WO1997048440A1 - Device for enhancing transdermal agent delivery or sampling - Google Patents

Device for enhancing transdermal agent delivery or sampling Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997048440A1
WO1997048440A1 PCT/US1997/010516 US9710516W WO9748440A1 WO 1997048440 A1 WO1997048440 A1 WO 1997048440A1 US 9710516 W US9710516 W US 9710516W WO 9748440 A1 WO9748440 A1 WO 9748440A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blades
sheet
agent
openings
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1997/010516
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michel J. N. Cormier
Armand P. Neukermans
Barry Block
Felix T. Theeuwes
Alfred A. Amkraut
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alza Corp
Original Assignee
Alza Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alza Corp filed Critical Alza Corp
Priority to DK97930077T priority Critical patent/DK0914178T3/da
Priority to EP97930077A priority patent/EP0914178B1/en
Priority to JP50326698A priority patent/JP4012252B2/ja
Priority to AU33991/97A priority patent/AU3399197A/en
Priority to AT97930077T priority patent/ATE234129T1/de
Priority to CA002253549A priority patent/CA2253549C/en
Priority to DE69719761T priority patent/DE69719761T2/de
Publication of WO1997048440A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997048440A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14507—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood
    • A61B5/1451—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for interstitial fluid
    • A61B5/14514—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for interstitial fluid using means for aiding extraction of interstitial fluid, e.g. microneedles or suction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
    • A61B5/150022—Source of blood for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150053—Details for enhanced collection of blood or interstitial fluid at the sample site, e.g. by applying compression, heat, vibration, ultrasound, suction or vacuum to tissue; for reduction of pain or discomfort; Skin piercing elements, e.g. blades, needles, lancets or canulas, with adjustable piercing speed
    • A61B5/150061—Means for enhancing collection
    • A61B5/150099—Means for enhancing collection by negative pressure, other than vacuum extraction into a syringe by pulling on the piston rod or into pre-evacuated tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
    • A61B5/150274—Manufacture or production processes or steps for blood sampling devices
    • A61B5/150282—Manufacture or production processes or steps for blood sampling devices for piercing elements, e.g. blade, lancet, canula, needle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
    • A61B5/150412—Pointed piercing elements, e.g. needles, lancets for piercing the skin
    • A61B5/150427—Specific tip design, e.g. for improved penetration characteristics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150969—Low-profile devices which resemble patches or plasters, e.g. also allowing collection of blood samples for testing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150977—Arrays of piercing elements for simultaneous piercing
    • A61B5/150984—Microneedles or microblades
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15103—Piercing procedure
    • A61B5/15105—Purely manual piercing, i.e. the user pierces the skin without the assistance of any driving means or driving devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15103—Piercing procedure
    • A61B5/15107—Piercing being assisted by a triggering mechanism
    • A61B5/15113—Manually triggered, i.e. the triggering requires a deliberate action by the user such as pressing a drive button
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15142—Devices intended for single use, i.e. disposable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
    • A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
    • A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
    • A61N1/303—Constructional details
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B10/00—Instruments for taking body samples for diagnostic purposes; Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. for vaccination diagnosis, sex determination or ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
    • A61B10/0045—Devices for taking samples of body liquids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
    • A61B17/205—Vaccinating by means of needles or other puncturing devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M2037/0007—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin having means for enhancing the permeation of substances through the epidermis, e.g. using suction or depression, electric or magnetic fields, sound waves or chemical agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A61M2037/0023—Drug applicators using microneedles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A61M2037/0038—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles having a channel at the side surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A61M2037/0046—Solid microneedles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
    • A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
    • A61M2037/0053—Methods for producing microneedles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to transdermal agent delivery and sampling.
  • this invention relates to the transdermal delivery of agents, such as e peptides and proteins, as well as the transdermal sampling of agents, such as glucose,
  • Dresent invention uses skin-piercing microblades to enhance the 1 transdermal flux of the agents during transdermal delivery or sampling and ancho ⁇ ng 2 elements to assist in retaining the delivery or sampling device in the skin. 3 4 Background of the Invention 5
  • polypeptides and proteins are easily degraded during and after penetration
  • Electrotransport refers generally to the passage of a beneficial agent, e.g., a drug or 2 ⁇ drug precursor, through a body surface such as skin, mucous membranes, nails, and
  • the electrotransport of agents through a body surface 1 may be attained in various manners.
