JP4851442B2 - 導電性有機ポリマーと複数のナノ粒子との水性分散物を含む組成物 - Google Patents
導電性有機ポリマーと複数のナノ粒子との水性分散物を含む組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4851442B2 JP4851442B2 JP2007504026A JP2007504026A JP4851442B2 JP 4851442 B2 JP4851442 B2 JP 4851442B2 JP 2007504026 A JP2007504026 A JP 2007504026A JP 2007504026 A JP2007504026 A JP 2007504026A JP 4851442 B2 JP4851442 B2 JP 4851442B2
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/127—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising five-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polypyrroles, polythiophenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/128—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising six-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polyanilines, polyphenylenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/48—Conductive polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/60—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
本件出願は2003年9月24日出願の米国特許出願第10/669,422号明細書の一部継続出願である2003年9月25日出願の米国特許出願第10/670,670号明細書の一部継続出願であり、2002年9月24日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/413,114号の優先権を主張するものである。
陽極/バッファー層/EL材料/陰極
nは0〜4の整数であり、そして
Rは、各出現で同じまたは異なるものであるように独立して選択され、アルキル、アルケニル、アルコキシ、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、アルカノイル、アルキルチオ、アリールオキシ、アルキルチオアルキル、アルキルアリール、アリールアルキル、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、アリール、アルキルスルフィニル、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルスルホニル、アリールチオ、アリールスルフィニル、アルコキシカルボニル、アリールスルホニル、カルボン酸、ハロゲン、シアノ、または1つまたは複数のスルホン酸、カルボン酸、ハロ、ニトロ、シアノもしくはエポキシ部分で置換されたアルキルから選択され、あるいは任意の2つのR基は一緒になって、その環が場合により1つまたは複数の二価の窒素、硫黄もしくは酸素原子を含んでもよい3、4、5、6、もしくは7員環の芳香族もしくは脂環式環を完成するアルキレンもしくはアルケニレン鎖を形成してもよい。
R1は、各出現で同じまたは異なるものであるように独立して選択され、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アルコキシ、アルカノイル、アルキルチオ、アリールオキシ、アルキルチオアルキル、アルキルアリール、アリールアルキル、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、アリール、アルキルスルフィニル、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルスルホニル、アリールチオ、アリールスルフィニル、アルコキシカルボニル、アリールスルホニル、アクリル酸、リン酸、ホスホン酸、ハロゲン、ニトロ、シアノ、ヒドロキシル、エポキシ、シラン、シロキサン、アルコール、アミドスルホネート、ベンジル、カルボキシレート、エーテル、エーテルカルボキシレート、エーテルスルホネート、スルホネート、スルホネート、およびウレタンから選択され、あるいは両R1基は一緒になって、その環が場合により1つまたは複数の二価の窒素、硫黄もしくは酸素原子を含んでもよい3、4、5、6、もしくは7−員環の芳香族もしくは脂環式環を完成するアルキレンもしくはアルケニレン鎖を形成してもよく、そして
nは少なくとも約4である。
nは少なくとも約4であり、
