JP6443802B2 - 分析物モニタリング装置および方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、その開示があらゆる目的のためにその全体を参照することにより本書に組み込まれる、「分析物モニタリング装置および方法（Analyte Monitoring Device and Methods）」と題する２０１１年１１月７日に出願された米国仮特許出願第６１／５５６，８２４号の優先権の利益を主張するものである。
本発明は、分析物モニタリング装置および方法に関する。
特定の個人の血糖値や、あるいは乳酸、酸素、エーワンシー（Ａ１Ｃ）などの他の分析物の検出および／またはモニタリングは、その個人の健康のために極めて重要である。例えばブドウ糖のモニタリングは、糖尿病を持つ人にとって特に重要である。糖尿病患者は、一般に血糖値をモニタリングして、その血糖値が臨床的に安全な範囲内で維持されているかどうかを判定する。さらに糖尿病患者は、体内の血糖値を下げるためにインスリンが必要かどうか、および／またはいつインスリンが必要か、あるいは体内のブドウ糖濃度を上げるためにいつブドウ糖を追加する必要があるかを判定するのに、この情報を使用することもできる。
増大する臨床データで、ブドウ糖モニタリングの頻度と血糖コントロールとの間の強い相関が実証されている。こういった相関があるにも拘わらず、糖尿病状態であると診断された人の多くは、利便性、検査の自由、ブドウ糖検査での痛み、および／または費用を含めた要因が組み合わさることで、行うべき頻度ほど血糖値のモニタリングを行っていない。
血流内または間質液（“ＩＳＦ”）内などの体液内、または他の生体液内の、ブドウ糖などの分析物の自動または連続的なモニタリングのために、装置が既に開発されている。これらの分析物測定装置の中には、生体内でのモニタリングを達成するために、例えばユーザの血管内または皮下組織内などのユーザの皮膚表面下に装置の少なくとも一部を位置付けるよう構成されているものもある。
こういった分析物モニタリング装置、システム、および方法の他、頻繁な分析物モニタリングを促して血糖コントロールを改善するために、費用効率が良く、利便性があり、さらに痛みを低減させて人体に配慮したモニタリングを可能にする分析物モニタリング装置およびシステムを製造するためのプロセスが、分析物モニタリング装置およびシステムの継続的な開発で必要である。
前述したことを考慮して、分析物センサに連結する電子機器を提供する装置、方法、およびシステムが、例えば、ブドウ糖などの分析物を連続してモニタリングするための例えば生体内ブドウ糖センサなどの電気化学センサとの電気的連結を提供する、特定用途向け集積回路（ＡＳＩＣ）構造を含んで提供される。
本開示のこれらおよび他の目的、特徴、および利点が、以下の実施形態の詳細な説明、添付の請求項、および添付の図面から、より十分に明らかになるであろう。
本開示を詳細に説明する前に、本開示は説明する特定の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、従って当然のことながら変化し得るものであることを理解されたい。さらに、本開示の範囲は添付の請求項によってのみ限定されることになるため、本書において使用される専門用語は、特定の実施形態を単に説明するためのものであって、限定することを意図したものではないことも理解されたい。
値の範囲が与えられる場合には、その範囲の上限および下限と、その規定された範囲内の任意の他の規定された値すなわち中間の値との間の、その間の値夫々が、文脈が明らかに他に指示していなければその下限の単位の１０分の１まで、本開示の範囲内に包含されることを理解されたい。これらのより小さい範囲における上限および下限は、規定された範囲において明確に除外された任意の制限の影響を受けて、この小さい範囲に個別に含まれ得、さらに本開示の範囲内に包含され得る。規定された範囲が境界の一方または両方を含む場合には、これらのいずれか一方または両方の含まれる境界を除外した範囲もまた本開示に含まれる。
他に定義されていなければ、本書で使用される全ての技術用語および科学用語は、本開示が属する技術の通常の当業者に通常理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。本書で開示されるものと類似または同等の任意の方法および材料を、本開示の実行またはテストで使用することもできるが、好適な方法および材料をここでは説明する。本書で述べる全ての刊行物は、その刊行物を引用した関連する方法および／または材料を開示および説明するために、参照することにより本書に組み込まれる。
本書および添付の請求項では、文脈が明らかに他に指示していなければ、単数形は複数の指示対象を含むことに留意されたい。
本書で論じる刊行物は、本出願の出願日以前の単にその開示のために提供される。事前開示により本開示がこの刊行物に先行する権限がないということを、認めるものとして解釈されるべきものは本書には存在しない。さらに、与えられる公開日は実際の公開日と異なる可能性があり、個別に確認を要するであろう。
本開示を読むと当業者には明らかであろうが、本書で説明および例示する個々の各実施形態は、本開示の範囲または精神から逸脱することなく他のいくつかの実施形態のいずれかの特徴と容易に分離または組合せさせ得る、別々の構成要素および特徴を有する。
