JP7170544B2 - 半結晶性ポリ乳酸系フィルムを含むグラフィック物品 - Google Patents
半結晶性ポリ乳酸系フィルムを含むグラフィック物品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7170544B2 JP7170544B2 JP2018566820A JP2018566820A JP7170544B2 JP 7170544 B2 JP7170544 B2 JP 7170544B2 JP 2018566820 A JP2018566820 A JP 2018566820A JP 2018566820 A JP2018566820 A JP 2018566820A JP 7170544 B2 JP7170544 B2 JP 7170544B2
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Description
Rは独立して、同じであっても又は異なっていてもよいアルキル基であり、
R’はH又は(C1~C10)アシル基である]で表されるバイオ系クエン酸系可塑剤である。
H2C=CR1C(O)OR8
[式中、R1はH又はメチルであり、R8は1~22個の炭素を有するアルキル、又は2~20個の炭素及び酸素若しくは硫黄から選択される1~6個のヘテロ原子を有するヘテロアルキルである]を有し得る。アルキル基又はヘテロアルキル基は、直鎖、分枝、環状、又はこれらの組み合わせであり得る。
INGEO4032D-半結晶性ポリ乳酸(PLA)(2重量%のD-ラクチド;重量平均分子量約200,000g/モル)をNatureworks,LLC,Minnetonka,MNから購入した。
INGEO4060D-非晶質ポリ乳酸(PLA)(10重量%のD-ラクチド;重量平均分子量約180,000g/モル)をNatureworks,LLC,Minnetonka,MNから購入した。
VINNAPAS UW 4 FS-ポリ酢酸ビニル(Tg=42℃;重量平均分子量約280,000g/モル)をWacker,Germanyから入手した。
VINNAPAS UW 25 FS-ポリ酢酸ビニル(Tg=42℃;重量平均分子量約480,000g/モル)をWacker,Germanyから入手した。
CITROFLEX A4-アセチルクエン酸トリブチル可塑剤をVertellus Performance Materials,Bayonne,NJ.から入手した。
TEGMER 804-テトラエチレングリコールジエチルヘキサノエート可塑剤をHallstar,Chicago,IL.から入手した。
TEGMER809-PEG400ジエチルヘキサノエートエステル可塑剤をHallstar,Chicago,IL.から入手した。
ADMEX 6995-ポリマーアジペート可塑剤(重量平均分子量約3200g/モル)をEastman Chemical Company,Kingsport,TN.から入手した。
Ecopromote-フェニルホスフィン酸亜鉛、核形成剤は、Nissan Chemical Industrials(日本)から入手した。
TITANIUM DIOXIDE-二酸化チタンマスターバッチ(IngeoPLA4032Dに50重量%添加)をClariant Corporation,Minneapolis,MN.から入手した。
溶融混合
15cm3二軸小型混練機を含むホットメルト押出機(DSM XPLORE)内で、PLA、PVAc、可塑剤及び核形成剤を、100RPMで200℃にて10分間混合し、次いで、混合室の弁を開けて試料を回収することにより、試料を調製した。混練した試料を、80℃での経時劣化試験、示差走査熱分析(differential scanning calorimetry、「DSC」)特性決定に供し、引張試験用に溶融プレスしてフィルムにした。
10mil(約250マイクロメートル)厚のスペーサーを間に入れて、2枚のポリテトラフルオルエチレンシートの間に、混練した試料を挟んだ。テフロンシートを金属シートの間に挟んだ。間に試料を配置した金属シートを、(Carverから販売されている)液圧プレスの圧盤の間に挟み、圧盤を340°F(171℃)まで加熱した。各試料を、圧力をかけずに8分間予備加熱し、次いで、300ポンド/平方インチ(約2.1ニュートン/平方ミリメートル)の圧力で5分間プレスした。次いで、金属プレートを液圧プレスから取り出し、空気冷却させた。
経時劣化試験
混練した試料(約0.2グラム)をシンチレーションバイアルに入れて、経時劣化試験中に可塑剤が蒸発することを防ぎ、オーブン内で80℃にて24時間経時劣化させた。次いで、80℃で経時劣化させた後、可塑剤の移行があるかどうかを確認するために、試料表面を検査した。油性表面を有する試料は不合格とし、非油性表面を有する試料を合格とした。