R1は、各出現で同じまたは異なるものであるように独立して選択され、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アルコキシ、アルカノイル、アルキルチオ、アリールオキシ、アルキルチオアルキル、アルキルアリール、アリールアルキル、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、アリール、アルキルスルフィニル、アルコキシアルキル、アルキルスルホニル、アリールチオ、アリールスルフィニル、アルコキシカルボニル、アリールスルホニル、アクリル酸、リン酸、ホスホン酸、ハロゲン、ニトロ、シアノ、ヒドロキシル、エポキシ、シラン、シロキサン、アルコール、アミドスルホネート、ベンジル、カルボキシレート、エーテル、エーテルカルボキシレート、エーテルスルホネート、スルホネート、スルホネート、およびウレタンから選択され、あるいは両R1基は一緒になって、その環が場合により1つまたは複数の二価の窒素、硫黄もしくは酸素原子を含んでもよい3、4、5、6、もしくは7員環の芳香族もしくは脂環式環を完成するアルキレンもしくはアルケニレン鎖を形成してもよく、そして
R2は各出現で同じまたは異なるものであるように独立して選択され、水素、アルキル、アルケニル、アリール、アルカノイル、アルキルチオアルキル、アルキルアリール、アリールアルキル、アミノ、エポキシ、シラン、シロキサン、アルコール、アミドスルホネート、ベンジル、カルボキシレート、エーテル、エーテルカルボキシレート、エーテルスルホネート、スルホネート、およびウレタンから選択される。
「アルコール」 −R3−OH
「アミドスルホネート」 −R3−C(O)N(R6)R4−SO3Z
「ベンジル」 −CH2−C6H5
「カルボキシレート」 −R3−C(O)O−Z
「エーテル」 −R3−O−R5
「エーテルカルボキシレート」 −R3−O−R4−C(O)O−Z
「エーテルスルホネート」 −R3−SO3Z
「スルホネート」 −R3−O−R4−SO3Z
「ウレタン」 −R3−O−C(O)−N(R6)2
ここで、すべての「R」基は各出現で同じまたは異なるものであり、そして
R3は単結合またはアルキレン基であり、
R4はアルキレン基であり、
R5はアルキル基であり、
R6は水素またはアルキル基であり、
Zは水素、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、N(R5)4またはR5である。
上の基のいかなるものもさらに非置換または置換であってもよく、いかなる基も、パーフッ素化基をはじめとする、Fが1つまたは複数の水素に置換されていてもよい。
−(O−CF2CFRf)a−O−CF2CFR’fSO3X
で表される側鎖とが含まれる。
式中、RfおよびR’fは独立してF、Clまたは1〜10個の炭素原子を有するパーフッ素化アルキル基から選択され、a=0、1または2であり、XはH、Li、Na、KまたはN(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4)であり、そしてR1、R2、R3、およびR4は同じまたは異なるものであり、一実施形態ではH、CH3またはC2H5である。別の実施形態では、XはHである。上に述べられたように、Xはまた多価であってもよい。
−O−CF2CF(CF3)−O−CF2CF2SO3X
(ここで、Xは上に定義されたようなものである)
で表される側鎖とを含む。このタイプのFSAポリマーは米国特許公報(特許文献6)に開示されており、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)とパーフッ素化ビニルエーテルCF2=CF−O−CF2CF(CF3)−O−CF2CF2SO2F、パーフルオロ(3,6−ジオキサ−4−メチル−7−オクテンスルホニルフルオリド)(PDMOF)との共重合、引き続くスルホニルフルオリド基の加水分解によるスルホネート基への変換およびそれらを所望のイオン形へ変換するために必要ならばイオン交換によって製造することができる。米国特許公報(特許文献4)および米国特許公報(特許文献5)に開示されているタイプのポリマーの例は、側鎖−O−CF2CF2SO3X(式中、Xは上に定義されたようなものである)を有する。このポリマーは、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)とパーフッ素化ビニルエーテルCF2=CF−O−CF2CF2SO2F、パーフルオロ(3−オキサ−4−ペンテンスルホニルフルオリド)(POPF)との共重合、引き続く加水分解および必要ならばさらなるイオン交換によって製造することができる。
本比較例は、PAni/PAAMPSAの製造とその導電率および緩衝層としての発光デバイス特性とを例示する。
本実施例は、シリカ・ナノ粒子入りの水性PAni/PAAMPSA分散物の製造と緩衝層としてのその導電率および発光特性とを例示する。
本実施例は、コロイド状シリカ入りの水性PAni/PAAMPSA分散物の製造と緩衝層としてのその導電率および発光特性とを例示する。
本実施例は、半導電性酸化物入りの水性PAni/PAAMPSA分散物の製造と緩衝層としてのその導電率および発光特性とを例示する。
本実施例は、SiO2ナノ粒子の存在下でのPAni/PAAMPSAの水性分散物の製造と緩衝層としてのその導電率および発光特性とを例示する。
本実施例は、市販の水性PEDT分散物から製造された固体フィルムの有機溶剤中での完全性を実証する。
本実施例は、PAni/PAAMPSAの水性分散物から製造された固体フィルムの有機溶剤中での完全性を実証する。
本実施例は、ポリアニリン/ポリマー酸またはポリ(ジオキシエチレンチオフェン)/ポリマー酸と高導電性ナノ粒子とを含有する水性分散物の製造を例示する。
本実施例は、超音波処理によるナフィオン(登録商標)とバイトロン−P(登録商標)AI4083とのブレンド化、および高いpHを達成するためのイオン交換樹脂処理を例示する。
本実施例は、微小流動化によるナフィオン(登録商標)とバイトロン−P(登録商標)AI4083とのブレンド化、および高いpHを達成するためのイオン交換樹脂処理を例示する。
