WO2010125805A1 - 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法及び抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 - Google Patents
抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法及び抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010125805A1 WO2010125805A1 PCT/JP2010/003015 JP2010003015W WO2010125805A1 WO 2010125805 A1 WO2010125805 A1 WO 2010125805A1 JP 2010003015 W JP2010003015 W JP 2010003015W WO 2010125805 A1 WO2010125805 A1 WO 2010125805A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resistance
- voltage
- nonvolatile memory
- low
- state
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 297
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011423 initialization method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 55
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 176
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 58
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 58
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 56
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 39
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 29
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 24
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 14
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 102220244530 rs763940329 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102200057871 rs56048668 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009532 heart rate measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOTBHSCPQOFPDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Hf]=O Chemical compound [Hf]=O UOTBHSCPQOFPDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0007—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising metal oxide memory material, e.g. perovskites
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/004—Reading or sensing circuits or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0064—Verifying circuits or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/004—Reading or sensing circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0054—Read is performed on a reference element, e.g. cell, and the reference sensed value is used to compare the sensed value of the selected cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0073—Write using bi-directional cell biasing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0083—Write to perform initialising, forming process, electro forming or conditioning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
- G11C2013/009—Write using potential difference applied between cell electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0092—Write characterized by the shape, e.g. form, length, amplitude of the write pulse
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/10—Resistive cells; Technology aspects
- G11C2213/15—Current-voltage curve
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/30—Resistive cell, memory material aspects
- G11C2213/32—Material having simple binary metal oxide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/50—Resistive cell structure aspects
- G11C2213/56—Structure including two electrodes, a memory active layer and a so called passive or source or reservoir layer which is NOT an electrode, wherein the passive or source or reservoir layer is a source of ions which migrate afterwards in the memory active layer to be only trapped there, to form conductive filaments there or to react with the material of the memory active layer in redox way
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
- G11C2213/79—Array wherein the access device being a transistor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for writing data to a variable resistance nonvolatile memory element whose resistance value changes according to an applied electrical signal, and a variable resistance nonvolatile memory including the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element as a memory cell.
- the present invention relates to a storage device.
- nonvolatile memory device having a memory cell configured using a variable resistance nonvolatile memory element (hereinafter also simply referred to as a “resistance variable element”).
- resistance variable element has at least two threshold voltages (threshold voltages at the time of writing and erasing), and has a property that the resistance value reversibly changes by an electrical signal that exceeds the writing or erasing threshold voltage. Further, it refers to an element capable of storing data corresponding to the resistance value in a nonvolatile manner.
- nonvolatile memory device using a resistance change element at the position of the intersection of a bit line, a word line, and a source line (the source line is arranged in parallel with either the bit line or the word line) arranged orthogonally
- a non-volatile memory device in which a so-called 1T1R type memory cell in which a MOS transistor and a resistance change element are connected in series is arranged in a matrix is generally known.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a nonvolatile memory device composed of 1T1R type memory cells using a memory layer made of an amorphous thin film such as a rare earth oxide film as a resistance change element.
- FIG. 32 is a configuration diagram of the memory cell shown therein.
- the memory cell 1001 is formed by electrically connecting a resistance change element 1002 and a MIS transistor 1003 as an active element for controlling access to the resistance change element 1002 in series.
- the memory layer 1002c is sandwiched between the first electrode 1002a and the second electrode 1002b.
- a rare earth oxide film contains an easily ionizable metal such as Cu, Ag, or Zn.
- the voltage application to the memory cell 1001 is such that the terminal voltage V1 is applied to the terminal opposite to the terminal where the resistance change element 1002 is connected to the MIS transistor 1003, and the MIS transistor 1003 becomes the resistance change element.
- the terminal voltage V2 is applied to one terminal (for example, the source side) opposite to the terminal connected to the terminal 1002, and the gate voltage Vgs is applied to the gate of the MIS transistor 1003.
- the gate of the MIS transistor 1003 is turned on and the variable resistance element 1002 in the memory cell 1001 and When a voltage V having a polarity opposite to that at the time of writing is applied to the MIS transistor 1003, the resistance change element 1002 Voltage applied to the end, if greater than the erase threshold voltage of the variable resistance element 1002 described above, the resistance value of the resistance variable element 1002 is increased from a low resistance state, a transition to the high resistance state. That is, a bipolar resistance change operation is disclosed.
- the transition of the resistance change element 1002 from the high resistance state to the low resistance state is as follows.
- the resistance change element 1002 has a current-voltage operating point in which the resistance change element 1002 and the MIS transistor 1003 are connected in series as shown in FIG.
- the resistance value is determined, and the value is determined by the value of the current that flows when the voltage of the resistance change element 1002 becomes the write threshold voltage (Vth).
- the resistance value of the resistance change element 1002 in the low resistance state can be controlled by the gate voltage of the MIS transistor 1003.
- the gate voltage is changed to VG3, VG2, and VG1 to change the resistance value near the threshold voltage Vth.
- the operating points are P3, P2, and P1, and the resistance value of the resistance change element 1002 is arbitrarily set to a sequentially low state (large current), and information on three or more values is stored using this property.
- a multi-value storage device capable of doing this is configured.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a non-volatile memory device composed of 1T1R type memory cells using resistance change elements made of strongly correlated electron oxides.
- FIG. 34 is a block diagram of the memory cell shown therein.
- the memory cell 1140 is formed by electrically connecting a variable resistance element 1130 and a MOS transistor 1138 as an active element that controls access to the variable resistance element 1130 in series.
- the change layer 1134 is sandwiched between the first electrode 1136 and the second electrode 1132.
- titanium (Ti) is disclosed for the first electrode 1136
- copper (Cu) is disclosed for the second electrode 1132
- copper oxide (CuO) is disclosed for the change layer 1134 as materials used for each.
- a terminal for example, a source terminal
- a positive voltage is supplied to the first electrode 1136 so that the program voltage Vpg is applied to the variable resistance element 1130.
- the resistance value of the resistance change element 1130 transitions from the high resistance state to the low resistance state, and the resistance value of the memory cell 1140 enters the low resistance state.
- the resistance value of the resistance change element 1130 when the resistance value of the resistance change element 1130 is in a low resistance state, if the erase voltage Ver in which a current flows from the second electrode 1132 to the first electrode 1136 is applied to the resistance change element 1130, the resistance change The resistance value of the element 1130 transitions from the low resistance state to the high resistance state, and the resistance value of the memory cell 1140 becomes the high resistance state.
- the resistance value of the low resistance state of the memory cell 1140 is determined in inverse proportion to the magnitude of the program voltage Vpg at the time of programming or the voltage of the gate G. That is, when the program voltage Vpg or the gate G voltage is increased, the resistance setting of the memory cell is shifted to a lower value.
- a low resistance value adjusting means is disclosed that is adjusted by decreasing the writing level while increasing the writing voltage.
- FIG. 35A is a flowchart for adjusting the resistance value while increasing the voltage applied to the upper electrode 1136
- FIG. 35B is a flowchart for adjusting the resistance value while increasing the voltage applied to the gate G of the transistor 1138. .
- Patent Document 1 discloses an application to a multi-value storage device. However, according to the disclosed contents, even when applied to a binary memory in a low resistance state and a high resistance state, it is caused by variations in the transistor manufacturing process. This suggests that the variation in current capability appears as variation in low resistance value.
- an adjustment means described in Patent Document 2 is useful in which the resistance level is adjusted while sequentially increasing the same polarity voltage at the time of low resistance writing.
- the reliability of data discrimination is improved by separating a distribution difference between a high resistance state and a low resistance state of a large number of memory cells with a margin.
- the read speed of a memory device is generally adjusted by the worst value of a memory cell (a memory cell in a low resistance state) in which a large amount of cell current flows.
- the upper limit of the low resistance value is kept low. Leads to higher speed. Therefore, it is extremely important to set the cell current amount of the memory cell in the low resistance state to be higher than a specified value.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory devices include a variable resistance nonvolatile memory device including a memory cell having an oxygen-deficient oxide of a transition metal such as tantalum or hafnium in a variable resistance layer. Are considering.
- the oxygen-deficient oxide refers to an oxide in which oxygen is insufficient from the stoichiometric composition.
- metal oxides having a stoichiometric composition exhibit insulating properties, but by being oxygen-deficient, they exhibit semiconductor or conductive properties.
- a positive voltage write pulse is applied, and when transitioning to a low resistance state, a negative voltage write is performed.
- a rewriting method similar to that shown in Patent Document 2 is applied, such as applying a pulse, when changing from a high resistance state to a low resistance state, the low resistance level does not become sufficiently low and the high resistance side It may be in a shifted state, which is a problem.
- the low resistance state that remains in the intermediate low resistance state is referred to as a half LR.
- the half LR level memory cell state is rate-determined, and the reading window is the resistance difference between the high resistance state and the low resistance state As a result, the reading speed decreases, or the window disappears due to variations in the resistance state, and reading may not be possible.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a resistance change element writing method and a non-volatile memory device that enable this.
- one embodiment of a resistance change element writing method includes a first electrode and a second electrode, depending on a polarity of a voltage applied between the first and second electrodes.
- the present invention also includes a resistance change type comprising a first electrode and a second electrode and reversibly transitioning between a high resistance state and a low resistance state according to the polarity of a voltage applied between the first and second electrodes.
- a resistance change type comprising a first electrode and a second electrode and reversibly transitioning between a high resistance state and a low resistance state according to the polarity of a voltage applied between the first and second electrodes.
- a resistance variable nonvolatile memory element including a low resistance stabilization writing step of setting the resistance variable nonvolatile memory element in a low resistance state by applying a positive voltage to the second electrode with respect to the first electrode It may be implemented as initialization method.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device that stores data in a variable resistance nonvolatile memory element, and includes a first electrode and a second electrode.
- a plurality of variable resistance nonvolatile memory elements that switch reversibly between a high resistance state and a low resistance state according to the polarity of the voltage applied between the first and second electrodes and a switch element are connected in series.
- a memory cell array composed of the memory cells, a selection unit for selecting at least one memory cell from the memory cell array, and a power supply for writing data to the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element Based on the power supply for writing and the power supplied from the power supply for writing, the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element included in the memory cell selected by the selection unit is deselected.
- a write circuit for applying a voltage for writing data is a high-resistance power supply for supplying power for bringing the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element into a high-resistance state; and the resistor A power supply for reducing resistance that supplies power for setting the variable nonvolatile memory element to a low resistance state and a power supply for additionally setting the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element to a stable low resistance state are supplied
- the resistance change type nonvolatile memory element included in the memory cell selected by the selection unit based on the power source from the high resistance power source. Is applied to the second electrode with respect to the first electrode of the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element as a reference.
- a low-resistance write unit that applies a voltage to the memory cell so that a second voltage is applied to the second electrode with reference to the first electrode of the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element;
- the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element included in the memory cell selected by the selection unit based on a power source from the low-resistance stabilized writing power source after the negative second voltage application by the programming programming unit Is applied to the second electrode with reference to the first electrode of the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element, so that a positive third voltage required to bring the memory cell into a low resistance state is applied to the memory cell.
- a positive voltage can be applied by the low resistance stabilization writing unit after a negative voltage for reducing the resistance of the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element is applied by the low resistance writing unit. Even if the resistance change type nonvolatile memory element is half LR by the write-in / write unit, the resistance change type nonvolatile memory element can be surely reduced in resistance by subsequent writing by the low resistance stabilization writing unit. Can do.
- the resistance change element is reduced to half LR when the resistance change element is written with low resistance, the resistance is surely reduced by the low resistance stabilization write, so that half LR appears.
- a resistance change nonvolatile memory device and a resistance change nonvolatile memory device capable of suppressing variation in a low resistance state and ensuring a maximum resistance change window are provided. The Therefore, it is possible to stabilize the resistance change state of the variable resistance nonvolatile memory element, and it is possible to increase the reading speed of the memory and improve the yield.
- FIGS. 1A to 1C are configuration diagrams of a resistance change element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- 3A to 3D are pulse VI characteristic graphs of the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing resistance change characteristics by applying positive and negative alternating pulses to the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a resistance change characteristic graph by applying positive and negative alternating pulses to the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C are pulse VI characteristic graphs of the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- 7A to 7C are pulse VI characteristic graphs of the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D are estimation diagrams of resistance change mechanisms in the state of the half LR according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 9A to 9D are explanatory diagrams of a resistance change mechanism in the state of the half LR according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of the nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a detailed configuration diagram of a power supply and a write circuit mounted in the nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a detailed configuration diagram of the sense amplifier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the determination current level of the sense amplifier according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of the nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a detailed configuration diagram of a power supply and a write circuit mounted in the nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the memory cell portion of the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 15A to 15D are various sequence diagrams for the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16A is a rewrite state transition diagram for the selected memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16B is a rewrite state transition diagram for the selected memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17A is a flowchart of low resistance stabilization writing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17B is a flowchart of low resistance stabilization writing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17A is a flowchart of low resistance stabilization writing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18A is a sequence diagram of low resistance stabilization writing and an image diagram of a selected memory cell state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18B is a sequence diagram of low resistance stabilization writing and an image diagram of a selected memory cell state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a rewrite state transition diagram for the selected memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a rewrite state transition diagram for the selected memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart of low resistance stabilization writing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a sequence diagram of low resistance stabilization writing and an image diagram of a selected memory cell state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart of low resistance stabilization writing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a second block diagram of the nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- 25 (a) and 25 (b) are pulse VI characteristic graphs of the resistance change element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a voltage-current characteristic diagram when rewriting a single variable resistance element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 27A and 27B are graphs for explaining a pulse voltage setting method of the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 28A and 28B are explanatory diagrams of voltage application to the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart of low resistance stabilization writing of the memory cell according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart of low resistance stabilization writing with verify according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 is a configuration diagram of a low-resistance stabilization write pulse voltage generation circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a configuration diagram of a memory cell described in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 33 is an analysis diagram of the write operation point of the memory cell described in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 34 is a configuration diagram of the memory cell described in Patent Document 2.
- FIGS. 35A and 35B are rewrite flowcharts of memory cells described in Patent Document 2.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device including a memory cell using a tantalum or hafnium oxygen-deficient oxide for a variable resistance layer as a nonvolatile variable resistance material.
- FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C show schematic diagrams of the three types of variable resistance elements 10a, 10b, and 10c.
- oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (TaO x ) or oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide (HfO x ′ ) is used for the resistance change layer 13, and 300 ° C., 200 W, 20 seconds at its upper interface.
- oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (TaO x ) or oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide (HfO x ′ ) is used for the resistance change layer 13, and 300 ° C., 200 W, 20 seconds at its upper interface. by the irradiation of oxygen plasma, thin to form an oxide layer 12 formed of TaO X or HfO X 'oxygen of high TaO y or HfO y than', the upper electrode 11 composed of this platinum (Pt) And a lower electrode 14t composed of tantalum nitride (TaN).
- an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (TaO x ) or oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide (HfO x ′ ) is used for the resistance change layer 13, and this is formed by the upper electrode 11 made of platinum Pt. And a lower electrode 14t composed of tantalum nitride (TaN).
- FIG. 1 (c) using an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide to the resistance variable layer 13 (TaO X) or oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide (HfO X '), is irradiated with oxygen plasma in the upper interface, TaO X or thinner to form an oxide layer 12 formed of HfO X 'oxygen of high TaO y or HfO y than' which platinum (Pt) as sandwiched between the upper electrode 11 and lower electrode 14p composed of The structure was
- the oxygen-deficient oxide refers to an oxide in which oxygen is insufficient from the stoichiometric composition.
- Ta 2 O 5 is an oxide having a stoichiometric composition.
- oxygen is contained 2.5 times as much as tantalum, and it is 71.4% in terms of oxygen content.
- the oxide is called oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide.
- a hafnium oxide (HfO X ′ ) is called an oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide when 0 ⁇ x ′ ⁇ 2.0 is satisfied.
- metal oxides having a stoichiometric composition exhibit insulating properties, but by being oxygen-deficient, they exhibit semiconductor or conductive properties.
- nonvolatile memory elements that use oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide for the resistance change film
- resistance change occurs predominantly in the vicinity of one electrode by using materials with different standard electrode potentials for the upper and lower electrodes.
- an ideal bipolar resistance change can be realized.
- the resistance change mode is not mixed and stable resistance change operation is possible.
- the oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide is used for the resistance change layer and the notation of HfO X ′ is x ′
- the range of the resistance change layer is more appropriate than 0.9 ⁇ x ′ ⁇ 1.6. I can say that.
- tantalum oxide when tantalum oxide is used as the variable resistance film, a material having a difference larger than the standard electrode potential of tantalum and having a large difference is used for one electrode material, and tantalum is used for the other electrode material.
- a material having a larger difference than the standard electrode potential may be used.
- a material larger than the standard electrode potential of tantalum is used for one electrode material, and a material smaller than the standard electrode potential of tantalum is used for the other electrode material.
- one electrode material is larger than the standard electrode potential of hafnium and has a large difference
- the other electrode material is a hafnium standard electrode.
- a material having a larger difference than the potential may be used. More preferably, a material that is larger than the standard electrode potential of hafnium is used for one electrode material, and a material that is smaller than the standard electrode potential of hafnium may be used for the other electrode material.
- the resistance change layer is mainly composed of an oxygen-deficient transition metal oxide layer, and the first electrode and the second electrode are made of materials composed of different elements, and the first electrode If the standard electrode potential V1, the standard electrode potential V2 of the second electrode, and the standard electrode potential Vt of the transition metal constituting the transition metal oxide layer satisfy Vt ⁇ V2 and V1 ⁇ V2, Good.
- the second electrode material is platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gold (Au), or the like
- the first electrode material is preferably tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), or the like.
- the second electrode is selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Pd, Ag, Cu, Au, etc.
- the first electrode is a group consisting of W, Ni, Ta, Ti, Al, etc. Is preferably selected.
- the second electrode material is Pt, Ir, Pd, Ag, Cu, Au, W or the like
- the first electrode material is hafnium. (Hf), Ti, Al and the like are desirable. Therefore, the second electrode is selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Pd, Ag, Cu, Au, W, etc.
- the first electrode is selected from the group consisting of Hf, Ti, Al, etc. Preferably it is done.
- the oxygen concentration of the resistance change film is selectively changed near the interface between the electrode having a high standard electrode potential and the resistance change film, and a stable resistance change characteristic is obtained.
- the variable resistance layer includes a first oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide layer having a composition represented by TaO x (where 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.9), TaO y (where x ⁇ y And a second oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide layer having a composition represented by the following formula: HfO X ′ (where 0.9 ⁇ x ′ ⁇ 1.6 And a second oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide layer having a composition represented by HfO y ′ (where x ′ ⁇ y ′). It is good also as a laminated structure by laminating.
- the oxygen concentration of the second oxygen-deficient metal oxide layer changes in the vicinity of the interface between the second oxygen-deficient metal oxide layer and the electrode, and stable resistance change characteristics are obtained. can get.
- FIG. 2 shows a 1T1R type memory cell 105 in which the resistance change element 10a is connected to the transistor 104, and is formed by connecting the lower electrode 14t of the resistance change element 10a and the diffusion region 302b of the transistor 104 with vias 20.
