KR101798128B1 - 데이터 수집 시스템 - Google Patents

데이터 수집 시스템 Download PDF

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KR101798128B1
KR101798128B1 KR1020127021817A KR20127021817A KR101798128B1 KR 101798128 B1 KR101798128 B1 KR 101798128B1 KR 1020127021817 A KR1020127021817 A KR 1020127021817A KR 20127021817 A KR20127021817 A KR 20127021817A KR 101798128 B1 KR101798128 B1 KR 101798128B1
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electrode
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electronic circuit
data
air
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마크 츠데블릭
제임스 허치슨
로렌스 아르네
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프로테우스 디지털 헬스, 인코포레이티드
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Abstract

데이터를 수집하는 디바이스가 제1 및 제2 전극을 구비한다. 제1 전극은 관심 표면에 연결되고, 제2 전극은 "그 밖의 모든 것" 또는 "공기"에 연결된다. 제1 전극은 능동 드라이버에 의해 구동되는 실드에 의해 제2 전극으로부터 그리기생 커패시턴스의 대부분의 소스로부터 차폐되며, 이 능동 드라이버는 전극의 순간적인 전위를 추적하고 이상적으로는 이 순간적인 전위에 매칭하도록 실드를 구동한다. 제2 전극은 또한 기생 커패시턴스의 대부분의 소스로부터 이와 유사한 방식으로 차폐된다. 이 실드는 또한 전극들 중 어느 하나와 디바이스 전자회로로부터 RFI가 연결되는 크기를 제한하는 기능을 한다. 이런 방식으로 센싱 디바이스는 관심 주파수 대역에서 매우 우수한 신호 대 잡음 비를 달성한다.

Description

데이터 수집 시스템{DATA GATHERING SYSTEM}
관련 출원에 대한 상호 참조
본 출원은 2010년 2월 1일에 출원된 발명의 명칭이 "Two-wrist data-gathering system"인 미국 출원 번호 61/300,435호와, 2010년 8월 31일에 출원된 발명의 명칭이 "Data Gathering System"인 미국 출원 번호 61/378,878호에 대한 35 U.S.C.§119에 따른 우선권을 청구한다. 상기 문헌 각각은 그 전체 내용이 본 명세서에 참조 문헌으로 완전히 병합된다.
일부 전자기 통신, 예를 들어, EKG 신호, 컨덕턴스 통신, RF 신호 등은 불편하거나 난해한 데이터 수집 시스템에 의한 것을 제외하고는 검출하고 수집하기가 매우 매우 곤란하다. 일반적인 주변 상태는 EM 스펙트럼에서 어느 부분이든 조사되고 있는 부분에 잡음을 야기할 수 있다. 원하는 EM 신호의 소스(예를 들어, 생체 내 디바이스)는 생체 내에서 자연히 발생하는 신호에 의해 압도당하거나 거의 압도당할 수 있다. 데이터 수집 디바이스는 데이터 수집을 위해 신호 대 잡음 비를 더 저하시키는 신호를 방출할 수 있는 마이크로제어기 및 다른 전자회로를 더 포함할 수 있다.
아마도 더 민감하지만 또한 매우 중요한, 그러나 절대값이 작은, 기생 커패시턴스는 관심 주파수 대역에 있는 전자기 에너지를 내보낼 수 있다. 기생 커패시턴스의 소스는 센싱 전극 쌍의 상대적 위치, 접지면을 포함하는 회로 기판에 대해 임의의 단일 전극의 상대적인 위치, 및 배터리나 전력 셀과 같은 큰 금속성 또는 전도성 물체에 대해 임의의 단일 전극의 상대적 위치를 포함할 수 있다.