  • Electroosmosis another type of electrotransport process, involves the movement of a
  • Electroporation still another type of electrotransport, involves the passage of an agent e through pores formed by applying a high voltage electrical pulse to a membrane
  • Electrotransport delivery generally increases agent delivery, 9 particularly large molecular weight species (e g , polypeptides) delivery rates, relative 0 to passive or non-elect ⁇ cally assisted transdermal delivery
  • agent delivery 9 particularly large molecular weight species (e g , polypeptides) delivery rates
  • e g polypeptides
  • 3 One method of increasing the agent transdermal delivery rate involves pre-
  • permeation enhancer is broadly used herein to
  • the mechanism may involve a reduction ie of the electrical resistance of the body surface to the passage of the agent
  • the agent e.g., degradation by skin enzymes
  • Gerstel does disclose the use of other shapes, to pierce the outer layer of the
  • the present invention provides a reproducible, high volume production, low-cost device suitable for increasing transdermal flux and improving attachment to the skin with minimal to no skin irritation
  • the device generally comprises a structure that attaches to the skin more effectively than the prior art devices
  • the invention comprises a plurality of microblades for piercing and anchoring to the skin
  • the blades typically have a length of less than about 04 mm and a width and thickness which is even smaller In spite of their small size, the blades can be made with an extremely reproducible size and shape so that the microslits formed by the blades puncturing the skin also have a very reproducible size and depth Because the blades have a small thickness (i e , small relative to the width and length of the blades), the blades produce less tissue damage for a given cross-section than a skin piercing microneedle having a circular cross-section
  • the device of the present invention pierces the stratum corneum of a body surface to form pathways through which a substance (e g ,
  • the device is anchored to the body surface in any of plurality of ways, including but not limited to, having an extension such as a prong or barb extending from at least some of the microblades, having an opening extending perpendicular through at least some of the microblades, covering essentially the entire surface area of the skin contacting surface of the device with adhesive except 1 for one side ol the microblades, orienting at least some of the plurality of microblades at
  • the device of the present invention can be used in connection with drug
  • Delivery devices for use with the B present invention include, but are not limited to, electrotransport devices, passive 9 devices, osmotic devices and pressure-driven devices.
  • Sampling devices for use with o the present invention include, but are not limited to, "reverse" electrotransport devices 1 as disclosed in Glikfeld et al., U.S. Patent No 5,279,543, passive devices, osmotic 2 devices and negative pressure driven devices 3
  • the present invention also provides a high yield, low-cost method for producing,
  • Figure 1 is a perspective exploded view of one embodiment of an
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the skin proximal side of the blade
  • Figure 3 is a partial top plan view of a blade array pattern in accordance with
  • FIG. 25 Figure 4 is partial top plan view of yet another embodiment of the blade array
  • FIG. 27 Figure 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the blades of the blade array pattern
  • FIG. 29 Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a blade tip in accordance with one embodiment
  • FIG. 30 of the present invention 1 Figure 7 is an enlarged view of a blade tip in accordance with another
  • FIG. 3 Figure 8 is a diagrammatic representation of a method for producing blades of
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of angled blades in accordance
  • Figures 10, 11 and 12 are yet other embodiments of the blades with anchoring ⁇ elements of the present invention.
  • Figure 27 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a
  • Figure 28 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a sampling system in
  • Figure 29 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the ⁇ blades of the present invention.
  • Device 2 is used for the percutaneous administration or sampling of an
  • mice such as mice, rats, guinea pigs, and the like.
  • epidermis generally comprises three layers commonly identified as stratum
  • 1 Device 2 comprises a plurality of microblades 4 (i.e., a blade array) extending
  • body surface refers generally to the skin, mucous membranes, and 7 nails of an animal or human, and to the outer surface of a plant.
  • the device 2 of the present invention improves the attachment of
  • Barbs 50 can be on any number of the blades from one blade to all blades.
