JP6177735B2 - 細胞傷害活性抗lag−3モノクローナル抗体および臓器移植拒絶および自己免疫疾患の治療または予防における該抗体の使用方法 - Google Patents
細胞傷害活性抗lag−3モノクローナル抗体および臓器移植拒絶および自己免疫疾患の治療または予防における該抗体の使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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Description
性抗LAG−3モノクローナル抗体またはその断片を投与することからなる。
(最大の死 − 自発的な死)
サンプルの死は、各条件における7−AAD陽性細胞の割合である。自発的な死は、モノクローナル抗体がない場合の7−AAD陽性細胞の割合である。最大の死は、10μg/mlモノクローナル抗体を用いた場合の7−AAD陽性細胞の割合である。
/ml、SBA社)と4℃で30分間インキュベートした。洗浄後、細胞をFACSCanto(BD Biosciences社)を使用して、フローサイトメトリーにより分析し、蛍光強度の測定値を抗体濃度の関数としてプロットした。
(最大の死 − 自発的な死)
サンプルの死は、各条件における7−AAD陽性細胞の割合である。自発的な死は、抗体がない場合の7−AAD陽性細胞の割合である。最大の死は、1μg IMP731を用いた場合の7−AAD陽性細胞の割合である。
g/mlのIMP731またはhIgG1とインキュベートした。その後、エフェクター細胞と標的細胞を図示したE:T比(E:T、エフェクタ:標的)で混合し、37℃で16時間インキュベートした。細胞を、7−AADで染色し、その直後にフローサイトメトリーにより分析してCFSE陽性集団中の7−AAD陽性細胞の割合を決定した。データは、死細胞の割合を表す。
日から平均27日に延長した。
反応性の高い系統であり、H−2b(例えばC57BL/6マウス)が最も反応しない系
統であった。しかしながら、いくつかの研究によると、CIAに対する反応性は以前に考えられていた程にはMHCクラスIIによっては制限されない可能性があり、免疫条件によるのと同じ程度である可能性があることが示された(13)。異なる種由来の種々のII型コラーゲン(CII)と、種々の濃度のヒト結核菌を含む完全フロイントアジュバント(CFA)準備は、関節炎発達の重要なパラメータであった。イングリス(Inglis)らは、ウシではなくニワトリのCIIがC57BL/6マウスで疾患を誘発できると共に、発生率が50%から75%であることを証明した。これは、ウシ、マウスおよびニワトリのCIIのすべてが疾患を誘発し、発生率が80%から100%であるDBA/1マウスとは対照的である。関節炎の発現型は、C57BL/6マウスではDBA/1マウスより穏やかであり、膨潤が少なく臨床スコアが徐々に増大した(14)。さらに、関節炎の発生率が雌マウスより雄マウスの方が幾分高いので、CIA研究には雄マウスが好まれることが多い。
本発明の細胞傷害活性抗LAG−3モノクローナル抗体またはその断片は、強いCDCまたはADCC特性を与えるマウスIgG2aまたはヒトIgG1 Fc領域を備えた抗体を含む。
(i)0.1μg/ml未満のモノクローナル抗体濃度で最大CDC活性の50%を超える活性、または
(ii)0.1μg/ml未満のモノクローナル抗体濃度で最大ADCC活性の50%を超える活性
のうちの少なくとも一方を示す。
31G11と称される本発明の第2のモノクローナル抗体は、アクセス番号CNCM1−3756の下CNCMに2007年4月27日に寄託されたハイブリドーマによって生産される。
本発明の医薬組成物は、単一用量で30〜300mgの上述の細胞傷害活性モノクローナル抗体と、哺乳動物への投与用の1または複数の医薬として許容される担体および/または希釈剤とを含む。本発明の医薬組成物は、固体か液体の形式で投与用に特に調剤されてもよい。
材料および方法
動物と移植
MHC領域全体がそれぞれ異なる、8−12週例の雄Lewis.1W(LEW.1W(ハプロタイプRT1U))およびLewis.1A(LEW.1A(ハプロタイプRT
1a))の同属ラット(Centre d’Elevage Janvier、Le G
enest−Isle、フランス)。LEW.1Wの異所的心臓移植を、以前に記述されている(11)ように行った。移植生存率を腹壁を介した触診により評価した。