관심 신호를 송신할 수 있는 생체 내 디바이스의 일례는 발명의 명칭이 "Ingestible event marker systems"인 미국 특허 공개 번호 2010-0185055호, 발명의 명칭이 "Communication system with partial power source"인 미국 특허 공개 번호 20100081894호, 발명의 명칭이 "In-body device having a multi-directional transmitter"인 미국 특허 공개 번호 20100022836호, 발명의 명칭이 "multi-mode communication ingestible event markers and system, and methods of using same"인 미국 특허 공개 번호 20090256702호, 발명의 명칭이 "Transbody communication systems employing communications channels"인 미국 특허 공개 번호 20090135886, 및 발명의 명칭이 "In-body device with virtual dipole signal amplification"인 미국 특허 공개 번호 20090082645호, 발명의 명칭이 "Body-Associated Receiver and Method"인 미국 특허 공개 번호 20100312188호에 기술된 "IEM(ingestible event marker)"이며, 이들 문헌 각각은 본 명세서에 참조 문헌으로 병합된다.
이러한 IEM은 송신기를 부근 송신 매체에 연결시키는데 이용가능한 전력의 양 및 이용가능한 안테나의 사이즈가 극히 제한될 필요가 있다. 방출된 신호는 이에 따라 일반적인 주변 잡음 소스보다 훨씬 강하지 않다. 지금까지 이 IEM 신호를 검출하는데는 큰 접착제 밴드와 다르지 않는 형상 요소를 가지는 패치의 사용을 요구하였는데, 이 패치는 IEM이 신호를 방출할 때 IEM 부근에 있도록 대상의 복부에 적용된다. 이 패치는 잠재적인 단점을 가지고 있는데, 그 중에서 접착제 부착으로 인해 표피에 자극을 일으킬 위험, 이동의 자유에 대한 가능한 간섭, 및 아마도 일부 시선에 미적으로 불쾌한 외관을 가지고 있다.
시도될 수 있는 데이터 수집 시스템의 일례는 도 2에 도시된다. 이 시스템(201)에서, 목표는 (a) 대상의 조직과 같은 표면(102)과, (b) "공기" 또는 일반적인 주변 영역(조직과 검출 시스템 외 도 2에서 그 밖의 어디엔가 위치된 곳) 사이에 검출가능한 신호를 픽업하는 것이다. 신호의 픽업은 표면(102)에 연결된 전극(203)과, "공기"에 연결된 전극(204)에 의해 달성된다. 회로 기판(208)은 회로(207)를 지지하고, 배터리 또는 셀("배터리")(209)에 연결된다. 회로(207)는 전극(203, 204)에 연결된다. 희망은 전자회로(207) 내 차동 증폭기가 2개의 전극(203, 204) 각각을 그 입력으로 취하고 이에 의해 관심 신호를 검출할 수 있는 것이다. 시스템(201)은 (방금 기술된 접착제 패치와는 구별되는) 조직에 건식 연결될 수 있고, 그 상황에서 관심 신호를 성공적으로 검출하는 것이 가능한 것으로 밝혀진다면 복부가 아닌 다른 곳에, 예를 들어 팔찌 또는 손목 밴드에 편리하게 위치될 수 있다.
그러나, 실험에 따르면 관심 주파수(아마도 수십 킬로헤르쯔)에서, 이 디바이스(201)에 존재하는 기생 커패시턴스는 임의의 검출된 신호의 많은 부분의 손실을 야기할 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 기생 커패시턴스는 전극(204)과 회로 기판(208)의 접지면 사이, 전극(204)과 배터리(209) 사이, 전극(203)과 회로 기판(208)의 접지면 사이, 및 전극(203)과 배터리(209) 사이에 존재하는 것으로 편리하게 모델링될 수 있다. 일부 기생 커패시턴스는 전극(203)과 전극(204) 사이에서 또한 발생한다.
실험에 따르면 또한 RFI(무선 주파수 간섭)가 전자회로(207)에 의해 방출될 수 있고 전극(203, 204)에 의해 픽업될 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 디바이스(201)의 바람직하게는 작은 형상 요소는 RFI를 위한 연결 경로들 중 일부를 제한하는 시도를 하는데 사용될 수 있는 전통적인 페라이트 초크 등의 사용을 제거할 수 있다. 작은 형상 요소는 또한 매우 작은 물리적 거리를 두고 전극과 FRI 소스를 병렬 배치한다.
RFI를 감소시키려는 시도를 하는데 사용되는 하나의 접근법은 종종 RFI의 소스를 "밀봉(can)"하는 것이다. 디바이스(201)에서 이것은 적절히 선택된 금속이나 합금의 금속 덮개(shroud)를 회로(207) 주위에 두는 것에 의해 수행될 수 있다. 이 접근법이 사실 RFI를 감소시킬 수 있으나, 이것은 전극들(203, 204) 사이에 여전히 더 큰 기생 커패시턴스를 야기하는 단점을 가지고 있다.