本書で示した図面は必ずしも原寸に比例して描かれたものではなく、いくつかの構成要素および特徴は明瞭にするため誇張されている。
図１は、本開示の実施形態による例示的な生体内ベース分析物モニタリングシステム１００を示している。図示のように、特定の実施形態において分析物モニタリングシステム１００は、生体内分析物センサ１０１（その基端部が図１に示されている）に電気的に連結され、かつユーザの体の皮膚表面への付着部である接着層１４０に取り付けられた、オンボディ電子機器（on body electronics）１１０を含んでいる。オンボディ電子機器１１０は、内部区画を画成するオンボディ筐体１１９を含んでいる。さらに図１には、動作時に、分析物センサ１０１の一部を経皮的に位置付けて皮膚表面に貫通させかつＩＳＦに流体接触させ、さらにオンボディ電子機器１１０および接着層１４０を皮膚表面に位置付ける、挿入装置１５０が図示されている。特定の実施形態では、オンボディ電子機器１１０、分析物センサ１０１、および接着層１４０が使用前に挿入装置１５０の筐体内に封止され、さらに特定の実施形態では、接着層１４０が筐体内に封止され、あるいは接着層１４０自体が挿入装置１５０の末端封止を提供する。本書の実施形態で使用し得る装置、システム、および方法は、その各開示があらゆる目的のために参照することにより本書に組み込まれる、例えば、米国特許出願第１２／６９８，１２４号明細書、同第１２／６９８，１２９号明細書、および同第１２／８０７，２７８号明細書などに記載されている。
図１に戻って参照すると、分析物モニタリングシステム１００は表示装置１２０を含み、表示装置１２０は、ユーザに情報を出力するディスプレイ１２２と、表示装置１２０にデータまたはコマンドを入力するための、あるいはこれ以外に表示装置１２０の操作を制御するための、ボタン、アクチュエータ、タッチセンサ式スイッチ、容量性スイッチ、感圧スイッチ、またはジョグホイールなどの、入力部品１２１とを含む。
特定の実施形態において、表示装置１２０の入力部品１２１はマイクを含んでもよく、また表示装置１２０は、表示装置１２０の機能および操作をボイスコマンドで制御できるように、マイクから受信したオーディオ入力を分析するよう構成されたソフトウェアを含んでもよい。表示装置１２０はさらに、例えば遠隔端末（パソコン）１７０などの外部装置との有線データ通信用の、データ通信ポート１２３を含んでいる。表示装置１２０はさらに、生体外で血中ブドウ糖測定を行うための生体外ブドウ糖試験紙を受け入れる生体外試験紙ポート１２４を備えた、一体化された生体外ブドウ糖メータを含んでもよい。
さらに図１を参照すると、特定の実施形態のディスプレイ１２２は様々な情報を表示するように構成され、これらの情報のいくつかまたは全てを同時にまたは違った時に、ディスプレイ１２２上に表示することができる。ディスプレイ１２２は、限定するものではないが、グラフ表示１３８、数値表示１３２、傾向または方向の矢印表示１３１、データ表示１３５、時刻情報表示１３９、バッテリーレベル計表示１３３、センサ校正状態アイコン表示１３４、ミュートオン／オフアイコン表示１３６、および、オンボディ電子機器１１０、データ処理モジュール１６０、および／または遠隔端末１７０などの他の装置との無線通信の接続表示を提供する、無線接続状態アイコン表示１３７、を含み得る。図１にさらに示されているようにディスプレイ１２２は、メニューにアクセスするため、表示グラフの出力構成を変更するため、またはそれ以外に表示装置１２０の操作を制御するための、疑似的なタッチスクリーンボタン１２５、１２６をさらに含み得る。
さらなる詳細および他のディスプレイの実施形態は、その各開示があらゆる目的のために参照することにより本書に組み込まれる、例えば、米国特許出願第１２／８７１，９０１号明細書、および同第１２／８０７，２７８号明細書などで見出すことができる。
オンボディ電子機器１１０を皮膚表面上に位置付け、かつ生体内分析物センサ１０１のＩＳＦ（または他の適切な体液）との流体接触を確立した後、特定の実施形態のオンボディ電子機器１１０は、表示装置１２０からのコマンドまたは要求信号を受けると、分析物関連データ（例えば、モニタリングされた分析物レベルに対応するデータおよび／またはモニタリングされた温度データ、および／または保存されたこれまでの分析物関連データなど）を無線で伝えるように構成される。特定の実施形態においてオンボディ電子機器１１０からのデータは、無線自動識別（ＲＦＩＤ）システムで用いられるような近距離反射通信技術を用いて動作する無線リンクを介して、表示装置１２０または読み取り装置を用いて検索される。このシステムを用いると、特定の実施形態では、表示装置１２０をオンボディ電子機器１１０に近い範囲内に位置付けることによって、さらに随意的には入力部品１２１などのボタンを駆動してオンボディ電子機器１１０から表示装置１２０へのデータ転送を開始することによって、分析物センサ１０１からの分析物測定を得ることができる。