ラットLAG−3タンパク質のエキストラループ領域に対応する合成ペプチド(NCBIアクセッション番号 DQ438937;ペプチドDQPASIPALDLLQGMPSTRRHPPHR)をオボアルブミンに結合し、2羽のウサギの免疫に使用した。免疫前血清と、4回目の免疫後63日目に採取した免疫血清とを、免疫原およびペプチドに対するELISAにより、およびCon−A活性化ラット脾臓細胞に対するフローサイトメトリーにより分析した。
補体媒介性の抗体依存性細胞傷害活性を、Lewis 1AラットT細胞に対するウサギ血清を使用して51Cr放出アッセイで試験した。合計2×106のLewis 1A
T細胞を、10%FCSを含むRPMI(GIBCO)溶液中で、30μCiの51Crで37℃、90分標識した。3回洗浄した後、T細胞を96 V字底プレートに分配し、ウサギ補体および熱で不活性化させたウサギ血清の系列希釈とインキュベートした。37℃で4時間後、シンチレーション計数器を使用して、51Crの放出を上澄みで測定した。細胞傷害活性比を以下の式に従って計算した:
(実験による放出 − 自発的放出) ×100/(最大放出 − 自発的放出)。
LAG−3+細胞に対する抗LAG−3抗体の細胞傷害活性を、インビボで評価した。ConA活性化(48時間)LEW.1W脾細胞をCFSEで標識し、抗LAG−3抗体と共に、放射線照射した(4.5Gy、−3日)LEW.1Aレシピエントへ移した(108細胞)。1日目に、レシピエントを屠殺し、リンパ器官中および血液中のCFSE陽
性細胞の存在をフローサイトメトリーにより評価した。
移植片サンプルを、Tissue Tek(OCT化合物、Torrance、アメリカ合衆国カリフォルニア)に埋設し、液体窒素で瞬間凍結し、5μm切片に切断し、アセトンで固定した。Dakoビオチンブロックシステム(Dako、Trappes、フランス)を使用して内因性ビオチン活性をブロックした。その後、切片を3段階の間接的免疫ペルオキシダーゼ顕色により標識した。各免疫ペルオキシダーゼ標識組織切片の細胞浸潤領域を、定量的形態測定分析により決定した。
[グリッドの目の下にある陽性細胞の数/(グリッドの目の合計数=121)×100]。
破断した心臓を、37℃で10分、コラゲナーゼD(2mg/ml、Boehringer Mannheim)で消化した。その後、細胞をステンレス鋼メッシュに通過させて抽出により収集した。得られた懸濁液をフィコール分離により清澄化した。
リアルタイム定量的PCRを、SYBR Green Core Reagents(Applied Biosystems、カリフォルニア州フォスターシティ所在)を用いてApplied Biosystems GenAmp 7700 Sequence Detection Systemで行った。本研究には以下のオリゴヌクレオチドを使用した:
ラットLAG−3:
上流プライマー 5’−ATATGAATTCACAGAGGAGATGAGGCAG−3’
下流プライマー 5’−ATATGAATTCTCCTGGTCAGAGCTGCCT−3’
ラットINF−g:
上流プライマー 5’−TGGATGCTATGGAAGGAAAGA−3’
下流プライマー 5’−GATTCTGGTGACAGCTGGTG−3’
ラットHPRT:
上流プライマー 5’−CCTTGGTCAAGCAGTACAGCC−3’
下流プライマー 5’−TTCGCTGATGACACAAACATGA−3’。
;0.625 AmpliTaq Gold DNAポリメラーゼ)に入れて増幅した。混合物は40サイクル増幅させた。リアルタイムPCRのデータを、ΔRn蛍光シグナル
対サイクル数としてプロットした。ΔRn値は、以下の式を使用してApplied B
iosystems 7700配列検出ソフトウェアにより計算した:ΔRn=(Rn +
)−(Rn −)、式中、Rn +は所定時間の生成物の蛍光シグナルであり、Rn −はサイクル3−13の間の平均蛍光シグナルで、ベースラインと呼ばれる。Ct値はΔRnが閾値を超えたときのサイクル数として定義される。閾値は、陽性反応の増幅曲線の指数関数部分と交差するようバックグラウンド蛍光を超えるよう設定される。CtはPCR内のテンプ
レートのlog量に反比例する。
統計学的有意差を、2群比較のためのaa Mann−Whitneyアッセイを使用して評価した。移植片の生存率はlog rankアッセイを用いたKaplan−Meier分析により評価した。
拒絶された同種移植片およびリンパ器官でのLAG−3 mRNAの発現