종래 기술의 접근법보다 생체에 보다 일관적으로 허용할 수 있는 방식으로 이 희미한 전기 신호를 신뢰성있게 검출하는 방법이 발견될 수 있다면 매우 바람직할 것이다. 이 방법이 발견될 수 있다면, 이 방법은 표피에 자극을 덜 줄 수 있을 것이고, 이동의 자유를 덜 간섭하거나 전혀 간섭하지 않을 것이고, 일부 시선에 미적으로 즐거움을 더 줄 수 있을 것이다.
데이터를 수집하는 디바이스는 제1 및 제2 전극을 구비한다. 제1 전극은 관심 표면에 연결되고, 제2 전극은 "그 밖의 모든 것" 또는 "공기"에 연결된다. 제1 전극은 능동 드라이버에 의해 구동되는 실드(shield)에 의해 제2 전극으로부터 및 기생 커패시턴스의 대부분의 소스로부터 차폐되며, 능동 드라이버는 전극의 순간 전위를 추적하고 이상적으로 이 순간 전위에 매칭하도록 실드를 구동한다. 제2 전극은 또한 이와 유사한 방식으로 기생 커패시턴스의 대부분의 소스로부터 차폐된다. 이들 실드는 전극들 중 어느 하나에 디바이스 전자회로로부터 RFI가 연결되는 크기를 제한하는 역할을 한다. 이런 방식으로 센싱 디바이스는 관심 주파수 대역에서 매우 우수한 신호 대 잡음비를 달성한다.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 센싱 디바이스의 단면도;
도 2는 종래 기술에 따른 가능한 센싱 디바이스의 단면도;
도 3은 도 1의 센싱 디바이스의 기능 블록도.
또한 본 발명의 회로(107)의 예시적인 측면의 개략도가 첨부된다.
도 1을 참조하면, 본 발명에 따른 센싱 디바이스(101)의 단면도가 도시되어 있다. 센싱 디바이스는 제1 및 제2 전극(103, 104)을 구비한다. 제1 전극(103)은 생체(live subject)의 조직일 수 있는 관심 표면(102)에 연결되고, 제2 전극(104)은 "그 밖의 모든 것" 또는 "공기"에 연결된다. 비록 이것이 주로 의미의 문제이긴 하지만, 이 제2 전극(104)은 "접지" 또는 "공간 접지"에 연결되는 전극이라는 것을 특징으로 하도록 선택할 수 있다.
제1 전극(103)은 능동 드라이버(도 1에서는 명료함을 위해 생략됨)에 의해 구동되는 실드(105)에 의해 제2 전극(104)으로부터 및 기생 커패시턴스의 대부분의 소스로부터 차폐되며, 이 능동 드라이버는 전극(103)의 순간 전위를 추적하고 이상적으로는 이 순간 전위에 매칭하도록 실드(105)를 구동한다. 제2 전극(104)은 마찬가지로 이와 유사한 방식으로 실드(106)에 의해 기생 커패시턴스의 대부분의 소스로부터 차폐된다. 이들 실드(105, 106)는 마찬가지로 전극(103, 104)들 어느 하나에 디바이스 전자회로(107)로부터 RFI가 연결되는 크기를 제한하는 기능을 한다. 이런 방식으로 센싱 디바이스(101)는 종래 기술의 센싱 디바이스에 비해 관심 주파수 대역에서 매우 우수한 신호 대 잡음 비를 달성한다.
실드(105, 106)의 차폐 효과가 없다면, 전극(103, 104)은 배터리(109)에, 회로 기판(108) 내 접지면에 그리고 서로 기생적으로 용량성 연결(capacitive coupling)될 수 있다.