本比較例は、ナフィオン(登録商標)のようなコロイド形成ポリマー酸の包含なしのバイトロン−P(登録商標)AI4083(ロット#CHDSPS0006、固形分:1.48%、pH=1.8)のデバイス性能へのpHの影響を実証する。
本実施例は、異なる濃度およびpHでのナフィオン(登録商標)とバイトロン−P(登録商標)とのブレンドの形成、ならびにデバイス性能への影響を例示する。
本実施例は、超音波処理によるナフィオン(登録商標)とポリアニリンとのブレンド化、および高いpHを達成するためのイオン交換樹脂処理を例示する。
本実施例は、超音波処理によるナフィオン(登録商標)とバイトロン−P(登録商標)CH8000とのブレンド化、および高いpHを達成するためのイオン交換樹脂処理ならびに改善されたデバイス性能を例示する。
本実施例は、超音波処理によるより高い百分率のナフィオン(登録商標)とバイトロン−P(登録商標)CH8000とのブレンド化、乾燥した固形分の水への再分散性、および高いpHを達成するためのイオン交換樹脂処理ならびに改善されたデバイス性能を例示する。
なお、本発明の好ましい態様としては以下のものを挙げることができる。
1.ポリマー酸でドープした導電性有機ポリマーと複数のナノ粒子との水性分散物を含むことを特徴とする組成物。
2.前記導電性有機ポリマーがポリアニリン、ポリチオフェン、ポリピロール、およびそれらの組合せから選択されることを特徴とする1に記載の組成物。
3.pHが1〜8に調整されることを特徴とする1に記載の組成物。
4.前記ナノ粒子が無機ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする1に記載の組成物。
5.前記無機ナノ粒子がシリカ、アルミナ、半導性無機酸化物粒子、絶縁性無機酸化物粒子、圧電性酸化物ナノ粒子、焦電性酸化物ナノ粒子、強誘電性酸化物ナノ粒子、光導電性酸化物ナノ粒子、導電性金属酸化物、導電性金属ナノワイヤー、および導電性金属ナノ粒子から選択されることを特徴とする4に記載の組成物。
6.前記ナノ粒子が有機ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする1に記載の組成物。
7.前記有機ナノ粒子がコロイド形成ポリマー酸、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノ粒子、グラファイト化カーボンナノ粒子、グラファイト化カーボンナノファイバー、圧電性ポリマー、焦電性ポリマー、強誘電性ポリマー、および光導電性ポリマーから選択されることを特徴とする6に記載の組成物。
8.前記コロイド形成ポリマー酸がパーフルオロエチレンスルホン酸であることを特徴とする7に記載の組成物。
9.前記ナノ粒子が約500nm未満の粒度を有することを特徴とする1に記載の組成物。
10.前記ナノ粒子が約250nm未満の粒度を有することを特徴とする1に記載の組成物。
11.前記ナノ粒子が約50nm未満の粒度を有することを特徴とする1に記載の組成物。
12.シリカ:導電性ポリマーの重量比が約4:1であることを特徴とする5に記載の組成物。
13.ナノ粒子が半導電性酸化物であり、かつ、半導電性酸化物対導電性ポリマーの重量比が約1.5対1であることを特徴とする5に記載の組成物。
14.導電性ポリマーと複数のナノ粒子とを含むことを特徴とするバッファー層。
15.前記導電性ポリマーがポリアニリン、ポリチオフェン、ポリピロール、およびそれらの組合せから選択されることを特徴とする14に記載のバッファー層。
16.前記導電性ポリマーがPAni/PAAMPSA、PAni/PSSA、PEDT/PSSA、PEDT/PAAMPSA、PPy/PSSA、およびPPy/PAAMPSAから選択されることを特徴とする15に記載のバッファー層。
17.前記ナノ粒子が無機ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする14に記載のバッファー層。
18.前記無機ナノ粒子がシリカ、アルミナ、および半導電性金属酸化物から選択されることを特徴とする14に記載のバッファー層。
19.前記ナノ粒子が有機ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする14に記載のバッファー層。
20.前記有機ナノ粒子がコロイド形成ポリマースルホン酸、コロイド形成ポリマーアクリル酸、コロイド形成ポリマーホスホン酸、およびコロイド形成ポリマーリン酸から選択されることを特徴とする14に記載のバッファー層。
21.前記有機ナノ粒子がパーフルオロエチレンスルホン酸を含むことを特徴とする14に記載のバッファー層。
22.ポリ(3,4−チレンジオキシチオフェン)およびポリマーパーフルオロエチレンスルホン酸を含む水性分散物から製造されたバッファー層であって、水性分散物が2より大きいpHおよび0.1より大きいポリマーパーフルオロエチレンスルホン酸対ポリ(3,4−チレンジオキシチオフェン)の当量比を有することを特徴とするバッファー層。
23.約1×10−3S/cm未満の導電率を有することを特徴とする14に記載のバッファー層。
24.約1×10−5S/cm未満の導電率を有することを特徴とする14に記載のバッファー層。
25.導電性ポリマーと複数のナノ粒子とを含むバッファー層を含むことを特徴とする有機電子デバイス。
26.前記導電性ポリマーがポリアニリン、ポリチオフェン、ポリピロール、およびそれらの組合せから選択されることを特徴とする25に記載のデバイス。
27.前記導電性ポリマーがPAni/PAAMPSA、PAni/PSSA、PEDT/PAAMPSA、PEDT/PSS、PPy/PSSA、およびPPy/PAAMPSAから選択されることを特徴とする26に記載のデバイス。
