JP2022527487A - グラフィック物品に好適なポリ乳酸ポリマーを含むフィルム - Google Patents
グラフィック物品に好適なポリ乳酸ポリマーを含むフィルム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022527487A JP2022527487A JP2021557832A JP2021557832A JP2022527487A JP 2022527487 A JP2022527487 A JP 2022527487A JP 2021557832 A JP2021557832 A JP 2021557832A JP 2021557832 A JP2021557832 A JP 2021557832A JP 2022527487 A JP2022527487 A JP 2022527487A
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Images
Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/09—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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Abstract
Description
少なくとも25℃のTgを有する第2のポリマーと、可塑剤と、1つ以上のカルボジイミド加水分解安定剤と、を含む、フィルム層を含む、物品が記載される。いくつかの実施形態では、物品は、フィルム層の主表面に近接したグラフィックを更に含む、グラフィックフィルムである。典型的な実施形態では、グラフィックは、乾燥及び/又は硬化したインク層を含む。インク層は、典型的には、乾燥及び/又は硬化した放射線硬化インク、有機溶媒系インク、又は水系インクである。いくつかの実施形態では、フィルム層は、透明なカバーフィルム又はバッキングフィルムである。他の実施形態では、フィルム層は、無機顔料を更に含むバッキングフィルムである。
本明細書に記載される第1のフィルム層を含むフィルムを提供することと、フィルムにグラフィックを提供することと、を含む、製造方法が記載される。第1のフィルム層はアニールされても、未アニールであってもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、第1のフィルム層は、製造及び/又は印刷時に、1回目の加熱走査で、10J/g未満の正味融解吸熱量ΔHnm1を有する。
Rは独立して、同じであっても又は異なっていてもよいアルキル基であり、
R’はH又は(C1~C10)アシル基である。]で表されるバイオ系クエン酸系可塑剤である。
H2C=CR1C(O)OR8
[式中、R1はH又はメチルであり、R8は1~22個の炭素を有するアルキル、又は2~20個の炭素及び酸素若しくは硫黄から選択される1~6個のヘテロ原子を有するヘテロアルキルである]。アルキル基又はヘテロアルキル基は、直鎖、分枝、環状、又はこれらの組み合わせとすることができる。
INGEO 4032D-半結晶質ポリ乳酸(PLA)(D-ラクチド2重量%;重量平均分子量≒200,000g/モル)をNatureworks,LLC(Minnetonka,MN)から購入した。
溶融混錬
15cm3二軸小型混練機を備えたホットメルト押出機(DSM XPLORE)内で100毎分回転数(RPM)、200℃で10分間、PLA、PVAc、可塑剤及び核形成剤を混合し、次に混合チャンバの弁を開けて、試料を回収することにより、試料を調製した。混練した試料を80℃でのエージング試験及び示差走査熱量測定(「DSC」)特性評価に供し、引張試験用に溶融プレスしてフィルムにした。
混練した試料を、10mil厚(約250マイクロメートル)のスペーサーを間に挟んで、2枚のポリテトラフルオロエチレンシートの間に入れた。ポリテトラフルオロエチレンシートを金属シートの間に挟んだ。間に試料を配置した金属シートを液圧プレス機(Carverから入手可能)の圧盤の間に挟み、圧盤を340°F(171℃)まで加熱した。各試料を、圧力をかけずに8分間予備加熱し、その後300ポンド/平方インチ(約2.1ニュートン/mm2)の圧力で5分間プレスした。次いで、金属プレートを液圧プレス機から取り出し、放冷した。
エージング試験
混練した試料(約0.2グラム)を、シンチレーションバイアルに入れて閉め、エージング試験中に可塑剤が蒸発するのを防ぎ、80℃のオーブン中で24時間エージングした。次いで、80℃でエージングした後、可塑剤の移行があるかどうかを確かめるために、試料表面を検査した。表面が油っぽい試料は不合格とみなし、表面が油っぽくない試料は合格とみなした。
各試料のガラス転移温度、結晶化温度、及び結晶化度は、特に指定がない限り、TA INSTRUMENTS DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETERを使用して、ASTM D3418-12に従って測定した。1回目の加熱走査で各試料(4~8ミリグラム(mg))を10℃/分で-60℃から200℃まで加熱し、2分間保持して熱履歴を消去し、次いで、1回目の冷却走査で10℃/分で-60℃まで冷却し(特に指定がない限り)、2回目の加熱走査で10℃/分で200℃まで加熱した。1回目の加熱走査を使用して、フィルムのTmを決定した。2回目の加熱走査を使用して、フィルムのTgを決定した。様々なパラメータを、以下に定義する通りDSCから導出した。
ΔHnm2=ΔHm2-ΔHcc2
(式中、ΔHm2は2回目の加熱走査の融解吸熱量を質量で正規化した(mass normalized)エンタルピーであり、ΔHcc2は2回目の加熱走査の結晶化発熱量を質量で正規化したエンタルピーである(ASTM D3418-12の第11節に記載の通り)。)核形成剤を含む組成物では、ΔHcc2は検出されなかったため、ΔHnm2=ΔHm2であった。
