WO2015020104A1 - 軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015020104A1 WO2015020104A1 PCT/JP2014/070773 JP2014070773W WO2015020104A1 WO 2015020104 A1 WO2015020104 A1 WO 2015020104A1 JP 2014070773 W JP2014070773 W JP 2014070773W WO 2015020104 A1 WO2015020104 A1 WO 2015020104A1
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- vinyl chloride
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- polyhydroxyalkanoate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08J2327/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2427/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2427/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2427/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08J2427/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2467/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a soft thermoplastic resin composition that is an alloy mainly containing a vinyl chloride resin and a polyhydroxyalkanoate.
- low environmental impact materials with low dependence on fossil fuels, which are depleted resources and generate a lot of carbon dioxide and air pollutants, are attracting attention.
- a number of low environmental impact materials are known, but typical examples include polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyamide 11 and the like.
- 57% of vinyl chloride resin is derived from salt and has low dependence on fossil fuels, so it is a low environmental impact material and has excellent mechanical properties and durability. Addition of plasticizers makes it hard and soft. Since the hardness can be adjusted widely, it has been attracting attention in recent years.
- the soft vinyl chloride resin has excellent mechanical properties and durability, but has a problem that a large amount of plasticizer is added.
- Plasticizers are not only negative in terms of physical properties such as plasticizer transferability, bleedout property, and high volatility, but also negatively that substances suspected of environmental hormones are used as plasticizers. Is underway.
- polyester plasticizers that are classified into oligomers with a molecular weight increased to several thousand to the first half of the tens of thousands with respect to plasticizers having a molecular weight of about several hundreds are known.
- plasticizer transferability, bleed-out property, and volatility have not been sufficiently lowered, and many of them have a problem that they are derived from fossil fuels.
- Patent Document 1 suggests a resin composition containing a polyhydroxyalkanoate oligomer and a vinyl chloride resin, but there is no example using a vinyl chloride resin, and other examples are satisfactory. It is not possible to obtain a tensile modulus and tensile elongation as much as possible. Further, as the polyhydroxyalkanoate oligomer, those having a molecular weight of 25000 or less are mainly used. Since such an oligomer has a relatively small molecular weight, the plasticizer migration property, bleedout property, There was a problem of relatively high volatility.
- Patent Document 2 As an example of realizing excellent compatibility with vinyl chloride resin while keeping the molecular weight as low as tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of resins, and has a molecular weight of 600 to 6000 and a molecular weight of less than 300.
- a copolyester polymer containing a long-chain ester unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid and a short-chain ester unit derived from a diol having a molecular weight of less than 250 and a dicarboxylic acid having a molecular weight of less than 300 is disclosed.
- copolyester polymer has a sufficiently high molecular weight, and therefore has low plasticizer transferability, bleedout property, and low volatility, but the raw material is derived from fossil fuel, and further improvement is required. Moreover, since there is no description regarding transparency and the description for which transparency is required in Patent Document 2, it is presumed that the transparency of the copolyester polymer is not sufficient.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a resin composition containing a vinyl chloride resin, a polyester resin, and an acrylic polymer.
- Patent Document 3 is a technology related to fibers that have improved heat shrinkage during secondary processing and improved heat resistance, and polyester resins can impart excellent heat resistance within the molding temperature range of vinyl chloride resins. The melting point is set, and after molding, relatively good heat resistance at the melting point is realized.
- polyester resins such as polylactic acid resins and crystalline polyester resins that are actually used in Patent Document 3 are not suitable for softening vinyl chloride resins.
- the object of the present invention is a low environmental impact material with low dependence on fossil fuels that easily generate carbon dioxide and air pollutants to protect the global environment, and is a plastic that is suspected of environmental hormones such as soft vinyl chloride resin. It is intended to provide a soft thermoplastic resin composition which does not contain an agent and has a mechanical property similar to that of a soft vinyl chloride resin, has reduced plasticizer transferability and is excellent in molding processability.
- the inventor melt-mixed polyhydroxyalkanoate, a specific (meth) acrylate resin, and an acrylonitrile styrene resin at a specific ratio with a specific vinyl chloride resin. As a result, it was found that a desired soft thermoplastic resin composition can be obtained by alloying, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides soft thermoplastic resin compositions 1) to 7) below, molded articles 8) below, and films and sheets 9) below.
- a soft thermoplastic resin composition comprising 0.1 to 8 parts by weight of a resin component (B) having at least one selected from the group consisting of styrene resins and having a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight of 400,000 or more.
- the soft thermoplastic resin composition of the above 1) is, in other words, 100 parts by weight in total of 15 to 65 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin having a polymerization degree of 2000 or less and 35 to 85 parts by weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate. It contains 0.1 to 8 parts by weight of at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth) acrylate resins having a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of 40 or more and acrylonitrile styrene resins.
- the copolymer comprises a monomer unit derived from 3-hydroxybutyrate and a monomer unit derived from another hydroxyalkanoate.
- the monomer unit derived from 3-hydroxybutyrate is a divalent group in which a hydrogen atom is removed from a hydroxyl group of 3-hydroxybutyrate and a hydroxyl group is removed from a carboxyl group.
- the monomer unit derived from hydroxyalkanoate is a divalent group in which a hydrogen atom is removed from a hydroxyl group of hydroxyalkanoate and a hydroxyl group is removed from a carboxyl group.
- the group in which the hydroxyalkanoate other than 3-hydroxybutyrate comprises 4-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3-hydroxyhexanoate, 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 3-hydroxydecanoate 3.
- the soft thermoplastic resin composition as described in 3) above which is at least one selected from the group consisting of: 5)
- the soft thermoplastic resin composition according to 3) or 4) above, wherein the copolymer contains 50 to 95 mol% of a monomer unit derived from the 3-hydroxybutyrate.
- the soft thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention is a low environmental load material with a reduced fossil fuel ratio, and has the same softness and mechanical properties as a soft vinyl chloride resin without using a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer transferability is reduced, the moldability is excellent, and furthermore, it has high transparency.
- the soft thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention includes a resin component (A) containing a vinyl chloride resin and a polyhydroxyalkanoate, and (meth) A resin component (B) that is at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate resins and acrylonitrile styrene resins and that has a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of 400,000 or more is included.
- the feature of the present invention is not to soften a hard vinyl chloride resin with a large amount of plasticizer, but to soften it with polyhydroxyalkanoate. Since the vinyl chloride resin and polyhydroxyalkanoate are excellent in compatibility, the vinyl chloride resin can be efficiently softened and a soft thermoplastic resin composition excellent in transparency can be obtained.
- the addition of (meth) acrylate resins and acrylonitrile styrene resins promotes gelation of vinyl chloride resins and solves the contradictory molding defects such as air marks and flow marks in a balanced manner, especially in calendar molding.
- the melt of the resin composition of the present invention can be given firmness to improve the releasability from the calender roll.
- the resin composition of the present invention mainly composed of these is particularly high in the ratio derived from non-fossil fuel, and can be said to be a low environmental load material.
- thermoplastic resin composition having low environmental load, low plasticizer migration, excellent softness, and excellent moldability and transparency can be obtained.
- the softness in the resin composition of the present invention means that the tensile modulus is 1000 MPa or less and the tensile elongation is 100% or more. Since the resin composition of the present invention is soft like rubber, the tensile test should conform to JIS K 6251 “Vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber-Determination of tensile properties”. The test speed is preferably 500 mm / min. The thickness of the test piece is not particularly limited, but a thickness of 1 mm is recommended because it has little variation and can be measured with high accuracy.
- the resin composition of the present invention preferably has a molded body having a thickness of 1 mm having a HAZE of 50% or less. This is because if it exceeds 50%, the transparency and colorability are inferior, and the intended use may be limited. From the viewpoint of expanding the application, the HAZE of the molded body is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 30% or less, still more preferably 20% or less, and particularly preferably 10% or less.
- the resin composition of the present invention has excellent softness, and further excellent molding processability and transparency, it is a building material, electric wire coating, general film / sheet, paint / adhesive / pigment, agricultural vinyl sheet. , leather, extruded products (hose / gasket), footwear, compound sol, and other uses where soft vinyl chloride resin is used.
- building materials include wallpaper, interior materials such as flooring, civil engineering, waterproofing sheets for construction work, waterproofing materials such as roofing, tarpaulins, canvas, tents, air domes, flexible containers, curing sheets, truck seats, etc. It is done.
- Examples of the use of the electric wire covering include a wire harness, an appliance power cord, a CV cable, a unit cable for indoor wiring, a flat cable, and the like.
- Examples of general film / sheet applications include printing materials, clothing, food, miscellaneous goods, stationery packaging, books and magazine covers, covers for electrical appliances and machinery, raincoats, umbrellas, shopping bags, etc.
- Daily necessities, playground equipment such as floats, beach balls, marking films, nurseries such as airporins and rainbow tunnels, and health goods such as yoga mats.
- Examples of leather applications include furniture for sofas and chairs, fancy cases, tablecloths, table covers, interior accessories such as accordion curtains, automobile interior materials, and fashion-related items such as belts, bags and bags.
- Examples of applications of extruded products include garden hoses, refrigerator gaskets, washing machines, flexible hoses for vacuum cleaners, telescopic helical bellows-shaped hoses and springs, special industrial hoses reinforced with cores, Examples thereof include sealing materials (packing) used for sashes and the like, automobile window sealing materials, and the like.
- footwear applications include chemical shoes, sandals, slippers, elbows, rubber boots, injection boots, and sandal core materials.
- paints / adhesives / pigments examples include emulsion paint coating aids, flexibility improvers, adhesives for plywood such as cardboard boxes and furniture, and additives such as toner.
- emulsion paint coating aids such as emulsion paint coating aids, flexibility improvers, adhesives for plywood such as cardboard boxes and furniture, and additives such as toner.
- medical uses and the like such as blood bags and tubes.
- the resin composition of the present invention has a wide moldability that can be molded by various molding methods, it can be formed into molded bodies of various shapes or forms. Particularly suitable for calendar molding, it is suitable for sheet and film applications.
- the plasticizer migration property is significantly reduced, and since the plasticizer is not used, the tackiness is low, and it can be suitably used for a printing material such as a marking film.
- the appearance of the molded body has an excellent texture and a high-class feeling, it can be suitably used for fashion goods such as leather, belts, bags and bags for high-quality furniture.
- the resin component (A) contains a vinyl chloride resin having a polymerization degree of 2000 or less and a polyhydroxyalkanoate, and preferably comprises a vinyl chloride resin having a polymerization degree of 2000 or less and a polyhydroxyalkanoate.
- the vinyl chloride resin a known vinyl chloride resin having a degree of polymerization of 2000 or less can be used without particular limitation, but a chloride derived from at least one monomer compound selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride and vinyl chloride derivatives.
- Polymer containing 100% by weight in total of 60% to 100% by weight of vinyl monomer and 0 to 40% by weight of monomer copolymerizable with vinyl chloride monomer (hereinafter referred to as “optional monomer (1)”) Can be preferably used.
- the vinyl chloride monomer is less than 60% by weight and the optional monomer (1) is more than 40% by weight, the compatibility, mechanical properties, etc., which are the properties of the vinyl chloride resin, may be lost.
- the vinyl chloride resin used in the present invention is preferably 75% to 100% by weight of the vinyl chloride monomer and 0% of the optional monomer (1).
- the vinyl chloride derivative is preferably a compound having a structure in which 1, 2 or 3 hydrogen atoms of vinyl chloride are replaced with chlorine atoms, and more preferably, 1 or 2 hydrogen atoms of vinyl chloride are replaced with chlorine atoms. More preferably, the compound has a structure in which one hydrogen atom of vinyl chloride is replaced with a chlorine atom. If the hydrogen atom of vinyl chloride is replaced with a chlorine atom, gelation becomes difficult to proceed and molding may not be possible. Even if gelation is possible, the melt viscosity is too high and the desired shape is obtained. There is a case where a molded body cannot be obtained or a molding defect such as a flow mark occurs.
- (meth) acrylates vinyl arenes, vinyl carboxylic acids, vinyl cyans, vinyl halides excluding chlorine, vinyl acetate, alkenes, One or more selected from the group consisting of alkynes are preferred.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylates include alkyl groups having 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, and behenyl methacrylate.
- Acrylates having 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate and the like, acrylates having a hydroxy group, and (meth) acrylates having an epoxy group such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate And (meth) acrylates having an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group of the (meth) acrylate is not necessarily limited. For example, if the number of carbon atoms exceeds 22, the polymerizability may be inferior, and therefore the alkyl group has an alkyl group of 22 or less.
- (Meth) acrylates can be suitably used.
- (meth) acrylates having an alkyl group having 12 or less carbon atoms are more preferable, and since the compatibility with polyhydroxyalkanoates is excellent, alkyl having 8 or less carbon atoms is more preferable.
- (Meth) acrylates having a group are more preferable.
- Examples of the vinyl arenes include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, monochlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene and the like.
- Examples of the vinyl carboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid.
- Examples of the vinylcyans include acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
- Examples of the vinyl halides excluding chlorine include vinyl bromide and vinyl fluoride.
- Examples of the alkenes include ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene, and isobutene.
- Examples of the alkynes include acetylene.
- the optional monomers (1) from the viewpoint of reactivity and softening, at least one selected from the group consisting of alkyl (meth) acrylates, vinyl acetate and alkenes is more preferable, alkyl acrylates, vinyl acetate and One or more selected from the group consisting of ethylene is more preferred, and vinyl acetate is particularly preferred from the viewpoints of reactivity and softening, versatility, and polymerizability.
- the vinyl chloride monomer and arbitrary monomer (1) of the vinyl chloride resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride resin is 2000 or less. Thereby, for example, good moldability can be imparted to the vinyl chloride resin and thus the resin composition of the present invention.
- the degree of polymerization exceeds 2000, the vinyl chloride resin may not be sufficiently melted or gelled, and molding may be difficult.
- the melt viscosity is too high to obtain a molded product having the desired shape, or a molding defect such as a flow mark occurs. There is.
- the resin composition of the present invention can contain a plasticizer as long as the plasticizer transferability does not become so high as described later, but does not contain a plasticizer or 100 parts by weight of the resin component (A).
- the degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride resin is preferably 1400 or less, more preferably 1100 or less, from the viewpoint of easy molding.
- the degree of polymerization is more preferably 900 or less from the viewpoint that a molded article having excellent transparency can be obtained without containing an agent.
- the degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride resin is preferably 800 to 1700, From the standpoint that both the excellent mechanical properties of vinyl resin and the excellent moldability can be achieved, 950 to 1400 is more preferable.
- the glass transition temperature of the vinyl chloride resin in the present invention is preferably 130 ° C. or less, more preferably 110 ° C. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 90 ° C. or less, particularly preferably 80 ° C. or less.
