JP2021038396A - ポリ乳酸ポリマーとポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーと可塑剤とを含む組成物及びフィルム - Google Patents
ポリ乳酸ポリマーとポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーと可塑剤とを含む組成物及びフィルム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021038396A JP2021038396A JP2020180984A JP2020180984A JP2021038396A JP 2021038396 A JP2021038396 A JP 2021038396A JP 2020180984 A JP2020180984 A JP 2020180984A JP 2020180984 A JP2020180984 A JP 2020180984A JP 2021038396 A JP2021038396 A JP 2021038396A
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- polymer
- polyvinyl acetate
- plasticizer
- composition
- film
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Images
Classifications
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L31/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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Abstract
Description
一実施形態では、半結晶性ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、少なくとも25℃のガラス転移温度(Tg)を有するポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーと、可塑剤と、場合により含まれる非結晶性ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、を含む組成物が記載される。
本明細書に記載の組成物は、ポリ乳酸(「PLA」)ポリマーを含む。乳酸は、コーンスターチ又は甘蔗糖の細菌発酵によって得られる再生可能原料であり、よって天然の、又は言い換えれば「バイオマス」材料と考えられる。乳酸は、以下に示す、L−乳酸((S)−乳酸としても知られる)及びD−乳酸((R)−乳酸としても知られる)の2種類の光学異性体を有する:
(I)
(式中、
Rは独立して、同じであっても又は異なっていてもよいアルキル基であり、
R’はH又は(C1〜C10)アシル基である)。
(式中、R1はH又はメチルであり、R8は、1〜22個の炭素を有するアルキル、又は2〜20個の炭素及び酸素若しくは硫黄から選択される1〜6個のヘテロ原子を有するヘテロアルキルである)。アルキル基又はヘテロアルキル基は、直鎖状、分枝状、環状、又はこれらの組み合わせであり得る。
PLAであるIngeo4032D(「4032」)及びIngeo4060D(「4060」)は、Natureworks,LLCから購入した。ポリ酢酸ビニル「PVAc」は、Wackerから「Vinnapas(商標)UW4FS」という商品名で入手した。Ecopromote核剤は、Nissan Chemical Industrials(日本)から入手した。
DSM Xplore(商標)15cm3二軸小型混練機において、100RPM、200℃で10分間、PLA、PVAc、可塑剤及び核剤を混合し、次に混合チャンバーの弁を開けてサンプルを回収することにより、サンプルを調製した。混練したサンプルを80℃での老化試験及びDSC特性評価に供し、引張試験用に溶融プレスしてフィルムにした。
混練したサンプル(0.2グラム)をシンチレーションバイアルに入れて密閉し、老化試験中に可塑剤が蒸発するのを防ぎ、80℃のオーブン中で24時間老化させた。次いで、80℃で老化させた後、可塑剤移行があるかどうかを確かめるためにサンプル表面を検査した。表面が濡れている又は油っぽいサンプルは不合格とみなし、表面が乾いているサンプルは合格とみなした。
各サンプルのガラス転移温度、結晶化温度、融解温度などは、特に指定がない限り、TA Instruments Differential Scanning Calorimeterを使用して、ASTM D3418−12に従って測定した。1回目の加熱走査で各サンプル(4〜8mg)を10℃/minで−60から200℃まで加熱し、2分間保持して熱履歴を消去し、次いで、1回目の冷却走査で10℃/minで−60℃まで冷却し、2回目の加熱走査で10℃/minで200℃まで加熱した。2回目の加熱走査を使用して、組成物及びフィルムのTgを決定した。様々なパラメータを、以下に定義する通りDSCから得た:
Tg−ASTM D3418−12においてTmgと記載されている、2回目の加熱走査の中間温度を指す。
Tc−ASTM D3418−12においてTpcと記載されている、1回目の冷却走査の結晶化ピーク温度を指す。
Tm1及びTm2−ASTM D3418−12においてそれぞれTpmと記載されている、1回目及び2回目の加熱走査の融解ピーク温度を指す。
(式中、ΔHm2は2回目の加熱走査の融解吸熱量を質量で正規化した(mass normalized)エンタルピーであり、ΔHcc2は2回目の加熱走査の結晶化発熱量を質量で正規化したエンタルピーである(ASTM D3418−12の第11節に記載の通り)。)核剤を含む組成物では、ΔHcc2は検出されなかったため、ΔHnm2=ΔHm2であった。
ΔHnm1=ΔHm1−ΔHcc1
(式中、ΔHm1は1回目の加熱走査の融解吸熱量を質量で正規化したエンタルピーであり、ΔHcc1は1回目の加熱走査の結晶化発熱量を質量で正規化したエンタルピーである(ASTM D3418−12の第11節に記載の通り)。)核剤を含むフィルムでは、ΔHcc1は検出されなかったため、ΔHnm1=ΔHm1であった。
混練したサンプルを、10mil厚のスペーサーを間に挟んだ2枚のテフロンシート(「テフロン」は登録商標(以下同じ。))の間に入れた。テフロンシートを2枚の金属シートの間に挟んだ。間にサンプルを配設した金属シートを液圧プレス機(Carverから入手可能)の圧盤の間に挟み、圧盤を340°Fまで加熱した。各サンプルを、圧力をかけずに8分間予備加熱し、その後300ポンド/平方インチの圧力で5分間プレスした。次いで、金属プレートをCarverプレス機から取り出し、放冷した。溶融プレスしたフィルムを、DSC特性評価及び引張試験に供した。
溶融プレスしたサンプルを0.5インチ幅のストリップに切断した。Instron4501引張試験機を使用して室温で引張試験を行った。最初のグリップ距離は1インチであり、引張速度は1インチ/min又は100%ひずみ/minであった。試験結果を、3〜5個のサンプル複製の平均として報告した。引張強度(公称)、弾性率及び破断伸びパーセントは、ASTM D882−10の11.3及び11.5に記述されている通り決定される。