特定の実施形態において、ＲＦＩＤ通信は公称動作周波数１３．５６ＭＨｚで動作し、通常動作での最小アンテナ入力電圧は約２．５Ｖである。オンボディ電子機器１１０と表示装置１２０との間の伝送動作および受信動作でのデータ速度は、特定の実施形態において、約２０〜３０キロビット／秒、または約２２〜２８キロビット／秒、あるいは約２６．４８キロビット／秒（データビット）となり得る。
特定の実施形態においてオンボディ電子機器１１０は、表示装置１２０がオンボディ電子機器１１０からのデータ送信の通信範囲内であるときに、表示装置１２０が受信するモニタリングされた分析物レベルに関するリアルタイムデータを、少なくとも周期的に送信するように構成することができ、すなわちオンボディ電子機器１１０は、情報を送信するための表示装置１２０からのコマンドまたはリクエストを必要としない。
特定の実施形態において、オンボディ電子機器１１０から受信したデータは、表示装置１２０の１以上のメモリに（恒久的または一時的に）保存され得る。さらに図１を参照すると、分析物モニタリングシステム１００にはデータ処理モジュール１６０および遠隔端末１７０がさらに図示されている。遠隔端末１７０は、データの管理および分析や分析物モニタリングシステム１００内の構成要素との通信のためのソフトウェアを含んだ、パソコン、サーバ端末、ラップトップコンピュータ、または他の適切なデータ処理装置を含み得る。
データ処理モジュール１６０は、例えば限定するものではないが、赤外線（ＩＲ）プロトコル、Ｂｌｕｅｔｏｏｔｈ（登録商標）プロトコル、Ｚｉｇｂｅｅ（登録商標）プロトコル、および８０２．１１無線ＬＡＮプロトコルなどの、１以上の無線通信プロトコルを用いて通信するための構成要素を含み得る。Ｂｌｕｅｔｏｏｔｈプロトコルおよび／またはＺｉｇｂｅｅプロトコルに基づくものを含めた通信プロトコルのさらなる説明は、あらゆる目的のために参照することにより本書に組み込まれる、米国特許出願公開第２００６／０１９３３７５号明細書で見出すことができる。
さらなる態様では、データ処理モジュール１６０で実行するためのソフトウェアアルゴリズムを、ダウンロードした通信装置で実行するためのダウンロード可能なアプリケーションとして、例えばＷｉＦｉまたはインターネットの使用が可能な、スマートフォンまたは携帯情報端末（ＰＤＡ）を含めた携帯電話などの通信装置に提供してもよい。携帯用電子機器のソフトウェアのフィールドアップグレードの可能性とデータ処理に関するさらなる詳細な説明は、その各開示があらゆる目的のために参照することにより本書に組み込まれる、米国特許出願第１２／６９８，１２４号明細書、同第１２／７９４，７２１号明細書、同第１２／６９９，６５３号明細書、同第１２／６９９，８４４号明細書、および米国仮特許出願第６１／３５９，２６５号明細書、および同第６１／３２５，１５５号明細書で提供される。
図２は、本開示の特定の実施形態における分析物モニタリングシステムの分析物センサ電極に電気的に連結する、アナログフロントエンドアーキテクチャの実例である。図２を参照すると、作用電極Ｗ、参照電極Ｒ、および対極Ｃを含んでいる、分析物センサ２６０が図示されており、これらの電極夫々はアナログフロントエンド回路２００に動作的に連結されている。より具体的には、図２を参照すると、分析物センサ２６０の作用電極Ｗはトランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５の入力端子に電気的に連結され、参照電極Ｒはサーボアンプ２３５の入力端子に電気的に連結され、そして対極Ｃはサーボアンプ２３５の出力端子に連結されている。
図２に戻って参照すると、アナログフロントエンド回路２００には電池２０５（Ｖｂａｔ）で電力が与えられ、電池２０５は、電池２０５から受けた電圧を上げてブースト電圧Ｖｃｈｐをアナログフロントエンド回路２００の他の構成要素に提供するように構成された、チャージポンプ２１０に連結されている。例えば特定の実施形態において、電池２０５は１．５Ｖ電池であり、チャージポンプ２１０に連結されるとこれが３Ｖ（チャージポンプ２１０からの出力として）に押し上げられて、その後トランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５、サーボアンプ２３５、プリアンプ２２０、アナログデジタル変換器２２５、基準発生器２３０の他、増幅器２４０、２４５に提供される。この増幅器２４０、２４５は、非常に高い入力インピーダンス（例えば、１００ギガオーム）で構成され、以下でさらに詳細に論じるようなアナログフロントエンド回路の接続部の周りにガードトレースを提供する。
図２を再び参照すると、特定の実施形態のトランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５は、作用電極に、例えば限定するものではないがおよそ２Ｖ±５０μＶの一定電位／電圧を与え、また電流信号を、トランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５の出力からトランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５の一部である抵抗２５０を通して測定可能な電圧に変換する。さらに図２には、トランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５の出力の電圧信号に対して抵抗２５０と並列に連結されたコンデンサ２５５が示されている。トランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５の出力の電圧信号は、図２に示されているように随意的なプリアンプ２２０に提供される。このとき特定の実施形態のプリアンプ２２０は、受信した電圧信号をバッファリングしてアナログデジタル変換器２２５に提供し、その後アナログデジタル変換器２２５が、変換された信号をさらなる処理のためにオンボディ電子機器１１０（図１）で出力する。特定の実施形態において、プリアンプ２２０は高インピーダンス（例えば、１ギガオーム）を有し、これがプリアンプ２２０に入力するトランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５の出力の任意の信号変動を補償する。
さらに図２を参照すると、特定の実施形態において、基準発生器２３０はトランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５およびサーボアンプ２３５に連結され、このとき基準発生器２３０はトランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５およびサーボアンプ２３５に、２つの入力電圧（夫々、２Ｖ±５０μＶおよび１．９６Ｖ±２０μＶ）を提供する。従って、分析物センサ２６０の作用電極Ｗと参照電極Ｒとの間で４０ｍＶの差が維持される。より具体的には、特定の実施形態においてサーボアンプ２３５は、（トランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５が維持される）２Ｖを４０ｍＶ下回る１．９６Ｖ±２０μＶに制御され、この４０ｍＶの差は、作用電極Ｗと参照電極Ｒとの間で維持される、分析物センサ２６０に対するポイズ電圧（poise voltage）である。特定の実施形態では、分析物センサの電流は変動するため、分析物センサ２６０の作用電極Ｗと参照電極Ｒとの間で４０ｍＶの差を維持するようサーボアンプ２３５はその出力を変化させる。
再び図２を参照すると増幅器２４０および２４５がさらに示されており、この各増幅器は、チャージポンプ２１０からブースト電圧Ｖｃｈｐを受け、また特定の実施形態では、これらが電極接続間（例えば、参照電極／作用電極とガードトレース（作用電極および参照電極の接続部の周りに破線の円で表されている）との間）でゼロ電圧差を維持するよう、非常に正確なユニティゲインアンプまたはボルテージフォロワとして構成される。より具体的には、特定の実施形態における図２に示したガードトレースは、オンボディ電子機器１１０のアナログフロントエンド回路の高インピーダンス部分の回路接続全体を取り囲むように提供される。図２に示した上述のようなガードトレースがないと、回路接続部に任意の漏電が生じた場合に測定エラーが生じ、さらに参照電極の漏電の場合には、特定の実施形態において、銀／塩化銀（Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）が分解して分析物センサ２６０の性能を事実上低下させる。
図３は、本開示の特定の実施形態における分析物モニタリングシステムの分析物センサ電極に電気的に連結する、アナログフロントエンドアーキテクチャ３００の別の実例である。図２および３で説明される同様の構成要素には同様の符号を付し、図２での同様の構成要素の上記説明は、図３で提供される構成に適用可能である。図３を参照すると、電圧発生器２３０に動作的に連結された、電圧レギュレータ３１０が設けられている。特定の実施形態において電圧レギュレータ３１０は、チャージポンプ２１０からブースト電圧Ｖｃｈｐを受けるように構成され、かつ図３に示されているように、トランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５、サーボアンプ２３５の他２つのユニティゲインアンプ２４０、２４５を含む増幅器に提供される、出力電圧Ｖｈｖを提供する。特定の実施形態において、電圧レギュレータ３１０の出力電圧Ｖｈｖは２．８Ｖである。
図４は、本開示の特定の実施形態における分析物モニタリングシステムの分析物センサ電極に電気的に連結する、アナログフロントエンドアーキテクチャのさらに別の実例である。図２、３、および４で説明される同様の構成要素には同様の符号を付し、図２および３での同様の構成要素の上記説明は、図４で提供される構成に適用可能である。図４を参照すると、図３に示した構成と比較して、電池２０５から電池電圧Ｖｂａｔを受けかつ図３で説明した電圧レギュレータ３１０に動作的に連結されている、第２基準発生器４１０がさらに設けられている。
上述したように図２に示した構成は、トランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５の出力から随意的なプリアンプ２２０への直流電圧測定を提供し、その後アナログデジタル変換器２２５で処理される。図３に示した構成は、トランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５およびサーボアンプ２３５の他、アナログデジタル変換器２２５およびプリアンプ２２０への入力のように、高電圧レギュレータを用いて直流電圧測定を提供する。電圧レギュレータ３１０は、チャージポンプ電圧（Ｖｃｈｐ）を受けて調整電圧（Ｖｈｖ）を出力する。ただし、図３では電圧レギュレータ３１０からの調整電圧（Ｖｈｖ）出力は基準発生器２３０への入力として提供されず、むしろ電池２０５からのブースト電圧であるチャージポンプ電圧（Ｖｃｈｐ）が使用されている。図４を参照すると、アナログフロントエンド回路４００の構成は、電池２０５の電圧（Ｖｂａｔ）から駆動される、電圧レギュレータ３１０用の別の基準発生器４１０を含んでいる。