ΔHnm1=ΔHm1-ΔHcc1
[式中、ΔHm1は1回目の加熱走査の融解吸熱量を質量で正規化したエンタルピーであり、ΔHcc1は1回目の加熱走査の結晶化発熱量を質量で正規化したエンタルピーである(ASTM D3418-12の第11節に記載の通り)。]を用いて算出した。核形成剤を含むフィルムでは、ΔHcc1は検出されなかったため、ΔHnm1=ΔHm1であった。
フィルム試料を切断して0.5又は1インチ(1.27又は2.54センチメートル(cm))幅のストリップにした。INSTRON 3365引張試験機を使用して、フィルム押出の機械方向(MD)及び横方向(TD)に沿って引張試験を実施した。初期グリップ距離は1インチ(約2.5cm)であり、引張速度は6インチ/分(約15.2cm/分)(すなわち、600%ひずみ/分)であった(特に指定がない限り)。試験結果は、3~5つの試料の複製の平均として報告した。引張強度(名目上)、引張伸び(破断点伸びパーセント)及び引張弾性率は、ASTM D882-10の11.3及び11.5節に記載されている通り決定された。
試料を、ポリスチレン分子量標準に対して従来のGPCによって分析した。GPC機器はAgilent 1260である。GPCカラムセットは、Agilent PLGel Mixed B及びD(2×300×7.8mm I.D)であり、溶離剤はTHF溶媒である。ピーク分子量(Mp)、数平均分子量(Mn)及び重量平均分子量(Mw)を報告した。
試験試料を、Atlas Material Testing Technology(4114 North Ravenswood Avenue,Chicago,Ill.,60613)製のAtlas Ci5000 Xenon Weather-Ometerにおける加速耐候試験条件に曝露した。試験は、ASTM G155-13、「Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materialsm」に従って実施し、カスタマイズされた設定は、ASTM G155-13の別表X1において表X3.1のサイクル1に概説されている。カスタマイズされた設定は以下である。
・ 照射量:340nmで0.68W/m2以上
・ 黒色パネル温度:70℃(光サイクル)、70℃(光及び水サイクル)
・ チャンバ温度:47℃(光サイクル)、47℃(光及び水サイクル)
・ 相対湿度:70%(光サイクル)、95%(光及び水サイクル)
・ 試験試料に曝露した、295~385nm(MJ/m2)の総照射量を報告する。
TA Instrumentsから「DMA Q800」として入手可能なフィルム引張固定具を用いて、動的機械分析(DMA)を行って、温度の関数として、フィルムの物理的特性を評価した。試料を、2℃/分の速度、1ラジアン/秒の周波数及び0.1%の引張ひずみで-40℃の温度から140℃まで加熱した。
印刷適性は、ASTM D7305-08a「Standard Test Method for Reflection Density of Printed Matter」による絶対印刷濃度試験法及び測定ヘッド上に5mmの開口部を有するGRETAG SPM 50 LT分光濃度計を使用して、評価した。較正プラークを使用して分光応答を較正し、2%以内の精度を有することが判明した。白色にした紙剥離ライナー上の25マイクロメートル(0.001インチ)厚アクリル感圧接着層の積層体を、室温でニップロール積層し、以下のフィルムにして、接着剤及びフィルムの表面が一緒に接合してフィルム物品を形成するようにした。以下の様々な種類のプリンタを使用して、少なくとも15cm2を覆う原色バーにより、フィルム物品の露出表面に印刷した。
・ 3M(登録商標)ピエゾインクジェットインクシリーズ1500v2を使用するVUTEK ULTRAVU II Model 150 SCプリンタ(EFI Corporation(Meredith,N.H.)の一部門、VUTEKから入手)、
・ Eco-Sol Max 2インクを使用するSOLJET PRO4 XR-640プリンタ(Roland DGA Corporation(Irvine,C.A.)から入手)、
・ HP Latexインクを使用するHP LATEX 360プリンタ(The Hewlett-Packard Company(Palo Alto,C.A.)から入手)。
印刷されたPLAフィルム(以下に記載の積層カバーフィルムを含む)の初期色及び加速耐候試験後の色変化を、X-Rite Ci64分光光度計で測定した。色をHunter L*、a*、b*単位で測定し、色変化(ΔE、デルタE)を、ASTM D2244「Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates」に従って、計算した。
二軸押出機(ゾーン1:250°F又は121℃;ゾーン2及び3:390°F又は199℃;ゾーン4及び5:350°F又は177℃)及び水中ペレタイザーを用いて、事前混錬されかつ流動性のPLAペレットを調製し、これは下記の組成を有していた:
二軸押出機(ゾーン1:250°F又は121℃;ゾーン2及び3:390°F又は199℃;ゾーン4及び5:350°F又は177℃)及び水中ペレタイザーを用いて、事前混錬されかつ流動性のPLAブレンドペレットを調製し、これは下記の組成を有していた:
Claims (42)
- 第1のフィルム層であって、
半結晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
任意選択の非晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
少なくとも25℃のTgを有する第2のポリマーと、
可塑剤と、
加水分解安定剤と、
ポリ乳酸ポリマー対無機顔料の比が4.5:1未満となる量の無機顔料と、