- the upper electrode 11 is led out to the second wiring layer 17 by the via 19 and the diffusion region 302a of the transistor 104 connected to the lower electrode 14t is led to the first wiring layer 18 by the via 21.
- Reference numeral 303 a denotes a gate oxide film constituting the transistor 104.
- the memory cell 105 of FIG. 2 shows the case where the resistance change element 10a shown in FIG. 1A is applied as the resistance change element, but the resistance change element 10b shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C.
- the lower electrode 14p or 14t and the diffusion region 302b of the transistor 104 are connected by the via 20 similarly to the resistance change element 10a.
- FIG. 3 is a graph of current-voltage characteristics showing an example of the state of the pulse voltage (Vp) and the cell current (Ir) accompanying the resistance change of the memory cell 105.
- the abscissa indicates the value obtained by shifting from negative voltage to positive voltage.
- the write or erase threshold voltage is the maximum voltage (absolute value) that can be applied without changing the resistance value of the resistance change element, and is the maximum voltage that can be applied when reading without changing the resistance value of the resistance change element. It is also a voltage (absolute value).
- FIG. 3B is a graph showing the pulse VI characteristics (the pulse voltage Vp is applied to the variable resistance element and the cell current Ir flowing through the variable resistance element is measured at that time) when the low resistance state (LR) is achieved.
- the first measurement result by the evaluation method shows the second measurement result by the evaluation method
- FIG. 3D shows the third measurement result by the evaluation method. Since then, the repetition of almost the same waveform is omitted.
- Forming is a state in which a variable resistance element in an initial state immediately after manufacture can be reversibly transitioned between a high resistance state (HR) and a low resistance state (LR) according to the polarity of an applied voltage.
- HR high resistance state
- LR low resistance state
- FIG. 3 (b) shows a resistance change characteristic graph before the measurement
- FIG. 5 shows a resistance change characteristic graph after the measurement of FIG.
- FIG. 3A is a pulse VI characteristic graph in the first forming immediately after manufacturing, and the resistance state before measurement is in a high resistance state.
- Vp ⁇ 2.4V ⁇ + 2.4V 41 times applied
- FIG. 3A is a pulse VI characteristic graph in the first forming immediately after manufacturing, and the resistance state before measurement is in a high resistance state.
- resistance change measurement by applying positive and negative alternating pulses in FIG. 4 is performed next.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the state of resistance change when positive and negative alternating pulses are applied to the memory cell 105 similar to FIG. 3 after the forming shown in FIG. Specifically, a voltage 2.4 V sufficient to turn on the transistor 104 is applied to the gate of the transistor 104, and the resistance change element 10a has a low resistance and a high voltage between the terminals US with the terminal S as a reference. Pulse voltages of ⁇ 2.4V and + 2.4V, which are sufficiently larger than the resistance change threshold for resistance, are alternately applied. After forming shown in FIG.
- the resistance change due to the application of alternating positive and negative pulses is an intermediate between the high resistance state (about 1 to 3 ⁇ A) and the low resistance state (about 70 ⁇ A), such as point L1 and point L10 in the low resistance state.
- This is an unstable characteristic graph in which a resistance state (half LR) sometimes exists, and this is a specific example of the problem to be solved by the present invention.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that there are three types of occurrence of the half LR state in the repeated measurement of the pulse VI characteristic of the memory cell.
- FIG. 3 (b) is a pulse VI characteristic graph further obtained from the positive / negative alternating pulse measurement of FIG. 4 (obtained after the positive / negative alternating pulse measurement shown in FIG. 4).
- the initial resistance state is the final state of FIG. 4 (high resistance state after 41 positive and negative alternating pulses are applied).
- Vp negative pulse voltage
- the memory cell 105 was initially in a high resistance state, but the pulse voltage Vp fell below Vth (the absolute value of Vp Changes to a low resistance state when the absolute value exceeds Vth).
- the resistance level in the low resistance state is about 34 ⁇ A in terms of cell current, which is a half LR state.
- the pulse voltage Vp is sequentially changed from the negative voltage side to the positive voltage side.
- the pulse voltage exceeds approximately +1 V and reaches Vtl
- the cell current increases to 55 ⁇ A, compared with the case where the negative voltage pulse is applied.
- the pulse voltage further changes to a low resistance state (normal low resistance state) and exceeds Vtl
- the cell current drops to about 8 ⁇ A and changes to a high resistance state.
- the voltage Vtl at which the transition from the low resistance state to the high resistance state starts is called “high resistance threshold voltage (or high resistance start voltage)”.
- This voltage is also a voltage at which the resistance value of the resistance change element in the half LR state is the lowest (becomes a normal low resistance state).
- the state when the negative pulse voltage is applied, the state is temporarily changed to the low resistance state of the intermediate level (half LR state), but when a positive pulse voltage of Vtl or less is applied, the low resistance transitioned by the negative pulse voltage.
- a transition is made to a low resistance state (normal low resistance state) having a resistance value lower than that of the state, and then a positive pulse voltage exceeding Vtl is applied, a transition is made to the high resistance state.
- Fig. 3 (c) shows the second measurement result when the same sample as in Fig. 3 (b) was carried out under the same evaluation method and measurement conditions.
- the memory cell 105 was initially in a high resistance state as in the first time, but when the pulse voltage Vp fell below Vth, it changed to a sufficiently low (normal) low resistance state, and the pulse voltage was further lowered. Then, the cell current rises to 70 ⁇ A, and then the pulse voltage Vp is changed from the negative voltage side to the positive voltage side, but the cell current is maintained at approximately 70 ⁇ A until the pulse voltage is equal to or lower than Vtl. When the pulse voltage exceeds Vtl, the cell current drops to about 10 ⁇ A.
- FIG. 3 (d) shows the third measurement result in which the same sample as in FIG. 3 (b) was carried out under the same evaluation method and measurement conditions.
- FIG. 3D follows a substantially similar trajectory as FIG.
- Fig. 3 (b) and Fig. 3 (c) clearly differ in the process of changing to the low resistance state. That is, even when the same pulse voltage sufficient to make a transition from the high resistance state to the low resistance state is applied, in the case of FIG. 3B, the intermediate state between the high resistance state and the low resistance state in FIG. This is a phenomenon in which the resistance changes only to the level (that is, in a half LR state). In such a state, the positive pulse voltage Vtl or slightly lower is applied, and the resistance state of the memory cell is as shown in FIG. It can be changed to a level close to the low resistance state of (c).
- characteristic type 1 the characteristic of the memory cell that becomes the pulse VI characteristic graph as shown in FIG. 3C
- characteristic type 2 the characteristic of the memory cell that becomes the pulse VI characteristic graph as shown in FIG. The characteristic will be referred to as characteristic type 2.
- FIG. 3B the resistance change estimation mechanism of the characteristic type 2 in which the low resistance state peaks at the half LR state and the positive voltage near Vtl is shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D. Will be described below.
- the movement of oxygen ions 16 between the resistance change layer 13 and the oxide layer 12 in the vicinity of the upper electrode interface causes a high resistance state (FIG. 8A) and a low resistance state (FIG. 8B) or FIG. c)) is created.
- the oxygen ions 16 are taken into the oxide layer 12 and become a high oxidation state, the resistance state is high.
- the oxygen ions 16 are released from the oxide layer 12 and become a low oxidation state, the resistance state is low.
- Oxygen ions are moved by forming an oxide layer 12 on the upper electrode 11 side as shown in FIG. 8A, or a material (for example, a material that is less likely to be oxidized than the metal constituting the resistance change layer 13 as shown in FIG. 1B).
- the resistance change phenomenon is caused by the upper electrode 11 and the resistance change layer 13 by using the upper electrode 11 as a noble metal material such as platinum and the lower electrode 14t as a material (for example, tantalum nitride) that is more easily oxidized than the material constituting the upper electrode 11. Near the interface.
- the oxygen ions 16 are absorbed by the variable resistance layer in the vicinity of the upper electrode, and the oxide layer contains a high concentration of oxygen. 12 is formed to change to a high resistance state (FIG. 8A).
- the phenomenon that the cell current is maximized (lower resistance is further reduced) by applying a positive voltage pulse in the vicinity of Vtl is due to the presence of a thin oxide layer 15 near the lower electrode interface. It is presumed that oxygen ions 16 are moving between the layer 15 and the resistance change layer 13. In this case, a positive voltage pulse is applied to the terminal U on the upper electrode side with respect to the terminal L on the lower electrode side. Then, a current flows from the upper electrode to the lower electrode, oxygen ions 16 are released from the thin oxide layer 15 near the lower electrode interface, and the vicinity of the lower electrode interface changes to a low resistance state (FIG. 8D).
- the resistance state of the oxide layer 12 near the upper electrode interface and the oxide layer 15 near the lower electrode interface infers the ease of resistance change in the oxide layer 15 from the potential applied to each oxide layer.
- the change in resistance of the oxide layer 15 near the electrode interface will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 (a) to 9 (d).
- 9A to 9D correspond to FIGS. 8A to 8D, respectively.
- the two series resistances 117 and 118 in FIGS. 9A to 9D indicate the resistance 117 representing the resistance state of the oxide layer 12 near the upper electrode interface and the resistance state of the oxide layer 15 near the lower electrode interface.
- the resistance 118 to represent is meant.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B show changes in the resistance state of HR (high resistance) and LR (low resistance) in a normal state, both of which are the oxide layer 15 near the lower electrode interface. Since the resistance 118 is in the low resistance state (LR), there is almost no potential difference in the oxide layer 15, that is, the resistance 118, and therefore it is assumed that the resistance change of the oxide layer 15 near the lower electrode interface does not occur. On the other hand, in the case of FIG. 9D, in the half LR state before the improvement of the LR state (that is, in the state before the change), the state of the resistance 118 of the oxide layer 15 near the lower electrode interface is the high resistance state (HR).
- HR high resistance state
- the state of the resistance 117 of the oxide layer 12 near the upper electrode interface is the low resistance state (LR).
- LR low resistance state
- the oxide layer near the upper electrode interface The voltage Vu applied to 12 (resistor 117) is small, and the voltage Vl applied to the oxide layer 15 (resistor 118) near the lower electrode interface is large. Therefore, the oxide layer 15 in the vicinity of the lower electrode interface is likely to exceed the resistance change threshold voltage. In such a case, it is assumed that the oxide layer 15 changes from the high resistance state to the low resistance state. In the case of FIG.
- the state of the resistance 118 of the oxide layer 15 near the lower electrode interface is low resistance (LR) before the pulse application (that is, before the change), and the upper electrode interface.
- the state of the resistor 117 of the nearby oxide layer 12 is a high resistance state (HR).
- HR high resistance state
- the oxide layer 12 (resistor 117) near the upper electrode interface is applied.
- the applied voltage Vu is large, and the voltage Vl applied to the oxide layer 15 (resistor 118) near the lower electrode interface is small. Therefore, the oxide layer 12 near the upper electrode interface is likely to exceed the resistance change threshold voltage.
- the oxide layer 12 changes from the high resistance state to the low resistance state, and then the oxide layer 15 near the lower electrode interface.
- the voltage Vl applied to (resistor 118) increases and exceeds the resistance change threshold voltage, it is assumed that the resistance state changes from the low resistance state to the high resistance state.
- the second and third pulse VI characteristics are as shown in FIG. 3 (b), and the resistance state after application of the negative voltage pulse is half LR (that is, low cell
- the positive voltage pulse near Vtl was applied in the first pulse VI characteristic evaluation of FIG. 16 is emitted, the resistance state in the vicinity of the lower electrode interface is lowered, and it is assumed that the low resistance state in the vicinity of the lower electrode is maintained in the subsequent pulse VI characteristic evaluation.
- FIG. 5 shows the state of resistance change measured by applying a second positive / negative alternating pulse.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of measurement under the same conditions as FIG. 4 after the measurement of FIG.
- the resistance is increased to about 7 ⁇ A
- a pulse of ⁇ 2.4 V is applied, the resistance is decreased to about 70 ⁇ A.
- the alternating positive and negative pulses in FIG. 5 are applied, the low resistance state is stable unlike FIG.
- the pulse VI characteristic evaluation of FIG. 3B is involved, and in particular, positive voltage application in the vicinity of Vtl is greatly related. Considering the mechanism, it is assumed that the subsequent operation is stabilized by the release of oxygen ions from the oxide layer 15 near the lower electrode interface by the voltage near Vtl.
- the memory cell in the initial state immediately after manufacture needs the same operation as the first pulse VI characteristic evaluation, and in particular, in order to shift the low resistance state from the half LR state to the low resistance state, Vtl It can be seen that applying a nearby voltage (more precisely, a voltage lower than Vtl and close to Vtl) is extremely effective.
- the present inventors have the resistance change characteristic to the unstable low resistance state (half LR) shown in FIG. It has been found that the resistance can be reduced by applying a voltage lower than Vtl and close to Vtl. Further, (i) in the initial state immediately after manufacture, the oxide layer near the lower electrode is assumed to be in a high resistance state in the majority of memory cells, and therefore, once by applying a voltage lower than Vtl and close to Vtl. It is necessary to stabilize the oxide layer near the lower electrode by reducing the resistance.
- the pulse VI characteristic of the memory cell 105 as shown in FIG. 3D exceeds the threshold voltage Vth at which the write pulse voltage Vp is gradually lowered from 0 V in the negative voltage direction and the resistance reduction is started.
- the pulse voltage Vp is further lowered, the resistance reduction is stopped, and the resistance change of the memory cell is saturated.
- the write pulse voltage Vp is gradually increased from a negative voltage to a positive voltage, and when it exceeds a positive threshold voltage Vtl at which high resistance is started, the low resistance state is changed to the high resistance state, and the pulse voltage Vp is further increased.
- the pulse voltage Vp is gradually changed in the negative direction or the positive direction.
- the resistance change element applies a pulse having a magnitude exceeding the threshold voltage once to FIG. It is possible to change the resistance between the low resistance state and the high resistance state shown.
- a voltage 2.4 V sufficient to turn on is applied to the gate of the memory cell 105 similar to FIG. 3D, and the resistance of the terminal U is reduced with respect to the terminal S.
- pulse voltages of ⁇ 2.4 V and 2.4 V which are larger than the resistance change threshold for increasing resistance, are alternately applied.
- a 2.4 V pulse is applied to the memory cell 105 that has been in a low resistance state, the resistance is increased, and it is found that the resistance level is about 7 ⁇ A in the subsequent reading measurement. This resistance value level is very close after the application of 2.4 (V) of the pulse VI characteristic of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a graph of current-voltage characteristics of the state of resistance change of a memory cell 105 of another sample different from FIG. 6A is a measurement result from the initial state immediately after manufacture by the evaluation method, FIG. 6B is a second measurement result by the evaluation method, and FIG. 6C is the evaluation method. It is a 4th measurement result.
- FIG. 6 (a) is the first pulse VI characteristic graph immediately after manufacturing, and the initial resistance state is a high resistance state.
- the memory cell 105 When a negative pulse voltage is applied while transitioning the pulse voltage Vp from 0V to the negative voltage side, the memory cell 105 is initially in a high resistance state, but when the pulse voltage Vp falls below Vth0, it enters a low resistance state. It has changed. That is, the forming is completed. However, the resistance level in the low resistance state is about 35 ⁇ A in terms of cell current. That is, it is in a half LR state. Thereafter, the pulse voltage Vp is changed from the negative voltage side to the positive voltage side, but the cell current rises from around the pulse voltage exceeding approximately 1V, and reaches about 57 ⁇ A at the maximum. When the pulse voltage exceeds Vtl, the cell current increases. Decreases to about 4 ⁇ A.
- Fig. 6 (b) shows the second measurement result when the same sample as Fig. 6 (a) was carried out under the same evaluation method and measurement conditions.
- the memory cell 105 was initially in a high resistance state.
- the pulse voltage Vp falls below Vth
- the memory cell 105 changes to a low resistance state (normal low resistance state).
- the current rises to about 64 ⁇ A, and then the pulse voltage Vp is changed from the negative voltage side to the positive voltage side.
- the pulse voltage is equal to or lower than Vtl
- the cell current is almost the same as when a negative pulse voltage is applied.
- the pulse voltage exceeds Vtl the cell current drops to about 7 ⁇ A.
- FIG. 6C shows a fourth measurement result obtained by performing the same sample as in FIG. 6A with the same evaluation method and measurement conditions.
- FIG. 6C follows a substantially similar trajectory as FIG.
- characteristic type 2 as shown in FIG. 6C occasionally appears. To do.
- FIG. 7A is a pulse VI characteristic graph from the initial state immediately after manufacturing, and the initial resistance state is a high resistance state.
- the memory cell 105 When a negative pulse voltage is applied while transitioning the pulse voltage Vp from 0 V to the negative voltage side, the memory cell 105 was initially in a high resistance state, but when the pulse voltage Vp fell below Vth0, the low resistance state Has changed. That is, the forming is completed. However, the resistance level in the low resistance state is about 40 ⁇ A in terms of cell current. That is, it is in a half LR state. Thereafter, the pulse voltage Vp is changed from the negative voltage side to the positive voltage side. When the pulse voltage is near Vtl, the cell current increases to 63 ⁇ A, and when the pulse voltage exceeds Vtl, the cell current decreases to about 4 ⁇ A. .
- 7 (b) and 7 (c) show the second and third measurement results obtained by performing the same sample as in FIG. 7 (a) under the same evaluation method and measurement conditions.
- 7B and 7C the resistance level in the half LR state is different from that in FIG. 7A, but when a positive voltage pulse in the vicinity of Vtl is applied, the cell current tends to increase.
- the memory cell is once in a normal low resistance state.
- the characteristic type 2 appears almost every time even if the sample is repeatedly measured by the same evaluation method.
- FIGS. 3, 6, and 7 have the same configuration as that of the memory cell 105 shown in FIG. 2, although the evaluation samples are different.
- all of the characteristics are characteristic type 2 in the first pulse VI characteristic graph immediately after manufacturing, and in the second and subsequent times, only characteristic type 1 appears in FIG. 3, and the sample in FIG. 1 and characteristic type 2 both appear, and in the sample of FIG. 7, only characteristic type 2 appears.
- the characteristic type differs from sample to sample, and the characteristic is that pulse VI like characteristic type 2 is different. Because of the existence of the characteristics, we have found that there is a memory cell with the new characteristics and that it will always appear the first time.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory device is a nonvolatile memory device having 1T1R type memory cells in which the variable resistance element shown in FIG. 2 and a MOS transistor are connected in series.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the nonvolatile memory device 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the nonvolatile memory device 200 includes a memory main body 201 on a semiconductor substrate, and the memory main body 201 includes a memory cell array 202, a row selection circuit 208, A row driver 207 including a word line driver WLD and a source line driver SLD, a column selection circuit 203, a write circuit 206 for writing data, and an amount of current flowing through the selected bit line are detected and stored.
- a sense amplifier 204 for determining whether the data is “0 (low resistance state)” or “1 (high resistance state)”, a data input circuit 215 that performs input processing of input data via the terminal Din, and a terminal Dout And a data output circuit 205 that performs output processing of output data.
- the power source 211 for writing includes a power source 212 for reducing resistance (LR), a power source for increasing resistance (HR) 213, and a power source for writing low resistance (LR) 214.