- the glass transition temperature exceeds 130 ° C., the polychlorinated alkanoate alone cannot sufficiently soften the vinyl chloride resin, and a large amount of plasticizer is required in addition to the polyhydroxyalkanoate. Softening and low plasticizer migration may not be compatible
- the glass transition temperature (hereinafter also referred to as Tg) of the vinyl chloride resin can be measured, for example, by differential thermal scanning calorimetry or dynamic viscoelasticity measurement. This is a value calculated using the Fox equation using the values described in the handbook [Polymer Hand Book (J. Brandrup, Interscience 1989)]. For example, 84 ° C. was adopted for polyvinyl chloride. Polyvinyl acetate is at 32 ° C.
- Tg When Tg is measured using differential thermal scanning calorimetry and dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, the Tg varies depending on the shape of the measurement specimen, the heating rate, etc., so at least the vinyl chloride resin and the (meth) described later.
- acrylate resins and acrylonitrile styrene resins it is necessary to optimize the measurement conditions so that the values described in the polymer handbook can be obtained.
- the vinyl chloride resin can be produced using a known method. Examples thereof include an emulsion polymerization method, a micro suspension polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, and a bulk polymerization method. More preferred are an emulsion polymerization method, a micro suspension polymerization method, and a suspension polymerization method that can provide a powdery product property that is easy to handle, and a suspension polymerization method is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of versatility.
- the vinyl chloride resin obtained by polymerization may be further modified.
- “Chlorination” is a representative example of the modification after polymerization in the present invention.
- vinyl chloride resins having a degree of polymerization of 2000 or less homopolymers of vinyl chloride and copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate are preferable.
- homopolymers those having a polymerization degree of 700 to 1500 are preferable, and those having a polymerization degree of 750 to 1400 are more preferable.
- copolymers those having a vinyl acetate content of 5 to 15% by weight or a degree of polymerization of 500 to 800 are preferred, and the vinyl acetate content is 5 to 15% by weight of the whole and the degree of polymerization is More preferred is 500 to 800.
- the polyhydroxyalkanoate used together with the vinyl chloride resin in the resin component (A) is a monomer unit derived from a hydroxyalkanoate (a hydrogen atom is removed from the hydroxyl group of the hydroxyalkanoate and a hydroxyl group is removed from the carboxyl group) It is a polymer having a divalent group.
- the monomer unit is represented by the formula [—CH (R) —CH 2 CO—O—] (wherein R is an alkyl group represented by —C n H 2n + 1 , and n is 1 to 24).
- n is an integer of 1 to 24.
- the monomer units can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the homopolymer consisting of only one type include poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) and the like. However, the crystallinity becomes too high and the crystallization speed becomes too high, so that some crystals are formed in the molded body. There is a risk of formation. When crystals are formed in the molded body, there are portions having different refractive indexes, and the molded body may be inferior in flexibility and transparency.
- polyhydroxyalkanoate is preferably a copolymer composed of two or more types of monomer units.
- polyhydroxyalkanoate is a copolymer of monomer units derived from 3-hydroxybutyrate and monomer units derived from other hydroxyalkanoates. More preferably.
- hydroxyalkanoates other than 3-hydroxybutyrate are not particularly limited, but 4-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3-hydroxyvalanoate, and the like from the viewpoints of softness and transparency of the resin composition of the present invention.
- examples thereof include hydroxyhexanoate, 3-hydroxyoxanoate, 3-hydroxydecanoate and the like.
- copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and other hydroxyalkanoates include poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate) -co- (4-hydroxybutyrate)], poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate) Rate) -co- (3-hydroxyvalerate)], poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate) -co- (3-hydroxyhexanoate)], poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate) -co- (3 -Hydroxyoctanoate)], poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate) -co- (3-hydroxydecanoate)] and the like.
- poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate) -co- (4-hydroxybutyrate)], poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate) are preferred from the viewpoint of easily imparting softness to the resin composition of the present invention.
- Rate) -co- (3-hydroxyhexanoate) is preferable from the viewpoint of softness and transparency of the resin composition of the present invention. Particularly preferred).
- the copolymer composition ratio of monomer units derived from 3-hydroxybutyrate and other monomer units derived from hydroxyalkanoate is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of further improving the transparency and softness of the resin composition of the present invention, it is preferably 50 to 95 mol% / 5 to 50 mol%, more Preferably, it is 60 to 92 mol% / 8 to 40 mol%, more preferably 70 to 90 mol% / 10 to 30 mol%.
- the proportion of monomer units derived from 3-hydroxybutyrate is preferably 70 to 95 mol%, preferably A copolymer having a molecular weight of 70 to 90 mol% and a weight average molecular weight of 450,000 to 600,000, preferably 500,000 to 550,000 is particularly preferred.
- the ratio of monomer units derived from 3-hydroxybutyrate is 70 to 95 mol%, preferably 75%.
- a copolymer having a molecular weight of ⁇ 95 mol% and a weight average molecular weight of 650,000 to 1,150,000, preferably 70 to 1,050,000 is particularly preferred.
- the polymerization method for obtaining the copolymer is not particularly limited, and any copolymerization method such as random copolymerization, alternating copolymerization, block copolymerization, etc. may be applied. Random copolymerization is preferable from the viewpoint of lowering the crystallization rate and improving the transparency. Although a manufacturing method is not specifically limited, What is produced by microorganisms is preferable.
- the molecular weight of the polyhydroxyalkanoate is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight is preferably 10,000 to 3,000,000, more preferably 30,000 to 3,000, from the viewpoint of impact resistance, tensile properties, and molding processability of the resin composition of the present invention. 2 million, more preferably 50,000 to 1,500,000, particularly preferably 100,000 to 1,000,000. If the weight average molecular weight of the polyhydroxyalkanoate is less than 10,000, the polyhydroxyalkanoate may enter a region called an oligomer, and the plasticizer transferability may not be kept low. In addition, the mechanical properties such as strength of the resin composition of the present invention may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the weight average molecular weight exceeds 3 million, the moldability of the resin composition of the present invention may be lowered.
- the measuring method of the weight average molecular weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate is not specifically limited, The measuring method using a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is preferable.
- the measurement method include a method using chloroform as a mobile phase, a GPC system manufactured by Waters as a system, and Shodex K-804 (trade name, polystyrene gel) manufactured by Showa Denko KK as a column filler. By this method, the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene can be determined.
- the ratio of the vinyl chloride resin and polyhydroxyalkanoate in the resin component (A) is 100 parts by weight in total of 15 to 65 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin and 35 to 85 parts by weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate.
- the vinyl chloride resin is less than 15 parts by weight or the polyhydroxyalkanoate is more than 85 parts by weight, and when the vinyl chloride resin is more than 65 parts by weight or the polyhydroxyalkanoate is less than 35 parts by weight, There may be a case where a non-soft resin composition is obtained such that the softness is insufficient or the tensile elongation does not reach 100%.
- This non-soft resin composition can be used for hard applications, and examples of the hard applications include building material applications such as window frames, siding, and decks.
- the blending ratio of the vinyl chloride resin and the polyhydroxyalkanoate is preferably 25 to 65 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin, 35 to 75 parts by weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate, more preferably vinyl chloride from the viewpoint of excellent transparency. 35 to 65 parts by weight of resin and 35 to 65 parts by weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate, and from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent softness, 35 to 60 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin and 40 of polyhydroxyalkanoate are more preferable. From the viewpoint of obtaining the resin composition of the present invention that satisfies the various properties such as transparency, softness, molding processability, plasticizer transferability and the like at a high level in a balanced manner, it is more preferably vinyl chloride resin 40. ⁇ 60 parts by weight, polyhydroxyalkanoate 40 ⁇ 60 parts by weight, particularly preferably vinyl chloride resin 40 ⁇ 5 parts by weight, a polyhydroxyalkanoate 45-60 parts by weight.
- More preferable combinations of the vinyl chloride resin and the polyhydroxyalkanoate include “a vinyl chloride homopolymer having a degree of polymerization of 2000 or less, 700 to 1500 or 750 to 1400”, and “vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, At least one selected from “vinyl chloride copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 5 to 15% by weight and a polymerization degree of 500 to 800”, and a ratio of “3-hydroxybutyrate to 70 to 95 mol of the whole” Or poly [(3-hydroxybutyrate) -co- (3-hydroxyhexanoate)] having a weight average molecular weight of 450,000 to 600,000 or 500,000 to 550,000 And “the ratio of 3-hydroxybutyrate is 70 to 95 mol% or 75 to 95 mol% of the whole, and the weight average molecule There poly is 650,000 to 1,150,000 or 70-1050000 and [(3-hydroxybutyrate) - - co (4-hydroxybutyrate)] at least one selected from "includes
- the resin composition of the present invention uses, as the resin component (B), one or more selected from the group consisting of (meth) acrylate resins and acrylonitrile styrene resins having a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of 400,000 or more.
- the (meth) acrylate resin means either or both of a methacrylate resin and an acrylate resin unless otherwise specified.
- the (meth) acrylate resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of 400,000 or more, but the (meth) acrylate monomer is 60 to 100% by weight, (meth) acrylate.
- a homopolymer or copolymer containing 0 to 40% by weight of a monomer copolymerizable with a system monomer (hereinafter referred to as “arbitrary monomer (2)”) is preferred.
- arbitrary monomer (2) a monomer copolymerizable with a system monomer
- the ratio of the (meth) acrylate monomer to the optional monomer (2) is preferably 70 to 100% by weight of the (meth) acrylate monomer, 0 to 30% by weight of the optional monomer (2), more preferably (meth)
- the acrylate monomer is 80 to 100% by weight
- the optional monomer (2) is 0 to 20% by weight
- more preferably the (meth) acrylate monomer is 90 to 100% by weight
- the optional monomer (2) is 0 to 10% by weight.
- Examples of (meth) acrylate monomers include alkyl groups having 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, and behenyl methacrylate.
- Acrylates having 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate and the like, acrylates having a hydroxy group, and (meth) acrylates having an epoxy group such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate And (meth) acrylates having an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group of the (meth) acrylates is not necessarily limited. For example, if the number of carbon atoms exceeds 22, the polymerizability may be inferior. (Meth) acrylates having them can be suitably used.
- (meth) acrylates having an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms More preferred are those having an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms because of excellent compatibility with polyhydroxyalkanoates (meth) ) Acrylates.
- the optional monomer (2) known monomers can be used. For example, from the group consisting of vinylarenes, vinylcarboxylic acids, vinylcyanides, vinyl halides excluding chlorine, vinyl acetate, alkenes, alkynes. One or more selected are preferable.
- Examples of the vinyl arenes include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, monochlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene and the like.
- Examples of the vinyl carboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid.
- Examples of the vinylcyans include acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
- Examples of the vinyl halides excluding chlorine include vinyl bromide and vinyl fluoride.
- Examples of the alkenes include ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene, and isobutene.
- Examples of the alkynes include acetylene.
- the optional monomers (2) acrylonitrile, styrene and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility with other resins.
- Arbitrary monomer (2) can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the acrylonitrile styrene resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight of 400,000 or more, but a total of 60 to 100% by weight of vinyl monomers composed of acrylonitrile and styrene, Homopolymers and copolymers containing 0 to 40% by weight of a monomer copolymerizable with (hereinafter referred to as “arbitrary monomer (3)”) and a total of 100% by weight are preferred.
- arbitrary monomer (3) a monomer copolymerizable with
- the ratio of the vinyl monomer to the optional monomer (3) is preferably 70 to 100% by weight of the vinyl monomer, 0 to 30% by weight of the optional monomer (3), more preferably 80 to 100% by weight of the vinyl monomer,
- Optional monomer (3) is 0 to 20% by weight, more preferably 90 to 100% by weight of vinyl monomer, and optional monomer (3) is 0 to 10% by weight.
- the ratio of acrylonitrile and styrene in the vinyl monomer is preferably 5 to 40% by weight of acrylonitrile and 60 to 95% of styrene when the total of acrylonitrile and styrene is 100% by weight.
- % By weight, more preferably 10 to 35% by weight of acrylonitrile, 65 to 90% by weight of styrene, still more preferably 15 to 30% by weight of acrylonitrile, 70 to 85% by weight of styrene, particularly preferably 20 to 30% by weight of acrylonitrile and 70 to 70% by weight of styrene.
- the optional monomer (3) known monomers can be applied.
- it is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of (meth) acrylates, vinyl arenes, vinyl carboxylic acids, vinyl halides excluding chlorine, vinyl acetate, alkenes, and alkynes.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylates include alkyl groups having 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, and behenyl methacrylate.
- Acrylates having 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate and the like, acrylates having a hydroxy group, and (meth) acrylates having an epoxy group such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate And (meth) acrylates having an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group contained in the (meth) acrylates is not necessarily limited. For example, if the number of carbon atoms exceeds 22, the polymerizability may be lowered, so that the alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- (Meth) acrylates having the following can be preferably used.
- (meth) acrylates having an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms are more preferable, and since compatibility with polyhydroxyalkanoates is excellent, still more preferable is 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the vinyl arenes include ⁇ -methylstyrene, monochlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene and the like.
- Examples of the vinyl carboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid.
- Examples of the vinyl halides excluding chlorine include vinyl bromide and vinyl fluoride.
- Examples of the alkenes include ethylene, propylene, butene, butadiene, and isobutene.
- Examples of the alkynes include acetylene.
- (meth) acrylate is preferable, and methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate are more preferable.
- Arbitrary monomer (3) may be used individually by 1 type, and may be combined 2 or more types.
- the (meth) acrylate resin and the acrylonitrile styrene resin are excellent in compatibility, they can be used together or only one of them can be used.
- the resin component (B) (meth) acrylate resin and acrylonitrile styrene resin have a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of 400,000 or more, preferably 400,000 or more and 10 million or less.
- the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene is less than 400,000, the vinyl chloride resin is not gelled, or the vinyl chloride resin does not sufficiently gel, and it is difficult to mold the resulting resin composition There is. Even if the resin composition can be molded, sufficient mechanical properties may not be exhibited. Moreover, when a weight average molecular weight exceeds 10 million, a resin component (B) may remain in a molded object as unmelted resin, and this molded object may become an external appearance defect. Even if the resin component (B) is melted, a defective appearance such as a flow mark may remain.
- the weight average molecular weight of the resin component (B) is excellent in the ability to gel a vinyl chloride resin, in particular, from the viewpoint of excellent releasability from a calender roll at the time of calendar molding, and the resin component (B) is molded. From the viewpoint that the amount remaining as an unmelted resin during processing becomes smaller and the generation of flow marks is further reduced, it is preferably 700,000 or more and 6 million or less, more preferably 1.4 million or more and 4 million or less.
- the resin component (B) (meth) acrylate resin and acrylonitrile styrene resin are excellent in compatibility with both vinyl chloride resin and polyhydroxyalkanoate. Can be minimized or minimized.