  • the microblades 4 are generally formed from a single piece of material and are
  • the microblades 4 and the sheet 6 are essentially impermeable or are
  • the sheet 6 is formed with an opening 8
  • agent e.g., body analyte
  • the opening 8 corresponds to the portion of the
  • 30 per opening can be any number, preferably however between 1 and about 30 blades
  • the device may have only one opening and one
  • the agent can be administered at a controlled rate of release from the
  • the microblades 4 have a thickness which is much e smaller than the width of the blades near their base, i e , near the point where the 7 blades are attached to the plate 6
  • This blade geometry provides maximum drug ⁇ percolation area with a minimum blade penetration area, and hence less tissue 9 damage
  • the drug percolation area is the skin area in contact with the blades which 0 provides for drug penetration in the skin
  • the microblades are shaped with the largest 1 possible surface area with a minimal cross-sectional area so as to give the largest
  • blade can be any of a range of widths
  • the widths can be different from blade to blade ⁇ in the array pattern Likewise, the width can be variable along the length of the blade,
  • the blade and the body surface after the blade array has been inserted is preferably in
  • microblades 4 ( Figure 5) are also provided with slanted
  • the angle of the leading edge is designated as ⁇ .
  • each blade can all be the same angle or can be at
  • each leading edge can be any 1 angle between about 10° to 90°, preferably between about 10° to 60°, more preferably
  • leading edge can also be segmented into two sections at
  • the first segment can have an angle ⁇ between about
  • each blade can be arcuate (i.e., curved) in e shape, having, for example, a convex or concave shape.
  • the 7 leading edge is a curved tip across the entire width of the blade.
  • microblades 4 are provided with barbs 50 ( Figures 2, 3 and 5) in some fashion so
  • 15 size of the barbs is such as to retain the delivery or sampling device during the normal
  • each microblade cuts ie through and pushes aside the skin tissue. After the microblades have come to rest in
  • the skin for an extended period of time (e.g., 24 hours), the skin tissue begins to heal
  • each blade can have a plurality of barbs extending therefrom.
  • microblades in one embodiment, have a cross-section that is wider in the area of
  • the blades can have an
  • the resulting curved cross-section of the blade can be, but is not limited to, angular,
  • the plurality of blades 4 for puncturing the stratum corneum are present on one ⁇ face surface 48 of the device 2 in any predetermined arrangement, for example, as a 9 cluster of blades spaced in rows having any desired number, or in any spaced apart 0 relation of one blade to each other.
  • the device 2 of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 1 and 2 is produced by the pattern shown in Figure 3.
  • Each blade has a width and 2 thickness that facilitates penetration of the stratum corneum without bending.
  • each blade is between about 137.5 ⁇ m to about 175 ⁇ m and the length is
  • the blades will be about 25
  • a thin sheet or plate 6 of metal such as
  • 26 sheet about 7 ⁇ m to about 100 ⁇ m thick, preferably about 25 ⁇ m to about 50 ⁇ m thick.
  • a punch 54 having a plurality of
  • the finished structure provides blades 4 with
  • Rectangular openings 8 are shown in the figures but the 9 invention encompasses the use of any shape openings including, but not limited to, 0 square, triangular, circular and elliptical.
  • the sheet 6 in some areas can have additional etched openings 80 ( Figure 4) to
  • the openings can be any of a variety of shapes (e.g., rectangular, circular,
  • the openings also allow the sheet to be more easily curved to
  • the present invention maximizes the openings through the ie sheet but with a sufficient number of horizontal and vertical continuous portions in the
  • the sheet will bend (i.e., crinkle).
  • the sheet will bend (i.e., crinkle).
  • concave surface can be shaped to match the convex pattern of the body.
  • the blades 4 can be patterned with resist on both sides 48,49 and subsequently
  • 29 blades 4 can be patterned and etched from one side (i.e., side 49) only ( Figure 6).
  • the etching process can be controlled to etch
  • the lithography process produces a
  • the lithography process also can produce very small dimensioned
  • each of the blades in 0 the blade array pattern is thinner than the surrounding sheet 6.