도 3은 도 1의 센싱 디바이스(101)의 기능 블록도를 도시한다. 전극/실드 조립체(104/106)는 회로 기판(108)에 커넥터(301)를 통해 플러그된다. 전극/실드 조립체(103/105)는 회로 기판(108)에 커넥터(302)를 통해 플러그된다. 전극(104)에서 검출된 신호는 실드(106)를 구동하는 증폭기(304)에서 증폭된다. 전극(103)에서 검출된 신호는 실드(105)를 구동하는 증폭기(306)에서 증폭된다. 전극(104)에서 검출된 신호는 또한 증폭기(303)에서 증폭되어 2개의 입력 중 하나를 차동 증폭기(307)에 제공한다. 그 결과 신호(2개의 전극에서의 순간 전위 사이의 차)는 대역 통과 필터(308)에 의해 필터링되고, 아날로그-디지털 컨버터(309)에 의해 디지털 신호로 변환될 수 있다.
증폭기(304)는 관심 주파수 대역에서 및 바람직하게는 일부 더 높은 주파수에서 실드(106)를 구동하는데 충분한 주파수 응답을 가지도록 선택될 필요가 있다는 것이 이해될 수 있을 것이다. 증폭기(304)는 또한 그 물리적 사이즈와 임피던스를 고려하여 실드(106) 안으로 및 실드(106) 밖으로 충분한 전하를 펌핑할만큼 충분한 전력을 가지도록 선택될 필요가 있다. 이는 또한 각 실드(105)에 대해 증폭기(306)에 대해서도 동일하게 적용될 수 있다.
예시적인 측면에서, 관심 주파수 대역은 54킬로헤르쯔 플러스 또는 마이너스 5킬로헤르쯔이다. 따라서, 대역 통과 필터(308)는 이 대역을 통과시키도록 선택된다. 그러나, 메가헤르쯔 또는 이보다 더 높은 신호를 방출하는 일부 IEM이 발생될 수 있는 것으로 생각되고, 이 경우에 데이터 수집 디바이스(101)는 이 주파수 대역에서 그 기능을 바람직하게 수행할 수 있다. 다른 디바이스(101)는 약 20킬로헤르쯔의 주파수 대역을 사용할 수 있다.
증폭기(303, 305, 307)와 필터(308) 및 A/D 컨버터(309) 각각은 관심 주파수 대역에 대해 충분한 주파수 응답을 할 필요가 있다는 것이 이해될 수 있을 것이다. 나아가, 도 3의 회로가 비록 개별 연산 증폭기(303, 304, 305, 306, 307)와 이산 부품 능동 필터(308)와 같은 이산 부품들을 가지는 것으로 도시되어 있으나, 본 발명의 이점은 본 발명을 어떤 방법으로든 벗어남이 없이 도 3에 도시된 부품들 중 일부나 대부분 대신에 충분한 주파수 응답을 하는 디지털 신호 프로세서로 대체하는 것에 의해서도 얻어질 수 있다는 것이 더 이해될 수 있을 것이다.
본 개념 증명 측면에서 마이크로제어기(도 3에서 명료함을 위해 생략됨)는 마이크로제어기(또는 마이크로제어기에 부착된 메모리)에 데이터로 저장된 신호를 수신하고, 이 데이터는 디바이스(101) 외부로, 예를 들어 수신된 신호의 분석을 위해 적절한 소프트웨어를 실행하는 범용 컴퓨터로 전달될 수 있다. 회로(107)는 작은 "버튼"셀 또는 배터리에 의해 전력을 공급받는다. 데이터를 무선으로 예를 들어 블루투스를 통해 디바이스(101) 외부 장비에 전달하는 다른 접근법이 있을 수 있다. 이 장비는 블루투스를 통해 데이터를 수신하고 이 데이터를 GPRS를 통해 또는 다른 이동 전화 데이터 프로토콜을 통해 원격 호스트로 더 전달하는데 적절한 애플리케이션을 실행하는 스마트 모바일 폰일 수 있다.
본 개념 증명 측면에서 디바이스(101)는 3㎠인 평평한 정사각형 디바이스이다. 이것은 디바이스(101)에 전력을 공급하는데 사용되는 버튼 셀보다 단지 약간만 더 큰 착용가능한 손목 시계 형상 요소를 제공할 수 있다.