- the measuring method of the weight average molecular weight of (meth) acrylate type resin and acrylonitrile styrene type resin is not specifically limited,
- the measuring method using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is preferable.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- tetrahydrofuran as a mobile phase GPC system (trade name: HLC-8220GPC) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation as a system, TSKguradcolumn SuperHZ-H, TSKgel SuperHZM- manufactured by Tosoh Corporation as a column packing material.
- Examples include methods using H (trade name, polystyrene gel), respectively, and the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene can be determined by this method.
- the solvent used as the mobile phase can be appropriately changed.
- the number average primary particle diameter of the (meth) acrylate resin and acrylonitrile styrene resin is preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less. It is.
- the (meth) acrylate resin and / or the acrylonitrile styrene resin is used in the blending of the resin composition of the present invention and the melt molding processing method of the present invention. In some cases, the resin becomes an unmelted resin and remains in a molded body such as a sheet, resulting in a poor appearance of the molded body.
- the (meth) acrylate resin and acrylonitrile styrene resin used in the present invention can be produced by known methods such as bulk polymerization, melt polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, microsuspension polymerization, dispersion polymerization, and emulsion polymerization.
- the polymerization method of these resins is preferably suspension polymerization, microsuspension polymerization, dispersion polymerization, or emulsion polymerization. In order to make these resins have a more preferable number average primary particle size, microsuspension polymerization, dispersion polymerization, and emulsion polymerization are more preferable, and emulsion polymerization is particularly preferable.
- the primary particle diameter of the present invention is the particle diameter of the smallest unit particle that is confirmed when the resin particles are directly observed with an electron microscope or the like. Even if the primary particles are partly fused, each physical property of the resin composition of the present invention is not affected.
- there are special polymerization methods and fine particle preparation methods for example, there are fine particles having a hierarchical structure in which fine particles having a particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m are covered with relatively large fine particles of about 150 ⁇ m. In such a case, the former 1 ⁇ m is regarded as the primary particle diameter, and the particle diameter of a large fine particle of about 150 ⁇ m is regarded as the secondary particle diameter.
- the number average primary particle diameter of the present invention is obtained as an average value of the respective measured values obtained by directly measuring the particle diameter of 100 or more primary particles using an electron microscope or the like as described above. .
- the glass transition temperature Tg of the (meth) acrylate resin and acrylonitrile styrene resin used in the present invention is preferably 0 to 140 ° C., more preferably 30 to 120 ° C., still more preferably 40 to 110 ° C., and particularly preferably 45 to 95. ° C.
- the glass transition temperature Tg is lower than 0 ° C.
- the vinyl chloride resin may not gel, or the vinyl chloride resin may not sufficiently gel.
- the glass transition temperature Tg of the (meth) acrylate resin or acrylonitrile styrene resin exceeds 140 ° C., these resins remain as unmelted resins in a molded body such as a sheet made of the resin composition of the present invention. May result in poor appearance.
- the glass transition temperature Tg of the (meth) acrylate resin and acrylonitrile styrene resin used in the present invention can be measured by, for example, differential thermal scanning calorimetry and dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, but the glass transition temperature Tg of the present invention. Is a value calculated using the Fox equation using values described in Polymer Handbook (Polymer Handbook (J. Brandrup, Interscience 1989)). For example, Tg of polymethyl methacrylate is 105 ° C., Tg of polybutyl acrylate is ⁇ 54 ° C., and Tg of polymethacrylic acid is 228 ° C.
- Tg is measured using differential thermal scanning calorimetry and dynamic viscoelasticity measurement
- the three polymers (vinyl chloride resin, For (meth) acrylate resins and acrylonitrile styrene resins)
- the compounding amount of the resin component (B) in the resin composition of the present invention is 0.1 to 8 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component (A). Both air mark and flow mark are suppressed, and it is beautiful and transparent. From the viewpoint of obtaining a molded article having excellent properties, the amount is preferably 0.5 to 7 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the blending amount of the resin component (B) is less than 0.1 parts by weight, an unacceptable air mark may be generated. Further, the gelation of the vinyl chloride resin may not proceed sufficiently, and the mechanical characteristics, transparency, etc. may not be expressed.
- the blending amount of the resin component (B) exceeds 8 parts by weight, an unacceptable flow mark may be generated.
- combinations of the compounding amount of the vinyl chloride resin and polyhydroxyalkanoate constituting the resin component (A) and the compounding amount of the resin component (B) are as follows.
- the blending amount of the resin component (B) is 0.1 to 8 parts by weight, 0. 5 to 7 parts by weight or 1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the resin component (A) “25 to 65 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin and 35 to 75 parts by weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate”, “35 to 65 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin and 35 to 65 parts by weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate” Part ",” 35 to 60 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin and 40 to 65 parts by weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate ",” 40 to 60 parts by weight of vinyl chloride resin and 40 to 60 parts by weight of polyhydroxyalkanoate "or” vinyl chloride "
- the blending amount of the resin component (B) is 0.1 to 8 parts by weight, 0.5 to 7 parts by weight or 1 to 5 parts by weight.
- the vinyl chloride resin can be sufficiently softened with polyhydroxyalkanoate, but if necessary, the plasticizer can be used as an auxiliary agent within the range that does not increase the plasticizer migration of the resin composition of the present invention.
- the resin composition can be further softened and further imparted with cold resistance to the resin composition.
- the amount of the plasticizer is preferably 22 parts by weight or less, more preferably 18 parts by weight or less, and still more preferably 12 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component (A). Parts or less, more preferably 7 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 3 parts by weight or less.
- plasticizer that can be used in the present invention
- known plasticizers can be used.
- Phthalate ester plasticizers such as diisooctyl acid, octyldecyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, di (2-ethylhexyl) isophthalate; tributyl phosphate, tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, phosphoric acid ( Phosphate ester plasticizers such as 2-ethylhexyl) diphenyl and tricresyl phosphate; di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, diisodecyl adipate, adipic acid (n-octyl) (n-
- Glycerin plasticizers such as epoxy plasticizers such as epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil, epoxidized tall oil fatty acid (2-ethylhexyl); adipic acid (1,3-butanediol) (2-ethylhexanol) And polyester plasticizers such as polyester, sebacic acid (1,6 hexanediol) (2-ethylhexanol) polyester, adipic acid (propylene glycol) (coconut oil fatty acid) polyester, and the like.
- epoxy plasticizers such as epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil, epoxidized tall oil fatty acid (2-ethylhexyl); adipic acid (1,3-butanediol) (2-ethylhexanol)
- polyester plasticizers such as polyester, sebacic acid (1,6 hexanedi
- plasticizers include polyester plasticizers having low plasticizer transferability and bleed-out properties, trimellitic acid plasticizers such as trimellitic acid esters, glycolic acid plasticizers such as glycolic acid esters, and citric acid esters.
- Citric acid plasticizer such as glycerin, glycerin plasticizer, azelaic acid plasticizer such as azelaic acid ester, sebacic acid plasticizer such as sebacic acid ester, adipic acid plasticizer such as adipic acid ester
- More preferable plasticizers are trimellitic acid plasticizer, glycolic acid plasticizer, glycerin plasticizer, azelaic acid ester plasticizer, sebacic acid plasticizer, adipic acid plasticizer from the viewpoint of cold resistance. More preferable plasticizers are glycolic acid plasticizers and glycerin from the viewpoint of balance between low environmental load and safety.
- a plasticizer, particularly preferred plasticizer is glycerin-based plasticizer vinyl resin and compatibility with both polyhydroxyalkanoate chloride was excellent.
- a plasticizer can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the resin composition of the present invention containing a plasticizer contains 0.1 to 8 parts by weight of the resin component (B) and 22 parts by weight or less of the plasticizer with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component (A).
- the compounding ratio of the vinyl chloride resin and the polyhydroxyalkanoate (parts by weight, vinyl chloride resin / polyhydroxyalkanoate) in the resin component (A) is 15 to 65/35 to 85. 25 to 65/35 to 75, 35 to 65/35 to 65, 35 to 60/40 to 65, 40 to 60/40 to 60, or 40 to 55/45 to 60.
- the blending amount (parts by weight) of the resin component (B) can be in the range of 0.1 to 8, 0.5 to 7, or 1 to 5.
- the compounding amount (parts by weight) of the plasticizer can be in the range of 22 or less, 18 or less, 12 or less, 7 or less, or 3 or less.
- the resin composition of the present invention can contain a stabilizer for vinyl chloride resin as long as the excellent softness, transparency, molding processability and the like are not impaired. Since the vinyl chloride resin has a relatively low decomposition temperature, it is preferable to include a stabilizer for the vinyl chloride resin.
- Known stabilizers can be used as the stabilizer for the vinyl chloride resin. For example, use one or more vinyl chloride resin stabilizers selected from the group consisting of metal soap stabilizers, lead salt stabilizers, metal liquid stabilizers, organic tin stabilizers, and nonmetal stabilizers. Can do.
- Metal soap stabilizers are often used with the aim of a synergistic effect that increases the effect when used in combination rather than when used alone.
- Specific examples include calcium stearate, barium stearate, zinc stearate and the like.
- Lead salt stabilizers have strong thermal stability and excellent weather resistance. Specific examples include tribasic lead sulfate and dibasic lead phosphite.
- Metallic liquid stabilizers have good compatibility with resins and plasticizers, and have the effect of lowering the softening temperature, so that they are suitable for soft applications.
- Specific examples include Ba / Zn-based and Ca / Zn-based.
- Organic tin stabilizers like lead salt stabilizers, are characterized by excellent heat resistance and weather resistance, and a great gelling acceleration effect for vinyl chloride resins. Specific examples thereof include laurate series, maleate series, and mercaproid series (or mercapto series).
- Non-metallic stabilizers include compounds that contain little or no metal, and are important when assembling stabilizers by deleading. Specific examples include an epoxy compound system, a phosphite system, and a ⁇ -diketone compound.
- stabilizers include polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol, nitrogen-containing compounds such as diphenylthiourea, ⁇ -aminocrotonate, 2-phenylindole and dicyandiamide, hydrotalcites, etc. Is mentioned.
- the resin composition of the present invention has many uses that require transparency, it is preferable to use a liquid metal stabilizer or an organic tin stabilizer that is excellent in transparency. Moreover, in order to improve stability, you may add another stabilizer suitably.
- the blending amount of these stabilizers is preferably as small as possible from the viewpoint of hygiene, and the minimum stabilizer necessary for the molding process is used. Specifically, it is preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 4 parts by weight, still more preferably 0.5 to 4 parts by weight, and still more preferably 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin. Is 1 to 4 parts by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 3.5 parts by weight. If the blending amount of the stabilizer is less than 0.1 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin, the thermal stability may be insufficient. If it exceeds 5 parts by weight, In the case where scouring or plate-out occurs, bleeding out from the molded product, transparency may be insufficient, and the dissolution amount may be excessive in the dissolution test.
- the resin composition of the present invention containing a stabilizer for a vinyl chloride resin comprises 0.1 to 8 parts by weight of the resin component (B) and 100 parts by weight of the stabilizer for the vinyl chloride resin relative to 100 parts by weight of the resin component (A). 1 to 5 parts by weight. Further, the resin composition of the present invention containing a plasticizer and a vinyl chloride resin stabilizer is 0.1 to 8 parts by weight of the resin component (B) and 22 parts by weight or less of the plasticizer with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component (A). And 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride resin stabilizer per 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride resin.
- the blending ratio of the vinyl chloride resin and the polyhydroxyalkanoate (parts by weight, vinyl chloride resin / polyhydroxyalkanoate) in the resin component (A) is 15 to 65/35. It can be in the range of ⁇ 85, 25 ⁇ 65 / 35 ⁇ 75, 35 ⁇ 65 / 35 ⁇ 65, 35 ⁇ 60 / 40 ⁇ 65, 40 ⁇ 60 / 40 ⁇ 60, or 40 ⁇ 55 / 45 ⁇ 60.
- the blending amount (parts by weight) of the resin component (B) can be in the range of 0.1 to 8, 0.5 to 7, or 1 to 5.
- the compounding amount (parts by weight) of the plasticizer can be in the range of 22 or less, 18 or less, 12 or less, 7 or less, or 3 or less.
- the blending amount (parts by weight) of the stabilizer for vinyl chloride resin can be in the range of 0.1 to 5, 0.1 to 4, 0.5 to 4, 1 to 4, or 1 to 3.5.
- the resin composition of the present invention includes a group consisting of a known compounding agent, a thermoplastic resin other than the resin component (A) and the resin component (B), and an elastomer, as necessary, within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. 1 or more types selected from can be added.
- a compounding agent that is usually added to the resin composition can be used without any particular limitation.
- a filler, a reinforcing material, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a lubricant, a stabilizer coloring agents, antibacterial / antifungal agents, surface treatment agents, anti-anticides, mice and other repellents, flavoring agents, mold release agents, fluidity modifiers, compatibilizers, melt viscosity modifiers, light diffusing agents, Antifouling agents, antifogging agents, crystal nucleating agents, infrared absorbers and the like can be mentioned.
- filler and reinforcing material known ones can be used.
- powder fillers such as calcium carbonate, silica, clay, etc.
- flat fillers such as mica, talc, kaolin clay, graphite, and selinite, asbestos , Wollastlite, Sepiolite, Phosphate fiber, Gypsum fiber
- Needle filler such as MOS
- Spherical filler such as Shirasu balloon, Glass balloon, Carbon balloon, Linter, Glass fiber, Aramid fiber, Carbon fiber, Natural product fiber And other fiber fillers, tetrapotted zinc oxide and the like.
- the diameter of powder, sphere, needle, or fiber is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. Especially preferably, it is 0.3 micrometer or less.
- antioxidant known ones can be used.
- phenols typified by 2,6-di-tert-butyl-paracresol
- amines typified by phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine and the like
- lauryl Sulfur-based typified by stearylthiodipropionate
- phosphorus-based typified by tridecyl phosphite
- hydrazine-based typified by N-salicyloyl-N′-aldehyde hydrazine
- N, N′-diphenyl oxide examples thereof include acid systems such as amide series, phosphoric acid, and citric acid.
- UV absorber known ones can be used, and examples thereof include benzophenone, salsylate (benzoate), benzotriazole, and cyanoacrylate. Also included are metal complex salts used as quenchers, hindered piperidines used as hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS), and the like.
- tetrabromobisphenol A halogenated flame retardants typified by brominated polystyrene
- trioxide that improves flame retardancy by using in combination with halogenated flame retardants.
- phosphorus flame retardants represented by antimony, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate)
- inorganic flame retardants represented by aluminum trihydroxide, magnesium dihydroxide and the like. It is preferable to use a phosphorus-based flame retardant because it has excellent compatibility with the resin component (A) and also exhibits a softening effect.
- antistatic agent known ones can be used.
- cationic surfactant types represented by primary amine salts, tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, sulfated oils, soaps, alkyls.
- Anion activator type represented by sulfate ester salt, alkylbenzene sulfonate, phosphate ester salt, etc., partial fatty acid ester of polyhydric alcohol, ethylene oxide adduct of fatty alcohol, alkylnaphthol ethylene oxide adduct, etc.