  • the sheet 6 1 forms a strong base and as the punch 54 deforms the blades 4 downward, each of the
  • a dry resist e.g., "Dynachem FL"
  • a wet resist e.g., "Shipley 111 S"
  • a suitable etchant e.g., ferric chloride
  • the blades 4 are at an angle of about 90° to the surface 48 of the
  • the blades are all
  • the angled blades have two principal advantages. First, penetration of
  • the blades is not opposed by the elasticity of the skin because the blades are slid
  • anchoring of the device is achieved by coating
  • One 0 method of producing this embodiment comprises spraying the adhesive on the device 2
  • the agent is free to
  • the sheet and blades can be made from materials that have sufficient strength
  • blades such as, glasses, ceramics, rigid polymers
  • metals and metal alloys examples include but are not
  • nickel, zirconium, titanium and titanium alloys consisting of nickel, molybdenum and
  • glasses include a devitrified glass such as "Photoceram" available
  • rigid polymers examples include but are not limited to 2 ⁇ polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene, polyethylene, "Bakelite", cellulose
  • ABS acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene
  • acryiic acid polymers including polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. 1 Very dense patterns can be created with unit cells wherein a unit cell has a
  • 3 pattern has the following characteristics: a unit cell area of 0.63 mm by 3.8 mm; the
  • 5 length per square centimeter is 625 mm.
  • microblades of the present invention make an elongated, thin microcut (i.e.,
  • the geometry of the microblades 4 results in minimal blade 0 volume in the skin with maximal blade surface area in the skin.
  • the advantages of the 1 present invention include, but are not limited to: (1 ) the thin blade geometry produces
  • prong 68 is etched in
  • the blades may be repunched to regain their substantially
  • Hinges 72 ( Figure 13) can be used to control the retention force of
  • the hinges allow for the retention force to be tailored
  • the force can be tailored by the amount of attachment of the prong to the
  • each prong can be any of a variety of shapes such as triangular, square, etc.
  • Tne prongs and curved protrusions act to anchor the device in the skin
  • the blade 4 has additional openings 74 extending through the blade 9 to enhance anchoring.
  • the edges forming the holes or other linear openings are 0 etched through the blade.
  • numerous small pits i.e.,
  • the elastic nature of the skin tissue causes the skin to move into the openings or
  • the skin tissue may heal and reconnect
  • the blades associated with each opening 8 can be oriented at any angle with
  • each opening can be along perpendicular sides of the openings.
  • the blades within each opening can be formed in a serrated pattern as illustrated in
  • 29 delivery or sampling device used i.e., electrotransport, passive, osmotic,
  • the present invention has a
  • the present invention produces a percolation area 0 of about 0.005 to .05 cm 2 /cm 2 of body surface, preferably about 0.01 cm 2 /cm 2 of body 1 surface.
  • Electrotransport refers generally
  • a beneficial agent e.g., a drug or drug precursor
  • Electroosmosis another type of electrotransport
  • Electroporation still another type of electrotransport, involves the passage of an agent
  • Electrotransport devices generally use at least two electrodes which are in 0 electrical contact with some portion of the skin, nails, mucous membranes, or other 1 body surface.
  • one of the two electrodes is 2 commonly referred to as the "donor” or “active” electrode, and is the one from which the 3 agent is delivered into the body.
  • one of the 4 two electrodes is referred to as the "receptor” electrode, and is the one into which the 5 agent (e.g., body electrolyte) is collected upon being withdrawn from the body.
  • the 6 second electrode is, typically termed the “counter” or “return” electrode, and serves to 7 close the electrical circuit through the body.
  • the agent to be s delivered is a cation, i.e., a positively charged ion
  • the anode becomes the active or 9 donor electrode, while the cathode serves to complete the circuit.
  • the cathode is the 1 donor electrode.
  • the agent to be sampled is a cation
  • the cathode becomes the 2 receptor electrode while the anode serves to complete the circuit.
  • the agent to 3 be sampled is an anion
  • the anode becomes the receptor electrode while the cathode 4 serves to complete the circuit.