各試料のガラス転移温度、結晶化温度、結晶化度は、特に指定がない限り、ASTM D3418-12に従って、TA INSTRUMENTS DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETERを使用して測定した。1回目の加熱走査において各試料(4~8mg)を10℃/分で-60℃から200℃まで加熱し、2分間保持して熱履歴を消去し、次いで、1回目の冷却走査において5℃/分で-60℃まで冷却させ、2回目の加熱走査において10℃/分で200℃まで加熱した。1回目の加熱走査を使用して、フィルムのTmを決定した。2回目の加熱走査を使用して、フィルムのTgを決定した。様々なパラメータを、以下に定義するとおりDSCから得た。
Tg- ASTM D3418-12においてTmgと記載されている、2回目の加熱走査の中間温度を指す。
Tc- ASTM D3418-12においてTpcと記載されている、1回目の冷却走査の結晶化ピーク温度を指す。
Tm1及びTm2-ASTM D3418-12においてそれぞれTpmと記載されている、1回目及び2回目の加熱走査の融解ピーク温度を指す。
ΔHnm2=ΔHm2-ΔHcc2
(式中、ΔHm2は、2回目の加熱走査の融解吸熱量の質量正規化エンタルピー(mass normalized enthalpy)であり、ΔHcc2は、(ASTM D3418-12の第11節に記載されている)2回目の加熱走査の結晶化発熱量の質量正規化エンタルピーである)核形成剤を含む組成物では、ΔHcc2は検出されなかったため、ΔHnm2=ΔHm2であった。
ΔHnm1=ΔHm1-ΔHcc1
(式中、ΔHm1は、1回目の加熱走査の融解吸熱量の質量正規化エンタルピーであり、ΔHcc1は、(ASTM D3418-12の第11節に記載されている)1回目の加熱走査の結晶化発熱量の質量正規化エンタルピーである)核形成剤を含むフィルムでは、ΔHcc1は検出されなかったため、ΔHnm1=ΔHm1であった。
フィルム試料を、0.5インチ(約1.2cm)幅のストリップに切断した。INSTRON3365引張試験機を用いて、フィルム押出しの機械方向(MD)及び横方向(TD)に沿って引張試験を行う。最初のグリップ距離は1インチ(約2.5cm)であり、引張速度は1インチ/分(約2.5cm/分)(すなわち、100%ひずみ/分)であった。5個の試料複製の平均として、試験結果を報告した。ASTM D882-10の11.3及び11.5節に記載されているように、引張強度(名目)、引張伸び(破断点伸び百分率)、及び引張弾性率を決定した。
TA Instrumentsから「DMA Q800」として販売されているフィルム引張固定治具を利用して、動的機械分析(DMA)を行い、フィルムの物理的特性について温度の関数として特性を決定した。試料を、2℃/分の速度、1ラジアン/秒の周波数及び0.1%の引張ひずみで、-40℃の温度から140℃まで加熱した。
ASTM D7305-08a「印刷物の反射濃度に関する標準試験方法」による絶対印刷濃度試験法及び測定ヘッド上に5mmの開口部を有するGRETAG SPM 50 LT分光濃度計を使用して、印刷性を評価した。較正プラークを使用して分光応答を較正し、2%以内の精度を有することが判明した。白色着色紙剥離ライナー上の25マイクロメートル(0.001インチ)厚アクリル系感圧接着剤層の積層体を、室温でニップロール積層し、以下のフィルムにして、接着剤及びフィルムの表面が一緒に接合してフィルム物品を形成するようにした。以下の様々なプリンタを使用して、少なくとも15cm2を覆う原色バーにより、フィルム物品の露出表面を印刷した。
・3M(商標)ピエゾインクジェットインクシリーズ1500v2を使用する VUTEK ULTRAVU II Model 150 SCプリンタ(EFI Corporation、Meredith,N.H.の一部門、VUTEKから入手)、
・Eco-Sol Max 2インクを使用するSOLJET PRO4 XR-640プリンタ(Roland DGA Corporation,Irvine,C.A.から入手)、
・HPラテックスインクを使用するHP LATEX 360プリンタ(The Hewlett-Packard Company,Palo Alto,C.A.から入手)。
二軸スクリュー押出機(ゾーン1:250°F又は121℃;ゾーン2及び3:390°F又は199℃;ゾーン4及び5:350°F又は177℃)及び水中ペレタイザーを使用して、以下の組成を有する予備混合及び易流動性PLAペレットを調製した。
Claims (11)
- 第1のフィルム層を含む物品であって、前記第1のフィルム層は、
半結晶性ポリ乳酸ポリマーを、単独で、又は非晶質ポリ乳酸ポリマーと組み合わせて含むポリ乳酸ポリマーと、
10~50重量%の範囲の量で存在する、25℃~50℃のTgを有するポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーと、