- Nonionic activators, carboxylic acid derivatives, and amphoteric activators represented by imidazoline derivatives.
- various polymer types can be used.
- lubricant known ones can be used, for example, hydrocarbons represented by paraffin and polyethylene wax, fatty acids represented by higher fatty acids and oxy fatty acids, fatty acid amides, and alkylene bis fatty acid amides.
- hydrocarbons represented by paraffin and polyethylene wax fatty acids represented by higher fatty acids and oxy fatty acids
- fatty acid amides fatty acid amides
- alkylene bis fatty acid amides examples thereof include fatty acid amides, lower alcohol esters of fatty acids, ester systems typified by polyglycol esters, fatty alcohols, alcohols typified by polyglycols, various metal soaps, polymer systems typified by silicones, and the like.
- crystal nucleating agent known ones can be used, and examples thereof include higher fatty acid amides, urea derivatives, sorbitol compounds, boron nitride, higher fatty acid salts, and aromatic fatty acid salts. Of these, higher fatty acid amides, urea derivatives, and sorbitol compounds are preferred because of their high effects as crystal nucleating agents.
- each said compounding agent can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types, respectively.
- thermoplastic resin other than the resin component (A) and the resin component (B) Preferred thermoplastic resins other than the resin component (A) and the resin component (B) that can be used in the present invention include, for example, polyester resins; polycarbonate resins; polyamide resins; polyacetal resins; polyvinyl acetal resins; Polyketone resin; polyolefin resin; polymerization or copolymerization of one or more vinyl monomers selected from the group consisting of diene compounds, maleimide compounds, aromatic alkenyl compounds, methacrylic acid esters, acrylic acid esters, and vinyl cyanide compounds And vinyl-based polymer or copolymer resin obtained. These can be used alone or in a blend of two or more.
- the polyester resin is obtained by polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid or a derivative such as an alkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid with a diol, or a carboxylic acid or an alkyl ester of a carboxylic acid in one molecule.
- Examples include those obtained by polycondensation of monomers having both a derivative and a hydroxyl group, and those obtained by ring-opening polymerization of a monomer having a cyclic ester structure in one molecule.
- the polyester resin used here is other than the polyhydroxyalkanoate used as the resin component (A).
- Examples of the dicarboxylic acid constituting the polyester-based resin include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and the like.
- Examples of the diol include ethanediol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, hexanediol, and cyclohexanedimethanol.
- Examples of the monomer having both a carboxylic acid or a derivative such as an alkyl ester of a carboxylic acid and a hydroxyl group in one molecule include lactic acid.
- Examples of the monomer having a cyclic ester structure in one molecule include caprolactone.
- polyester resin examples include polymethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyhexamethylene terephthalate, polycyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate (hereinafter also referred to as PCT), poly (ethylene).
- PETG glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate
- polyethylene naphthalate polytrimethylene naphthalate
- polybutylene naphthalate polycyclohexanedimethylene naphthalate
- polyarylate polylactic acid, polysuccinic acid ethylene , Butylene polysuccinate, polybutylene adipate, poly- ⁇ -caprolactone, poly ⁇ -oxyacid) and copolymers thereof are exemplified.
- PETG polylactic acid polyethylene succinate, polybutylene succinate, polyadipine Acid butylene, poly- ⁇ -caprolactone, and poly ( ⁇ -oxyacid) are particularly preferred. These may be copolymers.
- the polycarbonate resin is obtained by reacting a dihydric phenol with phosgene or a carbonate precursor, and includes an aromatic polycarbonate resin and an aliphatic polycarbonate resin. Any of them can be used, but from the viewpoints of compatibility with the resin component (A) and decomposition temperature, aliphatic polycarbonate resins are preferred. Further, copolymers such as polyamide-polycarbonate resin and polyester-polycarbonate resin can also be used.
- polyamide resins examples include polyamides derived from aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic diamines and aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids, ⁇ -caprolactam, ⁇ -dodecalactam, etc. Polyamides obtained by ring-opening polymerization of lactams, or homopolymers such as polyamides obtained from 6-aminocaproic acid, 1,1-aminoundecanoic acid, 1,2-aminododecanoic acid, etc., and copolymers of these polyamides Examples include polymers and blends. From the viewpoint of compatibility with the resin component (A) and decomposition temperature, an aliphatic polyamide resin is preferred. Among them, nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6,10, nylon 4,6, copolymers of these, or blends thereof produced industrially at low cost and in large quantities are more preferred. preferable. From the same viewpoint, nylon 11 and nylon 12 are more preferable.
- Polyacetal resin is polyoxymethylene, and there are homopolymer type, copolymer type, and block polymer type.
- copolymer type and block polymer type copolymer components include oxyethylene, oxytrimethylene, and oxytetramethylene. From the viewpoint of compatibility with the resin component (A) and decomposition temperature, a copolymer type is preferred.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is obtained by modifying polyvinyl alcohol with aldehydes, and examples thereof include polyvinyl formal and polyvinyl butyral.
- the polyketone resin includes an aromatic polyketone, an alicyclic polyketone, and an aliphatic polyketone, but an aliphatic polyketone is preferred from the viewpoint of compatibility with the resin component (A) and decomposition temperature.
- the aliphatic polyketone include an alternating copolymer of ethylene and carbon monoxide, an alternating copolymer of ⁇ -olefin and carbon monoxide, and the like.
- Polyolefin resin is not only a polymer consisting of olefins represented by polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, polybutene, cycloolefin polymer or copolymer, but also at least one copolymerizable double bond with olefin.
- a copolymer with a copolymerizable compound is also included.
- the copolymerizable compound include (meth) acrylic acid and its ester, maleic acid and its ester, maleic anhydride, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, carbon monoxide and the like.
- the copolymerizable compound is preferably used in a proportion of 40% by weight or less.
- Non-reactive types are types that do not react with both vinyl chloride resins and polyhydroxyalkanoates.
- the reaction type is either vinyl chloride resin or polyhydroxyalkanoates. Or the type that reacts with both.
- non-reactive types include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester-carbon monoxide copolymer, ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer, etc. Is mentioned. Since these are excellent in compatibility with the resin component (A), they can be easily alloyed with the resin component (A) by melt-kneading.
- reaction type it is mainly a reaction to polyhydroxyalkanoate, but it is sufficient to copolymerize a monomer having a reactive functional group in a non-reactive type. Includes an epoxy group, an acid group (or an oxo group), a hydroxyl group, an isocyanate group, and the like. If necessary, the reaction can be carried out at an appropriate processing temperature using a reaction blocking agent and a reaction accelerator.
- Another approach of reaction type is dynamic crosslinking.
- a radical generator that generates radicals effectively at the processing temperature, it can be mainly reacted with polyhydroxyalkanoate.
- the radical generator mainly reacts with the polyhydroxyalkanoate and forms a covalent bond between the polyhydroxyalkanoate and the reaction type, so that it can function as a compatibilizer and can be alloyed.
- vinyl resins include heavy polymers obtained by polymerizing or copolymerizing one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of diene compounds, maleimide compounds, aromatic alkenyl compounds, methacrylates, acrylates and vinyl cyanide compounds. Examples thereof include a coalescence or copolymer resin.
- polystyrene resin examples include polystyrene resin, s-polystyrene resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polychlorostyrene resin, polybromostyrene resin, poly ⁇ -methylstyrene resin, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin, styrene.
- -Methyl methacrylate copolymer resin styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin, styrene-maleimide copolymer resin, styrene-N-phenylmaleimide copolymer resin, styrene-N-phenylmaleimide-acrylonitrile copolymer resin, Methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate copolymer resin, methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate copolymer resin, styrene-acrylonitrile- ⁇ -methylstyrene terpolymer resin, butadiene-styrene copolymer (HIPS) Resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber-styrene copolymer (ABS) resin, acrylonitrile-acrylic rubber-styrene copolymer (ASA), acrylonitrile-ethylenepropylene rubber-styrene copoly
- polymethyl methacrylate resin polymethyl methacrylate resin, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber-styrene copolymer (ABS) Resin, acrylonitrile-acrylic rubber-styrene copolymer (ASA), acrylonitrile-ethylenepropylene rubber-styrene copolymer, and acrylonitrile-ethylenepropylene diene rubber-styrene copolymer are preferable.
- ABS acrylonitrile-acrylic rubber-styrene copolymer
- ASA acrylonitrile-ethylenepropylene rubber-styrene copolymer
- acrylonitrile-ethylenepropylene diene rubber-styrene copolymer are preferable.
- composition containing one or both of a (meth) acrylate resin and an acrylonitrile styrene resin having a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of 400,000 or more used as the resin component (B) in the present invention is excluded.
- the upper limit temperature at which the molding process can be performed when considering the decomposition temperature of the vinyl chloride resin is about 220 ° C.
- the upper limit temperature at which the molding process is possible when considering the decomposition temperature of the polyhydroxyalkanoate is about 240 ° C.
- the amount of these thermoplastic resins is preferably 40 parts by weight or less, more preferably 30 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 20 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component (A). It is as follows. These thermoplastic resins are supplementarily used to balance the quality of the resin composition of the present invention. When the blending amount of these thermoplastic resins exceeds 40 parts by weight, the softness, mechanical properties, etc. of the resin composition of the present invention are used. May decrease.
- elastomer natural rubber and synthetic rubber can be used without particular limitation.
- Synthetic rubber includes, for example, acrylic rubber such as butyl acrylate rubber, ethyl acrylate rubber and octyl acrylate rubber, nitrile rubber such as butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, chloroprene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, isobutylene rubber, styrene-butadiene.
- Rubber methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate block copolymer, styrene-isobutylene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, hydrogenated styrene-butadiene block copolymer, ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPR), hydrogenated Ethylene-butadiene copolymer (EPDM), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide copolymer, polyurethane, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, silicone rubber (Mira Type, room temperature vulcanization type, etc.), butyl rubber, fluororubber, olefin thermoplastic elastomer, styrene thermoplastic elastomer, urethane thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, polyester thermoplastic elastomer, fluorine thermoplastic elastomer
- the rubber having multiple bonds in the structure has a low compatibility with the resin component (A), it can be made into an alloy structure that sufficiently develops quality by dynamic crosslinking.
- a methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate block copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide copolymer are preferable.
- a polymer and a urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer are preferable, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide copolymer is particularly preferable.
- the resin component (A) is a vinyl chloride resin, polyhydroxyalkanoate
- the resin component (B) is a (meth) acrylate resin and acrylonitrile styrene having a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight of 400,000 or more.
- the resin composition of the present invention can be obtained by compounding each of the above-described raw materials by a known method using at least one kind as a raw material, and further molding the obtained resin composition of the present invention by a known method be able to.
- the above-mentioned raw materials may be an unmelted compound in which the above-mentioned raw materials are mixed without melting, and the granulated compound has a shape that is easy to form by compressing, adhering, or completely melting the unmelted compound. It is also good.
- the above-mentioned raw materials may be added all at once, or may be added stepwise in the middle. In particular, when the raw materials have different shapes such as pellets, powders, liquids, etc., it is preferable to add them using a plurality of feeders.
- a known method can be used, and examples thereof include a method using a mixer such as a Henschel mixer and a tumbler.
- a method for preparing the granulation compound known methods can be used. Examples thereof include a method using a kneading machine such as a roll compaction machine, a gear pelletizer, a Banbury mixer, and various extruders.
- the vinyl chloride resin In order to maximize the performance of vinyl chloride resin, to maximize the moldability and quality (mechanical properties, softness, transparency, low plasticizer migration, etc.) of the resin composition of the present invention It is necessary to give heat and shear to the vinyl chloride resin so that it is sufficiently gelled. If the total amount of polyhydroxyalkanoate is added before the vinyl chloride resin is sufficiently melt-kneaded, the melt viscosity of the mixed system will decrease, the vinyl chloride resin will not be sheared, and the gelation will not proceed sufficiently. In some cases, the mechanical properties, transparency, and the like of the obtained molded article are deteriorated. Therefore, it is preferable that the vinyl chloride resin is sufficiently gelled by an appropriate melt kneading method.
- melt kneading method for example, a first melt kneading method in which a vinyl chloride resin is melt kneaded and then polyhydroxyalkanoate is added and melt kneaded, vinyl chloride resin and poly
- a second melt-kneading method in which a part of the hydroxyalkanoate is mixed and melt-kneaded, and then the remainder of the polyhydroxyalkanoate is added to the obtained kneaded material in one time or divided into a plurality of times to melt-knead; Mix and melt knead the entire amount of vinyl chloride resin, or mix and melt knead the entire amount of vinyl chloride resin and a part of polyhydroxyalkanoate to form a solid compound (for example, pellets)
- a third melt-kneading method in which the entire amount or the remainder of the hydroxyalkanoate is mixed and melt-kneaded is preferred.
- the second melt-kneading method include, for example, a pre-kneading step of melt-kneading a vinyl chloride resin and a part of polyhydroxyalkanoate, and a kneaded product obtained in the pre-kneading step, if necessary. And a main kneading step in which the remainder of the polyhydroxyalkanoate is added at one time or divided into a plurality of times and further melt-kneaded while shaping the kneaded product and adjusting its shape.
- the kneaded material obtained in the preliminary kneading step may be compounded, and the obtained compound may be melted and used as the kneaded material obtained in the preliminary kneading step in the main kneading step.
- the kneaded product obtained in the main kneading step may be compounded and molded by a molding method described later.
- a homopolymer having a polymerization degree of 750 to 1200 or 900 to 1200 is used as the vinyl chloride resin, and the amount of polyhydroxyalkanoate added in the preliminary kneading step is 5 to 90% by weight, 10 to 80% by weight. % Or 12 to 75% by weight makes it possible to achieve both moldability and physical properties of the resulting molded article at a very high level.
- melt-kneading methods sufficient gelation of the vinyl chloride resin and improved compatibility between the vinyl chloride resin and the polyhydroxyalkanoate can be achieved at a high level, and transparency, softness, This is preferable because a molded article having excellent mechanical properties and the like and having a remarkably low plasticizer transferability can be obtained.
- the second melt kneading method is more preferable among the above methods.
- the vinyl chloride resin and polyhydroxyalkanoate used in the kneading method as described above are preferably individually compounded.
- the compound of the vinyl chloride resin may contain a part of the resin component (B) and a stabilizer for vinyl chloride resin, a plasticizer, a lubricant and the like together with the vinyl chloride resin.
- the compound of polyhydroxyalkanoate may contain the remainder of the resin component (B), a plasticizer, a lubricant, etc. with polyhydroxyalkanoate.
- a plasticizer is added, for example, in order to further accelerate the gelation of the vinyl chloride resin.
- the plasticizer is preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, still more preferably 80% by weight or more, and further preferably 90% by weight or more of the total amount of the plasticizer before melting the vinyl chloride resin. It is particularly preferable that 100% by weight is added and mixed with the vinyl chloride resin.