바람직한 결과는 손목과 같은 단일 말단 지점으로부터 관심 신호를 픽업하는 것이다. 연결은 신체에 용량성 연결을 통해 또는 일부 경우에 신체에 전기 전도성 연결을 통해 비점착성 건식 전극(non-sticky dry electrode)에 의하여 이루어질 수 있다. 유저의 관점으로부터 이것은 허리나 가슴 주위에 탄성 벨트이거나 또는 탄성 손목 밴드이거나 또는 목걸이 형상 요소일 수 있다.
전극(103)은 금 또는 백금 또는 스테인레스 스틸일 수 있다.
드라이버(304, 306)에 의해 구동되는 실드(105, 106)로 달성되는 능동 차폐는 디바이스(101)로 하여금 패치의 종래 기술의 접착제 밴드 유형보다 IEM으로부터 더 멀어지게 함에도 불구하고 및 비점착성임에도 불구하고 IEM 신호와 같은 신호를 픽업할 수 있게 한다. 이것은 디바이스의 시스템과 IEM이 유저에게 더 허용가능하게 한다.
추가 실드가 예를 들어 회로 보드(108) 내 접지면에 연결되거나 또는 예를 들어 배터리에 의해 한정된 레일 사이에 정의된 전위에 연결되어 회로(107) 주위에 배치될 수 있다.
디바이스(101)는 쌍으로 사용될 수 있고 각 디바이스는 신체 다른 곳에 접촉할 수 있다는 것이 이해될 수 있을 것이다. 2개의 디바이스(101)는 "공간 접지"와 각각 연결되고, 이에 따라 전극(104)을 통해 서로 어느 정도 연결된다. 쌍을 이루는 디바이스는 다소 "쌍극자"(dipole) 수신기 배열로 신체로부터 데이터를 수집할 수 있다.
이 기술 분야에 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 본 발명을 어떤 방식으로든 벗어남이 없이 본 명세서에 개시된 측면들에 대해 다수의 명백한 변형과 개선을 어려움 없이 고안할 수 있을 것이므로, 이들 명백한 변형과 개선들은 전부 이하 청구범위에 의해 포함되는 것으로 의도된다.

Claims (15)

  1. 데이터를 수집하는 장치에 있어서,
    비점착성을 특징으로 하고, 공기가 위에 있는 표면과 용량성 또는 전기 전도성 연결(capacitive or electrically conductive coupling)하기 위해 배치된 제1 전극;
    비점착성을 특징으로 하고, 상기 공기와 용량성 또는 전기 전동성 연결하기 위해 배치된 제2 전극; 및
    상기 제1 및 제2 전극 사이에 배치된 전자 회로를 포함하되,
    상기 제1 전극은 상기 제1 전극과 상기 전자 회로 사이에 위치된 제1 실드(shield)에 의해 차폐되고,
    상기 제2 전극은 상기 제2 전극과 상기 전자 회로 사이에 위치된 제2 실드에 의하여 차폐되며,
    상기 전자 회로는 상기 제1 전극에 존재하는 신호를 입력으로 수신하는 제1 드라이버를 구비하고, 상기 제1 드라이버는 상기 제1 전극의 제1 실드와 연결된 출력을 구비하며,
    상기 전자 회로는 상기 제2 전극에 존재하는 신호를 입력으로 수신하는 제2 드라이버를 구비하고, 상기 제2 드라이버는 상기 제2 전극의 제2 실드와 연결된 출력을 구비하며,
    상기 전자 회로는 상기 제1 및 제2 입력을 구비하는 차동 증폭기를 더 구비하고, 상기 제1 및 제2 입력은 상기 제1 및 제2 증폭기들의 출력에 각각 연결되며,
    상기 차동 증폭기는 출력을 구비하고,
    상기 전자 회로는 상기 차동 증폭기의 출력을 나타내는 데이터를 상기 장치 외부 장비에 전달하는 수단을 더 포함하며, 및
    상기 전자 회로를 둘러싸는 제3 실드를 더 포함하고, 상기 제3 실드는 상기 제1 실드 및 제2 실드 사이에 배치되고, 상기 제3 실드는 상기 제1 실드로부터 전기적으로 절연되고, 상기 제3 실드는 상기 제2 실드로부터 전기적으로 절연된,
    데이터 수집 장치.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 차동 증폭기의 출력을 나타내는 데이터를 상기 장치 외부 장비에 전달하는 수단은 직렬 데이터 경로를 제공하는 커넥터를 포함하는 것인 데이터 수집 장치.