5~35重量%の範囲の量で存在する可塑剤と、
を含み、
前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマー及び前記可塑剤の重量は、前記ポリ乳酸ポリマー、ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマー及び可塑剤の総量を基準としたものであり、
前記第1のフィルム層は、80℃で24時間経時劣化させたときに可塑剤の移行を呈さず、
前記物品はグラフィックフィルムである、物品。 - 前記フィルム層の主表面に近接するグラフィックを含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記グラフィックが、前記フィルム層の主表面上に配置されている、請求項1又は2に記載の物品。
- 前記グラフィックが、乾燥及び/又は硬化したインク層を含む、請求項3に記載の物品。
- 前記インク層が、乾燥及び/若しくは硬化した放射線硬化インク、有機溶媒系インク、又は水系インクである、請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記グラフィック上に配置されたトップコート層か、又は接着剤層により前記グラフィックに接着しているカバーフィルムを更に含む、請求項2~5のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記カバーフィルムが、半結晶性ポリ乳酸ポリマーを含む、請求項6に記載の物品。
- 前記ポリ酢酸ビニルポリマーが、75,000g/モル~750,000g/モルの範囲の分子量を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 核形成剤を、0.01重量%~1重量%の範囲の量で更に含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記フィルムは、50%~600%の引張伸び、および50MPa~750MPaの引張弾性率を有する請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
- 前記フィルムが、以下の特性:
i)前記フィルムは、少なくとも-5℃および30℃未満のTgを有する、
ii)前記フィルムは、1回目の加熱走査で10J/gより大きく、かつ40J/g未満の、正味融解吸熱量ΔHnm1を有する、
iii)前記フィルムは、動的機械分析により決定される引張貯蔵弾性率が、2℃/分の速度で加熱したときに、-40℃~125℃の温度範囲で少なくとも10MPaおよび10,000MPa未満である、
iv)前記フィルムは、動的機械分析により決定される引張貯蔵弾性率が、2℃/分の速度で加熱したときに、25℃~80℃の温度範囲で少なくとも5、6、7、8、9又は10MPaである、
のいずれか1つ又は組み合わせによって更に特徴付けられる、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の物品。
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CN109312147A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
EP3472243B1 (en) | 2021-04-14 |
US20210198479A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
JP2019528327A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
EP3472243A4 (en) | 2020-01-22 |
US10982090B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
EP3835361A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
EP3835361B1 (en) | 2023-11-29 |
WO2017222824A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
EP3472243A1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
CN109312147B (zh) | 2021-04-16 |
US20190185662A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
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