図５は、本開示の特定の実施形態における分析物モニタリングシステムの分析物センサ電極に電気的に連結する、アナログフロントエンドアーキテクチャのさらに別の実例である。図２および５で説明される同様の構成要素には同様の符号を付し、図２での同様の構成要素の上記説明は、図５で提供される構成に適用可能である。図５を参照すると、レベルシフトを含む差動増幅器５１０が設けられ、差動増幅器５１０は、トランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５の出力および分析物センサ２６０の作用電極Ｗと、アナログデジタル変換器２２５への入力との間に図５に示したように動作的に連結され、電圧がシフトダウンされた差動電圧測定を提供するように構成されている。
より具体的には、図５を参照すると特定の実施形態において、分析物センサ２６０の作用電極Ｗの電圧が差動増幅器５１０に入力し、かつトランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５の出力電圧が差動増幅器５１０に入力し、この２つの入力電圧間の差を取って、その後センサ電圧信号を２Ｖのコモンモード電圧（これは、トランスインピーダンスアンプ２１５の出力電圧である）から１．５Ｖ未満の電圧にレベルシフトダウンする。これにより分析物センサ２６０を、チャージポンプ２１０からの電圧（Ｖｃｈｐ）ではなく電池２０５の電圧（Ｖｂａｔ）で駆動することができ、アナログデジタル変換器２２５はチャージポンプ２１０からの電圧（Ｖｃｈｐ）ではなく電池２０５の電圧（Ｖｂａｔ）から操作し得るため、ノイズおよび出力消費の低減をもたらす。
図６は、本開示の特定の実施形態における分析物モニタリングシステムの分析物センサ電極に電気的に連結する、アナログフロントエンドアーキテクチャのさらなる実例である。図２および６で説明される同様の構成要素には同様の符号を付し、図２での同様の構成要素の上記説明は、図６で提供される構成に適用可能である。図６を参照すると、電流源６２０が、電池２０５からの電圧Ｖｂａｔで動作する基準発生器２３０に動作的に連結されており、また分析物センサ２６０の作用電極Ｗに動作的に連結された抵抗６１０でポイズ電圧４０ｍＶを与えて、分析物センサ２６０にバイアスをかける。
図６に示したように、抵抗６１０は分析物センサ２６０の作用電極Ｗと増幅器６３０への入力との間に連結されており、増幅器６３０は電界効果トランジスタ（ＦＥＴ）６４０とともに事実上電流シンクとして動作する。より具体的には、増幅器６３０の出力はＦＥＴ６４０のゲート端子に連結され、一方ＦＥＴ６４０のドレイン端子は分析物センサ２６０の対極Ｃに連結され、さらにＦＥＴ６４０のソース端子はプリアンプ２２０に連結される。このように特定の実施形態において、分析物センサ２６０からオンボディ電子機器１１０（図１）への信号経路は電池電圧（Ｖｂａｔ）で供給される。さらに図６に示した構成では、センサバイアス用の高精度部品を要することなく、電流消費を低減することができる。さらに図６に示したように、破線の円で表したガードトレースが、オンボディ電子機器１１０（図１）のアナログフロントエンド回路６００の電気的接続部の周りの漏電を保護する。
より具体的には、図６を参照すると、図示のように電池２０５の電圧（Ｖｂａｔ）が基準発生器２３０を駆動して電流源６２０で必要な電圧を提供し、センサにバイアスをかけるために４０ｍＶのポイズ電圧を生成する。電流が抵抗６１０を通って流れると、ポイズ電圧が生成される。上で論じたように、ＦＥＴ６４０および増幅器６３０がアナログフロントエンド回路６００に対して電流シンクを提供し、この電流シンクが例えば３Ｖのチャージポンプ電圧（Ｖｃｈｐ）を用いて、参照電極Ｒを（チャージポンプ電圧Ｖｃｈｐ、例えば３Ｖで維持された）作用電極の電圧よりも４０ｍＶ低い電圧で維持されるようにする。これは、ＦＥＴ６４０のゲート端子を増幅器６３０の出力で駆動することによって達成される。このセンサ電流は、このときＦＥＴ６４０を通って抵抗２５０へと流れ、プリアンプ２２０に入力し、その後アナログデジタル変換器２２５に入力する。
図６で説明したように、特定の実施形態では、センサ信号測定に使用される重要な構成要素を含めた全ての構成要素を、電池電圧（Ｖｂａｔ）で動作させる。電池電圧（Ｖｂａｔ）で動作することで、チャージポンプ電圧（Ｖｃｈｐ）で動作する構成に比べて、図６に示した構成ではノイズおよび電力消費を低減させることができる。さらに図６に示した構成では、アナログフロントエンド回路とアナログデジタル変換器２２５は同じ基準電位（すなわち、接地電位）を基準とし、これにより回路部品の校正およびアナログデジタル変換器の動作がより簡素化される。さらに図６に示した構成では、チャージポンプのノイズを効果的にフィルタすることができ、というのも対極Ｃから作用電極Ｗへのインピーダンスが非常に高いため、対極Ｃの接地コンデンサ２５５が非常に効果的にノイズをフィルタする。