- the output V2 of the power supply 212 for conversion is supplied to the row driver 207 and the write circuit 206, and the output V1 of the power supply 213 for high resistance (HR) and the output V3G of the low resistance (LR) stabilization power supply 214 are This is supplied to the writing circuit 206.
- an address input circuit 209 that receives an address signal input from the outside
- a control circuit 210 that controls the operation of the memory main body 201 and the operation of the write power supply 211 based on a control signal input from the outside are provided. ing.
- the memory cell array 202 includes a plurality of word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,... And a plurality of bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,. And a plurality of NMOS transistors N11, N12, N13, N21 provided corresponding to the intersections of these word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,... And bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,. N22, N23, N31, N32, N33,... (Hereinafter referred to as “transistors N11, N12,...”) And a plurality of transistors N11, N12,. Resistance change elements R11, R12, R13, R21, R22, R23, R31, R32, R33,...
- resistance change elements R11, R12, ... are the memory cells described above as basic data of the present invention.
- the gates of the transistors N11, N21, N31,... are connected to the word line WL0, and the gates of the transistors N12, N22, N32,.
- the gates of N23, N33,... are connected to the word line WL2, and the gates of the transistors N14, N24, N34,.
- the transistors N11, N21, N31,... And the transistors N12, N22, N32,... are connected in common to the source line SL0, and the transistors N13, N23, N33,. N34,... Are commonly connected to the source line SL2.
- resistance change elements R11, R12, R13, R14... are connected to the bit line BL0
- resistance change elements R21, R22, R23, R24... Are connected to the bit line BL1
- resistance change elements R31, R32 are connected.
- R33, R34... are connected to the bit line BL2.
- the address input circuit 209 receives an address signal from an external device (not shown), outputs a row address signal to the row selection circuit 208 based on the address signal, and outputs a column address signal to the column selection circuit 203.
- the address signal is a signal indicating an address of a specific memory cell selected from among the plurality of memory cells M11, M12,.
- the control circuit 210 controls the write power supply 211 and the write circuit 206 so that data is written to a resistance change element included in a memory cell selected by a selection unit described later.
- a voltage setting signal for instructing the voltage level of the pulse voltage at the time of writing is output to the power supply 211 for writing, and the voltage for writing is applied in accordance with the input data Din input to the data input circuit 215.
- An instructed write signal is output to the write circuit 206.
- the control circuit 210 outputs a read signal instructing a read operation to the sense amplifier 204.
- the row selection circuit 208 receives the row address signal output from the address input circuit 209, and in response to the row address signal, the row driver 207 selects any one of the plurality of word lines WL0, WL1, WL2,. A predetermined voltage is applied to the selected word line from the corresponding word line driver circuit WLD.
- the row selection circuit 208 receives the row address signal output from the address input circuit 209, and in response to the row address signal, from the row driver 207, a plurality of source lines SL0, SL2,. A predetermined voltage is applied to the selected source line from the source line driver circuit SLD corresponding to any of the above.
- the column selection circuit 203 receives the column address signal output from the address input circuit 209, and selects one of the plurality of bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,... According to the column address signal. A write voltage or a read voltage is applied to the selected bit line, and a non-select voltage is applied to the non-selected bit line.
- the row selection circuit 208 and the column selection circuit 203 constitute a selection unit that selects at least one memory cell from the memory cell array 202.
- the write circuit 206 applies a voltage pulse based on the power supplied from the write power supply 211 to the resistance change element included in the memory cell selected by the selection unit under the control of the control circuit 210.
- a write signal output from the control circuit 210 is received, a signal instructing application of a write voltage to the bit line selected by the column selection circuit 203 is received.
- the write pulse according to the voltage set by the write mode is output.
- the sense amplifier 204 detects the amount of current flowing through the selected bit line to be read according to one detection level according to the purpose from a plurality of detection levels in the data read cycle, and detects the amount of current flowing through the bit line. Whether the level is higher or lower is output as a logical result of data “0 (low resistance state)” or “1 (high resistance state)”, and the state of the stored data is determined.
- the output data DO obtained as a result is output to an external device via the data output circuit 205.
- the power supply 211 for writing includes an LR power supply 212 for supplying power for generating a pulse voltage at the time of low resistance (LR) writing (also referred to simply as writing), and a high resistance (HR) writing (simply referred to as erasing).
- the LR power supply 212 is input to the row driver 207 and the write circuit 206, and the others are input to the write circuit 206.
- the write function for the resistance change element of the control circuit 210 is summarized as follows.
- the control circuit 210 has (i) a positive first voltage necessary for setting the high resistance state based on the power supply from the high resistance (HR) power supply 213 as a write function for the variable resistance element.
- the control circuit 210 Based on the power source from the high resistance (HR) writing unit that controls the writing power source 211 and the writing circuit 206 to be applied to the resistance change element, and (ii) the power source from the low resistance (LR) power source 212.
- a low-resistance (LR) writing unit that controls the write power supply 211 and the write circuit 206 so that a negative second voltage necessary for setting the low-resistance state is applied to the resistance change memory element; (Iii) After applying the negative second voltage by the LR writing unit, it is necessary to reliably (or additionally) enter the low resistance state based on the power from the LR stabilized writing power source 214. Positive third voltage changes resistance As applied to the child, and an LR stabilization writing unit for controlling the write power 211 and write circuit 206.
- the resistance change element may have a low resistance or a half LR by applying a negative second voltage by the LR writing unit.
- the positive third voltage application by the LR stabilization writing unit ensures that the resistance change element has a low resistance when the resistance change element is half LR by the negative second voltage application by the LR writing unit.
- the three functions are functions that the writing circuit 206 exhibits under the control of the control circuit 210, so from the viewpoint of the writing function, It can also be said that the writing circuit 206 has a function.
- FIG. 11 shows detailed circuits of the LR power supply 212, the HR power supply 213, the LR stabilized write power supply 214, the write circuit 206, and their connection configurations. Although not shown in the figure, the power supply voltage input from the outside to the circuit of FIG.
- the internal configuration of the LR power supply 212 includes an LR reference voltage generator 221 and a differential amplifier circuit 222.
- the LR standard voltage generator 221 is a reference potential generator that outputs the pulse voltage level VREFLR of the write pulse at the time of LR write, and the differential amplifier circuit 222 is LR converted to one of the inputs of the differential amplifier circuit.
- This is a general configuration in which the output voltage VREFLR of the reference voltage generator 221 is input and the output V2 is fed back and input to the other.
- the reference voltage VREFLR is received, and the voltage V2 obtained by amplifying the current capability with the same voltage as VREFLR.
- An amplifying circuit (voltage follower) is generated.
- the internal configuration of the HR power supply 213 is composed of an HR reference voltage generator 224 and a differential amplifier circuit 225.
- the HR conversion reference voltage generator 224 is a reference potential generator that outputs the pulse voltage level VREFHR of the write pulse at the time of HR write, and the differential amplifier circuit 225 outputs HR to one of the inputs of the differential amplifier circuit.
- the reference voltage generator 224 receives the output voltage VREFHR, and the output V1 is fed back to the other.
- the reference voltage VREFHR is received and the voltage V1 obtained by amplifying the current capability with the same voltage as VREFHR is obtained.
- An amplifying circuit (voltage follower) is generated.
- the internal configuration of the low-resistance stabilized write power source 214 is that a plurality of fixed resistors 232 are connected in series between the VPP terminal and the ground terminal, and the VPP-side terminals nLa to nLn of each fixed resistor 232 are taken out.
- Each of nLa to nLn is connected on a one-to-one basis to one terminal of each of the switches 231a to 231n, and the output V3G is connected to all of the other terminals of the plurality of switches 231a to 231n.
- the switches 231a to 231n operate so that any one switch is turned on (conducted) and the other switches are turned off in accordance with an instruction from the applied voltage controller 229.
- the low-resistance stabilized writing power source 214 can supply a positive voltage that gradually increases by sequentially selecting and supplying one voltage selected from a plurality of voltages.
- the write circuit 206 includes a driver 226 that functions as the above-described LR write unit, a driver 227 that functions as the above-described HR write unit, and a low-resistance stabilized write circuit 236 that functions as the above-described low-resistance stabilized write unit. Is done.
- the driver 226 outputs either the V2 voltage or the ground voltage according to the pulse signal PLS from the control circuit 210 when the output enable signal EN2 from the control circuit 210 is High, and Hi-z (high impedance state) when EN2 is Low.
- the driver 227 outputs a V1 voltage or a ground voltage according to the pulse signal PLS when the output enable signal EN1 is High, and outputs Hi-z when the EN1 is Low. 3 state driver for HR pulses.
- the driver 233 In response to the instruction of the write pulse signal PLS from the control circuit 210, the driver 233 outputs a current amplified pulse to the output terminal VPLS.
- the maximum voltage is output to the output terminal DT.
- the output VPLS of the driver 233 outputs a rectangular pulse of 0V ⁇ VDD ⁇ 0V according to the change of the PLS signal
- the output of the N-channel transistor 234 (voltage at the output terminal DT) is a rectangle of 0V ⁇ V3 ⁇ 0V. It is output as a pulse (when VDD ⁇ V3).
- the voltage V1 equivalent to VREFHR is output, and the enable signal EN1 from the control circuit 210 is set to High and the driver 227 is set. Is set to Lo-z (low impedance) output, the enable signal EN2 is set to Low, the driver 226 is set to Hi-z output, the gate voltage of the N-channel transistor 234 is set to 0V, and is turned off.
- the driver 227 outputs a pulse of 0V ⁇ V1 (VREFHR) ⁇ 0V to the output terminal DT.
- the pulse output to the output terminal DT is applied to the selected memory cell via the column selection circuit 203.
- the voltage V2 equivalent to VREFLR is output, the enable signal EN2 from the control circuit 210 is set to High, and the driver 226 Is set to Lo-z output, the enable signal EN1 is set to Low, the driver 227 is set to Hi-z output, the gate voltage of the N-channel transistor 234 is set to 0V, and is turned off.
- the driver 226 outputs a pulse of 0V ⁇ V2 (VREFLR) ⁇ 0V to the output terminal DT.
- the pulse output to the output terminal DT is applied to the selected memory cell via the column selection circuit 203.
- the enable signals EN1 and EN2 from the control circuit 210 are set to Low, and the drivers 226 and 227 are Hi ⁇ z output.
- one of the switches 231a to 231n is turned on by the applied voltage controller 229, and the gate of the N-channel transistor 234 becomes the set voltage V3G.
- the driver 233 in response to the write pulse signal PLS from the control circuit 210, the driver 233 generates a pulse of 0V ⁇ VDD ⁇ 0V to the VPLS node, and the N-channel transistor 234 receives the pulse at the V3G voltage input to the gate.
- the high level VDD is clamped to (V3G ⁇ Vt), and a pulse of 0V ⁇ V3 (V3G ⁇ Vt) ⁇ 0V is output to the output terminal DT.
- the pulse output to the output terminal DT is applied to the selected memory cell via the column selection circuit 203.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed configuration of an example of the sense amplifier 204 in FIG.
- the sense amplifier 204 includes a current mirror circuit 244 having a mirror ratio of 1: 1, clamp transistors 240 and 241 having the same size, a reference circuit 252, and a buffer 245.
- one end of a branch in which a selection transistor 249 and a reference resistor 246 for low resistance (LR) verification are connected in series is connected to the ground potential, and the other terminal is connected to the source terminal of the clamp transistor 240. Further, the LR verify enable signal C1 from the control circuit 210 is input to the gate terminal of the selection transistor 249, and the selection transistor 249 is switched between a conductive state and a nonconductive state by the LR verify enable signal C1.
- LR verify enable signal C1 from the control circuit 210 is input to the gate terminal of the selection transistor 249, and the selection transistor 249 is switched between a conductive state and a nonconductive state by the LR verify enable signal C1.
- one end of the branch in which the selection transistor 250 and the reference resistor 247 for reading are connected in series is connected to the ground potential, the other terminal is connected to the source terminal of the clamp transistor 240, and the gate terminal of the selection transistor 250 Is supplied with the read enable signal C2 from the control circuit 210, and the select enable signal C2 switches the conduction / non-conduction state of the select transistor 250.
- the select transistor 251 and the high resistance (HR) verify are used.
- One end of the branch to which the reference resistor 248 is connected in series is connected to the ground potential, the other terminal is connected to the source terminal of the clamp transistor 240, and the gate terminal of the selection transistor 251 is connected to the HR from the control circuit 210.
- Verify enable signal C3 is input The HR verification enable signal C3, the selection transistor 250 is switched to conducting / non-conducting state.
- VCLP (0.9V) is input to the gate terminal in order to suppress the nodes NBL0 and NBL to the clamp voltage (0.4V), and the source terminal of the clamp transistor 241 is the column selection circuit 203.
- the drain terminals of the clamp transistors 240 and 241 are connected to the drain terminals of the transistors 242 and 243 constituting the current mirror circuit 244, respectively.
- the drain terminal potential of the clamp transistor 241 is inverted and amplified by the buffer 245 and transmitted to the data output circuit 205 as the sense amplifier output SAO.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the determination level of the sense amplifier 204.
- the sense amplifier 204 is connected between the cell current ILR (near 70 ⁇ A) of the memory cell in the low resistance (LR) state and the cell current IHR (near 10 ⁇ A) of the memory cell in the high resistance (HR) state.
- the first detection level is a read reference current IHLdet (40 ⁇ A)
- the second detection level is a high resistance (HR) verify reference current IHRdet (20 ⁇ A)
- the third detection level is low.
- the reference current ILRdet (60 ⁇ A) for low resistance (LR) verification is generated by applying a clamp voltage to a reference memory cell composed of a resistor 246 having a resistance value Rldt and a selection transistor 249.
- the read reference current IHLdet (40 ⁇ A) is generated by applying a clamp voltage to a reference memory cell composed of a resistor 247 having a resistance value Rmid and a select transistor 250, and is a reference for high resistance (HR) verification.
- the current IHRdet (20 ⁇ A) is generated by applying a clamp voltage to a reference memory cell composed of a resistor 248 having a resistance value Rhdt and a select transistor 251.
- the sense amplifier 204 shown in FIG. 10 detects the cell current of the selected memory cell to be read as the amount of current flowing through the selected bit line in the data read cycle, and the current is higher than the set detection level. Outputs a logic “0”, and outputs a logic “1” when the current is small, and the above three types of detection level settings are prepared.
- the first detection level is a detection level for distinguishing whether the resistance memory state of the selected memory cell is in a high resistance state or a low resistance state. Accordingly, an intermediate level between the cell current of the memory cell in the high resistance state (for example, 10 ⁇ A in FIG. 3C) and the cell current of the memory cell in the low resistance state (for example, 70 ⁇ A in FIG. 3C) (for example, 40 ⁇ A).
- the second detection level is a verification detection level for determining whether the resistance memory state of the selected memory cell is in a high resistance state having a sufficiently high resistance value. In particular, the resistance level of the selected memory cell is increased. After writing, whether the memory cell current is in a high resistance state (for example, 20 ⁇ A or less) in a later read cycle is set to a high resistance state with a sufficient margin with respect to the first detection level. Used for judgment purposes.
- the third detection level is a verification detection level for determining whether the resistance memory state of the selected memory cell is in a normal low resistance state, and particularly after the low resistance write of the selected memory cell, In order to determine whether the low resistance state is set with a sufficient margin with respect to the first detection level or whether the current of the memory cell is in the low resistance state (for example, 60 ⁇ A or more) in the subsequent read cycle. used.
- the third detection level can be used together with the first detection level to detect the state of the half LR. That is, when it is determined that the cell current of the selected memory cell is larger than the first detection level but smaller than the third detection level, the resistance change element of the selected memory cell is in the half LR state. Can be determined.
- FIG. 10 has a cross-sectional structure similar to that of FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, or FIG. 1C.
- the memory cells M11, M21,... are obtained by connecting resistance change elements R11, R21,... And N-channel transistors N11, N21, ... in series (R11 + N11, R21 + N21,). Each has the same structure as in FIG.
- the metal wiring 18 (terminal U) drawn from the upper electrode 11 of the resistance change element 10a in FIG. 2 by the via 19 is connected to a bit line (for example, BL0) extending vertically in the memory cell array 202 in FIG.
- the line is connected to the output terminal DT of the LR stabilization writing circuit 236 via the column selection circuit 203. Therefore, the positive voltage pulse output from the LR stabilization writing circuit 236 is applied to the upper electrode 11 of the resistance change element 10a.
- a positive pulse near the voltage Vtl is applied to the upper electrode 11, in the case of FIG. 3B, it is possible to transition from the half LR state to the low resistance state, and the positive pulse exceeding the voltage Vtl is applied to the upper electrode 11.
- the metal wiring when changing the resistance change element of the B mode to the low resistance state, the metal wiring is used with reference to the metal wiring 17 (terminal S) drawn from the diffusion region 302a of the transistor 104 connected to the lower electrode by the via 21.
- a negative voltage pulse is applied to 18 (terminal U).
- the “positive pulse” means a positive voltage pulse
- the “negative pulse” means a negative voltage pulse.
- 1A, 1B, and 1C change resistance in the B mode.
- the metal wiring 18 (terminal S) is connected to the bit line in order to obtain the same resistance change characteristic as in FIG. 3 using the A-mode memory cell.
- FIG. 3 (b), FIG. 3 (c), FIG. 3 (d), FIG. 6 (b), FIG. 6 (c) or FIG. 7 (a), FIG. 7 (b), and FIG. 7 (c) have similar characteristics.
- the absolute value of the write voltage required for the low resistance write is equal to or greater than the absolute value of Vth shown in FIG. 3, and the LR power supply 212 has an absolute value of the output voltage V2 of the resistance change element.
- the power supply circuit can apply a negative voltage exceeding Vth.
- the write voltage required for high resistance writing is equal to or higher than Vtl shown in FIG. 3, and the HR power supply 213 can apply a positive voltage whose output voltage V1 exceeds Vtl to the resistance change element. Power circuit.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration (configuration corresponding to 2 bits) of the memory cell 300 corresponding to part C in FIG. 10, and an enlarged view of the resistance change element 10a.
- the transistor 317 and the resistance change element 10a correspond to the transistors N11 and N12 and the resistance change elements R11 and R12 in FIG.
- the memory cell 300 includes a second N-type diffusion layer region 302a, a first N-type diffusion layer region 302b, a gate insulating film 303a, a gate electrode 303b, a first via 304, and a first wiring layer 305 on a semiconductor substrate 301.
- the second via 306, the second wiring layer 307, the third via 308, the resistance change element 10a, the fourth via 310, and the third wiring layer 311 are sequentially formed.
- a third wiring layer 311 connected to the fourth via 310 corresponds to the bit line BL0, and a first wiring layer 305 and a second wiring layer 307 connected to the second N-type diffusion layer region 302a of the transistor 317 are provided. Corresponds to the source line SL0 running perpendicular to the drawing.
- the voltage of the semiconductor substrate 301 is 0V, and is supplied from a 0V power line (not shown) in a generally known configuration.
- the resistance change element 10a has a lower electrode 14t, a resistance change layer 13, an oxide layer 12, and an upper electrode 11 formed on the third via 308 in a sandwich shape. Furthermore, it is connected to a fourth via 310 connected to the third wiring.