- Resin component (B) like the plasticizer, not only promotes gelation of the vinyl chloride resin, but also has a function as a melt viscosity modifier.
- two or more types can be derived from the Wu formula (S. Wu, J. Polym. Sci., C34,19 (1971)).
- the difference in melt viscosity of the resin is preferably as small as possible.
- the resin component (B) may be contained in a compound of vinyl chloride resin or polyhydroxyalkanoate as described above, or a plurality of resin components (B) may be appropriately added to the melt-kneaded product of vinyl chloride resin and polyhydroxyalkanoate. It is preferable to add in portions.
- molding processes include injection molding (insert molding, two-color molding, sandwich molding, gas ink injection molding, etc.), extrusion molding, inflation molding, T-die film molding, and laminate molding.
- Blow molding method hollow molding method, compression molding method
- examples thereof include a calendar molding method, a rotational molding method, a transfer molding method, a vacuum molding method, a powder slush molding method, and a cast molding method.
- the resin composition of the present invention can be widely adjusted in melt viscosity by changing the blending amount and weight average molecular weight of the resin component (B), the presence or absence of blending of the plasticizer, and the blending amount when blending. Yes, it can be applied to a wide range of molding methods, but considering the melt viscosity range in the formulation that makes it easy to express quality, injection molding method, extrusion molding method, inflation molding method, T-die film molding method, blow molding method, calendar molding method, It is preferable to use a vacuum forming method.
- the injection molding method, the extrusion molding method, the T-die film molding method, and the calendar molding method are more preferable, the extrusion molding method and the calendar molding method are more preferable, and the calendar molding method is particularly preferable.
- the calendar molding method is a molding method in which a roll molding process and a cooling process are essential processes, and if necessary, a pre-kneading process performed before the roll molding process and a press molding process performed after the roll molding process. Etc. may be included.
- a roll molding process and a cooling process are essential processes, and if necessary, a pre-kneading process performed before the roll molding process and a press molding process performed after the roll molding process. Etc. may be included.
- the roll forming step one or more kneading and forming machines composed of two or more rolls each having a heating device are used.
- a typical kneading and forming machine for example, a mixing roll composed of two rolls, a warming roll composed of two rolls, and the like can be mentioned. Further, if necessary, a calender roll composed of 4 to 9 rolls may be provided subsequently.
- the raw materials such as the resin component (A), the resin component (B), and other compounding agents are supplied to the surface of the roll that is heated and rotated at a predetermined temperature to melt and knead each raw material.
- the obtained kneaded material is formed into a sheet.
- the temperature of the roll surface is appropriately selected according to the type and blending amount of the raw materials, but is usually selected from the range of 150 to 200 ° C, preferably 155 ° C to 195 ° C, more preferably 160 to 190 ° C.
- a vinyl chloride resin is obtained by adding a part of the resin component (B) to the vinyl chloride resin, a lubricant or the like, the second melt kneading method, or the like.
- a compound in which a part or all of the polyhydroxyalkanoate is added to the resin, a part or all of the resin component (B), a lubricant or the like, a compound in the form of pellets obtained by the third melt-kneading method, or the like is preferable. .
- the kneading machine for example, a batch-type Banbury mixer, a planetary extruder, a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, or the like is used in the pre-kneading process performed before the roll forming process as necessary. This step is performed in order to compound each raw material or to melt each raw material or its compound in advance. By performing the pre-kneading process, the productivity of the calendar molding method can be improved.
- a press molding machine composed of a heating press machine and a cooling press machine arranged on the downstream side of the heating press machine was used to obtain the roll molding process. After cutting the widthwise ends of the sheet-shaped molded body as necessary, they are overlapped and sandwiched in a hot press machine for preheating and pressure heating. Immediately thereafter, they are sandwiched in a cooling press machine and cooled under pressure. By doing this, a sheet-like molded article having a predetermined thickness made of the resin composition of the present invention can be obtained.
- the heating temperature at the time of pressure heating in the hot press is appropriately selected according to the composition of the resin composition of the present invention constituting the sheet-shaped molded body, but the surface temperature of the roll in the roll molding step (melt kneading temperature).
- the surface temperature of the roll in the roll molding step (melt kneading temperature).
- the press pressure in a hot press machine and a cooling press machine is not specifically limited, It selects suitably according to the composition of this invention resin composition which comprises a sheet-like molded object, the design thickness of a sheet-like molded object, etc.
- Preferred embodiments of the method for producing a molded article comprising the resin composition of the present invention include, for example, a pre-kneading step in which a vinyl chloride resin and a part of polyhydroxyalkanoate are melt-kneaded, and a kneaded product obtained in the pre-kneading step. Further, the kneaded product was obtained in the main kneading step and the main kneading step in which the remainder of the polyhydroxyalkanoate was added in one or more portions and further melt kneaded while adjusting the shape of the kneaded material as necessary.
- a molding method including molding a kneaded product or a kneaded product having a predetermined shape into a molded product having a desired shape.
- HAZE measuring method HAZE of a sheet-like molded body having a thickness of 1.0 mm obtained by press molding described later is a haze meter (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., model: NDH2000) based on JIS K 7136. Was measured.
- Plasticizer transferability test method A sheet-like molded product having a thickness of 1.0 mm obtained by press molding is sandwiched between black PMMA plates, applied with a pressure of 1 MPa, and held in a thermostatic chamber at 80 ° C. for 6 hours. did. Thereafter, the molded body was peeled off from the black PMMA plate, and ranked from 1 to 4 according to the whiteness of the black PMMA plate, and a relative comparison was performed. 4 is the best and almost white, whereas 1 is the worst and the plasticizer migration is very high, so it is pure white. If it is 3 or more, the plasticizer migration is at a level with no problem.
- the appearance of the sheet-like molded body obtained by roll molding was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria.
- the air mark is a molding defect that remains in the sheet molded body as air entrained by kneading cannot be completely removed when passing between rolls and becomes air bubbles.
- the flow mark is a molding defect in which the shape of a resin reservoir (also called a roll bank) formed between the rolls cannot be relaxed even after passing between the rolls, and a fluid pattern remains on the sheet-like molded body.
- a flow mark is recognized, and it has a beautiful appearance with a high texture.
- ⁇ No flow mark is observed, and it has a sufficient appearance as a general soft resin molding.
- ⁇ Although a flow mark is recognized when viewed carefully, it has a practically usable appearance as a general soft resin molding.
- X A flow mark is recognized, the surface is partially uneven, and the appearance is insufficient.
- the irregularity referred to here is an unmelted resin that can be confirmed by visual observation of the sheet-like molded product, and ⁇ (existing to the extent that the unmelted resin has no practical problem) and x ( The unmelted resin was easily confirmed visually, and there was a problem in practical use).
- the composition of the preculture medium was Na 2 PO 4 .12H 2 O: 1.1 w / v%, KH 2 PO 4 : 0.19 w / v%, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 : 1.29 w / v%, MgSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O: 0.1 w / v%, palm kernel oil olein: 2.5 w / v%, trace metal salt solution (in 0.1N hydrochloric acid, FeCl 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O: 1.6 w / v% , CaCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O: 1 w / v%, CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O: 0.02 w / v%, CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O: 0.016 w / v%, NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O: 0. 012 w / v% dissolved.) 0.5 v / v%.
- the composition of the polyester production medium is Na 2 PO 4 .12H 2 O: 0.385 w / v%, KH 2 PO 4 : 0.067 w / v%, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 : 0.291 w / v%, MgSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O: 0.1w / v%, the trace metal salt solution (0.1 N hydrochloric acid FeCl 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O: 1.6w / v%, CaCl 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O: 1w / v%, CoCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O: 0.02 w / v%, CuSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O: 0.016 w / v%, NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O: 0.012 w / v%)): 0.5 v / V%, antifoaming agent (trade name: BIOSPUMEX200K, manufactured by Cognis Japan): 0.05 w / v% was dissolved.
- palm kernel oil olein which is a low melting point fraction obtained by fractionating palm kernel oil
- phosphate aqueous solution for feeding those prepared to be Na 2 HPO 4 ⁇ 12H 2 O: 4.00 w / v% and KH 2 PO 4 : 0.69 w / v% were used.
- a glycerol stock (50 ⁇ l) of the KNK-631 strain was inoculated into a seed medium (10 ml), cultured for 24 hours, and a 3 L jar fermenter (trade name: MDL-300 type, (1.8 ml) containing a preculture medium.
- 1.0 v / v% was inoculated to Maruhishi Bioengineering Co., Ltd.
- the operating conditions were a culture temperature of 33 ° C., a stirring speed of 500 rpm, an aeration rate of 1.8 L / min, and a pH of 6.7 to 6.8 while controlling for 28 hours.
- a 7% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution was used for pH control.
- PHA-2 polyhydroxyalkanoate
- 10L jar fermenter (trade name: MDL-1000 type, manufactured by Maruhishi Bioengineering Co., Ltd.) containing 4.3L of production medium.
- the culture seed mother was inoculated with 5.0 v / v%.
- the operating conditions were a culture temperature of 28 ° C., a stirring speed of 600 rpm, an aeration rate of 6 L / min, and a pH controlled between 6.7 and 6.8.
- a 14% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution was used.
- the carbon source is palm kernel oil olein throughout the culture so that the specific substrate feed rate is 0.1-0.12 (g fat) ⁇ (g net dry cell weight) ⁇ 1 ⁇ (h) ⁇ 1.
- the specific substrate supply rate is a culture variable defined as the amount of oil supplied per unit time per net cell weight, that is, the oil flow acceleration per net dry cell weight.
- the net dry cell weight is the dry cell weight obtained by subtracting the polyester weight contained from the total dry cell weight. That is, the specific substrate supply rate is a value obtained from the following equation.
- an aqueous phosphate solution was continuously added at a flow rate such that the C / P ratio was 250 to 350 after 20 hours of culture. Culturing was carried out for about 64 hours. After completion of the cultivation, the cells were collected by centrifugation, washed with methanol, lyophilized, and the weight of the dried cells was measured.
- composition analysis of the obtained polyhydroxyalkanoate was measured by gas chromatography as follows. To 20 mg of dry polyhydroxyalkanoate, 2 ml of a sulfuric acid-methanol mixture (15:85) and 2 ml of chloroform were added and sealed, and heated at 100 ° C. for 140 minutes to obtain a methyl ester of a PHA decomposition product. After cooling, 1.5 g of sodium bicarbonate was added little by little to neutralize it, and the mixture was allowed to stand until the generation of carbon dioxide gas stopped. After adding 4 ml of diisopropyl ether and mixing well, the mixture was centrifuged and the monomer unit composition of the polyester degradation product in the supernatant was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography.
- GC-17A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used for the gas chromatograph
- NEWTRA BOND-1 column length 25 m, column inner diameter 0.25 mm, liquid film thickness 0.4 ⁇ m
- Hexane was used as the carrier gas
- the column inlet pressure was 100 kPa
- 1 ⁇ l of sample was injected.
- the temperature was raised from an initial temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. at a rate of 8 ° C./min, and further from 200 to 290 ° C. at a rate of 30 ° C./min.
- the polyhydroxyalkanoate obtained in Synthesis Example 1 is poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (P3HB3HH). Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) molar ratio was 87 mol%.
- the molecular weight of the obtained polyhydroxyalkanoate was determined by gel permeation chromatography as follows. 15 mg of the extracted PHA was dissolved in 10 ml of chloroform, and filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ m filter to obtain a measurement sample. Of the obtained samples, 0.05 ml was used for measurement.
- the measuring system was SLC-10A (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the column was connected with two Shodex GPC K-806L (manufactured by Showa Denko KK) in series, and the column oven was set at 40 ° C. The mobile phase was chloroform and the flow rate was 1.0 ml / L. Detection was performed using an RI detector (RID-10A, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- polystyrene manufactured by Showa Denko KK, weight average molecular weight: about 7 million, about 1.70 million, 150,000, 30,000 treated in the same manner as the measurement sample was used.
- a calibration curve was prepared based on the measurement results of these standard products, and the weight average molecular weight of the measurement sample was calculated using this calibration curve. The weight average molecular weight of the obtained sample was 550,000.
- Synthesis Example 3 ⁇ Synthesis of PHA-4> Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 2 except that KNK-005 strain (see US Pat. No. 7,384,766) was used instead of KNK-631 strain, and palm double olein oil was used as the carbon source. PHA-4 was obtained as (Rate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). In Synthesis Example 3, P3HB3HH (PHA-4) having a 3HB ratio of 94 mol% and a weight average molecular weight of 490,000 was obtained.
- a plasmid for gene disruption was prepared as follows. PCR was performed using the primers shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 using the genomic DNA of Cupriavidus necator strain H16 as a template. PCR was (1) 98 ° C. for 2 minutes, (2) 98 ° C. for 15 seconds, 60 ° C. for 30 seconds, 68 ° C. for 2 minutes for 25 cycles, and polymerase was KOD-plus- (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) Using. Similarly, PCR was performed using the primers represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4.
- PCR was performed under the same conditions using the two DNA fragments obtained by the above PCR as templates and using the primers represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 4, and the obtained DNA fragments were digested with the restriction enzyme SwaI.
- This DNA fragment was ligated with a vector pNS2X-sacB described in JP-A-2007-259708 digested with SwaI and DNA ligase (Ligation High, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), and upstream and downstream bases from the phaZ6 structural gene
- a plasmid vector pNS2X-phaZ6 (-+) for gene disruption having the sequence was prepared.
- PCR was performed under the same conditions using the primers represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6 using the genomic DNA of necator H16 strain as a template. Similarly, PCR was performed under the same conditions using the primers represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 and SEQ ID NO: 8. Furthermore, PCR was performed under the same conditions using the two DNA fragments obtained by the above PCR as templates and using the primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 5 and 8, and the obtained DNA fragments were digested with the restriction enzyme SwaI.
- This DNA fragment was ligated with a vector pNS2X-sacB described in JP-A-2007-259708 digested with SwaI and DNA ligase (Ligation High, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), and DNA upstream and downstream from the phaZ1 structural gene.
- a plasmid vector pNS2X-phaZ1 ( ⁇ +) for gene disruption having the sequence was prepared.
- PCR was performed under the same conditions using the primers shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10 using the genomic DNA of necator H16 strain as a template. Similarly, PCR was performed under the same conditions using the primers represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 12. Furthermore, PCR was performed under the same conditions using the two DNA fragments obtained by the above PCR as templates and using the primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 12, and the obtained DNA fragments were digested with the restriction enzyme SwaI.
- This DNA fragment was ligated with SwaI-digested vector pNS2X-sacB described in JP-A-2007-259708 and DNA ligase (Ligation High (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.)), and DNA upstream and downstream from the phaZ2 structural gene.
- a plasmid vector pNS2X-phaZ2 (-+) for gene disruption having the sequence was prepared.
- the plasmid vector pNS2X-phaZ6 ( ⁇ +) for gene disruption was introduced into E. coli strain S17-1 (ATCC 47055).