図６をさらに参照すると、図２〜５で示した増幅器２４０、２４５に類似し、図６に示した各増幅器６４５、６５０、６５５は夫々、電極接続部間でゼロ電圧差を維持してアナログフロントエンド回路の接続部の周りにガードトレースを提供する（破線の円で表されている）。より具体的には、増幅器６４５および６５０をチャージポンプ２１０からブースト電圧（Ｖｃｈｐ）を受けるように構成し、一方増幅器６５５を電池２０５から電圧Ｖｂａｔを受けるように構成し、さらに特定の実施形態では各増幅器６４５、６５０、６５５を、非常に高入力インピーダンス（例えば１００ギガオーム）のユニティゲインアンプまたはボルテージフォロワとして構成する。
図７は、本開示の特定の実施形態における分析物モニタリングシステムの分析物センサ電極に電気的に連結する、アナログフロントエンドアーキテクチャ７００のさらに別の実例である。図２および７で説明される同様の構成要素には同様の符号を付し、図２での同様の構成要素の上記説明は、図７で提供される構成に適用可能である。図７を参照するとユニティゲインアンプ７１０が設けられており、その出力は分析物センサ２６０の作用電極Ｗに接続され、かつその入力は、電池２０５の電圧Ｖｂａｔで動作する基準発生器２３０に連結されている。特定の実施形態では、ユニティゲインアンプ７１０の一定の４０ｍＶのオフセット電圧が、センサ２６０にバイアスをかける制御されたオフセット電圧を提供する。さらに図７に破線の円で表されたガードトレースが示されているが、例えば図６に示した構成に比べると図示のように作用電極Ｗの周りのガードトレースは不要となり、ガードトレースの数を分析物センサ２６０の３電極夫々の周りの３つから、２つに実質上減少させる。より具体的には、図７から分かるように、特定の実施形態において非常に高入力インピーダンス（例えば１００ギガオーム）の増幅器７２０、７３０が、アナログフロントエンド回路接続部の周りにガードトレースを提供する。増幅器７２０はチャージポンプ２１０からブースト電圧Ｖｃｈｐを受け、一方増幅器７３０は電池２０５から電圧Ｖｂａｔを受け、さらに各増幅器７２０、７３０は特定の実施形態において、これらが電極接続部（例えば、参照電極Ｒおよび対極Ｃに対する接続部）の間のゼロ電圧差を維持するように、非常に正確なユニティゲインアンプまたはボルテージフォロワとして構成される。
説明したように、本開示の特定の実施形態によれば、分析物センサの電極に電気的に連結し、かつ検出されたセンサ信号をさらなる処理のために処理する、アナログフロントエンド回路構成が提供される。上述したように、特定の実施形態において特定用途向け集積回路は、分析物センサとインターフェースするために、そしてさらにフィルタリング、保存、および／または分析物モニタリングシステム１００の表示装置１２０（図１）などの遠隔地または遠隔装置への通信、のための、分析物センサから得られた信号の続く処理のために、アナログフロントエンド回路を組み込むよう設計される。
本開示の特定の実施形態は分析物モニタリング装置を含み、この分析物モニタリング装置は、複数のセンサ電極を有する分析物センサであって、この分析物センサの少なくとも一部が皮膚層下で間質液と流体接触する、分析物センサ、および、分析物センサのセンサ電極に連結されかつ分析物センサと信号通信する、センサエレクトロニクスであって、このセンサエレクトロニクスがアナログフロントエンド回路を含み、さらに、間質液でモニタリングされた分析物レベルに対応した分析物センサで生成された信号であってアナログフロントエンド回路で受信された信号を、処理するようプログラムされたまたはプログラム可能なロジックを含んだ、センサエレクトロニクス、を含み、センサエレクトロニクスのアナログフロントエンド回路が、センサエレクトロニクスの校正のためのシングルオフセットを含み、さらに、センサエレクトロニクスのアナログフロントエンド回路が、基準電位を基準としたものであることを特徴とする。
特定の態様において、センサエレクトロニクスのアナログフロントエンド回路が基準電位を基準とするよう、センサの作用電極と参照電極との間でアナログフロントエンド回路に一定電圧を供給してもよい。
特定の態様において、一定電圧は、分析物センサに関連したポイズ電圧を含み得る。
特定の態様において、一定電圧は４０ｍＶを含み得る。
特定の態様において、分析物センサおよびセンサエレクトロニクスは一体化筐体内に含まれ得る。
特定の態様において、一体化筐体は患者の皮膚表面上に装着されるように構成され得る。
特定の態様において、分析物センサは少なくとも７日間の間動作するように構成され得る。
特定の態様において、分析物センサは少なくとも１４日間の間動作するように構成され得る。
特定の態様において、センサエレクトロニクスは、処理された信号を遠隔装置に伝達するためのデータ通信要素を含み得る。
特定の態様において、データ通信要素は無線周波数（ＲＦ）データ通信要素を含み得る。
特定の実施形態は、データ通信要素に連結されたアンテナを備えている。
特定の態様において、アンテナはループアンテナを含み得る。
特定の実施形態は、分析物センサの複数のセンサ電極を取り囲む、ガードトレースをさらに含んでいる。