- the oxide layer 12 and the resistance change layer 13 are made of an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide
- the lower electrode 14t and the upper electrode 11 are made of different materials
- the lower electrode 14t hardly changes in resistance (upper electrode material).
- It is made of tantalum nitride (TaN), which is an electrode material that is more easily oxidized, and is connected to the first N-type diffusion layer region 302b of the transistor through a via, and the upper electrode 11 is likely to undergo a resistance change (resistance change layer).
- TaN tantalum nitride
- platinum platinum
- FIG. 15A to FIG. 15D are timing charts showing an operation example of the nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the case where the variable resistance layer is in the high resistance state is assigned to data “1” and the case where the resistance change layer is in the low resistance state is assigned to data “0”, and an example of the operation is shown. Further, the description is given only for the case where data is written to and read from the memory cell M11.
- FIG. 15A is a timing chart in which writing into the low resistance state is performed on the variable resistance element under the control of the LR writing unit of the control circuit 210
- FIG. 15B is the HR of the control circuit 210.
- FIG. 15C is a timing chart in which writing into a high resistance state is performed on the variable resistance element under the control of the control writing unit, and FIG. 15C shows the resistance change under the control of the LR stabilization writing unit of the control circuit 210. It is a timing chart which performs low resistance stabilization writing with respect to an element.
- the voltage V2 generated by the LR power supply 212 is the voltage value effectively applied to the resistance change elements R11, R12,..., And the absolute value of the low resistance threshold voltage Vth. The voltage value is determined to exceed.
- the voltage V1 generated by the HR power supply 213 and supplied to the bit line BL0 via the write circuit 206 is effectively applied to the resistance change elements R11, R12.
- the value is determined to be a voltage value exceeding the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl.
- the voltage V3 generated in the write circuit 206 is such that the voltage value effectively applied to the resistance change elements R11, R12... Is near the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl and exceeds Vtl.
- the variable voltage V3 from the LR stabilized write power source 214 is applied to the resistance change elements R11, R12.
- Vread is a read voltage generated by the sense amplifier 204, and a voltage sufficiently lower than the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl is effectively applied to the resistance change elements R11, R12. Is a voltage value.
- VDD corresponds to the power supply voltage supplied to the nonvolatile memory device 200 from the outside.
- the following control is performed under the control of the selection unit and the LR write unit of the control circuit 210.
- the selected bit line BL0 and the source line SL0 are set to the voltage V2.
- the selected word line WL0 is set to the voltage VDD, and the NMOS transistor N11 of the selected memory cell M11 is turned on.
- the voltage V2 is applied to both the second N-type diffusion layer region 302a and the first N-type diffusion layer region 302b of the transistor 317, no current flows through the transistor 317.
- the selected bit line BL0 is set to a voltage of 0 V for a predetermined period, and after the predetermined period, a pulse waveform that becomes the voltage V2 is applied again.
- a negative voltage having an absolute value exceeding the low resistance threshold voltage Vth is applied to the upper electrode 11 with respect to the lower electrode 14t as a reference to the resistance change element 10a, and writing is performed from a high resistance value to a low resistance value. Is done.
- the word line WL0 is set to a voltage of 0 V, the transistor 317 is turned off, and the writing of data “0” is completed.
- the following control is performed under the control of the selection unit and the HR write unit of the control circuit 210.
- the selected bit line BL0 and the source line SL0 are set to a voltage of 0V.
- the selected word line WL0 is set to the voltage VDD, and the NMOS transistor N11 of the selected memory cell M11 is turned on.
- the selected bit line BL0 is set to the voltage V1 for a predetermined period, and after the predetermined period, a pulse waveform having a voltage of 0 V is applied again.
- a positive voltage exceeding the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl is applied to the upper electrode 11 with reference to the lower electrode 14t, and writing is performed from a low resistance value to a high resistance value.
- the word line WL0 is set to a voltage of 0 V, and the writing of data “1” is completed.
- the following control is performed under the control of the selection unit, the LR stabilization write unit of the control circuit 210, and the like.
- the selected bit line BL0 and the source line SL0 are set to a voltage of 0V.
- the selected word line WL0 is set to the voltage VDD, and the NMOS transistor N11 of the selected memory cell M11 is turned on.
- the selected bit line BL0 is set to the voltage V3 for a predetermined period, and after the predetermined period, a pulse waveform having a voltage of 0 V is applied again.
- a positive voltage in the vicinity of the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl is applied to the upper electrode 11 with respect to the lower electrode 14t as a reference, and writing is performed from the half LR value to the low resistance value.
- the word line WL0 is set to a voltage of 0 V, and the low resistance stabilization write cycle is completed.
- This writing is characterized in that a pulse having a voltage application polarity that increases resistance and a voltage equal to or lower than the voltage that increases resistance is applied.
- the following control is performed under the control of the selection unit and the control circuit 210 and the like.
- the selected bit line BL0 and the source line SL0 are set to a voltage of 0V.
- the selected word line WL0 is set to the voltage VDD, and the NMOS transistor N11 of the selected memory cell M11 is turned on.
- the selected bit line BL0 is set to the read voltage Vread for a predetermined period, and the sense amplifier 204 detects the value of the current flowing through the selected memory cell M11, whereby the stored data is the data “0” or the data “ 1 ”. Thereafter, the word line WL0 is set to a voltage of 0 V, and the data read operation is completed.
- stabilized writing voltage application for stabilizing the resistance change characteristic of the variable resistance element is referred to as “stabilized writing”.
- LR stabilization writing in order to transition from an unstable low resistance state including the half LR to a normal low resistance state, “LR stabilization writing” is performed in which a positive voltage near Vtl is applied.
- LR stabilization writing can be said to be one of “stabilization writing” for reducing resistance.
- FIG. 16A is a state transition diagram showing an outline of processing from an initial state immediately after manufacturing to stabilization of a low resistance state and subsequent normal rewriting.
- state 407 is an initial state immediately after manufacture, and the resistance state is a high resistance state having a higher resistance value than the high resistance state during normal operation.
- a forming negative pulse application 408 lower than the forming threshold voltage Vth0 (forming process for reducing the initial state resistance; 4th voltage application) is implemented and it changes to the low resistance (half LR) state 402.
- Vth0 forming threshold voltage
- the characteristic type 2 is half LR.
- a positive pulse voltage that is, a positive first voltage
- Vtl that is, a positive third voltage
- Positive pulse rising continuous application 404 low resistance stabilization writing step; in other words, from positive third voltage application to positive first voltage
- the resistance change element is changed to the high resistance state 401 after the resistance change element is set to a normal low resistance state.
- the transition from the half LR state 402 to the high resistance state 401 is illustrated, but strictly speaking, in the middle of the transition, by positive voltage application near the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl.
- a normal low resistance state is included.
- the resistance change element becomes a normal resistance change, and in the case of changing the resistance from the high resistance state 401 to the low resistance state 403, the low resistance writing is performed.
- the negative voltage pulse application 406 low resistance write step; that is, negative second voltage application
- the resistance is increased.
- a positive voltage pulse application 405 (high resistance writing step; that is, positive first voltage application) exceeding the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl is performed as necessary.
- FIG. 17A shows a flowchart of stabilization from the initial state immediately after manufacturing to the low resistance state. This flowchart shows the detailed means (i) to (ii) in the state transition diagram of FIG. 16A, and is executed at the beginning of the function inspection in the wafer inspection.
- the memory cell to be selected is set to the initial address.
- a forming process is performed in process 410.
- the initial positive pulse voltage Vp for low resistance stabilization writing is set to 0.7V.
- a positive voltage pulse for low resistance stabilization writing is applied to the memory cell 105.
- the determination process 422 it is determined whether the positive pulse voltage Vp has reached the positive voltage pulse VHR (in this case, 2.4 V) for high resistance writing, If it has been reached ("Yes” in process 422), the process proceeds to process 424 to determine whether it is the final address, If it is the final address (“Yes” in process 422), the process ends (423), If it is not the final address (“No” in process 422), it is incremented to the next address in process 425, and the process is performed from the forming step 410 in (1) above.
- VHR positive voltage pulse VHR
- step 414 the positive pulse voltage Vp is set by increasing it by 0.1V.
- step 415 a positive voltage pulse for low resistance stabilization writing is applied to the memory cell 105 again. This is the same processing as (4) above.
- the memory cell state of the characteristic type 2 can be changed to the characteristic type 1 by first applying a positive voltage pulse near Vtl. .
- FIG. 18A shows a memory cell access sequence diagram (upper stage) when the flowchart of FIG. 17A is implemented in the nonvolatile memory device 200, and a resistance state image diagram of the selected memory cell by the cell current (lower stage).
- the selected memory cell in this sequence diagram is the memory cell M11 shown in FIG.
- the memory cell M11 is in a non-selected state, so that the initial voltage states of the word line WL0, the bit line BL0, and the source line SL0 are all 0V.
- the output of the LR power supply 212 is output to all the bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,.
- a voltage V2 is applied, and then a voltage VDD sufficient to turn on the transistor N11 is applied to the word line WL0.
- all of the memory cells M11, M21, M31,... On the same word line are turned on, but the resistance change of the resistance change elements R11, R21, R31,. Does not happen.
- the write circuit 206 receives the pulse signal PLS from the control circuit 210, the voltage of the selected bit line BL0 is changed from V2 ⁇ 0V ⁇ V2 according to the pulse signal, and the resistance state of the selected memory cell M11 is a high resistance immediately after manufacture. It changes from a state to a low resistance (half LR) state. Then, in order to finish the low resistance writing in the process 410, the word line WL0 is set to 0V, and all the bit lines BL0, BL1, BL2,... And the source line SL0 are set to 0V.
- low resistance stabilization writing of process 415 is performed in the period of tp1 to tpn.
- the output of the LR stabilizing write power source 214 is set to V31G in the process 421.
- the voltage selection switch 231 of the LR stabilization writing power source 214 is turned on and fixed only by any one of the switches 231a to 231n (for example, 231f is ON and the others are OFF) according to an instruction from the applied voltage controller 229.
- the potential V31G of the intermediate node to which the resistor 232 is connected in series is output to V3G (for example, the potential of the node nLf is output when 231f is ON).
- the pulse signal PLS from the control circuit 210 is received by the writing circuit 206, the pulse signal
- the voltage of the selected bit line BL0 is changed from 0V ⁇ V31 ⁇ 0V in accordance with the pulse time, and the resistance state of the selected memory cell M11 changes to a lower resistance (LR) state.
- the voltage selection switch 231 of the low resistance stabilization writing power source 214 changes the switch selection of the switches 231a to 231n to be turned on in the direction of increasing the voltage according to the instruction of the applied voltage controller 229 (for example, 231f is turned off, 231e is turned ON), and the potential V32G of the intermediate node having the fixed resistor 232 connected in series is output to V3G (for example, when 231e is ON, the potential of the node nLe is output).
- the write circuit 206 receives the pulse signal PLS from the control circuit 210 in the low resistance stabilization writing of the process 415, the voltage of the selected bit line BL0 is changed from 0V ⁇ V32 ⁇ 0V according to the pulse time of the pulse signal, and the selection is made.
- the resistance state of the memory cell M11 changes to a lower resistance (LR) state.
- the voltage of the word line WL0 continues to be VDD from the first time.
- the voltage selection switch 231 of the low-resistance stabilized write power supply 214 increases the voltage among the switches 231a to 231n according to the instruction of the applied voltage controller 229.
- the switch selection to turn on in the direction to be changed is changed again, the output voltage of V3G is increased, and the pulse voltage increased from the previous time from the write circuit 206 is applied to the selected bit line BL0 in processing 415.
- the write pulse voltage applied to the bit line BL0 is increased step by step until the pulse voltage becomes the high resistance pulse voltage V1. Applied.
- the increase amount of the pulse voltage is preferably 0.1 V or less from FIGS. 3, 6, and 7, but there is no problem even if the pulse voltage is increased to about 0.2 V for speeding up.
- the resistance value of the selected memory cell M11 gradually decreases from the half LR state (cell current increases), and when the write pulse voltage exceeds Vtl, the resistance state is high. (In FIG. 18A, it changes to a high resistance state at V3 (nk)).
- the resistance change element in the low resistance state (particularly, the resistance change element after forming or the resistance change element in the half LR) is changed from the low resistance state to the high resistance state. Sweeping the positive write pulse voltage so that it starts from a low positive voltage and passes through the voltage Vtl without being conscious of where the voltage Vtl starts to change to the resistance state (high resistance threshold voltage) Apply. Therefore, it is characterized by passing through a peak current state in the vicinity of Vtl, and characteristic type 2 is thereby eliminated. That is, the unstable variable resistance element that can take the half LR is initialized to a stable variable resistance element that transitions between a normal low resistance state and a high resistance state.
- the positive voltage pulse applied to the bit line related to the selected memory cell is continuously applied while sequentially increasing the write pulse voltage.
- the pulse width at the time of the low resistance stabilization writing is as short as 50 ns, it is necessary to avoid increasing the voltage rise setting time as much as possible because the total rewriting time becomes longer.
- the low-resistance stabilized write circuit includes a low-resistance stabilized write circuit 236 and a low-resistance stabilized write power supply 214 in the write circuit 206.
- the low-resistance stabilization write circuit 236 When receiving the pulse signal PLS, the low-resistance stabilization write circuit 236 outputs a write pulse of 0V ⁇ VDD ⁇ 0V to the output VPLS using VDD as a power supply, and outputs the output VPLS of the driver 233 to one diffusion node (for example, drain). ) And an N-channel transistor 234 that outputs a voltage obtained by clamping VDD to the other diffusion node (for example, source).
- the voltage output to the source side terminal (output terminal DT) of the N channel transistor 234 is V3G ⁇ Vt when the threshold of the N channel transistor 234 is Vt and the gate voltage is V3G (where V3G ⁇ Vt ⁇ VDD). in the case of).
- the gate voltage V3G may be set according to the voltage to be output.
- the high voltage level of the pulse output to the output terminal DT is increased by the voltage fluctuation amount ⁇ V of the output V3G every time the pulse is applied in the low resistance stabilization writing. It is important to complete the voltage setting in a short time.
- the low-resistance stabilized write power supply 214 enables this, and the internal configuration is such that a plurality of fixed resistors 232 are connected in series between the VPP terminal and the ground terminal, and one intermediate node in the series resistance is provided. Are selectively output by the switches 231a to 231n.
- the load capacity is only the gate capacity of the N-channel transistor 234, which is about 100 fF at most. And very small capacity. Therefore, when the current flowing through the series resistance between the VPP terminal and the ground terminal is set to an optimal amount of current, the switch that turns on the intermediate node selection switch 231 is switched to the VPP terminal side, and the voltage is increased by ⁇ V.
- the voltage setting time is completed in an extremely short time of about several ns.
- the gate capacitance of the N-channel transistor 234 is 100 fF
- the voltage fluctuation amount ⁇ V of the output V3G due to switching is 0.1 V
- the current flowing through the series resistor is 100 ⁇ A
- the current amount for charging the output V3G at the time of voltage fluctuation is the series resistance.
- 10 ⁇ A is about 10% of the amount of current flowing through the circuit
- the low resistance stabilization writing sequence in FIG. 18A is (one pulse application time + ⁇ Tv) ⁇ It depends on the number of pulses and can be completed in a very short time.
- the selection of the switch 231 in the low resistance stabilization write sequence only shifts the V3G output voltage to a switch closer to VPP in order to increase the V3G output voltage by ⁇ V each time a pulse is applied.
- the control of 229 only needs to sequentially increment the output signal, and the applied voltage controller 229 can be realized with a simple configuration such as a shift register.
- the low resistance state is determined, and if the half LR state, that is, the abnormal state as shown in FIG. There is a need.
- FIG. 16B shows a state transition diagram of the process when the low resistance stabilization writing is performed again while the resistance change is performed by alternately applying positive and negative pulses.
- the LR write negative pulse application 406 (low resistance write step; That is, a transition to the low resistance state 403 (arrow (iii)) is made by applying a negative second voltage.
- the resistance state transitions after the LR write negative pulse application 406 (low resistance write step; that is, negative second voltage application) is performed on the high resistance state or the low resistance state 401a, and (i)
- the positive pulse rising continuous application 404 (low resistance stabilization writing step; that is, positive third voltage application) for the low resistance stabilization writing is performed in order to eliminate it.
- the low resistance state is passed, and then the state is returned to the high resistance state 401, and the LR write negative pulse application 406 (low resistance write step; that is, negative second voltage application) is performed again.
- the LR write negative pulse application 406 low resistance write step; that is, negative second voltage application
- the next transition is made to the low resistance state 403.
- a transition from the half LR state 402 to the high resistance state 401 is illustrated, but strictly speaking, a low resistance state due to voltage application near Vtl is included during the transition. .
- a positive voltage pulse application 405 (high resistance writing step; that is, positive first voltage application) of Vtl or more is performed as HR writing.
- FIG. 17B when the low resistance writing is sequentially performed on the plurality of memory cells, it is determined whether or not the low resistance state is the half LR state.
- the stabilization flowchart of a resistance state is shown. This flowchart shows determination means for determining whether or not half LR state 402 is reached in the state transition diagram of FIG. 16B, and (ii) detailed means of low resistance stabilization writing 404 in the figure, and is normally used. In the state of.
- the output SAO outputs 0 V, so that “0” is output to the data output terminal Dout shown in FIG. 10 (“true” in processing 411) and the selection is made. If the cell current is less than the specified current ILRdet, the SAO outputs VDD, so “1” is output to the data output terminal Dout (“false” in the processing 411).
- the low resistance stabilization write flow is the same as the first low resistance stabilization write flow immediately after manufacture of FIG. (3)
- the initial positive pulse voltage Vp for low resistance stabilization writing is set to 0.7V
- process 415 a positive voltage pulse for low resistance stabilization writing is applied to the memory cell 105
- the determination process 422 it is determined whether the positive pulse voltage Vp has reached the positive voltage pulse 2.4 V for high resistance writing, If it has been reached ("true” in process 422), the process proceeds to process 410 and the low resistance stabilization writing is terminated. If not reached ("false” in process 422), proceed to process 414, (6) In process 414, the positive pulse voltage Vp is increased by 0.1V and set. (7)
- step 415 again, a positive voltage pulse for low resistance stabilization writing is applied to the memory cell 105. This is the same processing as (4) above.
- FIG. 18B shows a memory cell access sequence diagram (upper stage) when the flowchart of FIG. 17B is implemented in the nonvolatile memory device 200, and a resistance state image diagram of the selected memory cell by the cell current (lower stage).
- the selected memory cell in this sequence diagram is M11 shown in FIG.
- the memory cell M11 is in a non-selected state, so the initial voltage states of the word line WL0, the bit line BL0, and the source line SL0 are all 0V.
- the low resistance writing of the process 410 is performed in the te period shown in FIG. 18B. Since this operation is the same as FIG. 18A, detailed description is omitted.
- the sense amplifier 204 When the low resistance writing is performed, the resistance state in the high resistance state (HR) transitions to the low resistance state, but in order to determine whether or not the half LR state is reached, the sense amplifier is next in the tr period.
- the verify read is executed in accordance with 204.
- the determination current ILRdet is supplied to the selected bit line at the time of determination.
- the sense amplifier 204 precharges a voltage Vr that is equal to or lower than the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl that does not change the resistance of the selected bit line BL0.