- the resulting Escherichia coli strain and KNK005 strain were mixed and cultured on a Nutrient Agar medium (Difco).
- the KNK005 strain is a strain in which a gene encoding a PHA synthase having the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 19 in the sequence listing is introduced into Cupriavidus necator H16 strain.
- KNK005 ⁇ phaZ6 strain By analysis by PCR, one strain from which the start codon to the stop codon of the phaZ6 gene on the chromosome were deleted was isolated from the obtained strains. This gene-disrupted strain was designated as KNK005 ⁇ phaZ6 strain. Further, in the same manner, using pNS2X-phaZ2 ( ⁇ +) with the KNK005 • phaZ6 strain as the parent strain, the phaZ6 gene from the start codon to the stop codon on the chromosome is deleted, and the 16th codon of the phaZ2 gene is further deleted. A chromosomal gene disruption strain KNK005 ⁇ phaZ2,6 lacking from to the stop codon was prepared.
- a plasmid for inserting a promoter and Shine-Dalgarno sequence (SD sequence) was prepared.
- PCR was performed under the same conditions using the primers shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 16, and the obtained DNA fragments were digested with the restriction enzyme SwaI.
- This DNA fragment was ligated with a vector pNS2X-sacB described in JP-A-2007-259708 digested with SwaI and DNA ligase (Ligation High, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), and a base sequence upstream from the phaJ4b structural gene, A plasmid vector pNS2X-sacB + phaJ4bU-trc-phaJ4b for DNA insertion having trc promoter, phaC1SD sequence, and phaJ4b structural gene sequence was prepared.
- Plasmid vector pNS2X-sacB + phaJ4bU-trc-phaJ4b for inserting promoter and SD sequence was introduced into E. coli strain S17-1 (ATCC 47055) by transformation.
- the obtained Escherichia coli strain and the above KNK005 ⁇ phaZ1, 2, 6 strain were mixed and cultured on a Nutrient Agar medium (manufactured by Difco).
- the latex having a solid content of 40% obtained above was coagulated and granulated with calcium chloride, dehydrated and dried to prepare a white powdery (meth) acrylate resin.
- Table 2 shows the theoretical glass transition temperature, number average particle diameter, number average molecular weight and monomer composition of each (meth) acrylate resin obtained.
- the primary particle size was set to the value shown in Table 2.
- the obtained suspension was dehydrated and dried to obtain a white powdery (meth) acrylate resin.
- Table 2 shows the theoretical glass transition temperature, number average particle diameter, number average molecular weight and monomer composition of the obtained (meth) acrylate resin.
- the meaning of the abbreviation of the (meth) acrylate resin in Table 2 will be described based on the abbreviation “N220-57-0.3” of the methacrylate resin obtained in Synthesis Example 8.
- the abbreviation consists of “N”, which is the first letter of the alphabet in the first stage, “220” in the second stage, “57” in the third stage, and “0.3” in the fourth stage.
- the first stage distinguishes polymerization methods, and N indicates an emulsion polymerization product.
- K suspension polymerized product”.
- the second row shows the weight average molecular weight (unit is 10,000) in terms of polystyrene.
- the third row shows the glass transition temperature (unit: ° C.).
- the fourth row shows the number average primary particle size (unit: ⁇ m).
- the main characteristics of the (meth) acrylate-based resin can be understood by abbreviations.
- Example 1 Preparation process of vinyl chloride resin compound 100 parts of vinyl chloride resin was 4000 g.
- a Henschel mixer Karla Super Mixer SM V20
- 100 parts of vinyl chloride resin MB1008 listed in Table 1
- a butyltin-containing sulfur stabilizer trade name: 2.0 parts of TVS # 1360 (manufactured by Nitto Kasei Co., Ltd.) was added over 1 minute. Thereafter, steam was introduced into the jacket of the mixer, and a high-speed stirring mode was started.
- Roll forming step The total 100 parts of vinyl chloride resin and polyhydroxyalkanoate was 150 g. Using a test roll consisting of an 8-inch front roll and an 8-inch rear roll, the roll temperature was set to 160 ° C. as shown in Table 3. This roll temperature is a temperature at which the vinyl chloride resin compound is wound around the roll within 30 seconds, and the molded product can be peeled off from the roll without any problem after roll forming is completed. Under conditions of a front roll rotation speed of 18 rpm and a rear roll rotation speed of 15 rpm, a vinyl chloride resin compound weighed so that the vinyl chloride resin content was 20 parts was added over 20 seconds. After the vinyl chloride resin compound was wound around the roll, it was kneaded for 2 minutes.
- the polyhydroxyalkanoate compound weighed so that the polyhydroxyalkanoate content is 80 parts is charged over 20 seconds, and the sheet-like melt stuck to the roll is directed from both the left and right to the center, using bamboo vera. And kneading for 4 minutes. After completion of the kneading, 12 seconds passed and the roll was stopped, cut into a sheet shape, and naturally cooled to obtain a sheet-like molded product having a thickness of 0.3 mm.
- Example 1 except that the compounding ratio of the vinyl chloride resin (MB1008) and the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA-2), the roll temperature in the roll molding step, and the press temperature in the press molding step were changed as shown in Table 3. In the same manner as above, a sheet-like molded body having a thickness of 1.0 mm was obtained and subjected to measurement of each characteristic.
- MB1008 vinyl chloride resin
- PHA-2 polyhydroxyalkanoate
- Example 6 to 8 and Comparative Examples 6 to 10 In the roll forming step, 5 parts (Example 6) with respect to 100 parts in total of the vinyl chloride resin and the polyhydroxyalkanoate in the vinyl chloride resin compound weighed so that the vinyl chloride resin content is 60 parts. An amount of glycerin plasticizer (trade name: Riquemar PL012, manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) in an amount of 10 parts (Example 7) or 15 parts (Example 8) was added and mixed to prepare a vinyl chloride resin-containing compound. Prepared.
- glycerin plasticizer trade name: Riquemar PL012, manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.
- Example 5 except that the vinyl chloride resin-containing compound is used instead of the vinyl chloride resin compound, and the roll temperature in the roll forming step and the press temperature at the press forming are changed as shown in Table 4.
- a sheet-like molded product having a thickness of 1.0 mm in Examples 6 to 8 was obtained, and a molded product having a thickness of 1.0 mm in Comparative Examples 6 to 10 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5. It was used for.
- Example 5 and Comparative Example 5 are shown again.
- a tensile elastic modulus of 1000 MPa or less and a tensile elongation of 100% or more defined as the soft thermoplastic resin in the present invention can be expressed, and there is no problem with formability. It can be seen that ( ⁇ or more) and reduction of plasticizer migration (3 or more) are realized.
- Comparative Examples 5 to 10 in Table 4 exemplify a system in which a plasticizer is added to a vinyl chloride resin without using polyhydroxyalkanoate.
- the tensile modulus is 1000 MPa and the tensile modulus is 100% or more. It can be seen that reduction in agent transferability (3 or more) cannot be achieved at the same time.
- Examples 9 to 13 and Comparative Examples 11 to 13 The blending ratio (parts) of the (meth) acrylate resin was changed as shown in Table 5, and in Examples 11 to 13 and Comparative Example 13, N220-57-0.3 was used as the (meth) acrylate resin. Instead, a sheet-like molded product having a thickness of 1.0 mm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that N100-57-0.3 obtained in Synthesis Example 9 was used, and the properties were measured.
- Example 14 to 16 and Comparative Examples 14 to 18 N100-105-0.3 (Examples 14 to 16, Comparative Example 14) obtained in Synthesis Example 10 instead of N220-57-0.3 as a (meth) acrylate resin, obtained in Synthesis Example 12 N12-57-0.3 (Comparative Examples 15 to 16) or K100-57-50 (Comparative Examples 17 to 18) obtained in Synthesis Example 13 and the proportion of (meth) acrylate resin (parts) ) was changed as shown in Table 6, in the same manner as in Example 5, a 1.0 mm thick sheet-like molded body was obtained and subjected to measurement of each property.
- Example 17 to 18 and Comparative Examples 19 to 20 The blending ratio (parts) of the (meth) acrylate resin (N220-57-0.3) was changed as shown in Table 7, and the roll temperature in the roll molding step was 170 ° C. to 165 ° C. and in the press molding step. A sheet-like molded body having a thickness of 1.0 mm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the pressing temperature was changed from 175 ° C. to 170 ° C., and each characteristic was measured.
- Examples 19 to 21 and Comparative Examples 21 to 22 The blending ratio (parts) of (meth) acrylate resin (N220-57-0.3) was changed as shown in Table 7, and the roll temperature in the roll forming step was changed from 165 ° C. to 160 ° C. Except changing the press temperature in a process from 170 degreeC to 165 degreeC, it carried out similarly to Example 7, and obtained the sheet-like molded object of thickness 1.0mm, and used for the measurement of each characteristic.
- Example 22 instead of PHA-2 as the polyhydroxyalkanoate, except that PHA-1 (Example 22), PHA-3 (Example 23) or PHA-4 (Example 24) is used as shown in Table 8, In the same manner as in Example 4, a sheet-like molded body having a thickness of 1.0 mm was obtained and subjected to measurement of each characteristic. In Table 8, Example 4 is shown again.
- Example 5 except that PHA-5 (Example 25), PHA-6 (Example 26) or PHA-7 (Example 27) shown in Table 8 was used as the polyhydroxyalkanoate instead of PHA-2.
- PHA-5 Example 25
- PHA-6 Example 26
- PHA-7 Example 27
- Example 5 is shown again.
- Example 28 As a vinyl chloride resin, S1008 (Example 28), S1001 (Example 29), S1003 (Example 30) or KS2500 (Comparative Example 23) shown in Table 9 is used instead of MB1008, and the roll in the roll forming step A sheet-like molded product having a thickness of 1.0 mm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the temperature and the press temperature in the press-molding step were changed as shown in Table 9, and subjected to measurement of each property. In Table 9, Example 5 is shown again.
- Example 31 to 32 In the roll forming process, a vinyl chloride resin compound containing 60 parts of vinyl chloride resin and a polyhydroxyalkanoic acid ester compound containing 40 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate are put into a plastic bag at a rate of 3 times per second.
- a sheet-like molded product having a thickness of 1.0 mm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the blended material obtained by shaking by hand for 60 seconds was charged into a roll over 40 seconds and kneaded for 6 minutes. It used for the measurement of the characteristic.
- Example 4 Example 5, and Examples 22 to 27 in Table 8, the type of polyhydroxyalkanoate and the copolymer composition ratio are changed. Further, in Example 5, Example 28 to 30 and Comparative Example 23 in Table 9, the degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride resin was changed, and further, Example 5, Example 28, Example 31 and Example in Table 9 were changed. In Example 32, the molding method is changed, but if it is within the scope of the present invention, it exhibits a tensile elastic modulus of 1000 MPa or less, a tensile elongation of 100% or more, and excellent low plasticizer migration (3 or more). I understand.
- First-stage compound preparation step 100 parts was 4000 g. Henschel mixer (Kawata Super Mixer SM V20) is charged with 60 parts of vinyl chloride resin (S1001, S1008 or MB1008) listed in Table 10, and barium zinc stabilizer (product) (Name: AC-186, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) (3.0 parts) was added over 1 minute. Thereafter, steam was introduced into the jacket of the mixer, and a high-speed stirring mode was started.
- Pre-kneading step (preparing step of second-stage compound)
- a mixer with an air cooling function (trade name: Roller mixer R60, manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) is attached to a kneading evaluation apparatus (trade name: Labo Plast Mill C, model: Model 50C150, manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), and Banbury Used as a small mixer. 100 parts was 66 g.
- the mixer temperature of this machine was set to 100 ° C., and the entire amount of the first stage compound obtained above was charged while inching. After completion of the charging, the roller rotation was started after preheating for 1 minute.
- Roll forming process 1 As the equipment, a test roll consisting of an 8-inch front roll and an 8-inch rear roll was used as a mixing roll, and the front roll rotation speed was 25 rpm, the rear roll rotation speed was 23 rpm, and the roll interval was 0.5 mm. As shown in Table 10, the roll temperature was set to 165 ° C. (Example 40), 170 ° C. (Example 39) or 175 ° C.
- Examples 33 to 37 and the second-stage compound obtained in the pre-kneading step was 1 minute after completion of the pre-kneading process, roll it around a roll, knead for 3 minutes by using a take-bella to spread the sheet-like melt from both the left and right, and then continue the width-shifting
- the central part 3 cm was cut out in a “tasuki” shape and continuously transported to the roll forming step 2.
- Roll forming process 2 A test roll similar to that used in (3) was used as a calender roll, and the rotational speed was the same as in (3). As shown in Table 10, the roll temperature was set to the roll temperature of roll forming step 1 ⁇ 10 ° C., and the “tasuki” molten resin transported from roll forming step 1 was wound around the roll, and the sheet thickness was set to 0.00. After adjusting a roll space
- melt resin transportability is an index of ease of transport when the cut “tasuki” melt is transported to the roll forming step 2 in the roll forming step 1.
- ⁇ Melt viscosity of melt If the melt tension is too low and you try to transport it, it will be difficult to transport it because the "tasuki" molten resin will grow too much
- the roll adhesiveness is an index of ease of peeling from the roll metal surface when the sheet-like melt is cut out in the roll forming step 2.
- ⁇ The sheet-like melt peeled off without any resistance.
- ⁇ The sheet-like melt peeled off without any problem.
- ⁇ Although there was resistance, the sheet-like melt was peeled.
- ⁇ The sheet-like melt was peeled off the roll metal surface. Stick and do not peel
- ⁇ Transparency> The sheet-like molded product is colorless and transparent, and the background is clear. ⁇ : The sheet-like molded product is transparent to some extent, but the background is blurred. ⁇ : The sheet-like molded product is cloudy and the background is difficult to see.
- Examples 37 to 38 Using the vinyl chloride resin shown in Table 10, the roll temperature and the press temperature are set as shown in Table 10, and (2) the pre-kneading step (the preparation step of the second stage compound) is as follows. In the same manner as in Example 33, production and evaluation of a sheet-like molded body were carried out, except for carrying out.
- Example 33 to 37 By comparing Examples 33 to 37, by adding 5 to 30 parts (12.5 to 75% of the total amount) of polyhydroxyalkanoate to the first-stage compound, the physical properties and moldability are enhanced. A compatible sheet-like molded body can be obtained. Further, comparing Example 35 and Examples 38 to 40, it can be seen that the vinyl chloride resin is a homopolymer, and the degree of polymerization is 750 or more and 1200 or less, particularly 900 to 1200.
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Abstract
Description
1)重合度が2000以下である塩化ビニル系樹脂15~65重量部とポリヒドロキシアルカノエート35~85重量部とを含む樹脂成分(A)100重量部に対し、(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂及びアクリロニトリルスチレン系樹脂よりなる群から選ばれる1種以上であって、ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量が40万以上である樹脂成分(B)を0.1~8重量部含む軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
上記1)の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物は、言い換えれば、重合度が2000以下である塩化ビニル系樹脂15~65重量部、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート35~85重量部の合計100重量部に対して、ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量が40以上である(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂、アクリロニトリルスチレン系樹脂よりなる群から選ばれる1種以上を0.1~8重量部含むものである。
3)前記コポリマーが、3-ヒドロキシブチレートから誘導されたモノマーユニットと、それ以外のヒドロキシアルカノエートから誘導されたモノマーユニットと、を含む上記2)記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。ここで、3-ヒドロキシブチレートから誘導されたモノマーユニットとは、3-ヒドロキシブチレートの水酸基から水素原子が取り除かれ、かつカルボキシル基から水酸基が取り除かれた2価基である。同様に、ヒドロキシアルカノエートから誘導されたモノマーユニットとは、ヒドロキシアルカノエートの水酸基から水素原子が取り除かれ、かつカルボキシル基から水酸基が取り除かれた2価基である。
4)3-ヒドロキシブチレート以外の前記ヒドロキシアルカノエートが、4-ヒドロキシブチレート、3-ヒドロキシバリレート、3-ヒドロキシヘキサノエート、3-ヒドロキシオクタノエート及び3-ヒドロキシデカノエートよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である上記3)記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
5)前記コポリマーが、前記3-ヒドロキシブチレートから誘導されたモノマーユニットを50~95mol%含むものである上記3)又は4)記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
6)樹脂成分(B)の数平均一次粒子径が40μm以下である上記1)~5)のいずれか1つに記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
7)1mm厚みの成形体のHAZEが50%以下である上記1)~6)のいずれか1つに記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
8)上記1)~7)のいずれか1つに記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物からなる成形体。
9)上記8)に記載の成形体からなるシートまたはフィルム。
本発明の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物(以下、単に「本発明樹脂組成物」と称することがある。)は、塩化ビニル系樹脂及びポリヒドロキシアルカノエートを含む樹脂成分(A)と、(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂及びアクリロニトリルスチレン系樹脂よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であって、ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量が40万以上である樹脂成分(B)を含む。
樹脂成分(A)は、重合度が2000以下である塩化ビニル系樹脂とポリヒドロキシアルカノエートとを含み、好ましくは、重合度が2000以下である塩化ビニル系樹脂とポリヒドロキシアルカノエートとからなる。
本発明樹脂組成物は、樹脂成分(B)として、ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量が40万以上である(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂及びアクリロニトリルスチレン系樹脂よりなる群から選ばれる1種以上を用いる。本発明において、(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂とは、特に断らない限りはメタアクリレート系樹脂、アクリレート系樹脂の両方もしくはいずれか一方を意味する。
量の測定方法は特に限定されないが、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(GPC)を利用した測定方法が好ましい。該測定方法の一例としては、移動相としてテトラハイドロフラン、システムとして東ソー(株)製GPCシステム(商品名:HLC-8220GPC)、カラム充填剤として東ソー(株)製TSKguradcolumn SuperHZ-H、TSKgel SuperHZM-H(商品名、ポリスチレンゲル)をそれぞれ用いる方法が挙げられ、この方法により、ポリスチレン換算での重量平均分子量を求めることができる。(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂、アクリロニトリルスチレン系樹脂がテトラハイドロフランに溶解し難い場合は、移動相として用いる溶媒を適宜変更することができる。
る。
本発明においては、塩化ビニル系樹脂はポリヒドロキシアルカノエートで十分に軟質化させることができるが、必要であれば、本発明樹脂組成物の可塑剤移行性を高めない範囲で可塑剤を助剤的に併用し、該樹脂組成物のより一層の軟質化、更に該樹脂組成物への耐寒性の付与等を図ることができる。可塑剤移行性を高めないという観点から、可塑剤の配合量は、樹脂成分(A)100重量部に対し、好ましくは22重量部以下、より好ましくは18重量部以下、より一層好ましくは12重量部以下、更に好ましくは7重量部以下、特に好ましくは3重量部以下である。
本発明樹脂組成物は、その優れた軟質性、透明性、成形加工性等を損なわない範囲で、塩化ビニル系樹脂用安定剤を含有することができる。塩化ビニル系樹脂は分解温度が比較的低いため、塩化ビニル系樹脂用安定剤を含むことが好ましい。塩化ビニル系樹脂用安定剤としては公知のものを用いることができる。例えば、金属石けん系安定剤、鉛塩系安定剤、金属液状安定剤、有機錫系安定剤、非金属系安定剤よりなる群から選ばれる1種以上の塩化ビニル系樹脂用安定剤を用いることができる。
本発明樹脂組成物には、本発明の効果を害さない範囲内で、必要に応じて、公知の配合剤、樹脂成分(A)及び樹脂成分(B)以外の熱可塑性樹脂、エラストマーよりなる群から選択される1種以上を添加することができる。
配合剤としては、樹脂組成物に通常添加される配合剤を特に限定なく使用でき、例えば、充填剤、補強材、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、滑剤、安定剤、着色剤、抗菌・防カビ剤、表面処理剤、防蟻剤、ねずみ他の忌避剤、付香剤、離型剤、流動性改質剤、相溶化剤、溶融粘度調整剤、光拡散剤、防汚剤、防曇剤、結晶核剤、赤外線吸収剤等が挙げられる。
なお、上記した各配合剤は、それぞれ1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。
本発明に用いることができる、樹脂成分(A)及び樹脂成分(B)以外の好ましい熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエステル系樹脂;ポリカーボネート系樹脂;ポリアミド系樹脂;ポリアセタール樹脂;ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂;ポリケトン樹脂;ポリオレフィン系樹脂;ジエン化合物、マレイミド化合物、芳香族アルケニル化合物、メタクリル酸エステル、アクリル酸エステル、及びシアン化ビニル化合物よりなる群から選ばれる1種以上のビニル単量体を重合もしくは共重合させて得られるビニル系重合体もしくは共重合体樹脂;が挙げられる。これらは単独で、あるいは2種以上をブレンドして用いることができる。
エラストマーとしては、天然ゴム及び合成ゴムを特に限定なく用いることができる。合成ゴムとしては、例えば、ブチルアクリレートゴム、エチルアクリレートゴム、オクチルアクリレートゴム等のアクリルゴム、ブタジエン-アクリロニトリル系共重合体等のニトリルゴム、クロロプレンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、イソプレンゴム、イソブチレンゴム、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム、メチルメタクリレート-ブチルアクリレートブロック共重合体、スチレン-イソブチレンブロック共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエンブロック共重合体、水添スチレン-ブタジエンブロック共重合体、エチレン-プロピレン共重合体(EPR)、水添エチレン-ブタジエン共重合体(EPDM)、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン-酢酸ビニル-一酸化炭素共重合体、ポリウレタン、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレン、シリコーンゴム(ミラブル型、室温加硫型等)、ブチルゴム、フッ素ゴム、オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー、ウレタン系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリアミド系熱可塑性エラストマー、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマー、フッ素系熱可塑性エラストマー等が挙げられる。
本発明では、樹脂成分(A)である塩化ビニル系樹脂、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエートと、樹脂成分(B)であるポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量が40万以上である(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂及びアクリロニトリルスチレン系樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種並びに、必要に応じて可塑剤、塩化ビニル系樹脂用安定剤、配合剤、樹脂成分(A)及び樹脂成分(B)以外の熱可塑性樹脂、エラストマー等から選ばれる少なくとも1種を原料として用い、前記した各原料を公知の方法でコンパウンド化することにより本発明樹脂組成物を得ることができ、更に得られた本発明樹脂組成物を公知の方法で成形加工することができる。
チ成形法、ガスインクジェクション成形法等)、押出成形法、インフレーション成形法
、Tダイフィルム成形法、ラミネート成形法、ブロー成形法、中空成形法、圧縮成形法、
カレンダー成形法、回転成形法、トランスファー成形法、真空成形法、パウダースラッシ
ュ成形法、キャスト成形法等が挙げられる。
後述のプレス成形により得られた厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体のHAZEを、JIS K 7136に基づき、ヘイズメーター(日本電色工業(株)製、型式:NDH2000)によりを測定した。
プレス成形により得られた厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体の引張破断応力、引張破断伸び及び引張弾性率をJIS K 6251に基づいて測定した。試験片形状は、ダンベル2号片、テストスピードは500mm/minとした。
プレス成形により得られた厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を、黒色PMMAプレートの間にはさみ、1MPaの圧力をかけ、80℃の恒温室で6時間保持した。その後、黒色PMMAプレートから成形体をはがし、黒色PMMAプレートの白さ加減により1~4までランク分けし、相対比較を行った。4が最も良く、ほとんど白くならないのに対し、1が最も悪く、可塑剤移行性が非常に高いことにより、真っ白である。3以上であれば可塑剤移行は問題ないレベルである。
ロール成形により得られたシート状成形体の外観を目視で観察し、下記の基準で評価した。エアーマークとは、混練により巻き込まれたエアーが、ロール間を通過する時に、抜けきれず、気泡となって、シート成形体に残存する成形不良のことである。また、フローマークとは、ロール間にできている樹脂溜まり(ロールバンクとも呼ぶ)の形状がロール間通過後も、緩和しきれず残り、シート状成形体に流動模様が残る成形不良である。
◎:エアーマークが認められず、質感の高い美麗な外観を有している。
〇:エアーマークが認められず、一般的な軟質樹脂の成形体としては十分な外観を有している。
△:注意深くみるとエアーマークが認められるが、一般的な軟質樹脂の成形体としては実使用可能な外観を有している。
×:エアーマークが認められ、表面には部分的に微細な凹凸があり、外観も不十分である。
◎:フローマークが認められず、質感の高い美麗な外観を有している。
〇:フローマークが認められず、一般的な軟質樹脂の成形体としては十分な外観を有している。
△:注意深くみるとフローマークが認められるが、一般的な軟質樹脂の成形体としては実使用可能な外観を有している。
×:フローマークが認められ、表面には部分的に微細な凹凸があり、外観も不十分である。
ここでいうブツとは、シート状成形体を目視で見て確認できる未溶融樹脂のことであり、○(未溶融樹脂が実用上問題ない程度しか存在しない)と×(未溶融樹脂が目視により容易に確認でき、実用上問題あり)の2段階で判定を行った。
ポリエステル生産菌株にはKNK-631株(国際公開第2009/145164号公報参照)を用いた。培養は以下のように行った。種母培地の組成は、肉エキス:1w/v%、Bacto(商標名)-Trypton(カゼイントリプトン、Difco社製):1w/v%、酵母エキス:0.2w/v%、Na2PO4・12H2O:0.9w/v% 、KH2PO4:0.15w/v%(pH6.8)、カナマイシン硫酸塩:5×10-6w/v%とした。
リン酸塩水溶液を培養20時間目以降、C/P比が600~800となるような流速にて連続的に添加した以外は、合成例1と同様にして、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシブチレート-コ-3-ヒドロキシヘキサノエート)としてPHA-3を得た。合成例2において、3HB比率が89mol%、重量平均分子量50万のP3HB3HH(PHA-3)が得られた。
KNK-631株の代わりにKNK-005株(米国特許第7384766号公報参照)を用い、炭素源としてパームダブルオレイン油を用いた以外は、合成例2と同様にして、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシブチレート-コ-3-ヒドロキシヘキサノエート)としてPHA-4を得た。合成例3において、3HB比率が94mol%、重量平均分子量49万のP3HB3HH(PHA-4)が得られた。
培養生産にはKNK-005 trc-phaJ4b・ΔphaZ1,2,6株を用い
た。本菌株の作製は以下のように行った。
親株としてpNS2X-phaZ2(-+)を用いて、染色体上のphaZ6遺伝子の開始コドンから終止コドンまでを欠失し、さらにphaZ2遺伝子の16番目のコドンから終止コドンまでを欠失した染色体遺伝子破壊株KNK005 ΔphaZ2,6株を作製した。さらに、同様の方法で、KNK005 ΔphaZ2,6株を親株としてpNS2X-phaZ1(-+)を用いて、染色体上のphaZ6遺伝子及びphaZ1遺伝子の開始コドンから終止コドンまでを欠失し、さらにphaZ2遺伝子の16番目のコドンから終止コドンまでを欠失した遺伝子破壊株KNK005 ΔphaZ1,2,6株を作製した。
合成例1~4で得られたPHA-1~-4における3-ヒドロキシブチレート(3HB)のモル比率及び重量平均分子量を表1に示す。
<ポリ[(3-ヒドロキシブチレート)-コ-(4-ヒドロキシブチレート)](P3HB4HB)の合成>
生産菌株として、ラルストニア・ユートロファ(Ralstonia eutropha H16(ATCC17699、旧名Alcaligenes eutrophus
H16))を用いて、特公平8-19227号公報に記載の方法に従って3種のP3HB4HB(PHA-5~-7)を合成した。
温度計、攪拌機、還流冷却器、窒素流入口、モノマーと乳化剤の添加装置を有する耐圧重合器に、脱イオン水、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを仕込み、窒素気流中で攪拌しながら70℃に昇温した後、過硫酸カリウムを仕込んだ。30分経過後、減圧脱酸素、窒素加圧を行い、適切な溶存酸素濃度とした後、表2に記載のモノマー混合物を25部/時間の速度で添加した。また、モノマー混合物の添加開始から60分目、120分目、240分目にラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを0.3部添加した。モノマー混合物添加終了後、1時間撹拌を続けた後、ホルムアルデヒドスルホキシル酸ナトリウム0.1部、tert-ブチルパーオキサイド0.1部を加えた。その後、1時間撹拌を続け、(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂ラテックスを得た。得られたラテックスの固形分濃度を40%に調整した。なお、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウムの最初の添加部数、過硫酸カリウムの添加部数、溶存酸素濃度を調整し、必要に応じて、tert-ドデシルメルカプタン(連鎖移動剤)をモノマー混合物に添加することで、(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂の数平均一次粒子径及び重量平均分子量を表2に記載のように調整した。
温度計、攪拌機、還流冷却器、窒素流入口、モノマーと分散剤の添加装置を有する耐圧重合器に、脱イオン水、二リン酸三カルシウム0.4部を仕込み、窒素気流中で攪拌しながら40℃に昇温した。30分経過後、減圧脱酸素、窒素加圧を行い、適切な溶存酸素濃度とした後、表2に記載のモノマー混合物にジラウロイルパーオキサイドを溶解させたものを100部一括で添加した。その後、30分撹拌を続け、ポリビニルアルコールを0.25部添加し、適切な液滴粒子径となるように、適切な撹拌数で30分撹拌を続けた。その後、ゲル効果による、発熱、転化率上昇を確認した後、重合温度を80℃に上げ、転化率が97%以上になるまで撹拌を続け、(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂懸濁液を得た。該懸濁液の固形分濃度を30%に調整した。また、溶存酸素濃度、ラウロイルパーオキサイドの添加部数を調整し、tert-ドデシルメルカプタン(連鎖移動剤)をモノマー混合物に添加混合することで重量平均分子量を、また、撹拌数を調整することで数平均一次粒子径を表2に記載の値とした。得られた懸濁液を脱水、乾燥し、白色粉末状の(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂を得た。得られた(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂の理論ガラス転移温度、数平均粒子径、数平均分子量及びモノマー組成を表2に示す。
(1)塩化ビニル系樹脂コンパウンドの調製工程
塩化ビニル系樹脂100部を4000gとした。ヘンシェルミキサー((株)カワタ製スーパーミキサーSM V20)に、表1に記載の塩化ビニル系樹脂(MB1008)100部を投入し、低速撹拌モードにて、ブチル錫含有硫黄系安定剤(商品名:TVS#1360、日東化成(株)製)2.0部を1分かけて投入した。その後、ミキサーのジャケットに蒸気を導入し、高速撹拌モードを開始した。コンパウンド温度が60℃に到達した時点で撹拌を一旦停止し、高分子複合エステル系外部滑剤(商品名:Loxiol G70S、BASFジャパン(株)製)0.4部、ポリオールエステル系内部滑剤(商品名:Loxiol GH4、BASFジャパン(株)製)0.5部を投入した。再度、高速撹拌モードを開始し、コンパウンド温度が90℃に達した時点で一旦停止し、表2記載の(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂(N220-57-0.3)1.0部を投入した。再度、高速撹拌モードを開始し、コンパウンド温度が105℃に達した時点で、撹拌を停止した。その後、ジャケットに導入していた蒸気を止め、ミキサーのジャケットに水を導入し、低速撹拌モードを開始した。コンパウンド温度が80℃になるまで冷却し、払出口を開き、コンパウンドを回収した。
ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート100部を4000gとした。表1記載のポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(PHA-2)100部、高分子複合エステル系外部滑剤(Loxiol G70S)0.4部、ポリオールエステル系内部滑剤(Loxiol GH4)0.5部、表2記載の(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂(N220-57-0.3)1.0部をヘンシェルミキサーに投入し、常温下、高速撹拌モードで1分間、撹拌混合したのち、払出口を開き、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエートコンパウンドを調製した。
塩化ビニル系樹脂とポリヒドロキシアルカノエートの合計100部は150gとした。8インチ前ロールと8インチ後ロールとからなるテストロールを用い、表3記載のようにロール温度を160℃に設定した。このロール温度は塩化ビニル系樹脂コンパウンドが30秒以内にロールに巻き付き、ロール成形終了後に成形体がロールから、問題なくはがれる温度である。前ロール回転数18rpm、後ロール回転数15rpmの条件下で、塩化ビニル系樹脂分が20部になるように秤量した塩化ビニル系樹脂コンパウンドを20秒かけて投入した。塩化ビニル系樹脂コンパウンドがロールに巻き付いてから、2分間混練した。その後、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート分が80部となるように秤量したポリヒドロキシアルカノエートコンパウンドを20秒かけて投入し、ロールにまきついたシート状溶融体を左右両方から中心に向けて、タケベラを用いて幅寄せすることによって、4分間混練を実施した。混練終了後、12秒を経過してロールを止め、シート状に切りだし、自然冷却し、厚さ0.3mmのシート状成形体を得た。
ロール成形にて得られたシート状成形体を複数枚のシートに切断し、重ねて、上記ロール成形におけるロール温度よりも5℃高い加熱温度に設定した加熱プレス機にはさみ、8分間予熱後、30秒かけて50MPaまで圧力をかけ、そのまま2分間保持した。その後、圧力を解放し、すぐに冷却プレス機にはさみ、50MPaの圧力をかけ、そのまま15分間冷却し、厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。
塩化ビニル系樹脂(MB1008)とポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(PHA-2)との配合比率、ロール成形工程のロール温度及びプレス成形工程のプレス温度を表3に示すように変更する以外は、実施例1と同様にして、厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。
ロール成形工程において、塩化ビニル系樹脂分が60部になるように秤量した塩化ビニル系樹脂コンパウンドに、塩化ビニル系樹脂とポリヒドロキシアルカノエートとの合計100部に対して5部(実施例6)、10部(実施例7)又は15部(実施例8)となる量のグリセリン系可塑剤(商品名:リケマールPL012、理研ビタミン(株)製)を添加混合して塩化ビニル系樹脂含有コンパウンドを調製した。塩化ビニル系樹脂コンパウンドに代えて前記塩化ビニル系樹脂含有コンパウンドを用い、かつ、ロール成形工程のロール温度及びプレス成形時のプレス温度を表4に示すように変更する以外は、実施例5と同様にして実施例6~8の厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、また比較例5と同様にして比較例6~10の厚さ1.0mmの成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。表4には、実施例5及び比較例5を再掲した。これらの結果より、本発明の範囲内であれば、本発明における軟質熱可塑性樹脂として定義される1000MPa以下の引張弾性率、100%以上の引張伸びを発現させることができ、問題のない成形性(△以上)と可塑剤移行性の低減化(3以上)を実現していることが分かる。
(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂の配合割合(部)を表5に記載のように変更し、かつ、実施例11~13及び比較例13では(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂としてN220-57-0.3に代えて合成例9で得られたN100-57-0.3を用いる以外は、実施例5と同様にして、厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。
(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂としてN220-57-0.3に代えて合成例10で得られたN100-105-0.3(実施例14~16、比較例14)、合成例12で得られたN12-57-0.3(比較例15~16)又は合成例13で得られたK100-57-50(比較例17~18)を用い、かつ、(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂の配合割合(部)を表6に記載のように変更する以外は、実施例5と同様にして、厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。
(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂(N220-57-0.3)の配合割合(部)を表7に記載のように変更し、かつロール成形工程におけるロール温度を170℃から165℃及びプレス成形工程におけるプレス温度を175℃から170℃にそれぞれ変更する以外は、実施例4と同様にして、厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。
(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂(N220-57-0.3)の配合割合(部)を表7に記載のように変更し、かつ、ロール成形工程におけるロール温度を165℃から160℃に及びプレス成形工程におけるプレス温度を170℃から165℃に変更する以外は、実施例7と同様にして、厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。
ポリヒドロキシアルカノエートとしてPHA-2に代えて、表8に示すようにPHA-1(実施例22)、PHA-3(実施例23)又はPHA-4(実施例24)を用いる以外は、実施例4と同様にして、厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。なお、表8には実施例4を再掲した。
ポリヒドロキシアルカノエートとして、PHA-2に代えて表8に示すPHA-5(実施例25)、PHA-6(実施例26)又はPHA-7(実施例27)を用いる以外は、実施例5と同様にして、厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。なお、表8には実施例5を再掲した。
塩化ビニル系樹脂として、MB1008に代えて表9に示すS1008(実施例28)、S1001(実施例29)、S1003(実施例30)又はKS2500(比較例23)を用い、かつロール成形工程におけるロール温度及びプレス成形工程におけるプレス温度を表9に記載のように変更する以外は、実施例5と同様にして、厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。なお、表9には実施例5を再掲した。
ロール成形工程において、塩化ビニル系樹脂60部を含む塩化ビニル系樹脂コンパウンドと、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート40部を含むポリヒドロキシアルカン酸エステルコンパウンドとをビニール袋に投入し、1秒間に3回の速度で60秒間、手で振動させてブレンドしたものを40秒かけてロールに投入し、6分間混練したことを除き、実施例5と同様にして厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体を得、各特性の測定に供した。
(1)1段目コンパウンドの調製工程
100部を4000gとした。ヘンシェルミキサー((株)カワタ製スーパーミキサーSM V20)に、表10に記載の塩化ビニル系樹脂(S1001、S1008又はMB1008)60部を投入し、低速撹拌モードにて、バリウム亜鉛系安定剤(商品名:AC-186、(株)ADEKA製)3.0部を1分かけて投入した。その後、ミキサーのジャケットに蒸気を導入し、高速撹拌モードを開始した。コンパウンド温度が60℃に到達した時点で撹拌を一旦停止し、高分子複合エステル系外部滑剤(商品名:Loxiol G70S、BASFジャパン(株)製)0.4部、エルカ酸アミド(商品名:ニュートロンS、日本精化(株)製)0.5部を投入した。再度、高速撹拌モードを開始し、コンパウンド温度が90℃に達した時点で一旦停止し、表10記載の(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂(N220-57-0.3)3.0部及び1段目コンパウンド分のポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(PHA-2)を投入した。再度、高速撹拌モードを開始し、コンパウンド温度が105℃に達した時点で、撹拌を停止した。その後、ジャケットに導入していた蒸気を止め、ミキサーのジャケットに水を導入し、低速撹拌モードを開始した。コンパウンド温度が80℃になるまで冷却し、払出口を開き、1段目コンパウンドを回収した。
混練評価装置(商品名:ラボプラストミルC、型式:モデル50C150、(株)東洋精機製作所製)に空冷機能付ミキサー(商品名:ローラミキサR60型、(株)東洋精機製作所製)を取り付け、バンバリーミキサーの小型機として使用した。100部を66gとした。本機のミキサー温度を100℃とし、インチングをしながら、上記で得られた1段目コンパウンドの全量を投入した。投入完了後、1分の予熱を経て、ローラの回転を開始した。開始後、1分かけて、回転数100rpmまで上げ、その後、100rpmを保持し、樹脂温度計が155℃を示した段階で、一旦、回転を停止し、インチングしながら2段目コンパウンド分のポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(PHA-2)を投入した。その後、再び、100rpmで回転を開始し、再び樹脂温度計が155℃を示した段階で、前練後コンパウンドを排出した。以上の操作を同様の機器を3機並行で使用して、66gの3倍量に相当する198gの2段目コンパウンドを得た。
機器としては8インチ前ロールと8インチ後ロールとからなるテストロールをミキシングロールとして用い、前ロール回転数25rpm、後ロール回転数23rpm、ロール間隔0.5mmとした。表10記載のようにロール温度を165℃(実施例40)、170℃(実施例39)又は175℃(実施例33~37)に設定し、前練工程で得られた2段目コンパウンドを前練工程終了後1分後に投入し、ロールに巻き付かせ、シート状溶融体を左右両方から中心に向けて、タケベラを用いて幅寄せすることによって3分間混練した後、幅寄せを続けながら、中心部3cmを「たすき状」に切り出し、連続的にロール成形工程2に輸送した。
(3)で用いたものと同様のテストロールをカレンダーロールとして用い、(3)と同様の回転数とした。表10記載のようにロール温度をロール成形工程1のロール温度-10℃に設定し、ロール成形工程1から輸送される「たすき状」溶融樹脂を、ロールに巻き付かせ、シート厚みが0.15mmになるようにロール間隔を調整したのち、シート状溶融体を切り出し、シート状成形体を得た。
実施例1と同様に実施した。
以下の指標に基づき、ロール粘着性、溶融樹脂輸送性、透明性を評価した。エアーマーク、フローマーク、ブツは実施例1同様に、また、引張試験と可塑剤移行性試験は「プレス成形により得られた厚さ1.0mmのシート状成形体」を用いる代わりに、「ロール成形工程2によって得られた0.15mmシート状成形体」を使用すること以外は、実施例1と同様に実施した。
溶融樹脂輸送性は、ロール成形工程1において、切り出した「たすき状」溶融体をロール成形工程2に輸送する際の輸送のしやすさの指標である。
◎:溶融体に適度な溶融粘度・溶融張力があり、問題なく輸送できた。
○:溶融体の溶融粘度・溶融張力が低めだが、輸送することができた
△:溶融体の溶融粘度・溶融張力が低すぎるが、何とか輸送することができた
×:溶融体の溶融粘度・溶融張力が低すぎて、輸送しようとすると、「たすき状」溶融樹脂が伸びすぎてしまい、輸送することが困難である
ロール粘着性は、ロール成形工程2において、シート状溶融体を切り出す際のロール金属面からのはがれやすさの指標である。
◎:シート状溶融体が何の抵抗もなくはがれた
○:シート状溶融体が問題なくはがれた
△:抵抗はあるものの、シート状溶融体がはがれた
×:シート状溶融体がロール金属面に粘着し、はがれない
○:シート状成形体は無色透明であり、背景がくっきり見える
△:シート状成形体はある程度透明であるが、背景がぼやけてみえる
×:シート状成形体が白濁しており、背景が見えにくい
表10に記載の塩化ビニル系樹脂を用い、ロール温度及びプレス温度を表10に記載のように設定し、かつ、(2)前練工程(2段目コンパウンドの調製工程)を下記のようにして実施する以外は、実施例33と同様にして、シート状成形体の作製及び評価を実施した。
実施例33と同様のバンバリーミキサーの小型機を用いた。また、100部を66gとした。本機のミキサー温度を100℃とし、インチングをしながら、1段目コンパウンドの全量を投入した。投入完了後、1分の予熱を経て、ローラの回転を開始した。開始後、1分かけて、回転数100rpmまで上げ、その後、100rpmを保持したが、10分経過しても、樹脂温度計が155℃に到達しなかった。引き続き、2段目コンパウンド分のポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(PHA-2)を投入した。その後、再び、100rpmで回転を開始し、再び樹脂温度計が155℃を示した段階で、2段目コンパウンドを排出した。以上の操作を同様の機器を3機並行で使用して、66gの3倍量に相当する198gの前練後コンパウンドを得た。
Claims (9)
- 重合度が2000以下である塩化ビニル系樹脂15~65重量部とポリヒドロキシアルカノエート35~85重量部とを含む樹脂成分(A)100重量部に対し、(メタ)アクリレート系樹脂及びアクリロニトリルスチレン系樹脂よりなる群から選ばれる1種以上であって、ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量が40万以上である樹脂成分(B)を0.1~8重量部含む軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記ポリヒドロキシアルカノエートが2種以上のヒドロキシアルカノエートから誘導されたモノマーユニットから構成されるコポリマーである請求項1記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記コポリマーが、3-ヒドロキシブチレートから誘導されたモノマーユニットと、それ以外のヒドロキシアルカノエートから誘導されたモノマーユニットと、を含む請求項2記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 3-ヒドロキシブチレート以外の前記ヒドロキシアルカノエートが、4-ヒドロキシブチレート、3-ヒドロキシバリレート、3-ヒドロキシヘキサノエート、3-ヒドロキシオクタノエート及び3-ヒドロキシデカノエートよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項3記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記コポリマーが、前記3-ヒドロキシブチレートから誘導されたモノマーユニットを50~95mol%含むものである請求項3又は4記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 前記樹脂成分(B)の数平均一次粒子径が40μm以下である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 1mm厚みの成形体のHAZEが50%以下である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の軟質熱可塑性樹脂組成物からなる成形体。
- 請求項8に記載の成形体からなるシートまたはフィルム。
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JP2021116815A (ja) * | 2020-01-22 | 2021-08-10 | タイガースポリマー株式会社 | 可撓性ホース |
WO2022044836A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-03-03 | 株式会社カネカ | 樹脂フィルム、及び、該樹脂フィルムから形成される袋、手袋、結束材 |
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