特定の実施形態は、センサエレクトロニクスのアナログフロントエンド回路と同じ基準電位を基準とした、アナログデジタル変換器を備えている。
本開示の特定の実施形態は、複数のセンサ電極を有する分析物センサの少なくとも一部を、皮膚層下の間質液に流体接触させて位置付けるステップ、分析物センサと信号通信するセンサエレクトロニクスであって、アナログフロントエンド回路を含んでいるセンサエレクトロニクスを、分析物センサのセンサ電極に連結するステップ、および、間質液でモニタリングされた分析物レベルに対応して分析物センサで生成された信号であってアナログフロントエンド回路で受信された信号を、センサエレクトロニクスを用いて処理するステップ、を含み、センサエレクトロニクスのアナログフロントエンド回路が、このセンサエレクトロニクスの校正のためのシングルオフセットを含み、さらに、センサエレクトロニクスのアナログフロントエンド回路が、基準電位を基準としたものであることを特徴とする方法を含む。
特定の態様において、センサエレクトロニクスのアナログフロントエンド回路が基準電位を基準とするよう、センサの作用電極と参照電極との間でアナログフロントエンド回路に一定電圧を供給してもよい。
特定の態様において、一定電圧は、分析物センサに関連したポイズ電圧を含み得る。
特定の態様において、一定電圧は４０ｍＶを含み得る。
特定の態様において、分析物センサおよびセンサエレクトロニクスは一体化筐体内に含まれ得る。
特定の態様において、一体化筐体は患者の皮膚表面上に装着されるように構成され得る。
特定の態様において、分析物センサは少なくとも７日間の間動作するように構成され得る。
特定の態様において、分析物センサは少なくとも１４日間の間動作するように構成され得る。
特定の態様において、センサエレクトロニクスは、処理された信号を遠隔装置に伝達するためのデータ通信要素を含み得る。
特定の態様において、データ通信要素は無線周波数（ＲＦ）データ通信要素を含み得る。
特定の実施形態は、アンテナをデータ通信要素に連結するステップを含む。
特定の態様において、アンテナはループアンテナを含み得る。
特定の実施形態は、分析物センサの複数のセンサ電極をガードトレースで取り囲むステップを含む。
特定の実施形態は、アナログフロントエンド回路と同じ基準電位を基準とした、アナログデジタル変換器を、センサエレクトロニクスのアナログフロントエンド回路に動作的に連結するステップを含む。
本開示の実施形態の構造および動作方法の種々の他の改変および変更が、本開示の範囲および精神から逸脱することなく当業者には明らかであろう。本開示を特定の実施形態に関連して説明してきたが、請求される本開示はこのような実施形態に過度に限定されるべきではないことを理解されたい。以下の請求項が本開示の範囲を画成すること、そしてこれらの請求項の範囲内の構造および方法さらにその同等物がこれに含まれることが意図されている。
１００ 分析物モニタリングシステム
１０１ 生体内分析物センサ
１１０ オンボディ電子機器
１１９ オンボディ筐体
１２０ 表示装置
１２２ ディスプレイ
１２３ データ通信ポート
１７０ 遠隔端末
２００、３００、４００、５００、６００、７００ アナログフロントエンド回路
２０５ 電池
２１０ チャージポンプ
２１５ トランスインピーダンスアンプ
２２０ プリアンプ
２２５ アナログデジタル変換器
２３０ 基準発生器
２３５ サーボアンプ
２５０、６１０ 抵抗
２６０ 分析物センサ
３１０ 電圧レギュレータ
４１０ 第２基準発生器
５１０ 差動増幅器
６２０ 電流源
６４０ 電界効果トランジスタ
１０１ 生体内分析物センサ
１１０ オンボディ電子機器
１１９ オンボディ筐体
１２０ 表示装置
１２２ ディスプレイ
１２３ データ通信ポート
１７０ 遠隔端末
２００、３００、４００、５００、６００、７００ アナログフロントエンド回路
２０５ 電池
２１０ チャージポンプ
２１５ トランスインピーダンスアンプ
２２０ プリアンプ
２２５ アナログデジタル変換器
２３０ 基準発生器
２３５ サーボアンプ
２５０、６１０ 抵抗
２６０ 分析物センサ
３１０ 電圧レギュレータ
４１０ 第２基準発生器
５１０ 差動増幅器
６２０ 電流源
６４０ 電界効果トランジスタ
Claims (15)
- 分析物モニタリング装置において、
作用電極、参照電極、および対極を含む複数のセンサ電極を有する分析物センサであって、該分析物センサの少なくとも一部が皮膚表面下の体液と流体接触し、前記複数のセンサ電極が、前記体液でモニタリングされた分析物レベルに対応した少なくとも１つの信号を生成する、分析物センサ、および、
前記分析物センサの前記センサ電極に連結されたオンボディ電子機器であって、前記対極からのアナログ電圧信号をデジタル形式に変換するように構成されたアナログデジタル変換器を含んだアナログフロントエンド回路を含む、オンボディ電子機器を有し、
前記アナログフロントエンド回路が、前記参照電極および該参照電極の周囲の第１のガードトレースに連結された第１の増幅器を含み、
前記アナログフロントエンド回路が、前記対極および該対極の周囲の第２のガードトレースに連結された第２の増幅器を含み、
前記第１の増幅器が前記第２の増幅器と異なるものであり、