- the bit line current from the sense amplifier is supplied with a high current capability in order to charge the bit line at high speed.
- a voltage VDD sufficient to turn on the transistor N11 is applied to the selected word line WL0, and at the same time, the current capability from the sense amplifier is set to the determination current ILRdet in the memory cell state.
- the bit line voltage does not drop in the half LR state, and the bit line voltage drops in the low resistance state.
- the voltage difference is detected by the sense amplifier 204, and the result is output as a logic signal to the data output circuit 205.
- the data output terminal Dout outputs “0”, so that the external device terminates the low resistance write, while in the half LR state, the data output terminal Dout.
- Output “1” the external device next executes the low resistance stabilization write sequence of the process 415 after tp1.
- the detailed description of the low resistance stabilization write sequence operation is the same as that shown in FIG. Since the state of the memory cell after completion of the low resistance stabilization write is in the high resistance (HR) state, the low resistance write in the process 410 is performed again to make a transition to the low resistance state.
- the resistance change element after forming is applied at a high speed by sequentially applying the voltage of the positive voltage pulse applied to the bit line related to the selected memory cell while sequentially increasing the voltage.
- low-resistance stable writing can be performed, and by verifying after low-resistance writing, only when the half LR state appears, Resistant writing of resistance.
- FIG. 7 (b) and FIG. 7 (c) are frequently in the state of the half LR of the characteristic type 2 even in the low resistance stabilization writing immediately after manufacturing and in the subsequent low resistance writing.
- the correction method described in the first embodiment cannot be solved, and the correction method described in the second embodiment suggests that a correction process may occur almost every time.
- the inventors of the present invention examined a method for correcting the half LR state of a memory cell having such frequent characteristic type 2 write characteristics to a low resistance state.
- FIG. 7C which is characteristic type 2
- FIG. 7C shows a half LR state in which the cell current is about 37 ⁇ A when a negative voltage pulse lower than the low resistance threshold voltage Vth is applied.
- the resistance change has stopped, if the pulse voltage is subsequently increased to the positive side, it changes to a low resistance state in the vicinity of the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl.
- the maximum cell current when the pulse voltage is near Vtl is 60 ⁇ A, which is the same current value as in the low resistance state.
- the pulse voltage is set (fixed) in the vicinity of Vtl and the low resistance stabilization writing is performed, that is, the voltage is applied while gradually increasing the voltage.
- the low resistance stabilization writing is performed by applying a voltage near Vtl once.
- the above-described verify method temporarily reduces the writing speed because the reading operation is once performed for all bits of the low resistance writing. Therefore, the determination step of the sense amplifier is omitted.
- the resistance state of the memory cell becomes a half LR state as in the characteristic type 2 following the low resistance writing of the negative voltage pulse. Then, a positive voltage pulse equal to or lower than the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl is applied only once. In other words, a negative voltage pulse is applied to the variable resistance element, and low resistance stabilization writing is performed only once with a voltage equal to or lower than Vtl and close to Vtl without determining the resistance state after application. Thereby, the memory cell in the half LR state can be changed to the low resistance state at high speed.
- FIG. 3D characteristic type 1
- Vth or less when a negative voltage pulse of Vth or less is applied to a variable resistance element that is in a normal low resistance state by a negative voltage pulse, the cell current is reduced. Even if the pulse voltage is increased to the positive side after that, the state does not change until Vtl or less. Therefore, even if the resistance state of the memory cell is changed to a low resistance state such as the characteristic type 1 after applying the low resistance write pulse, the positive voltage pulse having the threshold voltage Vtl or lower is applied next. Even if the resistance state is not affected, there is no problem even if the low resistance stabilization writing is performed without confirming the resistance state after applying the low resistance write pulse.
- the method shown in the state transition diagram of FIG. 19 is effective as one of the rewrite sequences.
- the method is as follows.
- (I) A process 406 (low resistance write step) of applying a negative pulse of low resistance (LR) writing for changing to the low resistance state to the memory cell 105 in the low resistance state or the high resistance state.
- LR low resistance write step
- the half LR state 402 is obtained as a result of the processing of (ii) above (ii) (the application of the negative second voltage), and the normal low resistance state 403 is changed.
- a process 407 low resistance stabilization writing step; that is, positive third voltage application
- a positive pulse (Vtl or less) for low resistance (LR) stabilization writing is performed. That is, when changing to the low resistance state, the process (ii) is always performed after the process (i).
- variable resistance element is in a normal low resistance state regardless of whether the variable resistance element is the characteristic type 1 or the characteristic type 2. Can be.
- the amount of change in the cell current that changes from the half LR below the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl to the low resistance is about 0.5 V of the pulse voltage Vp near Vtl.
- the cell current Ir sharply increases from 36 ⁇ A to 60 ⁇ A by 24 ⁇ A, and when a voltage larger than Vtl exceeding the maximum current is applied, the resistance state changes to a high resistance state (a state where the cell current is small). .
- a negative voltage pulse equal to or lower than the low resistance threshold voltage Vth is applied. Needs to be implemented from low resistance (LR) writing by applying a negative voltage pulse. In this way, rewriting an unintentionally high resistance state to a low resistance state again has a demerit such as a loss of writing time.
- FIG. 20 shows a state transition diagram when verifying the memory cell 105 is introduced.
- a process 406 for applying a low-resistance (LR) write negative pulse for changing to the low-resistance state to the memory cell 105 in the high-resistance state or the low-resistance state 401a;
- LR low-resistance
- the transition from the high resistance state or the low resistance state 401a to the low resistance state 403 by the LR write negative pulse application 406 is performed.
- Arrow (iii) On the other hand, when the resistance state after the LR write negative pulse application 406 is applied to the high resistance state 401a becomes the half LR state 402 in the transition (i) direction, the verify determination is also performed in order to eliminate the resistance state.
- Low resistance stabilization writing 409 low resistance stabilization writing step; that is, positive third voltage application
- the low resistance stabilization writing is terminated.
- a positive voltage pulse application (high resistance writing step; that is, positive first voltage application) of Vtl or more is performed as HR writing.
- FIG. 21 shows a low-resistance writing flowchart when verifying the memory cell 105 is introduced. This flowchart shows details of the means related to (i), (ii), and (iii) for transitioning from the high resistance state to the low resistance state in the state transition diagram of FIG.
- the output SAO outputs 0 V, so that “0” is output to the data output terminal Dout shown in FIG. 10 (“true” in processing 411) and the selection is made. If the current of the cell is less than the specified current ILRdet, the output SAO outputs VDD, so “1” is output to the data output terminal Dout (“false” in processing 411).
- a positive voltage pulse for low resistance stabilization writing is applied in process 415. The positive pulse voltage at this time starts from a value sufficiently lower than the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl (for example, 0.7 V in FIG. 7).
- the verify read and the resistance state determination of the determination process 413 are performed in the same manner as the above (5).
- the pulse voltage increase setting in the process 414 and the low resistance stabilization writing in the process 415 are repeatedly performed.
- the state of the half LR can be brought close to the normal low resistance state as much as possible by the low resistance stabilized writing method to which the verify read determination 413 is added.
- FIG. 22 shows a memory cell access sequence diagram (upper stage) and a resistance state image diagram (lower stage) of a selected memory cell by cell current when the flowchart of FIG. 21 is implemented in the nonvolatile memory device 200.
- the selected memory cell in this sequence diagram is M11 shown in FIG.
- the memory cell M11 is in a non-selected state, so that the initial voltage states of the word line WL0, the bit line BL0, and the source line SL0 are all 0V.
- verify reading is performed in the tr0 period.
- the verify read operation is the same as that in FIG. Since the data output terminal Dout outputs “0” if the detection result of the sense amplifier in the verify read is in a normal low resistance state, the external device ends the low resistance writing there, and in the half LR state, the data is output. Since the output terminal Dout outputs “1”, the external device next performs the low resistance stabilization writing of the process 415 after tp1.
- the output of the low resistance stabilization writing power source 214 is set to V31G.
- the voltage selection switch 231 of the low resistance stabilization writing power source 214 is turned on only by any one of the switches 231a to 231n (for example, 231f is ON and the others are OFF) according to the instruction of the applied voltage controller 229.
- the potential V31G of the intermediate node to which the fixed resistor 232 is connected in series is output to V3G. For example, when 231f is ON, the potential of the node nLf is output.
- a voltage VDD sufficient to turn on the transistor N11 is applied to the word line WL0, and then the writing circuit 206 receives the pulse signal PLS from the control circuit 210. Then, the voltage of the selected bit line BL0 is changed from 0V ⁇ V31 ⁇ 0V according to the pulse time of the pulse signal, and the resistance state of the selected memory cell M11 is changed to a lower low resistance (LR) state. In order to finish the low resistance stabilization writing, the word line WL0 is returned to 0 V and the transistor N11 is turned off.
- verify read is performed again. Since the data output terminal Dout outputs “0” if the detection result of the sense amplifier in the verify read is in a normal low resistance state, the external device ends the low resistance writing there, and in the half LR state, the data is output. Since the output terminal Dout outputs “1”, the external device next performs the low resistance stabilization writing of the process 415 in the period tp2.
- the verify read is performed again. Since the data output terminal Dout outputs “0” if the detection result of the sense amplifier in the verify read is in a normal low resistance state, the external device ends the low resistance stabilization writing there, and in the case of the half LR state Since the data output terminal Dout outputs “1”, the external device next performs the low resistance stabilization writing of the process 415 in the tp3 period.
- the sense amplifier determines that the low resistance state is equal to or higher than the determination current ILRdet, the low resistance stabilization writing in which the positive pulse voltage is sequentially increased and the verify read determination by the sense amplifier are repeated.
- FIGS. 7 (b) and 7 (c) there may be frequent characteristic type 2 pulse VI characteristics, but the characteristics are the same every time. Instead of following the trajectory, the cell current changes somewhat. For example, focusing on the maximum cell current in the vicinity of Vtl in FIG. 7, FIG. 7B is 70 ⁇ A, FIG. 7C is 60 ⁇ A, and the second round of FIG.
- FIG. 23 shows an example of a low resistance rewrite flowchart to which a second determination level for determining the high resistance state is added.
- This flowchart corresponds to a process in which a determination process 417 is inserted between the process 415 and the determination process 413 in FIG.
- the sense amplifier 204 determines whether the selected memory cell has changed to a high resistance state equal to or lower than the cell current determination level IHRdet (that is, whether cell current Ir ⁇ cell current determination level IHRdet). If the output terminal Dout is not “1”) (“false” in the process 417), the process proceeds to a determination process 413 in which it is determined by the sense amplifier whether the low resistance state has been reached. If it is “true” in the process 417, the process returns to the low resistance writing by the negative pulse application in the process 410.
- Other processing blocks and flow are the same as those in FIG.
- FIG. 7 The operation of the memory cell characteristic shown in FIG. 7 will be described as an example using this flowchart.
- the first cell current determination level ILRdef 62 ⁇ A for determining that the low resistance state has been reached
- the second cell current determination level IHRdef 20 ⁇ A for determining that the high resistance state has been reached
- FIG. 7C The characteristic shown in FIG. 7C is the nth rewrite
- the characteristic shown in FIG. 7B is the n + 1th low resistance rewrite.
- the output SAO outputs 0 V, so that “0” is output to the data output terminal Dout shown in FIG. 10 (“true” in processing 411) and the selection is made. If the current of the cell is less than the specified current ILRdet, the output SAO outputs VDD, so “1” is output to the data output terminal Dout (“false” in processing 411).
- the low resistance state is determined based on the setting of the sense amplifier. Since the memory cell is in the half LR state having the characteristics shown in FIG. 7C, the cell current is about 37 ⁇ A, which is lower than the first cell current determination level ILRdef. “1” is output to Dout, and the process proceeds to the process 421 by the external device. (3) In the process 421, the positive pulse voltage Vp is set to the initial value of 0.7V, and subsequently the low resistance stabilization writing of the process 415 is performed. (4) In the determination process 417, it is determined whether or not the selected memory cell has changed to a high resistance state equal to or lower than the second cell current determination level IHRdet.
- the process proceeds to the determination process 413 by the external device. Whether the cell current (low resistance state) is higher than the first cell current determination level ILRdet in the determination process 413 (“true” in the process 413) or lower than the second cell current determination level IHRdet in the determination process 417 Until the cell current (high resistance state) is determined ("true" in process 417), the loop of processes 415 to 414 is repeated.
- the low resistance stabilization writing of the process 415 is performed while the positive pulse voltage of the low resistance stabilization writing is sequentially increased.
- Vp is incremented and the loop of the next processing 415 to processing 414 is repeated.
- the positive pulse voltage (Vp) immediately becomes 1.6 V, which is equal to or higher than Vtl, and the memory cell changes to the high resistance state, and the verification determination condition of the determination process 417 is satisfied and the direction of “true” is instructed.
- the process 410 is again written back to the low resistance state, and the half LR state (54 ⁇ A) shown in FIG. 7B is obtained.
- the low resistance state is determined in the determination process 411. Since the memory cell is in the half LR state of the characteristic (b) (“false” in the process 411), the cell current is about 54 ⁇ A. Since the cell current determination level is lower than ILRdet, the process proceeds to processing 421.
- the positive pulse voltage Vp is set to the initial value of 0.7V, and the low resistance stabilization writing in the process 415 is performed.
- the determination process 417 the selected memory cell is set to the second cell current determination level IHRdet.
- the process proceeds to determination step 413. Whether the cell current (low resistance state) is higher than the first cell current determination level ILRdet in the determination process 413 (“true” in the process 413) or lower than the second cell current determination level IHRdet in the determination process 417 Until the cell current (high resistance state) is determined ("true” in process 417), the loop of determination processes 415 to 414 is repeated. In the meantime, the low resistance stabilization writing of the process 415 is performed while the positive pulse voltage of the low resistance stabilization writing is sequentially increased. The cell current in the maximum low resistance state in the characteristics shown in FIG.
- the low resistance stabilization writing when the high resistance state is caused by the variation variation of the memory cell or the like, the low resistance writing state is surely achieved by performing the low resistance writing flow again. Can be set.
- the nonvolatile memory device 200 when the flowchart of FIG. 21 or FIG. 23 is executed, the judgment of each mode step and the execution command are generally external devices outside the nonvolatile memory device 200 (FIG. 10). Not shown). That is, in the case of a write operation, when a control signal and an address signal are instructed from an external device, the nonvolatile memory device 200 receives the control signal and the address signal and sets the write voltage by the write power supply 211, and the write circuit 206 and the row driver 207. However, the write operation shown in FIGS. 15A, 15B, and 15C is performed.
- a read operation including selection of a selected memory cell and setting of a current determination level of a sense amplifier is executed by a control signal and an address signal from an external device, and a read whether a cell current is equal to or higher than a determination level is read.
- Data is output to the terminal Dout.
- the external device receives the data output to the terminal Dout, and the external device determines the true direction if the data output to the terminal Dout is “0” in the branch determination (for example, the branch of the flowchart (determination process 413), “1”. From false direction) to the next operation determination and execution command.
- the nonvolatile memory device according to the present invention is not limited to a device that performs the entire writing process under the control of such an external device, and is realized as a nonvolatile memory device that incorporates a control function of such an external device. May be.
- the output of the data input circuit 215 storing the write data and the output of the data output circuit 205 storing the read data of the sense amplifier are transferred to the memory controller.
- the memory controller 262 executes the operation determination, execution command, and the like performed by the external device, and the control circuit 261 performs control under the memory controller 262.
- the nonvolatile memory device 260 can also consistently execute from writing start to completion shown in the flowcharts in all the drawings so far (that is, all processes including low resistance stabilization writing, verify reading, and judgment). It is. In this case, since the start to the completion of writing is executed in the nonvolatile memory device, there is an effect that the writing completion time is shortened as compared with the case of using an external device.
- the low resistance stabilization writing by adding the verify read is unclear about the optimum high resistance threshold voltage Vtl of the positive pulse (Vp) for changing the half LR state to the normal low resistance state.
- the sweep of the positive pulse (Vp) is started from a value sufficiently lower than the high resistance threshold voltage Vtl. Therefore, in the flowchart of FIG. 21 or FIG. 23, the number of times the process is repeated increases and the time for setting the low resistance state becomes long, and the resistance change near Vtl is steep (around Vtl).
- the voltage width of the peak current is about 0.4 V), and the method using the verify as described in the fourth embodiment has a problem that it is difficult to control.
- the inventors of the present invention examined a method for knowing in advance the optimum voltage value Vtl of the positive pulse at the time of low resistance stabilization writing.
- FIG. 25 (a) and 25 (b) show pulse VI characteristic graphs for a single variable resistance element.
- FIG. 25A shows the resistance change element characteristics of the characteristic type 2
- FIG. 25B shows the resistance change element characteristics of the characteristic type 1.
- the threshold voltage Vtrl for changing from the low resistance state to the high resistance state is about 2.0 (V) in both the characteristics of FIG. 25 (a) and FIG. 25 (b). It has changed to a resistance state.
- the minimum low resistance state is obtained at the voltage Vtrl.
- the inventors of the present invention have the magnitude of the high-resistance threshold voltage Vtrl that changes from the low-resistance state to the high-resistance state as the negative pulse voltage for reducing the resistance. I noticed that it was almost the same as the magnitude of ( ⁇ Vprl). That is, there is a relationship of Formula 1.
- Vtrl
- Therefore, the magnitude of the voltage Vtrl can be determined from the magnitude of the negative pulse voltage applied when the resistance is lowered before that. In the case of the variable resistance element alone, Vtrl
- FIG. 26 is a VI characteristic graph showing the relationship between the pulse voltage Vp and the pulse current I at the time of writing resistance change when a pulse voltage Vp is applied to a single resistance change element with reference to the lower electrode.
- is applied to the resistance change element in the high resistance (HR) state (point O) with respect to the upper electrode with reference to the upper electrode (the characteristic graph is shown with reference to the lower electrode, so that the application is performed)
- the voltage is -Vp).
- the magnitude of the applied voltage is increased to the negative side as indicated by (i) in the figure, when a certain voltage (point A) is exceeded, a resistance change of low resistance (LR) occurs, and (( The characteristics of ii) are shown.
- (-Vprl in the characteristic graph) is set as the maximum applied voltage, and the reduction in resistance is stopped at the point B.
- the magnitude of the pulse voltage is decreased, the low resistance state does not change, so that an ohmic characteristic ((iii) in the figure) is shown and the point O is reached.
- is applied to the upper electrode with reference to the lower electrode (the applied voltage is + Vp because the characteristic graph is shown with the lower electrode as a reference).
- is applied is -Iprl
- the high resistance start voltage high voltage at which the resistance change starts from the low resistance state to the high resistance state
- variable resistance element With respect to the variable resistance element, the characteristic that the magnitude of the minimum voltage
- the magnitude of the high resistance start voltage at which the resistance change from the low resistance state to the high resistance state starts and the magnitude of the current at that time are the magnitude of the pulse voltage applied at the time of reducing the resistance and the current magnitude at that time.
- the current has the same magnitude as the current.
- the high resistance start voltage Vtrl is an LR stabilized write (low resistance stabilized write) in which a negative voltage is applied to change the resistance change element that has been in the half LR state to the low resistance state. This corresponds to a positive voltage applied for.