を含む、第1のフィルム層を含む、物品。 - 前記無機顔料が、TiO2を含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 無機顔料の前記量が、前記第1のフィルム層の少なくとも15、16、17、18、19、又は20重量%である、請求項1又は2に記載の物品。
- ポリ乳酸ポリマー対無機顔料の比が、少なくとも1:1、かつ4.4:1、4.3:1、4.2:1、4.1:1、又は4:1未満である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記第2のポリマーが、ポリビニルアセテートポリマーである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記加水分解安定剤が、カルボジイミド化合物である、請求項5に記載の物品。
- 前記物品が、前記フィルム層の主表面に近接したグラフィックを更に含むグラフィックフィルムである、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記グラフィックが、乾燥及び/又は硬化したインク層を含む、請求項7に記載の物品。
- 前記インク層が、乾燥及び/若しくは硬化した放射線硬化インク、有機溶媒系インク、又は水系インクである、請求項8に記載の物品。
- 前記グラフィック上に配置されたトップコート層又はカバーフィルムを更に含む、請求項7~9のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記カバーフィルムが、接着層により前記グラフィックに接着されている、請求項10に記載の物品。
- 前記カバーフィルムが、半結晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーを含む、請求項10又は11に記載の物品。
- 前記第1のフィルム層が、非晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーを含む、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記第2のポリマーが、75,000g/モル~1,000,000g/モルの範囲の分子量を有するポリビニルアセテートポリマーを含む、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記可塑剤が、ポリ乳酸ポリマー、第2のポリマー及び可塑剤の総量に基づいて、5~35重量%の範囲の量で存在する、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 核形成剤を、約0.01重量%~約1重量%の範囲の量で更に含む、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記第1のフィルム層が、以下の特性:
i)前記第1のフィルム層は、80℃で24時間エージングしたときに可塑剤の移行を示さない、
ii)前記第1のフィルム層は、10℃/分の速度での2回目の加熱走査で、40℃、35℃、30℃、25℃又は20℃未満のTgを有する、
iii)前記第1のフィルム層は、600%/分のひずみ速度で50%~600%の引張伸びを有する、
iv)前記第1のフィルム層は、600%/分のひずみ速度で50MPa~1100MPaの引張弾性率を有する、
v)前記第1のフィルム層は、動的機械分析により決定される引張貯蔵弾性率が、2℃/分の速度で加熱したときに、25℃~80℃の温度範囲で少なくとも1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9又は10MPaである、
のいずれか1つ又は組み合わせによって更に特徴付けられる、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の物品。 - 前記第1のフィルム層が、10℃/分の速度の1回目の加熱走査で、10J/g未満の正味融解吸熱量ΔHnm1を有する、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記第1のフィルム層が、アニールされたフィルムである、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記第1のフィルム層が、未アニールフィルムである、請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記物品が、前記フィルム層に対して反対側表面上に配置されたバッキングを更に含む、請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記物品が、前記フィルム層又はバッキングの対向する表面上に配置された、感圧接着剤を更に含む、請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記第1のフィルム層が、10℃/分の速度の2回目の加熱走査で、10J/g未満の正味融解吸熱量ΔHnm2を有する組成物を含む、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 第1のフィルム層であって、
ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
少なくとも25℃のTgを有する第2のポリマーと、
可塑剤と、
加水分解安定剤と、
ポリ乳酸ポリマー対無機顔料の比が4.5:1未満となる量の無機顔料と、
を含む、第1のフィルム層を含む、物品。 - 前記第1のフィルム層が、半結晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマー、非晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマー、又はこれらの混合物を含む、請求項24に記載の物品。
- 前記物品が、請求項2~23のいずれか一項によって更に特徴付けられる、請求項24又は25に記載の物品。