TA Instrumentsから「DMA Q800」として入手可能なフィルム引張固定治具を用いて動的粘弾性測定(DMA)を行って、温度の関数としてのフィルムの物理的特性を評価した。サンプルを、2℃/minの速度、1ラジアン/secの周波数及び0.1%の引張ひずみで−40℃の温度から140℃まで加熱した。
接着剤の幅0.5インチ(約1.3cm)×長さ6インチ(約15cm)のストリップを、ローラーを使用してステンレス鋼製パネル上に積層した。23℃/50%RHの条件のCTH(恒温恒湿)室における滞留時間は10分であった。はく離強度測定は、180°はく離モードを使用して12in/min(約30cm/min)で行った。6回の測定値の平均としてデータを記録した。
44.8wt%のPLA4032、35wt%のPVAc、20wt%のCitroflex A4及び0.2wt%のEcopromoteを含有する実施例17のフィルム片を、97wt%のイソオクチルアクリレート及び3wt%のアクリルアミドから得られ、重量平均分子量が約1,000,000g/molである、1mil厚のポリアクリレート感圧性接着剤を用いて室温でオーバーラミネートした。続いて、180°はく離強度を測定したところ25oz/inであった。はく離試験中、ポリアクリレート接着剤はPLA系バッキングとよく接着し、ステンレス鋼製パネルから接着剤がきれいにはく離されることが観察された。
Claims (8)
- 半結晶性ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
少なくとも25℃のTgを有するポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーと、
可塑剤と、
核剤と、
場合により含まれる非結晶性ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、を含む組成物であって、
前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーは、前記ポリ乳酸ポリマー、前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマー、及び前記可塑剤の総量を基準として、10〜50wt%の範囲の量で存在し、
前記可塑剤は、前記ポリ乳酸ポリマー、前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマー、及び前記可塑剤の総量を基準として、5〜35wt%の範囲の量で存在し、
前記組成物は、25℃未満のTgを有し、且つ80℃で24時間老化させた場合に可塑剤移行を示さない、組成物。 - 半結晶性ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
少なくとも25℃のTgを有するポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーと、
可塑剤と、
核剤と、
非結晶性ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、を含む組成物であって、
前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーは、前記ポリ乳酸ポリマー、前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマー、及び前記可塑剤の総量を基準として、10〜50wt%の範囲の量で存在し、
前記可塑剤は、前記ポリ乳酸ポリマー、前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマー、及び前記可塑剤の総量を基準として、5〜35wt%の範囲の量で存在し、
前記組成物は、30℃未満のTgを有する、組成物。 - 前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーは、75,000g/mol〜500,000g/molの範囲の分子量を有するか、又は、前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーが20℃で10%酢酸エチル溶液中に溶解される場合に、前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーは10〜50mPa*sの範囲の粘度を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーは、50℃以下のガラス転移温度を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 約0.01wt%〜約1wt%の範囲の量の核剤を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、10J/gより大きく、かつ40J/g未満の、2回目の加熱走査での正味の融解吸熱量であるΔHnm2を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 10J/gより大きく、かつ40J/g未満の、1回目の加熱走査での正味の融解吸熱量であるΔHnm1を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含むフィルム。
- 請求項7に記載のフィルムと、前記フィルム上に配置された感圧性接着剤の層と、を含む物品。
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US11787929B2 (en) | 2023-10-17 |
EP4389843A3 (en) | 2024-07-31 |
JP2018502957A (ja) | 2018-02-01 |
JP6787897B2 (ja) | 2020-11-18 |
CN107109041B (zh) | 2020-10-16 |
US11254812B2 (en) | 2022-02-22 |
EP3237541B1 (en) | 2024-07-10 |
CN107109041A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
US20220127444A1 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
KR20170097148A (ko) | 2017-08-25 |
US20170313912A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
US20200157336A1 (en) | 2020-05-21 |
EP3237541A1 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
EP4389843A2 (en) | 2024-06-26 |
WO2016105998A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
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