- the resistance change element 10a has the characteristics of the relational expression 1 and the relational expression 2. Therefore, in the low resistance stabilization writing in the memory cell 105 in FIG.
- the optimum voltage value Vtl (which is also a high resistance threshold voltage) of the positive pulse can be obtained from an operating point analysis at the time of writing between the variable resistance element 10a and the transistor 104.
- FIG. 27A and 27B show operating point analysis graphs at the time of writing between the variable resistance element 10a and the transistor 104.
- FIG. The horizontal axis is a voltage applied between the terminals U and S of the memory cell 105 shown in FIG. 2 (voltage applied to the terminal S with reference to the terminal U), and the vertical axis is a current flowing between the terminals U and S (from the terminal S to the terminal). Current flowing in U).
- FIG. 27A is an operating point analysis characteristic diagram when a voltage Vg is applied to the gate terminal G of the memory cell 105, a ground GND is applied to the U terminal, and a voltage Ve is applied to the S terminal, as shown in FIG. is there. That is, FIG.
- FIG. 27A is an operating point analysis characteristic diagram when the resistance change element is made to have a low resistance by applying a negative voltage.
- FIG. 28A is a configuration diagram in which FIG. 28B is vertically inverted so that the voltage Ve is on the upper side.
- the solid line indicates the voltage-current characteristics when the resistance of the resistance change element 10a changes, and the resistance change element has a voltage across the two terminals of the resistance change element 10a when the resistance changes exceeds the resistance change threshold voltage. When voltage is applied, the resistance value changes so that VR is constant throughout.
- the dotted line is the voltage-current characteristic of the transistor 104.
- the transistor graph line (dotted line) is inverted in the voltage direction, and the base point is set to Ve. At this time, the intersection of the characteristic of the resistance change element 10 a and the characteristic of the transistor 104 is a cell current Icell flowing between the US terminals of the memory cell 105.
- FIG. 27B shows a bias application direction shown in FIG. 28B in which the direction of current is opposite to that in FIG. 28A (the configuration diagram is upside down with respect to FIG. 27A).
- Vg is applied to the gate terminal G
- the ground terminal is connected to the S terminal
- VLRMAX is applied to the U terminal
- Vtl the above-described high resistance threshold voltage
- FIG. 27B is an operating point analysis characteristic diagram when a low voltage stabilized writing (LR additional writing) is performed by applying a positive voltage to the variable resistance element.
- the solid line is the voltage-current characteristic of the variable resistance element 10a, and the slope thereof is the same as that of the variable resistance element of FIG. 27A for the reasons of the relational expressions 1 and 2, and the characteristic line is inverted in the voltage direction, Is matched to VLRMAX.
- a dotted line is a voltage-current characteristic of the transistor 104. At this time, the intersection of the characteristic of the resistance change element 10 a and the characteristic of the transistor 104 is a cell current Icell flowing between the US terminals of the memory cell 105.
- the cell current flows through the cell as shown in the operating point analysis diagram at the time of rewriting in FIG.
- a bias having a polarity opposite to that of the previous low resistance writing is applied to the memory cell in the low resistance state after the application of the pulse voltage Ve, as shown in FIG.
- the pulse voltage Vp is set in the memory cell so that the cell current at that time is the same as that in the previous low-resistance write (that is, Icell) (in this case, VLRMAX is set)
- the voltage is the high resistance of the memory cell 105. Is the conversion start voltage Vtl.
- the optimum voltage value Vtl of the positive pulse at the time of low resistance stabilization writing in the memory cell 105 can be obtained from the applied voltage at the time of low resistance writing.
- the voltage of the positive pulse at the time of low resistance stabilization writing can be obtained by the means as described above, so that the voltage flow of the low resistance writing can be simplified as shown in FIG. That is, assuming that (1) the low resistance writing is performed by first applying a pulse of the negative voltage Ve in the process 410, and (2) the state is changed to the half LR state of the characteristic type 2, then the means (In other words, the low resistance stabilization writing 420 is performed by applying a pulse of the positive voltage Vtl obtained by a method of obtaining a positive voltage for flowing a cell current having the same value as the cell current at the time of low resistance writing.) Since the positive voltage Vtl sets an optimum voltage for changing to the normal low resistance state obtained by the above means, the low resistance stabilization writing 420 is completed only once.
- FIG. 30 shows a flowchart of the low resistance write in which a verify determination process 411 for determining whether or not to implement the low resistance stabilization write 420 is inserted.
- the low resistance stabilization writing process 420 is performed by applying the positive voltage Vtl pulse obtained by the above means.
- the positive voltage Vtl is set to an optimum voltage for changing to the normal low resistance state obtained by the above means, so that the low resistance stabilization writing 420 is completed only once.
- the method for setting the optimum positive pulse voltage for changing to the normal low resistance state assuming the case of changing to the state of the characteristic type 2 half LR has been described. It can also be applied to a method of setting a positive pulse voltage at the time of high resistance writing after performing low resistance writing by applying a pulse of the negative voltage Ve, in which case it is slightly lower than the voltage Vtl obtained by the above means. May be set to a higher voltage (for example, a voltage of Vtl + 0.5V higher than Vtl by 0.5V), and high resistance writing by applying a positive voltage pulse may be performed.
- the inventors have determined that when a negative voltage for low resistance writing is applied to the variable resistance element included in the selected memory cell from the low resistance write pulse voltage of the means, the resistance is reduced.
- Devised Normally, when the same voltage is applied to the 1T1R type memory cell in the opposite direction, the current flowing through the memory cell is different due to the self-substrate bias effect generated in the transistor of the memory cell. It is difficult to flow in the reverse direction.
- FIG. 31 shows a pulse voltage generation circuit 514 using the low resistance (LR) power supply 212 as a power supply, a low resistance stabilization writing power supply 214 using the output voltage of the pulse voltage generation circuit 514 as an input, and the low resistance stabilization.
- LR low resistance
- FIG. 31 shows a pulse voltage generation circuit 514 using the low resistance (LR) power supply 212 as a power supply, a low resistance stabilization writing power supply 214 using the output voltage of the pulse voltage generation circuit 514 as an input, and the low resistance stabilization.
- An example of a low resistance stabilization writing unit including a buffer amplifier 512 that outputs a voltage having the same value as the output of the write power supply 214 and a driver 513 that uses the output of the buffer amplifier 512 as an input power supply is shown.
- the pulse voltage generation circuit 514 generates a low resistance stabilized write pulse voltage.
- the low resistance stabilization writing unit is low with respect to the resistance change element included in the memory cell selected by the selection unit (row selection circuit 208, column selection circuit 203) based on the power supply from the LR power supply 212.
- a negative voltage for resistance writing is applied, a positive voltage necessary to flow a current having the same value as the current flowing through the variable resistance element in the reverse direction is applied to the variable resistance element. It is a circuit for applying a voltage to the memory cell.
- resistance elements fixed resistances 503 and 505
- switching elements N-channel transistors 502 and 506 having the same resistance value as that of the resistance change element in the low resistance state are respectively connected in series.
- the pseudo memory cell circuits 507 and 508 connected to the LR and the power supply from the power supply 212 for LR input are applied, and a voltage having the same value as the voltage applied to the selected memory cell when the resistance is lowered is applied to the pseudo memory cell circuit 507.
- a current mirror circuit P-channel transistor that generates a current having the same value as the current flowing through the first buffer amplifier (differential amplifier circuit 500) and the pseudo memory cell circuit 507 and applies the generated current to the pseudo memory cell circuit 508.
- the second buffer amplifier (differential amplifier circuit 511) that outputs a voltage having the same value as the input voltage and the voltage output from the second buffer amplifier (differential amplifier circuit 511) are selected from a plurality of voltage dividing ratios.
- the low resistance stabilized write power supply 214 that divides and outputs by one divided voltage ratio and the voltage output from the low resistance stabilized write power supply 214 are input, and the same as the input voltage by current amplification
- a third buffer amplifier (differential amplifier circuit 512) that outputs a voltage of a value; and a three-state driver 513 that generates a pulse having a voltage output from the third buffer amplifier (differential amplifier circuit 512).
- the pseudo memory cell circuits 507 and 508 it is assumed that one terminal of the resistance element (fixed resistors 503 and 505) and one terminal of the switch element (N-channel transistors 502 and 506) are connected to each other.
- the first buffer amplifier (differential amplifier circuit 500) is connected to the other terminal of the switch element (N-channel transistor 502) with respect to the other terminal of the resistor element (fixed resistor 503) constituting the pseudo memory cell circuit 507.
- the current mirror circuit (P-channel transistors 501 and 504) is connected to the other terminal of the switching element (N-channel transistor 506) from the other terminal of the resistance element (fixed resistance 505) constituting the pseudo memory cell circuit 508. Apply current so that current flows toward the terminals.
- transistors 501 and 504 are P channel MOS transistors
- transistors 502 and 506 are N channel MOS transistors having the same gate length and gate width as the transistor 104 in the memory cell 105
- resistors 503 and 505 are in a normal low resistance state.
- This is a fixed resistor composed of polysilicon having the same resistance value as that of the resistance change element 10a or a wiring composed of a diffusion layer on a semiconductor substrate.
- the pseudo memory cell circuit 507 is a circuit in which an N-channel transistor 502 and a fixed resistor 503 are connected in series, and has a configuration in which the variable resistance element 10a of the memory cell 105 is replaced with a fixed resistor 503, as shown in FIG.
- the other end on the fixed resistor 503 side is connected to the ground, and one end on the N channel transistor 502 side is connected to reduce the resistance.
- the voltage is applied in the connection configuration, and the resistance state corresponds to the time when the variable resistance element changes to the low resistance state.
- the resistance change element changes from a high resistance state to a low resistance state and then changes to a low resistance state.
- the pseudo memory cell circuit 507 has the fixed resistance of the N-channel transistor 502 with reference to the first terminal on the other end side of the fixed resistance 503.
- a voltage for reducing the resistance is applied to the second terminal, which is the diffusion layer terminal at the other end not connected to 503, a current substantially equal to the first current value flows.
- the pseudo memory cell circuit 508 has a serial connection configuration in which one end of the diffusion layer of the N-channel transistor 506 and one end of the fixed resistor 505 having a resistance value equal to 503 are connected. The other end (the second terminal) is connected to the ground, and the same connection as in FIG. 28B in which the resistance change element 10a of the memory cell is replaced with the fixed resistor 505 (reverse of the pseudo memory cell circuit 507 inverted upside down) Circuit).
- the differential amplifier circuit 500 is a differential circuit (op-amp) for adjusting the current amount Icell of the P-channel transistor 501 to maintain the node Ne at the low resistance (LR) write voltage Ve, and has a + terminal (non-inverting input).
- the output node Ni of the LR power supply 212 is connected to the terminal (the LR voltage Ve is input), and the node Ne is feedback-connected to the-terminal (inverted input terminal).
- the gate of the P-channel transistor 504 constituting the current mirror circuit is connected to the output of the differential amplifier circuit 500 similarly to the gate of the P-channel transistor 501, the current between the source and drain of the P-channel transistor 504 is P-channel transistor.
- the voltage Ve is applied to the pseudo memory cell circuit 507 similar to that in FIG. 28A and the same amount of current as the current Icell flowing through the pseudo memory cell circuit 508 similar to that in FIG.
- a low-resistance stabilized write power supply 214 is provided, and the input power supply Vpp is the same potential obtained by current amplification of the voltage Vo by the differential amplifier circuit 511.
- a capacitor 237 is a smoothing capacitor for enhancing the stabilization of the output voltage of the differential amplifier circuit 511.
- the output voltage of the low-resistance stabilized write power supply 214 is selectively output by the voltage selection switch 231 to a voltage equal to or lower than the voltage Vo, and is amplified by the differential amplifier circuit 512 to generate a pulse. 513 is supplied.
- the pulse voltage generation circuit 514 can generate the voltage Vo immediately before changing to the high resistance state, and can supply a voltage pulse converted to a voltage equal to or lower than Vo. That is, this voltage Vo is a positive voltage applied to the resistance change element in order to surely reduce the resistance of the resistance change element in the half LR state (to perform low resistance stabilization writing).
- this voltage Vo is a positive voltage applied to the resistance change element in order to surely reduce the resistance of the resistance change element in the half LR state (to perform low resistance stabilization writing).
- the current capability of the P-channel transistor 504 is made larger than the current capability of the P-channel transistor 501, and the node Np
- the voltage Vo output to the LR may be configured to be higher than the LR voltage Ve. In this case, it is also possible to generate a pulse voltage at the time of high resistance writing that changes from the low resistance state to the high resistance state using the voltage Vo output to the node Np as a reference voltage.
- the pseudo memory cell having a configuration in which one end of the resistive element and one end of the diffusion layer of the N-channel transistor are connected has the first terminal connected to the other end of the resistive element, and the second terminal Is connected to the other end of the diffusion layer of the N-channel transistor, but the second terminal is connected to the other end of the resistance element, and the first terminal is connected to the other end of the N-channel transistor.
- the first buffer amplifier (differential amplifier circuit 500) is connected to the other terminal of the switch element (N-channel transistor 502) with respect to the other terminal of the resistor element (fixed resistor 503) constituting the pseudo memory cell circuit 507.
- the current mirror circuit (P-channel transistors 501 and 504) is connected to the other terminal of the switching element (N-channel transistor 506) from the other terminal of the resistance element (fixed resistance 505) constituting the pseudo memory cell circuit 508.
- the first buffer amplifier (differential amplifier circuit 500) is configured to apply a switch element (N-channel) that constitutes the pseudo memory cell circuit 507.
- a voltage is applied to the other terminal of the resistance element (fixed resistor 503) with reference to the other terminal of the transistor 502), and the current is In the mirror circuit (P-channel transistors 501 and 504), current flows from the other terminal of the switch element (N-channel transistor 506) constituting the pseudo memory cell circuit 508 toward the other terminal of the resistor element (fixed resistor 505).
- the other diffusion layer terminal (source) of the N channel transistor 502 is connected to the reference voltage (ground), and the other terminal of the fixed resistor 503 is connected to the node Ne.
- the other diffusion layer terminal (drain) of the N-channel transistor 506 may be connected to the node Np, and the other terminal of the fixed resistor 505 may be connected to the reference voltage (ground).
- the resistance elements in the pseudo memory cell circuits 507 and 508 have been described as fixed resistance elements, the resistance change elements are the same as those of the memory cells, and the resistance values are changed to the resistance values in the low resistance state of the resistance change elements. May be set.
- This circuit makes it possible to automatically set a low-resistance stabilized write pulse voltage VLRMAX corresponding to a change in the low-resistance write pulse voltage Ve.
- the resistance change of the memory cell is performed by a resistance change element, so that the resistance change element alone for the purpose of application to a fuse element or the like is stored. Similar characteristics can be considered in the apparatus, and a rewrite sequence similar to the state transition diagram and flowchart shown in FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, FIG. 19, FIG.
- the pulse voltage generation circuit for low resistance stabilization writing to the memory cell of the single resistance change element can be understood from the characteristic explanation of the characteristics of the single resistance change element of FIG. 25, and the pseudo memory cell circuits 507 and 508 of FIG. The same effect can be achieved by replacing the element as a single resistance element.
- the present invention can be realized not only as a nonvolatile memory device in the present embodiment, but also as a data writing method for a resistance change element from the viewpoint of control of data writing in the nonvolatile memory device. You can also. That is, the present invention relates to a resistance change element that includes a first electrode and a second electrode and reversibly transitions between a high resistance state and a low resistance state according to the polarity of a voltage applied between the first and second electrodes.
- a method of writing data wherein a selection step of selecting at least one memory cell from a memory cell array composed of a plurality of memory cells in which a resistance change element and a switch element are connected in series, and a resistance change element Based on the power source from the power source for increasing resistance to bring the resistance state into the high resistance state, the positive voltage necessary to bring the resistance change element included in the memory cell selected in the selection step into the high resistance state
- a high-resistance write step for applying a voltage to the memory cell so that the voltage is applied to the second electrode with reference to the first electrode of the change element; Based on the power source from the resistance power source, the negative voltage required to set the resistance change element included in the memory cell selected in the selection step to the low resistance state is based on the first electrode of the resistance change element.
- the low resistance writing step of applying a voltage to the memory cell so as to be applied to the second electrode, and the memory cell selected in the selection step based on the power source from the power source for low resistance
- a negative voltage is applied to the variable resistance element in the low resistance writing step
- a current having the same value as the current flowing through the variable resistance element is passed from the second electrode to the first electrode of the variable resistance element.
- a low resistance stabilization writing step of applying a voltage to the memory cell so that a necessary positive voltage is applied to the second electrode with reference to the first electrode of the variable resistance element.
- variable resistance element writing method and the nonvolatile memory device according to the present invention have been described based on the first to fifth embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Without departing from the gist of the present invention, these embodiments are realized by various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art and combinations of components in these embodiments. Forms are also included in the present invention.
- variable resistance nonvolatile memory element writing method and variable resistance nonvolatile memory device are the 1T1R type memory cell using the variable resistance element constituting the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device.