- 第1のフィルム層であって、
半結晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
任意選択の非晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
少なくとも25℃のTgを有する第2のポリマーと、
可塑剤と、
核形成剤と、
を含む、第1のフィルム層を含み、
前記フィルム組成物は、10℃/分の速度での1回目の加熱走査で、10J/g未満の正味融解吸熱量ΔHnm1を有する、物品。 - 前記第1のフィルム層が、加水分解安定剤を更に含む、請求項27に記載の物品。
- 前記第1のフィルム層が、無機顔料を更に含む、請求項27又は28に記載の物品。
- 前記無機顔料が、ポリ乳酸ポリマー対無機顔料の比が4.5:1、4.4:1、4.3:1、4.2:1、4.1:1又は4:1未満となる量である、請求項29に記載の物品。
- 前記物品が、請求項2~23のいずれか一項によって更に特徴付けられる、請求項27~30のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 第1のフィルム層であって、
非晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
少なくとも25℃のTgを有する第2のポリマーと、
可塑剤と、
を含む、第1のフィルム層を含み、
前記第1のフィルム層は、10℃/分の速度での1回目の加熱走査で、10J/g未満の正味融解吸熱量ΔHnm1を有する、物品。 - 前記物品が、請求項2~23及び28~31のいずれか一項によって更に特徴付けられる、請求項32に記載の物品。
- 第1のフィルム層であって、
半結晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
任意選択の非晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
少なくとも25℃のTgを有する第2の(ポリビニルアセテート)ポリマーと、
可塑剤と、
ポリ乳酸ポリマー対無機顔料の比が4.5:1未満となる量の無機顔料と、
を含む、第1のフィルム層を含む、物品。 - フィルム層であって、
半結晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
任意選択の非晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
少なくとも25℃のTgを有する第2のポリマーと、
可塑剤と、
1つ以上のカルボジイミド加水分解安定剤と、
を含む、フィルム層を含む、物品。 - 前記物品が、請求項2~23及び28~31のいずれか一項によって更に特徴付けられる、請求項34又は35に記載の物品。
- グラフィックフィルムの製造方法であって、
請求項1~36のいずれか一項に記載の第1のフィルム層を含むフィルムを提供することと、
前記フィルム上にグラフィックを提供することと、
を含む、方法。 - 前記フィルム上にグラフィックを提供することが、インクで前記第1のフィルム層に印刷することを含む、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のフィルム層が、印刷前にアニールされる、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のフィルム層が、印刷前に未アニールである、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のフィルム層が、10℃/分の速度での1回目の加熱走査で、10J/g未満の正味融解吸熱量ΔHnm1を有する、請求項37~40のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のフィルム層が、印刷時に、10℃/分の速度での1回目の加熱走査で、10J/g未満の正味融解吸熱量ΔHnm1を有する、請求項41に記載の方法。
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US201962825931P | 2019-03-29 | 2019-03-29 | |
US201962825875P | 2019-03-29 | 2019-03-29 | |
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US62/825,931 | 2019-03-29 | ||
US202062989956P | 2020-03-16 | 2020-03-16 | |
US62/989,956 | 2020-03-16 | ||
PCT/IB2020/052813 WO2020201928A1 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2020-03-25 | Film comprising polylactic acid polymer suitable for graphic articles |
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US (1) | US20220169846A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3947532A1 (ja) |
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US11766822B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2023-09-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microstructured surface with increased microorganism removal when cleaned, articles and methods |