LAG−3は、炎症を起こしたリンパ器官および組織中の活性化T細胞により発現される(7)。LAG−3が拒絶された同種移植片でも発現されているかどうかを確認するために、LEW.1WからLEW IW.1Aラットレシピエントへの心臓移植片を5日目(6日目に拒絶が生じている)に分析した。LAG−3の伝令RNAを分析し、寛容誘導剤(抗CD28抗体+CSA、文献(16)に記載)を受けた同種移植片(アログラフト)および同系移植片(アイソグラフト)と比較した。拒絶された同種移植片は、寛容移植片および同系移植片と比較してそれぞれ7倍および25倍のLAG−3 mRNA蓄積を示した(図1A)。このような蓄積は、拒絶レシピエントのリンパ節(図1B)または脾臓(図1C)では検知されなかった。
抗LAG−3抗体を、クラスIIとのLAG−3の相互作用に関連する(PNAS Huard 1997を参照)LAG−3 Ig様 N末端領域のエキストラループ由来の合成ペプチドで免疫することにより、ウサギで生産した。免疫後血清は、IgG分画と同様に、ラット脾臓細胞の1%未満を染色し、40%のラット脾臓細胞をConA、PMA+イオノマイシン、またはPHAで48時間活性化させた。免疫前血清は陰性であった(データは図示しない)。LAG−3+細胞に対する抗LAG−3抗体の作用を特徴付けるために、補体およびADCC依存性細胞傷害活性をインビトロで分析した。15%のConA活性化脾臓細胞が補体依存性細胞傷害活性分析で溶解された(図2)。ConA活性化標的細胞の40%しかLAG−3を発現していないことを考えると、この分析により、調製物中のLAG−3+脾臓細胞の約37%が補体活性化の結果、インビトロで溶解されたことが明らかとなった。
かった(図3)。
予備的薬物動態学的観察から、発明者らは0日目と3日目に600μlの抗LAG−3ウサギ血清を2回静脈注射したところ、少なくとも2週間、レシピエントの血清中で抗LAG−3の結合活性が維持された。この処理は、心臓の同種移植の拒絶反応を、未処理レシピエントおよび対照処理レシピエントの6日から、平均27日へと遅延させた。しかしながら、レシピエントはすべて、最終的には10週以内に移植片を拒絶した(図4)。5日目に、対照処理レシピエントの移植片は活性化T細胞により重度に浸潤されていたが、この浸潤は抗LAG−3処理レシピエントではそれほど重要ではなかった。しかしながら、CD25+細胞およびNK細胞による浸潤はこの処理によっては変化しなかった。発明者らの抗LAG−3抗体は免疫組織化学ではLAG−3を認識しないため、移植浸潤細胞(GIC)によるLAG−3発現を、摘出後にフローサイトメトリーにより分析した。対照拒絶移植片から平均8.5 106±0.76個のGICを回収できた。抗LAG−3
処理レシピエントの心臓同種移植からは、3.16±0.44 106 GICしか回収
できなかった(n=3、p<0.005)。GICは、対照では41.17±1%のLAG−3+細胞(すなわち3.5 106細胞)を含むのに対し、処理動物では22.2±
0.9%のLAG−3+細胞(つまり0.7 106細胞、n=3、p<0.0005、
図5)しか含んでいなかった。mRNA転写物の分析により、発明者らは処理移植片では4倍より少ないINFγ mRNA分子を測定したため、単核細胞により心臓移植片の浸潤が減少されるという上記知見が補強された。
進行中の急性同種移植拒絶の治療剤として機能するか否かを調べるために、発明者らはLEW.1Wの心臓を、治療せずに3日または4日間維持しておいたLEW.1A同種レシピエントに移植した。その時、レシピエントは、600mlの対照または抗LAG−3ウサギ血清の注射を受けた。対照処理レシピエントは5日目に同種移植片を拒絶したが、抗LAG−3抗体処理レシピエントは11日目になって拒絶した(表1)。
材料および方法
マウスを、hLAG−3トランスフェクトCHO細胞(107個の細胞、復腔内注射)
で3回免疫し、10μg IMP321(臨床グレードのhLAG−3Ig組換えタンパク質)でブースト静脈注射した。ブーストの3日後、脾臓細胞をX63.AG8653融合パートナーと融合し、ハイブリドーマ細胞を産出した。ハイブリドーマからの上澄みを、hLAG−3トランスフェクトCHO対野生型CHO細胞に対するその特異的結合についてスクリーニングした(FACS分析)。
Fc領域が異種細胞(つまりCHO細胞またはヒトPBMC)でもCDC(補体依存性細胞傷害活性)およびADCC(抗体依存性細胞性細胞傷害活性)という活性を伝達するのにマウスでは最も効率的であることが公知であることに鑑みてCDCおよびADCCを介してLAG−3+細胞を欠乏させるその能力を特徴付けた。
最初に、A9H12の用量依存的結合を、hLAG−3トランスフェクトCHO細胞に対する、およびLAG−3+インビトロ 17B4活性化ヒトT細胞に対する参照LAG−3特異的17B4モノクローナル抗体と比較した(図6)。A9H12は、いずれの細胞型に対する参照17B4モノクローナル抗体よりも大きな結合を示した。例えば、活性化ヒトT細胞へのA9H12の有意な結合が、0.01μg/mlという低い濃度で観察された。