- This is a technique and circuit that can set the resistance change window between the low resistance state and the high resistance state of the memory cell to the maximum, and can stabilize the low resistance state. It is useful for realizing stabilization and further improvement in yield. It is also useful for a state memory circuit as a substitute for a fuse element.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
- Read Only Memory (AREA)
Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の実施の形態1における抵抗変化素子の書き込み方法及び不揮発性記憶装置について説明する。
(評価ステップ1)
図3(a) パルスV-I法によるフォーミング(初期LR化)
パルス電圧Vp=0V→-1.7V(0.1Vステップ)
(評価ステップ2)
図4 正負交互パルスによる抵抗変化測定(LR安定化シーケンス前)
パルス電圧Vp=-2.4V⇔+2.4V 41回印加
(評価ステップ3)
図3(b) パルスV-I測定 第1回目
パルス電圧Vp=0V→-2.4V→0V→+2.4V→0V(0.1Vステップ)
(評価ステップ4)
図3(c) パルスV-I測定 第2回目
パルス電圧Vp=0V→-2.4V→0V→+2.4V→0V(0.1Vステップ)
(評価ステップ5)
図3(d) パルスV-I測定 第3回目
パルス電圧Vp=0V→-2.4V→0V→+2.4V→0V(0.1Vステップ)
(評価ステップ6)
図5 正負交互パルスによる抵抗変化測定(LR安定化シーケンス実施後)
パルス電圧Vp=-2.4V⇔+2.4V 41回印加
図3(a)は、製造直後の最初のフォーミングでのパルスV-I特性グラフで、測定前の抵抗状態は高抵抗状態にある。パルス電圧Vpを0Vから負電圧側へ遷移させながら負のパルス電圧を印加して行くと、最初メモリセル105は高抵抗状態(初期状態)にあったが、パルス電圧VpがVth0を下回った(パルスVpの絶対値がVth0の絶対値を上回った)時に低抵抗状態に変化し、その抵抗レベルは、セル電流にして30μA程度である。このときにフォーミング(初期LR化)が完了する。メモリセルの抵抗状態が低抵抗側に動いた所でこれ以上の高電圧パルス印加を中止している。これは、初期でこれ以上のパルス電圧を印加するとその後の高抵抗状態の抵抗値が不安定になる傾向がある為である。
(1)第1のタイプのパルスV-I特性
製造直後の1回目のみハーフLRの状態が存在する場合・・・図3
メモリセルアレイ内において、大多数のセルがこれに該当する。
(2)第2のタイプのパルスV-I特性
2回目以降においてもハーフLRの状態が稀に存在する場合・・・図6
(3)第3のタイプのパルスV-I特性
2回目以降においてもハーフLRの状態が毎回存在する場合・・・図7
次に、前記3つのタイプの特徴及び正負交互パルス印加による抵抗変化について、詳細に説明する。
図3(d)に示す様な、メモリセル105のパルスV-I特性は、書込みパルス電圧Vpを0Vから負電圧方向に徐々に下げて行き、低抵抗化が開始される閾値電圧Vthを超えると高抵抗状態から低抵抗状態に変化し、更にパルス電圧Vpを下げると低抵抗化は止まり、メモリセルの抵抗変化は飽和状態になる。次に、書込みパルス電圧Vpを負電圧から正電圧に徐々に上げて行き、高抵抗化が開始される正の閾値電圧Vtlを超えると低抵抗状態から高抵抗状態に変化し、更にパルス電圧Vpを上げると高抵抗化は止まり、メモリセルの抵抗変化は飽和状態になる。
以上の様に構成された抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置200について、データを書き込む場合の低抵抗化書き込み、高抵抗化書き込み及び低抵抗安定化書き込み(追加書き込みともいう)に対応する書き込みサイクル、およびデータを読み出す場合の読み出しサイクルにおける動作例について、図15(a)~図15(d)に示すタイミングチャートを参照しながら説明する。
前述のように我々発明者らは、メモリセル105の初期評価を行う中で、以下の特徴的な特性に気付いた。それは、製造直後に図3(a)の様に初期の低抵抗化(フォーミング)を実施し、その後に図4の様に交互パルス印加による書換えを実施しても、その抵抗変化特性は不安定であるが、一旦図3(b)に示すパルスV-I特性評価のシーケンス、特にVtl付近でかつVtlを越えないような正電圧パルスを印加すると、図8(d)に示すように下部電極付近の酸素イオンが放出されて下部電極近傍の酸化層15が低抵抗化されると推測され、図5に示す様に、交互パルス印加による抵抗変化特性が安定化する。更に、2回目以降のパルスV-I特性においても、図3(c)、図3(d)の様にハーフLRの状態は解消され、その後は特性タイプ1の正常特性を示すことを見い出した。
(0)選択するメモリセルを初期アドレスに設定する。
(1)最初に処理410でフォーミング工程を実施する。
(2)次に処理421で低抵抗安定化書込みの為の初回の正パルス電圧Vpを0.7Vに設定する。
(3)次に処理415で低抵抗安定化書込みの為の正電圧パルスをメモリセル105に印加する。
(4)次に判断処理422で正パルス電圧Vpが高抵抗化書込みの正電圧パルスVHR(ここでは2.4V)に到達したかを判断し、
もし到達していたら(処理422で「Yes」)、処理424へ進めて最終アドレスかを判断し、
最終アドレスであれば(処理422で「Yes」)、処理を終了(423)し、
最終アドレスでなければ(処理422で「No」)、処理425にて次のアドレスにインクリメントして、上記(1)のフォーミング工程410から実施する。
(5)処理414では正パルス電圧Vpを0.1Vだけ上昇させて設定する。
(6)次に再度処理415で低抵抗安定化書込みの為の正電圧パルスをメモリセル105に印加する。これは上記(4)と同じ処理である。
次に、本発明の実施の形態2における抵抗変化素子の書き込み方法及び不揮発性記憶装置について説明する。
(0)選択するメモリセルを先頭アドレスに設定する。
(1)処理410でVthを下回る低抵抗化が可能な負電圧パルスを印加して低抵抗化書込みを実施する。
(2)次に判断処理411で低抵抗状態がセル電流として規定電流ILRdet以上であるか否かを図12に示されるセンスアンプ204で判定する(ベリファイステップ)。そのために、センスアンプ204において、規定電流をILRdetに設定するために、制御回路210は、基準回路252内のゲートに入力される各信号をC1=VDD、C2=0V、C3=0Vに設定する。もし選択セルの電流が規定電流ILRdet以上であれば、出力SAOは0Vを出力するので、図10に示されるデータ出力端子Doutには「0」が出力され(処理411で「真」)、選択セルの電流が規定電流ILRdet未満であれば、SAOはVDDを出力するので、データ出力端子Doutには「1」が出力される(処理411で「偽」)。
(3)まず、処理421で低抵抗安定化書込みの為の初回の正パルス電圧Vpを0.7Vに設定し、
(4)次に処理415で低抵抗安定化書込みの為の正電圧パルスをメモリセル105に印加し、
(5)次に判断処理422で正パルス電圧Vpが高抵抗化書込みの正電圧パルス2.4Vに到達したかを判断し、
もし到達していたら(処理422で「真」)、処理410へ進めて低抵抗安定化書込みを終了とし、
もし到達していない場合は(処理422で「偽」)、処理414へ進め、
(6)処理414では正パルス電圧Vpを0.1Vだけ上昇させて設定し、
(7)次に再度処理415で低抵抗安定化書込みの為の正電圧パルスをメモリセル105に印加する。これは上記(4)と同じ処理である。
次に、ベリファイを用いないで正電圧パルスで低抵抗安定化書き込みをする本発明の実施の形態3における抵抗変化素子の書き込み方法及び不揮発性記憶装置について説明する。
次に、抵抗変化素子を確実に高抵抗状態から低抵抗状態に遷移させる本発明の実施の形態4における抵抗変化素子の書き込み方法及び不揮発性記憶装置について説明する。
(0)選択するメモリセルを先頭アドレスに設定する。
(1)処理410にて、低抵抗状態に変化させる為に低抵抗化閾値電圧Vth以下の負電圧パルスを印加する低抵抗化書込みを実施する。
(2)次に判断処理411で低抵抗状態がセル電流として規定電流ILRdet以上であるか否かをセンスアンプ204で判定する。そのために、センスアンプ204において、規定電流をILRdetに設定するために、制御回路210は、基準回路252内のゲートに入力される各信号をC1=VDD、C2=0V、C3=0Vに設定する。もし選択セルの電流が規定電流ILRdet以上であれば、出力SAOは0Vを出力するので、図10に示されるデータ出力端子Doutには「0」が出力され(処理411で「真」)、選択セルの電流が規定電流ILRdet未満であれば、出力SAOはVDDを出力するので、データ出力端子Doutには「1」が出力される(処理411で「偽」)。
(3)処理421にて、低抵抗安定化書込みを実施すべく高抵抗化閾値電圧Vtl以下の正電圧Vp=0.7Vをパルス電圧として設定する。
(4)処理415にて低抵抗安定化書込みの為の正電圧パルスを印加する。この時の正のパルス電圧は高抵抗化閾値電圧Vtlよりも十分低い値(例えば図7においては0.7V)からスタートする。
(5)次に判断処理413にて、再度低抵抗状態に変化したかを判定する為、センスアンプ204でベリファイ読出しを行い、セル電流が判定レベル以上であるかをベリファイ読出しの論理値結果にて判断する。センスアンプ204の設定は判断処理411と同じである。
(6)もし、セル電流が判定電流ILRdet未満の場合は(処理413で「偽」)、処理414にて、正のパルス電圧Vpを0.1V高く設定し、再度、上記(4)の処理415へ進める。
(0)選択するメモリセルを先頭アドレスに設定する。
(1)次に、処理410により低抵抗状態に変化する。
(2)次に判断処理411で低抵抗状態がセル電流として規定電流ILRdet以上であるか否かをセンスアンプ204で判定する。そのために、センスアンプ204において、規定電流をILRdetに設定するため、制御回路210は、基準回路252内のゲートに入力される各信号をC1=VDD、C2=0V、C3=0Vに設定する。
(3)処理421では正パルス電圧Vpを初期値の0.7Vに設定し、引き続いて処理415の低抵抗安定化書込みを実施し、
(4)判断処理417にて選択メモリセルが第2のセル電流判定レベルIHRdet以下の高抵抗状態に変化したかを判断する。そのために、センスアンプ204において、規定電流をIHRdetに設定するために、制御回路210は、基準回路252内のゲートに入力される各信号をC1=0V、C2=0V、C3=VDDに設定する。もし選択セルの電流が規定電流IHRdet以上であれば、出力SAOは0Vを出力するので、図10に示されるデータ出力端子Doutには「0」が出力され(処理417で「偽」)、一方、選択セルの電流が規定電流IHRdet未満であれば、出力SAOはVDDを出力するので、データ出力端子Doutには「1」が出力される(処理417で「真」)。
(5)次に判断処理411にて低抵抗状態を判断するが、メモリセルは特性(b)のハーフLRの状態であるので(処理411で「偽」)、セル電流は54μA程度と第1のセル電流判定レベルILRdetより低いことから、処理421へ進む。
(6)処理421では正パルス電圧Vpを初期値の0.7Vに設定し、処理415の低抵抗安定化書込みを実施し、判断処理417にて選択メモリセルが第2のセル電流判定レベルIHRdet以下の高抵抗状態に変化したかを判断し、もし高抵抗状態になっていないならば(処理417で「偽」)、判断処理413へ進む。判断処理413で第1のセル電流判定レベルILRdetより高いセル電流(低抵抗状態)と判断されるか(処理413で「真」)、または判断処理417で第2のセル電流判定レベルIHRdetより低いセル電流(高抵抗状態)と判断される(処理417で「真」)まで、判断処理415~処理414のループを繰り返す。その間、低抵抗安定化書込みの正のパルス電圧は順次上昇しつつ処理415の低抵抗安定化書込みが実施される。図7(b)に示される特性における最大の低抵抗状態のセル電流は70μAであり、第1のセル電流判定レベルILRdet=62μAより高いので、パルス電圧上昇を伴って低抵抗安定化書込みを実施し続けると、第1のセル電流判定レベルILRdet以上となり、判断処理413のベリファイ判定条件を満足して「真」の方向に進み、低抵抗化書込みは完了となり、判断処理424へ進める。
(7)判断処理424では、選択メモリセルが最終アドレスかを判断し、最終アドレスではない場合は、「偽」の方向へ進め、処理425にて次のアドレスへインクリメントして選択メモリセルを1つ進め、上記(1)~(6)の処理を実施する。
次に、低抵抗安定化書込み電圧を簡易に設定できる本発明の実施の形態5における抵抗変化素子の書き込み方法及び不揮発性記憶装置について説明する。
従って、Vtrlの電圧の大きさは、その前に低抵抗化させた時に印加した負パルス電圧の大きさから決定することができ、抵抗変化素子単体の場合は、Vtrl=|-Vprl|となる。
つまり、低抵抗状態から高抵抗状態への抵抗変化が開始される高抵抗化開始電圧の大きさ及びその時の電流の大きさは、低抵抗化を行った時に印加したパルス電圧の大きさ及びその時の電流の大きさと同じになる、といった特徴を有する。ここで、上述したように、高抵抗化開始電圧Vtrlは、負の電圧を印加してハーフLR状態となった抵抗変化素子を低抵抗状態に遷移させるLR安定化書き込み(低抵抗安定化書き込み)のために印加する正の電圧に相当する。よって、低抵抗化(ハーフLR化を含む)時に抵抗変化素子に流れた電流と同じ値で、かつ、逆方向の電流が流れるような正の電圧を抵抗変化素子に印加することで、ハーフLR状態から正常な低抵抗状態に確実に遷移させることができる。
(1)最初に処理410にて負電圧Veのパルス印加による低抵抗化書込みを実施し、
(2)次に判断処理411にて、低抵抗状態に変化したかを判定する為のベリファイ読出しをセンスアンプ204にて行い、セル電流が判定レベルILRdet以上であるかをベリファイ読出しの論理値結果を出力する端子Dout出力データにて判断する。セル電流が、判定レベルILRdet以上の場合は、センスアンプの判定結果として「0」のデータが出力端子Doutから出力され(処理411で「真」となり)、外部措置により低抵抗化書込みが終了となるので「真」の方向へ進み、判定レベルILRdet以下の場合は。特性タイプ2となっているのでセンスアンプの判定結果として「1」のデータが出力端子Doutから出力され(処理411で「偽」となり)、外部措置により「偽」の方向へ進め、
(3)前記手段によって求めた正電圧Vtlのパルス印加による低抵抗安定化書込みの処理420を実施する。ここでも正電圧Vtlは前記手段によって求めた正常な低抵抗状態に変化させる最適な電圧を設定するので、低抵抗安定化書込み420は一回のみの実施にて書込みは完了する。
11 上部電極
12 酸化層
13 抵抗変化層
14p、14t 下部電極
15 酸化層
104 トランジスタ
105 メモリセル
200 不揮発性記憶装置(抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置)
201 メモリ本体部
202 メモリセルアレイ
203 列選択回路
204 センスアンプ
205 データ出力回路
206 書き込み回路
207 行ドライバ
208 行選択回路
209 アドレス入力回路
210 制御回路
211 書込み用電源
212 低抵抗(LR)化用電源
213 高抵抗(HR)化用電源
214 低抵抗(LR)安定化書込み用電源
215 データ入力回路
221 LR化用基準電圧発生器
222、225、500、511、512 差動増幅回路
224 HR化用基準電圧発生器
226、227 3状態ドライバ
229 印加電圧コントローラ
231 電圧選択スイッチ群
232、246、247、248、503、505 固定抵抗
233、513 ドライバ
234、240、241、249、250、251、502、506 Nチャネルトランジスタ
235、242、243、501、504 Pチャネルトランジスタ
236 低抵抗安定化書込み回路
237 平滑容量
245 バッファ
262 メモリコントローラ
300 メモリセル
301 半導体基板
302a、302b N型拡散層領域
303a ゲート絶縁膜
303b ゲート電極
304、306、308、310 ビア
305、307、311 配線層
317 トランジスタ
507、508 擬似メモリセル回路
Claims (28)
- 第1電極及び第2電極を備え、前記第1及び第2電極間に印加する電圧の極性に応じて高抵抗状態と低抵抗状態とを可逆的に遷移する抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子に対するデータの書き込み方法であって、
前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子を高抵抗状態にするために、前記第1電極を基準に前記第2電極に正の第1の電圧を印加する高抵抗化書き込みステップと、
前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子を低抵抗状態にするために、前記第1電極を基準に前記第2電極に負の第2の電圧を印加する低抵抗化書き込みステップと、
前記低抵抗化書き込みステップによって前記負の第2の電圧が印加された後に、前記第1電極を基準に前記第2電極に正の第3の電圧を印加することによって前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子を低抵抗状態にする低抵抗安定化書き込みステップと
を含む抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法。 - 前記低抵抗化書き込みステップによる負の第2の電圧印加によって、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値は、前記高抵抗状態における抵抗値である高抵抗値と前記低抵抗状態における抵抗値である低抵抗値との間の中間低抵抗値に変化する場合があり、
前記低抵抗安定化書き込みステップでは、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値を、前記中間低抵抗値から前記低抵抗値に変化させる
請求項1記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法。 - 前記低抵抗安定化書き込みステップでは、段階的に上昇する正の電圧を印加する
請求項2記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法。 - 前記低抵抗安定化書き込みステップでは、段階的に上昇する正の電圧を印加することで、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値を、前記中間低抵抗値から前記低抵抗値を経て前記高抵抗値に変化させる
請求項3記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法。 - 前記低抵抗安定化書き込みステップでは、予め定められた前記正の第3の電圧を1回だけ印加することによって、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値を、前記中間低抵抗値から前記低抵抗値に変化させる
請求項2記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法。 - 前記予め定められた正の第3の電圧は、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値が、低抵抗状態にある前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子がとり得る低抵抗値のうち最小の低抵抗値となるために印加すべき電圧以下である
請求項5記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法。 - さらに、前記低抵抗化書き込みステップによって負の電圧が印加された後における前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値が前記低抵抗値であるか否かを判断する確認ステップを含み、
前記低抵抗安定化書き込みステップは、前記確認ステップで前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値が前記低抵抗値でないと判断された場合にだけ行われる
請求項2~6のいずれか1項に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法。 - さらに、製造直後の前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子に対して前記高抵抗化書き込みステップ及び前記低抵抗化書き込みステップのいずれも行われていない場合に、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値を前記高抵抗値以上の高抵抗値からそれよりも低い抵抗値に変化させるために、前記第1電極を基準に前記第2電極に負の電圧を印加するフォーミングステップを含み、
前記低抵抗安定化書き込みステップは、前記フォーミングステップに続いて行われる
請求項2~7のいずれか1項に記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法。 - 前記第3の電圧は、前記低抵抗化書き込みステップによって前記負の第2の電圧が印加されたときに前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子に流れる電流と同じ値の電流を当該抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の第2電極から第1電極に流すのに必要な電圧である
請求項1又は2記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法。 - 第1電極及び第2電極を備え、前記第1及び第2電極間に印加する電圧の極性に応じて高抵抗状態と低抵抗状態とを可逆的に遷移する抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子に対して、製造直後の初期状態から、記憶素子として使用できる状態に変化させる初期化方法であって、
製造直後の初期状態にある抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子に対して、その抵抗値を下げるために、前記第1電極を基準に前記第2電極に負の第4の電圧を印加するフォーミングステップと、
前記フォーミングステップによって前記負の第4の電圧が印加された後に、前記第1電極を基準に前記第2電極に正の電圧を印加することによって前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子を低抵抗状態にする低抵抗安定化書き込みステップと
を含む抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の初期化方法。 - 前記フォーミングステップでは、前記負の第4の電圧を印加することによって、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値を、前記高抵抗状態における抵抗値である高抵抗値よりも高い抵抗値から、前記高抵抗値と前記低抵抗状態における抵抗値である低抵抗値との間の中間低抵抗値に変化させ、
前記低抵抗安定化書き込みステップでは、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値を前記中間低抵抗値から前記低抵抗値に変化させる
請求項10記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の初期化方法。 - 前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子は、複数個あり、
前記初期化方法はさらに、前記複数個の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子から一つずつ順に選択していく選択ステップを含み、
前記フォーミングステップと前記低抵抗安定化書き込みステップとは、前記選択ステップで一つの抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子が選択される度に行われる
請求項10又は11記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の初期化方法。 - 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子にデータを記憶させる抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置であって、
第1電極及び第2電極を有し前記第1及び第2電極間に印加する電圧の極性に応じて高抵抗状態と低抵抗状態とを可逆的に遷移する抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子とスイッチ素子とが直列に接続された複数のメモリセルから構成されるメモリセルアレイと、
前記メモリセルアレイの中から、少なくとも1つのメモリセルを選択する選択部と、
前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子に対してデータを書き込むための電源を供給する書き込み用電源と、
前記書き込み用電源から供給される電源に基づいて、前記選択部で選択されたメモリセルに含まれる前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子に対してデータを書き込むための電圧を印加する書き込み回路とを備え、
前記書き込み用電源は、
前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子を高抵抗状態にするための電源を供給する高抵抗化用電源と、
前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子を低抵抗状態にするための電源を供給する低抵抗化用電源と、
前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子を追加的に安定な低抵抗状態にするための電源を供給する低抵抗安定化書き込み用電源とを有し、
前記書き込み回路は、
前記高抵抗化用電源からの電源に基づいて、前記選択部で選択されたメモリセルに含まれる前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子を高抵抗状態にするのに必要な正の第1の電圧が前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の前記第1電極を基準に前記第2電極に印加されるように、当該メモリセルに電圧を印加する高抵抗化書き込み部と、
前記低抵抗化用電源からの電源に基づいて、前記選択部で選択されたメモリセルに含まれる前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子を低抵抗状態にするのに必要な負の第2の電圧が前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の前記第1電極を基準に前記第2電極に印加されるように、当該メモリセルに電圧を印加する低抵抗化書き込み部と、
前記低抵抗化書き込み部による前記負の第2の電圧印加の後に、前記低抵抗安定化書き込み用電源からの電源に基づいて、前記選択部で選択されたメモリセルに含まれる前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子を低抵抗状態にするのに必要な正の第3の電圧が前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の前記第1電極を基準に前記第2電極に印加されるように、当該メモリセルに電圧を印加する低抵抗安定化書き込み部とを有する
抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記低抵抗安定化書き込み部は、前記低抵抗化書き込み部による前記負の第2の電圧印加によって前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値が前記高抵抗状態における抵抗値である高抵抗値と前記低抵抗状態における抵抗値である低抵抗値との間の中間低抵抗値に変化した場合に、前記正の第3の電圧印加によって前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値を前記中間低抵抗値から前記低抵抗値に変化させる
請求項13記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記低抵抗安定化書き込み用電源は、複数の電圧から選択した1つの電圧を順に選択して供給することで、段階的に上昇する正の電圧を供給する
請求項14記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記低抵抗安定化書き込み部は、前記低抵抗安定化書き込み用電源からの電源に基づいて段階的に上昇する正の電圧を前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子に印加することで、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値を、前記中間低抵抗値から前記低抵抗値を経て前記高抵抗値に変化させる
請求項15記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記低抵抗安定化書き込み用電源は、予め定められた正の電圧を供給し、
前記低抵抗安定化書き込み部は、前記低抵抗化書き込み部による前記負の第2の電圧印加の後に、前記低抵抗安定化書き込み用電源からの電源に基づいて前記予め定められた正の第3の電圧を1回だけ前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子に印加することによって、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値を、前記中間低抵抗値から前記低抵抗値に変化させる
請求項14記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記低抵抗安定化書き込み用電源は、前記予め定められた正の第3の電圧として、前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値が、低抵抗状態にある前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子がとり得る低抵抗値のうち最小の低抵抗値となるために印加すべき電圧以下である電圧を供給する
請求項17記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第3の電圧は、前記低抵抗化書き込み部によって前記負の第2の電圧が印加されたときに前記抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子に流れる電流と同じ値の電流を当該抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の第2電極から第1電極に流すのに必要な電圧である
請求項13又は14記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記低抵抗安定化書き込み部は、
前記低抵抗状態における抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値と同じ抵抗値をもつ抵抗素子とスイッチ素子とが直列に接続された第1及び第2擬似メモリセルと、
前記低抵抗化用電源からの電源を入力とし、前記低抵抗化書き込み部が前記メモリセルを低抵抗化する時に印加する電圧と同じ値の電圧を、前記第1擬似メモリセルに印加する第1バッファアンプと、
前記第1擬似メモリセルに流れる電流と同じ値の電流を発生し、前記発生した電流を前記第2擬似メモリセルに印加するよう電流を制御する端子を有するカレントミラー回路と、
前記第2擬似メモリセルの両端に生じた電圧を入力とし、入力された前記電圧と同じ値の電圧を出力する第2バッファアンプとを有する
請求項19記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1バッファアンプは、非反転入力端子が前記低抵抗化用電源に接続され、反転入力端子が第1擬似メモリセルに接続され、出力端子が前記カレントミラー回路における前記電流を制御する端子に接続された差動増幅回路である
請求項20記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1及び第2擬似メモリセルでは、前記抵抗素子の一の端子と前記スイッチ素子の一の端子とが接続され、
前記第1バッファアンプは、前記第1擬似メモリセルを構成する抵抗素子の他の端子を基準に当該第1擬似メモリセルを構成するスイッチ素子の他の端子に対して、前記電圧を印加し、
前記カレントミラー回路は、前記第2擬似メモリセルを構成する抵抗素子の他の端子から当該第2擬似メモリセルを構成するスイッチ素子の他の端子に向けて電流が流れるように、前記電流を印加する
請求項20記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1及び第2擬似メモリセルでは、前記抵抗素子の一の端子と前記スイッチ素子の一の端子とが接続され、
前記第1バッファアンプは、前記第1擬似メモリセルを構成するスイッチ素子の他の端子を基準に当該第1擬似メモリセルを構成する抵抗素子の他の端子に対して、前記電圧を印加し、
前記カレントミラー回路は、前記第2擬似メモリセルを構成するスイッチ素子の他の端子から当該第2擬似メモリセルを構成する抵抗素子の他の端子に向けて電流が流れるように、前記電流を印加する
請求項20記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1及び第2擬似メモリセルに含まれるスイッチ素子は、MOSトランジスタであり、同一のゲート長及びゲート幅で構成されるゲートを有する
請求項20記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1及び第2擬似メモリセルに含まれる抵抗素子は、ポリシリコン又は半導体基板上の拡散層で構成される配線で構成される
請求項20記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1及び第2擬似メモリセルに含まれる抵抗素子は、前記低抵抗状態における抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の抵抗値と同じ抵抗値に設定された可変抵抗素子である
請求項20記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記カレントミラー回路は、ゲートどうしが接続された第1及び第2MOSトランジスタから構成され、
前記第1MOSトランジスタは、前記第1擬似メモリセルに接続され、
前記第2MOSトランジスタは、前記第2擬似メモリセルに接続され、前記第1MOSトランジスタよりも大きな電流能力を有する
請求項20記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記低抵抗安定化書き込み部はさらに、
前記第2バッファアンプから出力された電圧を、複数の分圧比から選択された一の分圧比で分圧して出力する低抵抗安定化書き込み用電源と、
前記低抵抗安定化書き込み用電源から出力される電圧を入力とし、入力された前記電圧と同じ値の電圧を出力する第3バッファアンプとを有する