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DE4018184A1 (de) | 1990-06-07 | 1991-12-12 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur stabilisierung von estergruppen enthaltenden kunststoffen |
US5296277A (en) | 1992-06-26 | 1994-03-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Positionable and repositionable adhesive articles |
US5677376A (en) | 1994-01-14 | 1997-10-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Acrylate-containing polymer blends |
US5804610A (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1998-09-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Methods of making packaged viscoelastic compositions |
DE4435548A1 (de) | 1994-10-05 | 1996-04-11 | Rhein Chemie Rheinau Gmbh | Stabilisierte Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanz |
US5623010A (en) | 1995-06-22 | 1997-04-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Acrylate-containing polymer blends and methods of using |
JP2000514129A (ja) | 1996-10-08 | 2000-10-24 | ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニュファクチャリング カンパニー | 下塗り剤組成物および有機ポリマー基材の接着 |
US5981113A (en) | 1996-12-17 | 1999-11-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Curable ink composition and imaged retroreflective article therefrom |
US6197397B1 (en) | 1996-12-31 | 2001-03-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Adhesives having a microreplicated topography and methods of making and using same |
US6008286A (en) | 1997-07-18 | 1999-12-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Primer composition and bonding of organic polymeric substrates |
US6498202B1 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2002-12-24 | Lexmark International, Inc | Ink jet ink compositions including latex binder and methods of ink jet printing |
DE10015658A1 (de) | 2000-03-29 | 2001-10-04 | Rhein Chemie Rheinau Gmbh | Blockcopolymere auf Basis von Polycarbodiimiden, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Hydrolysestabilisatoren |
US7297394B2 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2007-11-20 | Bio-Tec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Biodegradable films and sheets suitable for use as coatings, wraps and packaging materials |
US6896944B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2005-05-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Imaged articles comprising a substrate having a primed surface |
US20030215628A1 (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Long lasting outdoor tape |
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