  • Electrotransport delivery ⁇ systems generally require at least one reservoir or source of the agent to be delivered 9 to the body. Electrotransport sampling systems likewise require at least one reservoir so in which to collect the agent being sampled. Examples of such reservoirs include a 31 pouch or cavity as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,250,878 to Jacobsen et al., a porous 1 sponge or pad as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,141 ,359 to Jacobsen et al., and a
  • Such reservoirs are electrically connected to, and positioned between, the
  • an electrical power source e.g., one or more batteries
  • Optional electrotransport device components include a counter reservoir,
  • Device 10 comprises an upper housing 16, a circuit board assembly 18, a lower
  • Upper housing 16 has lateral wings 15 17 which assist in holding device 10 on a patient's skin.
  • Printed circuit board assembly 18 ie comprises an integrated circuit 19 coupled to discrete components 40 and battery 32.
  • Circuit board assembly 18 is attached to housing 16 by posts (not shown in Figure 1)
  • 25 board assembly 18 is a button cell battery 32.
  • Other types of batteries may also be
  • the device 10 is generally comprised of battery 32, electronic circuitry 19,40,
  • circuit board assembly 18 make electrical contact with the electrodes 24 and 22
  • formulation of reservoir 26 is preferably a viscous gel that fills the openings 8 such that
  • the reservoir 26 is in direct contact with the skin when the blades have penetrated the ⁇ stratum corneum.
  • the contact between the reservoir and skin provides a path for the 9 agent to be transported along. If the reservoir 26 is not in direct contact with the skin 0 initially typically sweat accumulates in the confined area and provides an agent- 1 transmitting pathway between reservoir 26 and the skin.
  • 2 Device 10 optionally has a feature which allows the patient to self-administer
  • the push button switch 12 is conveniently located
  • the device transmits to the user a visual and/or audible
  • Anodic electrode 22 is preferably comprised of silver and cathodic electrode 24 is
  • Both reservoirs 26 and 28 are preferably
  • Electrodes 22,24 and reservoirs 26,28 are comprised of polymeric gel materials. Electrodes 22,24 and reservoirs 26,28 are
  • Upper housing 16 is preferably composed of rubber or other elastomeric
  • Lower housing 20 is preferably
  • the 7 assembled device 10 is preferably water resistant (i.e., splash proof) and is most e preferably waterproof.
  • the system has a low profile that easily conforms to the body, g thereby allowing freedom of movement at, and around, the wearing site.
  • the reservoirs 0 26 and 28 are located on the skin-contacting side of the device 10 and are sufficiently 1 separated to prevent accidental electrical shorting during normal handling and use.
  • the device 10 adheres to the patient's body surface (e.g., skin) by means of an 3 adhesive layer 30 (which has upper adhesive side 34 and body contacting adhesive 4 side 36) and the anchoring elements on the device 2 of any of the embodiments 5 discussed above.
  • the adhesive side 36 covers the entire underneath side of the 6 device 10 except where the device 2 and reservoir 28 are located.
  • the adhesive side 7 36 has adhesive properties which assures that the device 10 remains in place on the 8 body during normal user activity, and yet permits reasonable removal after the 9 predetermined (e.g., 24-hour) wear period.
  • Upper adhesive side 34 adheres to lower 0 housing 20 and retains the electrodes and reservoirs within housing depression 25,25' 1 as well as retains device 2 to lower housing 20 and lower housing 20 to upper housing 2 16.
  • the bandage cover is stripped from the device before the device is
  • transdermal delivery device 88 comprises a reservoir 90 containing agent. Reservoir
  • 31 90 is preferably in the form of a matrix containing the agent dispersed therein. 1 Reservoir 90 is sandwiched between a backing layer 92, which is preferably
  • 3 reservoir 90 is formed of a material, such as a rubbery polymer, that is sufficiently
  • the reservoir 90 would initially not contain the agent.
  • ⁇ microblade array device 2 Located below membrane 94 is ⁇ microblade array device 2.
  • the device 88 adheres to a body surface by means of 9 contact adhesive layer 96 around the periphery of the device 2 and by the anchoring
  • the adhesive layer 96 may
  • a strippable release liner (not shown) is normally provided
  • transdermal therapeutic device 98 may be
  • Device 98 is comprised of an agent-containing
  • reservoir 90 (for a delivery configuration) which is preferably in the form of a matrix i ⁇ containing the agent dispersed therein.
  • the reservoir 90 In a sampling configuration, the reservoir 90
  • An impermeable backing layer 102 is provided
  • Adhesive overlay 100 maintains the device 98 on
  • Adhesive overlay 100 can be any material
  • the adhesive overlay 100 may be preferable to
  • 26 reservoir contains a material (such as, for example, an oily surfactant permeation
  • Impermeable backing layer 102 is preferably slightly larger than reservoir 90,
  • the formulation for the passive transdermal devices may be aqueous or non-
  • Aqueous formulations typically comprise water and about 1 to 2 weight percent 7 of a hydrophilic polymer as a gelling agent, such as hydroxyethylcellulose or ⁇ hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • Typical non-aqueous gels are comprised of silicone fluid or 9 mineral oil.
  • Mineral oil-based gels also typically contain 1 to 2 weight percent of a
  • gelling agent such as colloidal silicon dioxide.
  • the reservoir matrix is preferably a
  • hydrophilic polymer e.g., a hydrogel.
  • 15 reservoir matrix is preferably composed of a hydrophobic polymer.
  • Suitable polymeric ie matrices are well known in the transdermal drug delivery art.
  • the drug is present in the matrix i ⁇ or carrier at a concentration in excess of saturation, the amount of excess being a
  • the drug may,
  • the matrix or carrier may also contain dyes, pigments,
  • the agent is preferably delivered in
  • drugs should preferably be ionized and the drug salt should be soluble in water. It is e generally believed that the pathways for passive and electrotransported transdermal 7 drug delivery through intact skin are different, with passive delivery occurring through ⁇ lipid regions (i.e., hydrophobic regions) of the skin and electrotransport delivery 9 occurring through hydrophilic pathways or pores such as those associated with hair
  • the drug for passive delivery is generally hydrophobic, e.g., free base form, whereas
  • hydrophilic e.g., water
  • the drug preferably has sufficient ie solubility in the carrier solvent. It will be appreciated by those working in the field that 17 the present invention can be used in conjunction with a wide variety of osmotic delivery i ⁇ or sampling systems, as the invention is not limited to a particular device in this regard.
  • anti-infectives such as antibiotics and antiviral agents
  • analgesics including fentanyl, sufentanil, buprenorphine and analgesic combinations
  • anticonvulsants 28 anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antidiabetic agents, antidiarrheals, antihistamines,
  • antiparkinsonism drugs including antiparkinsonism drugs, antipruritics, antipsychotics, antipyretics, antispasmodics, 1 including gastrointestinal and urinary anticholinergics, sympathomimetrics, xanthine
  • cardiovascular preparations including calcium channel blockers such as
  • betablockers beta-agonists such as dobutamine and ritodrine
  • antiarrythmics such as atenolol
  • ACE inhibitors such as ranitidine
  • vasodilators including general, coronary, peripheral and cerebral, central e nervous system stimulants, cough and cold preparations, decongestants, diagnostics, 7 hormones such as parathyroid hormone, bisphosphoriates, hypnotics, ⁇ immunosuppressives, muscle relaxants, parasympatholytics, parasympathomimetrics, 9 prostaglandins, psychostimulants, sedatives and tranquilizers.
  • the invention is also
  • nucleotidic drugs including
  • the present invention has particular utility in the delivery of peptides
  • 17 surfaces such as skin. These substances typically have a molecular weight of at least ⁇ about 300 daltons, and more typically have a molecular weight of at least about 300 to
  • LHRH LHRH, LHRH analogs such as goserelin, buserelin, gonadorelin,
  • hormones e.g., HGH, HMG, desmopressin acetate, etc.
  • follicle luteoids e.g., follicle luteoids, ⁇ ANF,
  • growth factors such as growth factor releasing factor (GFRF), ⁇ MSH, GH, somatostatin,
  • bradykinin bradykinin, somatotropin, platelet-derived growth factor, asparaginase, bleomycin
  • CGRP calcitonin gene related peptide
  • IGF-1 insulin growth factor-1
  • neurotrophic factors neurotrophic factors
  • colony stimulating factors parathyroid hormone 3
  • the device 2 of the present invention can also be used
  • FIG. 11 Figure 28 illustrates an osmotic sampling device 104 in combination with any of the
  • Osmotic sampling devices can be
  • a body surface including, but not limited to glucose, body electrolytes, alcohol,
  • the osmotic sampling i6 device 104 is attached to a body surface by means of a flexible adhesive overlay 100 17 and the anchoring elements of device 2.
  • Device 104 is comprised of a salt layer 106 is located between a semi-permeable or osmotic membrane 94 and an optional agent
  • the optional agent sensing element can be any of a variety of
  • the adhesive overlay 100 can have a cut-out or
  • the agent sensing element can be located
  • the device 10 in the hairless guinea pig.
  • I I consisted of a sheet having a plurality of rectangular openings having six blades, three
  • Each device was a two cm 2 piece of stainless steel 25 ⁇ m thick etched and i ⁇ punched with eight pairs of offset rows or 160 groups of six blades for a total of 960

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  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
PCT/US1997/010516 1996-06-18 1997-06-17 Device for enhancing transdermal agent delivery or sampling Ceased WO1997048440A1 (en)

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DK97930077T DK0914178T3 (da) 1996-06-18 1997-06-17 Anordning til forøgelse af transdermal afgivelse eller prøveudtagning af et middel
EP97930077A EP0914178B1 (en) 1996-06-18 1997-06-17 Device for enhancing transdermal agent delivery or sampling
JP50326698A JP4012252B2 (ja) 1996-06-18 1997-06-17 薬剤の経皮放出又はサンプリングを高めるための装置
AU33991/97A AU3399197A (en) 1996-06-18 1997-06-17 Device for enhancing transdermal agent delivery or sampling
AT97930077T ATE234129T1 (de) 1996-06-18 1997-06-17 Vorrichtung zur verbesserung der transdermalen verabreichung von medikamenten oder der abnahme von körperflüssigkeiten
CA002253549A CA2253549C (en) 1996-06-18 1997-06-17 Device for enhancing transdermal agent delivery or sampling
DE69719761T DE69719761T2 (de) 1996-06-18 1997-06-17 Vorrichtung zur verbesserung der transdermalen verabreichung von medikamenten oder der abnahme von körperflüssigkeiten

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EP (3) EP0914178B1 (enExample)
JP (4) JP4012252B2 (enExample)
AR (2) AR008242A1 (enExample)
AT (3) ATE234129T1 (enExample)
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CA (3) CA2253549C (enExample)
DE (3) DE69719761T2 (enExample)
DK (3) DK0914178T3 (enExample)
ES (3) ES2195151T3 (enExample)
PT (2) PT917484E (enExample)
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CA2253549C (en) 2005-10-25
DE69730971D1 (de) 2004-11-04
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ES2230614T3 (es) 2005-05-01
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EP0917484A1 (en) 1999-05-26
JP2000512529A (ja) 2000-09-26
TW349872B (en) 1999-01-11
PT917483E (pt) 2005-01-31
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US20070118070A1 (en) 2007-05-24
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US20020016562A1 (en) 2002-02-07
ES2195151T3 (es) 2003-12-01
ZA975326B (en) 1998-01-14
DE69730973D1 (de) 2004-11-04
CA2253471C (en) 2007-10-30
EP0917483A1 (en) 1999-05-26
CA2253549A1 (en) 1997-12-24
US6219574B1 (en) 2001-04-17
JP2007260436A (ja) 2007-10-11
DE69730971T2 (de) 2005-11-17
JP3847790B2 (ja) 2006-11-22
AU3399197A (en) 1998-01-07
AU3572597A (en) 1998-01-07
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US7184826B2 (en) 2007-02-27
AR008242A1 (es) 1999-12-29
US6537264B1 (en) 2003-03-25
WO1997048441A1 (en) 1997-12-24
ATE277670T1 (de) 2004-10-15
CA2257217C (en) 2006-03-07
CA2253471A1 (en) 1997-12-24
ES2230611T3 (es) 2005-05-01
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US6230051B1 (en) 2001-05-08
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ATE277671T1 (de) 2004-10-15
EP0917484B1 (en) 2004-09-29
ATE234129T1 (de) 2003-03-15
EP0914178B1 (en) 2003-03-12
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