請求項20記載の抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201080001861.1A CN102067234B (zh) | 2009-04-27 | 2010-04-27 | 电阻变化型非易失性存储元件的写入方法和电阻变化型非易失性存储装置 |
US12/999,019 US8305795B2 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2010-04-27 | Nonvolatile variable resistance memory element writing method, and nonvolatile variable resistance memory device |
JP2010537189A JP4642942B2 (ja) | 2009-04-27 | 2010-04-27 | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法及び抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 |
US13/599,406 US8665633B2 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2012-08-30 | Nonvolatile variable resistance memory element writing method, and nonvolatile variable resistance memory device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009-108528 | 2009-04-27 | ||
JP2009108528 | 2009-04-27 | ||
JP2009108555 | 2009-04-27 | ||
JP2009-108555 | 2009-04-27 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/999,019 A-371-Of-International US8305795B2 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2010-04-27 | Nonvolatile variable resistance memory element writing method, and nonvolatile variable resistance memory device |
US13/599,406 Division US8665633B2 (en) | 2009-04-27 | 2012-08-30 | Nonvolatile variable resistance memory element writing method, and nonvolatile variable resistance memory device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010125805A1 true WO2010125805A1 (ja) | 2010-11-04 |
Family
ID=43031963
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2010/003015 WO2010125805A1 (ja) | 2009-04-27 | 2010-04-27 | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法及び抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8305795B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4642942B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102067234B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010125805A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011044261A1 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-04-14 | Sandisk 3D Llc | Soft forming reversible resistivity-switching element for bipolar switching |
JP2012203926A (ja) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-10-22 | Toshiba Corp | 抵抗変化メモリ |
JP2012243826A (ja) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-12-10 | Toshiba Corp | 不揮発性記憶装置 |
JP5250726B1 (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-07-31 | パナソニック株式会社 | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法および抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 |
US8848430B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2014-09-30 | Sandisk 3D Llc | Step soft program for reversible resistivity-switching elements |
US8942025B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-01-27 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Variable resistance nonvolatile memory element writing method |
Families Citing this family (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101878507B (zh) * | 2008-09-30 | 2013-10-23 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 电阻变化元件的驱动方法、初始处理方法及非易失性存储装置 |
US8861259B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2014-10-14 | Rambus Inc. | Resistance change memory cell circuits and methods |
JP5539916B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-04 | 2014-07-02 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
JP5133471B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2013-01-30 | パナソニック株式会社 | 抵抗変化型不揮発性素子の書き込み方法および記憶装置 |
US8787068B2 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2014-07-22 | Elpida Memory, Inc. | Semiconductor device |
US8687409B2 (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2014-04-01 | Panasonic Corporation | Variable resistance nonvolatile memory device |
JP5128727B1 (ja) * | 2011-08-02 | 2013-01-23 | パナソニック株式会社 | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置およびその駆動方法 |
JP5634367B2 (ja) | 2011-09-26 | 2014-12-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体記憶装置 |
JP5642649B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-07 | 2014-12-17 | シャープ株式会社 | 半導体記憶装置及び半導体装置 |
US8958233B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 | 2015-02-17 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Stabilization of resistive memory |
US9087573B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2015-07-21 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Memory device and driving method thereof |
WO2014119329A1 (ja) | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-07 | パナソニック株式会社 | 不揮発性記憶装置 |
WO2014119327A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-07 | パナソニック株式会社 | 不揮発性記憶装置のデータ記録方法および不揮発性記憶装置のデータ書き込み回路 |
JP2015018591A (ja) | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-29 | 株式会社東芝 | 不揮発性半導体記憶装置 |
JP2016525259A (ja) * | 2013-07-25 | 2016-08-22 | ボーンズ、インコーポレイテッド | 非絶縁型ac−dc電源装置 |
US10037801B2 (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2018-07-31 | Hefei Reliance Memory Limited | 2T-1R architecture for resistive RAM |
CN104733611B (zh) * | 2013-12-24 | 2017-09-05 | 华邦电子股份有限公司 | 电阻式存储器装置及其存储单元 |
US9424914B2 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-08-23 | Winbond Electronics Corp. | Resistive memory apparatus and memory cell thereof |
WO2016011637A1 (zh) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | 相变存储器的数据存储方法及控制装置 |
WO2016011638A1 (zh) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | 相变存储器的数据存储方法及控制装置 |
KR102230195B1 (ko) | 2014-07-28 | 2021-03-19 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 메모리 장치 및 상기 메모리 장치의 동작 방법 |
US9692398B2 (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2017-06-27 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for voltage buffering |
US9418737B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2016-08-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Nonvolatile semiconductor memory device and method of controlling the same |
JP2016129081A (ja) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-07-14 | 株式会社東芝 | 再構成可能な回路 |
CN106033679B (zh) * | 2015-03-12 | 2019-03-08 | 华邦电子股份有限公司 | 电阻式存储器及量测该电阻式存储器的量测系统 |
WO2016194332A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-08 | 日本電気株式会社 | プログラマブル論理集積回路、設計支援システム及びコンフィグレーション方法 |
JP6402072B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-24 | 2018-10-10 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体不揮発性記憶装置及びその動作プログラム |
US9748943B2 (en) | 2015-08-13 | 2017-08-29 | Arm Ltd. | Programmable current for correlated electron switch |
US9851738B2 (en) | 2015-08-13 | 2017-12-26 | Arm Ltd. | Programmable voltage reference |
US9979385B2 (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2018-05-22 | Arm Ltd. | Circuit and method for monitoring correlated electron switches |
KR102468257B1 (ko) | 2016-08-08 | 2022-11-18 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 전자 장치 및 그 제조 방법 |
US10352971B2 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-07-16 | Arm Ltd. | Voltage detection with correlated electron switch |
TWI600009B (zh) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-09-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 可變電阻記憶體電路以及可變電阻記憶體電路之寫入方法 |
US10366752B2 (en) * | 2016-12-11 | 2019-07-30 | Technion Research & Development Foundation Ltd. | Programming for electronic memories |
FR3061599B1 (fr) * | 2017-01-02 | 2019-05-24 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede d'utilisation de composants electrochimiques pour le stockage d'energie et d'information et circuit electronique associe |
US9947402B1 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-04-17 | Arm Ltd. | Method, system and device for non-volatile memory device operation |
US10115473B1 (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-10-30 | Arm Ltd. | Method, system and device for correlated electron switch (CES) device operation |
US10304500B2 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-05-28 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Power switch control for dual power supply |
CN109410997B (zh) * | 2017-08-16 | 2021-04-30 | 华邦电子股份有限公司 | 电阻式存储器存储装置及其写入方法 |
US11250899B2 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2022-02-15 | Intel Corporation | 1S-1T ferroelectric memory |
US10062448B1 (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-08-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Zero bias fuse cell |
US10388361B1 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2019-08-20 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Differential amplifier schemes for sensing memory cells |
JP2019164874A (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | 東芝メモリ株式会社 | 記憶装置 |
US10811092B1 (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-10-20 | Winbond Electronics Corp. | RRAM with plurality of 1TnR structures |
CN110620128A (zh) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-27 | 浙江省北大信息技术高等研究院 | 一种阻变存储器件及其写入方法、擦除方法和读取方法 |
JP2021048184A (ja) * | 2019-09-17 | 2021-03-25 | キオクシア株式会社 | 記憶装置 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006155700A (ja) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-06-15 | Renesas Technology Corp | 半導体装置 |
WO2007013174A1 (ja) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-01 | Fujitsu Limited | 抵抗記憶素子及び不揮発性半導体記憶装置 |
JP2007226883A (ja) * | 2006-02-23 | 2007-09-06 | Sharp Corp | 可変抵抗素子の抵抗制御方法及び不揮発性半導体記憶装置 |
JP2008210441A (ja) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 抵抗変化型メモリ装置のフォーミング方法および抵抗変化型メモリ装置 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3752589B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-25 | 2006-03-08 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 不揮発性メモリを駆動する方法 |
JP4356542B2 (ja) | 2003-08-27 | 2009-11-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
JP4499740B2 (ja) | 2003-12-26 | 2010-07-07 | パナソニック株式会社 | 記憶素子、メモリ回路、半導体集積回路 |
JP4670252B2 (ja) | 2004-01-20 | 2011-04-13 | ソニー株式会社 | 記憶装置 |
JP4365737B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-30 | 2009-11-18 | シャープ株式会社 | 可変抵抗素子の駆動方法及び記憶装置 |
JP2006179560A (ja) | 2004-12-21 | 2006-07-06 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 記憶素子の再生方法およびメモリ回路 |
JP4313372B2 (ja) | 2005-05-11 | 2009-08-12 | シャープ株式会社 | 不揮発性半導体記憶装置 |
US7289351B1 (en) | 2005-06-24 | 2007-10-30 | Spansion Llc | Method of programming a resistive memory device |
JP4742696B2 (ja) | 2005-06-27 | 2011-08-10 | ソニー株式会社 | 記憶装置 |
JP2007193878A (ja) | 2006-01-18 | 2007-08-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | メモリ装置,および電気素子の再生電圧極性決定方法 |
JP4967176B2 (ja) | 2007-05-10 | 2012-07-04 | シャープ株式会社 | 可変抵抗素子とその製造方法及び不揮発性半導体記憶装置 |
JP5159224B2 (ja) | 2007-09-21 | 2013-03-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 抵抗変化メモリ装置 |
JP2010055719A (ja) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-11 | Toshiba Corp | 抵抗変化メモリ装置 |
-
2010
- 2010-04-27 US US12/999,019 patent/US8305795B2/en active Active
- 2010-04-27 WO PCT/JP2010/003015 patent/WO2010125805A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-04-27 JP JP2010537189A patent/JP4642942B2/ja active Active
- 2010-04-27 CN CN201080001861.1A patent/CN102067234B/zh active Active
-
2012
- 2012-08-30 US US13/599,406 patent/US8665633B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006155700A (ja) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-06-15 | Renesas Technology Corp | 半導体装置 |
WO2007013174A1 (ja) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-01 | Fujitsu Limited | 抵抗記憶素子及び不揮発性半導体記憶装置 |
JP2007226883A (ja) * | 2006-02-23 | 2007-09-06 | Sharp Corp | 可変抵抗素子の抵抗制御方法及び不揮発性半導体記憶装置 |
JP2008210441A (ja) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 抵抗変化型メモリ装置のフォーミング方法および抵抗変化型メモリ装置 |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8289749B2 (en) | 2009-10-08 | 2012-10-16 | Sandisk 3D Llc | Soft forming reversible resistivity-switching element for bipolar switching |
WO2011044261A1 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-04-14 | Sandisk 3D Llc | Soft forming reversible resistivity-switching element for bipolar switching |
US8848430B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 | 2014-09-30 | Sandisk 3D Llc | Step soft program for reversible resistivity-switching elements |
KR101520600B1 (ko) | 2011-03-23 | 2015-05-14 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | 저항 변화 메모리 |
CN103415888A (zh) * | 2011-03-23 | 2013-11-27 | 株式会社东芝 | 电阻变化存储器 |
JP2012203926A (ja) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-10-22 | Toshiba Corp | 抵抗変化メモリ |
KR101520565B1 (ko) * | 2011-03-23 | 2015-05-14 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | 저항 변화 메모리 |
US9053786B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2015-06-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Resistance-change memory |
US9601192B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2017-03-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Resistance-change memory having on-state, off-state, and intermediate state |
US9928908B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2018-03-27 | Toshiba Memory Corporation | Resistance-change memory operating with read pulses of opposite polarity |
JP2012243826A (ja) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-12-10 | Toshiba Corp | 不揮発性記憶装置 |
US8942025B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-01-27 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Variable resistance nonvolatile memory element writing method |
JP5250726B1 (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-07-31 | パナソニック株式会社 | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法および抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 |
US9001557B2 (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2015-04-07 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Variable resistance nonvolatile memory element writing method and variable resistance nonvolatile memory device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8665633B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
JPWO2010125805A1 (ja) | 2012-10-25 |
US8305795B2 (en) | 2012-11-06 |
CN102067234A (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
US20110128773A1 (en) | 2011-06-02 |
US20130003439A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
JP4642942B2 (ja) | 2011-03-02 |
CN102067234B (zh) | 2013-10-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4642942B2 (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法及び抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP4705998B2 (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法および抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP4705202B2 (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子のフォーミング方法および抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP5291248B2 (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子のフォーミング方法及び抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP6251885B2 (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置およびその書き込み方法 | |
JP4972238B2 (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子のフォーミング方法 | |
US9001557B2 (en) | Variable resistance nonvolatile memory element writing method and variable resistance nonvolatile memory device | |
JP5209151B1 (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法 | |
US8625328B2 (en) | Variable resistance nonvolatile storage device | |
US7738290B2 (en) | Phase change memory device | |
US20100110767A1 (en) | Resistance variable memory apparatus | |
JP5400253B1 (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法および抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP2014211937A (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子の書き込み方法および抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP6653488B2 (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶素子のフォーミング方法および抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置 | |
JP2015230736A (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置およびその書き込み方法 | |
WO2022009618A1 (ja) | 抵抗変化型不揮発性記憶装置およびその書き込み方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201080001861.1 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010537189 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12999019 Country of ref document: US |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10769505 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 10769505 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |