを6.6mL及び処理液Bを9.5mL添加した以外は実施例5と同様な方法で正極活物質を得た。
LiOH・H2O12.582g及びH3BO36.181gを水200mLに溶解して処理液を調製した。この処理液を処理液Cという。実施例1で用いた芯材粒子10gに処理液C10.4mLを添加した。これ以外は、実施例1と同様な方法で正極活物質を得た。
LiOH・H2O0.04194g及びH3BO36.181gを水200mLに溶解して処理液を調製した。この処理液を処理液Dという。実施例1で用いた芯材粒子10gに処理液D10.4mLを添加した。これ以外は、実施例1と同様な方法で正極活物質を得た。
実施例1で得られた芯材粒子をそのまま正極活物質として用いた。
処理液Cを55mL添加した以外は実施例8と同様な方法で正極活物質を得た。
処理液Dを28mL添加した以外は実施例9と同様な方法で正極活物質を得た。
実施例及び比較例で得られた正極活物質について、各元素の含有量及びD50を以下の手順で測定した。また、実施例及び比較例で得られた正極活物質について、XPSによる分析を行った。更に、実施例及び比較例で得られた正極活物質を用いた電池を以下の方法で作製し、界面抵抗を測定した。それらの結果を以下の表1に示す。
正極活物質を王水に溶解させ、溶解液を水で希釈した。希釈液をICP発光分析装置で分析し、各元素の含有量を測定した。
レーザー回折粒子径分布測定装置用自動試料供給機(日機装株式会社製「Microtorac SDC」)を用いた。正極活物質を水溶性溶媒(水:エタノール=80:20(体積比))に投入し、この液を装置の規定ラインまで投入した。次に流速80%の条件で40Wの超音波を360秒間照射した後、日機装株式会社製レーザー回折粒度分布測定機「MT3000II」を用いて粒度分布を測定した。測定液は60μmのフィルターを通し、この測定で得られた体積基準粒度分布のチャートからD50を求めた。装置の設定条件は下記のとおりである。
溶媒屈折率:1.33
粒子透過性条件:透過
粒子屈折率:2.46
形状:非球形
測定レンジ:0.133〜704.0μm
測定時間を30秒とし、2回測定した平均値をD50とした。
XPS分析装置としてアルバック・ファイ社製の「XPS Quantam2000」を用いた。Li/Mのモル比は、正極活物質の最表面の存在元素の割合から算出した。測定に使用した機器仕様・条件等は以下のとおりである。
X線源:単色化AlKα1(1486.7eV)
X線出力:100W
X線照射面積:100μmφ×1mm
パスエネルギー:23.5eV
測定間隔:0.1eV
測定元素と軌道:
Li:1s
Nb:3d
B:1s
O:1s
C:1s
実施例及び比較例の正極活物質を用い、常法に従って正極を作製した。具体的には、得られた正極活物質と、硫化物固体電解質(アルジロダイト型固体電解質)であるLi5.8PS4.8Cl1.2と、導電助剤であるVGCF(登録商標)を80 : 17 : 3の質量比で混合して正極合剤を作製し、これを正極とした。また、負極活物質としてグラファイトを用い、常法に従って負極を作製した。次に正極、硫化物固体電解質(アルジロダイト型固体電解質であるLi5.8PS4.8Cl1.2)、及び負極をこの順で重ねて加圧成型し全固体電池を作製した。この全固体電池について、3サイクル目と300サイクル目の充放電を行った後に、それぞれ放電容量の40%まで充電した後、交流インピーダンス測定を行った。測定結果の複素インピーダンス平面プロットであるCole−Coleプロットにおける、横軸との交点から界面抵抗値(Ω)を算出した。更に、界面抵抗の値R1に対する、300サイクル後の界面抵抗の値R2と界面抵抗の値R1の差(反応抵抗の上昇値、R2−R1)を百分率で表し、これを界面抵抗上昇率とした。すなわち界面抵抗上昇率は(R2−R1)/R1×100で表される。
測定に使用した機器仕様・条件等は以下のとおりである。
・測定装置:東洋テクニカ(株)SOLARTRON 1255B FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYZER
・交流振幅:10mV
・周波数領域:1.0×106〜1.0×101Hz
比較例2で得られた正極活物質を用いた全固体電池は、Li/Mのモル比が高いため、炭酸リチウム及びBO3 3-が生成し、界面抵抗及び界面抵抗の上昇率が高くなってしまったと考えられる。
比較例3で得られた正極活物質を用いた全固体電池は、Li/Mのモル比が低いため、被覆層のLiイオン伝導性を確保できず、界面抵抗及び界面抵抗の上昇率が高くなってしまったと考えられる。
Claims (12)
- リチウム金属複合酸化物を含む芯材粒子と、該芯材粒子の表面に配置された被覆層とを有する粒子からなり、硫化物固体電解質を含む全固体電池に用いられる正極活物質であって、
前記被覆層が、Li及びM(MはBであるか、又はB並びにNb、Ti、Zr、Ta、Zn、W及びAlからなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上の元素である。)を含む酸化物から構成され、
X線光電子分光法によって求められる前記被覆層の表面でのLi/Mのモル比が0.85以上3.95以下である正極活物質。 - 前記正極活物質に占めるBの割合が0.02質量%以上3.5質量%以下である請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記Mが、Bに加えてNbを含む請求項1又は2に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質に占めるNb及びBの合計量の割合が0.5質量%以上2.5質量%以下である請求項3に記載の正極活物質。
- X線光電子分光法によって求められる前記被覆層の表面でのLi/(B+Nb)のモル比が1.5以上3.6以下である請求項3又は4に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質におけるNb/Bの質量比が1以上30以下である請求項3ないし5のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム金属複合酸化物が、層状岩塩型化合物であるか又はスピネル型化合物である請求項1ないし6のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記硫化物固体電解質が、Li及びSを含みリチウムイオン伝導性を有するものである請求項1ないし7のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記硫化物固体電解質が、アルジロダイト型固体電解質である請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。
- 請求項1ないし9のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む正極合剤。
- 更に硫化物固体電解質を含む請求項10に記載の正極合剤。
- 正極、負極、及び固体電解質を備えた全固体電池において、
前記固体電解質が硫化物からなり、
前記正極が、請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む全固体電池。
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