  3. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 차동 증폭기의 출력을 나타내는 데이터를 상기 장치 외부 장비에 전달하는 수단은 블루투스 링크를 포함하는 것인 데이터 수집 장치.
  4. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 차동 증폭기의 출력은 54킬로헤르쯔를 포함하는 대역으로 대역통과 필터링되는 것인 데이터 수집 장치.
  5. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 장치의 외부로부터 전력을 공급받지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 데이터 수집 장치.
  6. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제2 전극의 공기와의 연결은 끼어드는 전도성 또는 절연성 물질이 없는 것을 특징으로 하는 데이터 수집 장치.
  7. 제6항에 있어서, 상기 제2 전극과 공기 사이에 어떤 것도 위치하지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 데이터 수집 장치.
  8. 신호를 검출하는데 사용하는 방법으로서,
    비점착성을 특징으로 하며, 공기가 위에 있는 표면과 용량성 또는 전기 전도성 연결된 제1 전극을 제공하는 단계;
    비점착성을 특징으로 하며, 상기 공기와 용량성 연결된 제2 전극을 제공하는 단계;
    상기 제1 전극 및 상기 제2 전극 사이에 전자 회로를 제공하는 단계;
    상기 제1 전극과 상기 전자 회로 사이에 제1 실드를 제공하는 단계;
    상기 제2 전극과 상기 전자 회로 사이에 제2 실드를 제공하는 단계;
    상기 전기 회로를 사용하여, 상기 제1 전극에 존재하는 신호를 따르도록 상기 제1 실드를 구동하는 단계;
    상기 전기 회로를 사용하여, 상기 제2 전극에 존재하는 신호를 따르도록 제2 실드를 구동하는 단계;
    상기 전기 회로를 사용하여, 상기 제1 전극에 존재하는 신호와 상기 제2 전극에 존재하는 사이의 차이를 유도하는 단계;
    상기 차이를 나타내는 데이터를 장치 외부의 장비에 전달하는 단계를 포함하며, 및
    상기 전자 회로를 둘러싸는 제3 실드를 더 제공하되, 상기 제3 실드는 상기 제1 실드 및 제2 실드 사이에 배치되고, 상기 제3 실드는 상기 제1 실드로부터 전기적으로 절연되고, 상기 제3 실드는 상기 제2 실드로부터 전기적으로 절연된, 단계를 포함하는,
    신호를 검출하는데 사용하는 방법.
  9. 제8항에 있어서, 상기 차이를 나타내는 데이터를 상기 장치 외부의 장비에 전달하는 단계는 직렬 데이터 경로를 제공하는 커넥터를 통해 직렬 데이터를 전달하는 단계를 포함하는, 신호를 검출하는데 사용하는 방법.
  10. 제8항에 있어서, 상기 차이를 나타내는 데이터를 상기 장치 외부의 장비에 전달하는 단계는 블루투스 링크를 통해 데이터를 전달하는 단계를 포함하는, 신호를 검출하는데 사용하는 방법.
  11. 제8항에 있어서, 상기 표면은 피부인, 신호를 검출하는데 사용하는 방법.
  12. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 피부는 손목에 위치하는, 신호를 검출하는데 사용하는 방법.
  13. 제8항에 있어서, 유도된 차이를 54킬로헤르쯔를 포함하는 대역으로 필터링하는 단계를 추가적으로 포함하고, 장치 외부의 장비로 전달되는 데이터는 필터링된 유도된 차이를 나타내는, 신호를 검출하는데 사용하는 방법.
  14. 제8항에 있어서, 상기 제2 전극의 공기와의 연결은 끼어드는 전도성 또는 절연성 물질이 없는, 신호를 검출하는데 사용하는 방법.
  15. 제14항에 있어서, 상기 제2 전극과 공기 사이에 어떤 것도 위치하지 않는, 신호를 검출하는데 사용하는 방법.
KR1020127021817A 2010-02-01 2011-01-28 데이터 수집 시스템 KR101798128B1 (ko)

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