で標識した。A9H12の存在下で、PBMCはLAG−3+CHO細胞の有意な割合を死滅させることができ、この作用はエフェクター細胞数と共に増大した(図8A)。17B4が存在すると、E:T比が高くても低い割合の標的細胞しか死滅しなかったが(図8A)、これはすべてのLAG−3モノクローナル抗体がこのバイオアッセイで細胞傷害活性を引き起こすとは限らない可能性を示している。低濃度の抗体でADCCを誘導する抗体の効力を決定するために、A9H12 LAG−3モノクローナル抗体の力価を測定した。A9H12は、0.01μg/mlという低い濃度で効率的にLAG−3+CHO細胞死を誘発した(図8B)。
材料および方法
動物と材料
8−10週齢の雄DBA/1(H−2q)マウスをJanvier研究所から得た。動
物実験は当局のガイドラインに従って行なった。ウシCII(関節軟骨)をBioColから購入した。不完全フロイントアジュバントはシグマから提供されたものである。加熱殺菌した結核菌H37RaをDifco研究所から購入した。
2つの刊行物(13,15)に以前に記載されている通りに、CIAの誘発および評価を行なった。完全フロイントアジュバントを、13.3ml IFAに100mgの加熱殺菌結核菌(最終濃度7.5mg/ml)を混合することにより調製した。ウシCIIを、10mM酢酸中に3mg/mlとなるように4℃で一晩溶解させた。2体積のCIIを1体積のCFAと混合することにより、エマルジョンを形成した。CII溶液と、CFAのエマルジョンは、常に新しく調製した。雄DBA/1マウスに、200μgのCIIと250μgの結核菌を含む合計100μlのエマルジョンを、尾の基部に1日目(D1)に皮内注射した。係る注射を21日目(D21)に繰り返した。対照として、3匹のマウスにCIIを含まないCFAのエマルジョンを注射した。
22日目から、一週間に3回、関節炎の徴候についてマウスを試験した。疾患の重度を各肢について以下のスコアシステムで決定した:
スコア0=正常、
スコア1=足蹠または関節の腫れ、
スコア2=足蹠の腫れと、1または2箇所の関節の腫れ
スコア3=足蹠の腫れと、3または4箇所の関節の腫れ
スコア4=足蹠の腫れと、すべての関節の腫れ。
CIAが、250μgの結核菌を含むCFAで乳化されたウシII型コラーゲン(CII)の皮内注射により引き起こされた。1回の注射後、22匹のマウスのうち4匹のマウスが21日目に関節炎になった。2回目の注射の2週間後、35日目には、80−90%のマウスが関節炎の臨床症状を呈した(図9)。マウスは、1から16までの全範囲の応答を包含する臨床スコアを示し、いくつかの肢では足蹠、足首/手首の関節ならびに指が重度に腫れていた(表2)対照動物(CIIを含まないCFAを注射)はいずれも関節炎の症状を呈しなかった(データは示さない)。
材料および方法
欠乏特性を有する新規なマウスモノクローナル抗体A9H12は、ヒヒおよびマカクザルのLAG−3+細胞をも高い親和力で認識することが示されており、発明者らのリード治療用モノクローナル抗体として選択した(Immu.Tu.ne IMP731)。
AG−3+標的細胞を死滅させる能力について、CDCおよびADCC実験で試験した。
最初に、IMP731の用量依存的結合を、hLAG−3トランスフェクトCHO細胞(図13A)に対して、およびLAG−3+インビトロ活性化ヒトT細胞(図13B)に対して評価した。IMP731は、活性化T細胞の対して0.01μg/mlという低濃度でいずれの細胞のタイプに対しても有意な結合を示した。
5C)。
参考文献
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Claims (8)
- LAG−3タンパク質に結合する分子であって、
前記分子は、末梢血リンパ球数の変化により測定されるLAG−3+活性化T細胞の欠乏を引き起こす細胞傷害活性抗LAG−3モノクローナル抗体または該抗体の断片であり、前記抗体またはその断片は、ヒトIgG1またはマウスIgG2aのサブクラスのFc断片と、LAG−3タンパク質に結合するFab断片とを有し、
前記抗体またはその断片は補体依存性細胞傷害活性(CDC)および抗体依存性細胞傷害活性(ADCC)のうちの少なくとも一方を示す、分子。 - インビトロのCDC試験における測定にて、LAG−3+活性化T細胞の30%よりも多くの欠乏を引き起こす、請求項1に記載の細胞傷害活性抗LAG−3モノクローナル抗体またはその断片。
- インビトロのCDC試験における測定にて、LAG−3+活性化T細胞の50%よりも多くの欠乏を引き起こす、請求項1に記載の細胞傷害活性抗LAG−3モノクローナル抗体またはその断片。
- (i)標的細胞としてのLAG−3+CHO細胞と、活性補体を含むウサギ血清とともに、37℃で1時間インキュベートされるCDC試験において、0.1μg/ml未満のモノクローナル抗体濃度で、最大CDC活性の50%を超える活性を示し、または
(ii)エフェクター細胞としてのIL−2刺激PMBCと、標的細胞としてのLAG−3+CHO細胞とを含むADCC試験において、0.1μg/ml未満のモノクローナル抗体濃度で最大ADCC活性の50%を超える活性を示す、
請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の細胞傷害活性抗LAG−3モノクローナル抗体またはその断片。 - 臓器移植拒絶を治療もしくは予防するかまたは自己免疫疾患を治療するための、医薬の製造のための請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の細胞傷害活性抗LAG−3モノクローナル抗体またはその断片の使用。
- 前記自己免疫疾患は、T細胞媒介性自己免疫疾患である、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 前記自己免疫疾患は、全身性紅斑性狼瘡、慢性関節リウマチ、および多発性硬化症から選択される、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 単一用量で30〜300mgの請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の細胞傷害活性抗LAG−3モノクローナル抗体と、
哺乳動物への投与用の医薬として許容される担体および希釈剤の少なくとも一方と、
を含有する医薬組成物。
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JP2017048235A (ja) * | 2007-04-30 | 2017-03-09 | イミュテップImmutep | 細胞傷害活性抗lag−3モノクローナル抗体および臓器移植拒絶および自己免疫疾患の治療または予防における該抗体の使用方法 |
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CN101720227A (zh) | 2010-06-02 |
CA2685584C (en) | 2018-07-24 |
CN101720227B (zh) | 2022-10-18 |
JP2014231515A (ja) | 2014-12-11 |
JP5936818B2 (ja) | 2016-06-22 |
EP1987839A1 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
CA2685584A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
US20100233183A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
EP3202418A1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
WO2008132601A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
EP2142210B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
EP3202418C0 (en) | 2023-08-23 |
ES2602581T3 (es) | 2017-02-21 |
JP2010526052A (ja) | 2010-07-29 |
JP2017048235A (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
EP2142210A1 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
ES2959413T3 (es) | 2024-02-26 |
EP3202418B1 (en) | 2023-08-23 |
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