前記アナログフロントエンド回路が、基準電位を基準としたものであり、
当該分析物モニタリング装置が、電力供給源に連結されたチャージポンプをさらに備え、該チャージポンプは、電力供給源電圧をブーストして押し上げるように構成されており、前記第１の増幅器は、前記チャージポンプからブースト電圧を受け取るように前記チャージポンプに連結されており、前記アナログデジタル変換器は、前記第１の増幅器が受け取る前記ブースト電圧とは異なる電圧を、前記電力供給源から受け取るように構成されている、
ことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記オンボディ電子機器の前記アナログフロントエンド回路が前記基準電位を基準とするよう、前記分析物センサの前記作用電極と前記参照電極との間で前記アナログフロントエンド回路に一定電圧を供給することを特徴とする請求項１記載の装置。
- 前記分析物センサおよび前記オンボディ電子機器が、一体化筐体内に含まれていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の装置。
- 前記一体化筐体が、患者の皮膚表面上に装着されるように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項３記載の装置。
- 前記分析物センサが、少なくとも１４日間の間動作するように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の装置。
- 前記オンボディ電子機器が、処理された前記信号を遠隔装置に伝達するためのデータ通信要素を含むことを特徴とする請求項１記載の装置。
- 前記データ通信要素が、無線周波数（ＲＦ）データ通信要素を含むことを特徴とする請求項６記載の装置。
- 前記データ通信要素に連結されたアンテナをさらに備えていることを特徴とする請求項６記載の装置。
- 前記アナログデジタル変換器が、前記オンボディ電子機器の前記アナログフロントエンド回路と同じ前記基準電位を基準としており、前記アナログフロントエンド回路が、前記オンボディ電子機器の校正のためのシングルオフセットを含むことを特徴とする請求項１記載の装置。
- アナログデジタル変換器を含んだアナログフロントエンド回路を含むオンボディ電子機器に連結され、少なくとも一部が皮膚表面下の体液に流体接触させて位置付けられた、作用電極、参照電極、および対極を含む複数のセンサ電極を有する分析物センサにより、前記体液でモニタリングされた分析物レベルに対応した少なくとも１つの信号を生成するステップ、および
前記アナログデジタル変換器により、前記対極からのアナログ電圧信号をデジタル形式に変換するステップ、
を含み、
前記オンボディ電子機器の前記アナログフロントエンド回路が、基準電位を基準としたものであり、
第１のガードトレースが前記参照電極の周囲にあり、かつ前記第２のガードトレースが前記対極の周囲にあり、
第１の増幅器が前記参照電極および前記第１のガードトレースに連結され、
第２の増幅器が前記対極および前記第２のガードトレースに連結され、前記第１の増幅器が前記第２の増幅器と異なるものであり、
前記第１の増幅器は、電力供給源電圧をブーストして押し上げるように構成されたチャージポンプからブースト電圧を受け取り、前記アナログデジタル変換器は、前記第１の増幅器が受け取る前記ブースト電圧とは異なる電圧を、電力供給源から受け取る、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記オンボディ電子機器の前記アナログフロントエンド回路が前記基準電位を基準とするよう、前記分析物センサの前記作用電極と前記参照電極との間に一定電圧を供給するステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項１０記載の方法。
- 前記一定電圧が４０ｍＶを含むことを特徴とする請求項１１記載の方法。
- 前記分析物センサが、少なくとも１４日間の間動作するように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１０記載の方法。
- 処理された前記信号を遠隔地に伝達するためのデータ通信要素を提供するステップと、アンテナを前記データ通信要素に連結するステップとをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項１０記載の方法。
- 前記アナログデジタル変換器が、前記アナログフロントエンド回路と同じ前記基準電位を基準としており、前記アナログフロントエンド回路が、前記オンボディ電子機器の校正のためのシングルオフセットを含むことを特徴とする請求項１０記載の方法。
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| EP3677182A1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
| WO2013070794A2 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
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