28.前記ナノ粒子が無機ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする25に記載のデバイス。
29.前記無機ナノ粒子がシリカ、アルミナ、または半導電性金属酸化物から選択されることを特徴とする25に記載のデバイス。
30.前記ナノ粒子が有機ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする25に記載のデバイス。
31.前記有機ナノ粒子がコロイド形成ポリマー酸から選択されることを特徴とする25に記載のデバイス。
32.前記バッファー層が約1×10−3S/cm未満の導電率を有することを特徴とする25に記載のデバイス。
33.導電性ポリマーと複数のナノ粒子とを含むことを特徴とする薄膜電界効果トランジスタ電極。
34.前記導電性ポリマーがポリアニリン、ポリチオフェン、ポリピロール、およびそれらの組合せから選択されることを特徴とする33に記載の薄膜電界効果トランジスタ電極。
35.前記ナノ粒子が無機ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする33に記載の薄膜電界効果トランジスタ電極。
36.前記無機ナノ粒子が金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする33に記載の薄膜電界効果トランジスタ電極。
37.前記金属ナノ粒子がモリブデン−ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする33に記載の薄膜電界効果トランジスタ電極。
38.前記ナノ粒子が有機ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする33に記載の薄膜電界効果トランジスタ電極。
39.前記有機ナノ粒子がカーボンナノチューブ、グラファイト化カーボン粒子、およびグラファイト化カーボンナノファイバーから選択されることを特徴とする33に記載の薄膜電界効果トランジスタ電極。
40.33に記載の電極を含むことを特徴とする薄膜電界効果トランジスタ。
41.約10S/cmより大きい導電率を有することを特徴とする40に記載の薄膜電界効果トランジスタ。
42.水性分散物から基材上に付着された導電性ポリマーフィルムの導電率を約1×10−3S/cm未満の値に下げるための方法であって、前記水性溶液に複数のナノ粒子を添加する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。
43.光導電セル、フォトレジスター、光スイッチ、フォトトランジスタ、光電管、IR検出器、光起電装置、記憶装置用の太陽電池コーティング材、電界効果抵抗デバイス、帯電防止フィルム、バイオセンサー、エレクトロクロミック素子、固体電解質コンデンサ、エネルギー蓄積装置、および電磁遮蔽材から選択されることを特徴とする25に記載の電子デバイス。
Claims (1)
- 導電性有機ポリマーと複数のナノ粒子との水性分散物を含むことを特徴とする組成物であって、
前記導電性有機ポリマーは、ポリアニリンと対イオンとしてのポリ(2−アクリルアミド−2−メチル−1−プロパンスルホン酸(PAni/PAAMPSA)、およびポリ(エチレンジオキシチオフェン)と対イオンとしてポリ(スルホン酸)(PEDT/PSS)から選択され、
前記ナノ粒子が、パーフルオロエチレンスルホン酸ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする組成物。
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US20080135809A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
JP2007531802A (ja) | 2007-11-08 |
EP1726051B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
EP2216838A3 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
CN1934725A (zh) | 2007-03-21 |
JP2011193002A (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
KR101210217B1 (ko) | 2012-12-07 |
WO2005093872A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
EP2216838A2 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
TW200539195A (en) | 2005-12-01 |
US8338512B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
US20040206942A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
US7317047B2 (en) | 2008-01-08 |
EP1726051A1 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
KR20070004857A (ko) | 2007-01-09 |
CN1934725B (zh) | 2013-03-06 |
DE602005025318D1 (de) | 2011-01-27 |
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