JP2005539332A - 価値貯蔵カードをクレジット・カードに変換するためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents

価値貯蔵カードをクレジット・カードに変換するためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDF

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JP2005539332A
JP2005539332A JP2004543166A JP2004543166A JP2005539332A JP 2005539332 A JP2005539332 A JP 2005539332A JP 2004543166 A JP2004543166 A JP 2004543166A JP 2004543166 A JP2004543166 A JP 2004543166A JP 2005539332 A JP2005539332 A JP 2005539332A
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フレッド ビショップ，
トレイ ニーマン，
デービッド アーメス，
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アメリカン エクスプレス トラベル リレイテッド サービシーズ カンパニー， インコーポレイテッド
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/04—Payment circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
    • G06Q20/10—Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systems; specially adapted for home banking systems
    • G06Q20/108—Remote banking, e.g. home banking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/36—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
    • G06Q20/367—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using electronic wallets or electronic money safes involving electronic purses or money safes
    • G06Q20/3676—Balancing accounts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/02—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by keys or other credit registering devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/0806—Details of the card
    • G07F7/0833—Card having specific functional components

Abstract

第１の取引アカウント装置を第２の取引アカウント装置へと変換するための方法およびシステム。これらの方法およびシステムは、例えば価値貯蔵アカウントである第１の取引アカウント（６）に関連付けられ、あるいは該第１の取引アカウント（６）として定義されているカード（５）の番号（６）が、例えばクレジット・カード・アカウントである第２の取引アカウント（３）に関連付け直され、あるいは該第２の取引アカウント（３）として再定義される。

Description

本発明は、広くは、取引カード番号の関連付けを第１の種類のアカウントから第２の種類のアカウントへと移転させるためのシステムおよび方法に関する。とくに、本発明は、顧客が価値貯蔵カードに刻まれたカード番号などの既存のカード番号をホスト・システムへと送信し、アカウント番号を第１の取引アカウント（例えば、価値貯蔵アカウント）から第２の取引アカウント（例えば、クレジット・カード・アカウント）へと関連付け直し、さらに／または再定義させるよう要求できるようにする。
価値貯蔵カードおよびクレジット・カードは、既存の支払い／取引の仕組みにおいて使用することができる現金と同等の価値を提供する或る種の取引のための道具である。この２種類のカードに関連付けられたアカウントの間の相違は、金銭的価値がいつ利用可能になるのかという点にある。価値貯蔵カードは、プリペイド・カードまたはキャッシュ・カードと呼ばれることも多く、カードの使用が可能になるのに先立って、当該カードに関連付けられたアカウントに現金が預託される。顧客が、当該カードに関連付けられたアカウントに１０ドルの価値を預託したならば、このカードを１０ドルまでの支払いに使用することができる。対照的に、クレジット・カードは、現金によって裏付けされてはおらず、金融機関によって当該顧客へと発行された信用限度額によって裏付けされている。したがって、クレジット（または課金）カードの使用においては、顧客からの現金の支払いは、商店からの購入後、すなわち顧客が当該カードに関連付けられた信用限度額の使用について請求を回されたときに完了する。
価値貯蔵カードとクレジット／課金カードとの間のもう１つの相違は、カードの使用から生じる収益にある。価値貯蔵カードにおいては、金銭的価値が前払いされ、資金をカードへと載せる際に顧客に手数料が課されるが、この手数料は通常、均一の手数料であるか、あるいはカードへと載せる額のわずかな割合である。対照的に、クレジット・カードは、持ち主へと発行された信用限度額を表わしており、金利および／または利子は、通常は、各月の終わりにおいて未支払いの課金額（未払い残高）について課される。課される金利は、通常はこの残高の１０〜２５％のあたりである。したがって、クレジット・カードは、価値貯蔵カードよりも収益性が高いことが多い。しかしながら、価値貯蔵カードは取得がより容易であり、より多くの価値貯蔵カードが発行され、お金が預託され、日々使用されている。さらに、価値貯蔵カードは、流通における制約が少ない。例えば、５ドルの金銭的価値を有する価値貯蔵カードを、多数のさまざまな方法で顧客へと配布することができる（製品と一緒に送る、販売促進用に配布する、など）。対照的に、クレジット・カードまたは課金カードは、通常は、顧客の要求によってのみ顧客へと届けることができる。したがって、取引カード産業において直面する課題の１つは、流通上の制約を受け入れつつ、クレジット・カードまたは課金カードをいかにして最も効率的に潜在的な顧客のもとへと流通させるかにある。
クレジット・カードまたは課金カードに関する他の課題は、クレジット・カードの申し込みが完了して承認された時点から、顧客が取引用のカードを受け取るまでの間に、数日あるいは数週間をも要しうるという点にある。対照的に、顧客は、価値貯蔵カードを多数の販路で待ち時間なく購入することができる。したがって、クレジット・カードの申込者がより迅速に当該顧客のクレジット・カード・アカウントに対応する取引用の道具を手にすることができるようにするシステムまたは方法が必要とされている。
本発明は、広くは、カード番号を第１の取引アカウント（例えば、価値貯蔵アカウント）から第２の取引アカウント（例えば、クレジット・アカウント）へと関連付け直しする、あるいは再定義することによって、第１の取引アカウント装置（例えば、価値貯蔵アカウントに関連付けられたカード）を第２の取引アカウント装置（例えば、クレジット・カード・アカウントに関連付けられたカード）に変換するためのシステムおよび方法に関する。
本発明の典型的な方法は、第２の取引アカウントを確立する工程、第１の取引アカウントに関連付けられたカード番号を受け取る工程、ならびに、続いて前記カード番号を前記第２の取引アカウントへと関連付け直す工程からなる。本発明の他の典型的な方法は、第２の取引アカウントを確立する工程、第１の取引アカウントに一致するカード番号を受け取る工程、ならびに、前記第１の取引アカウントを前記第２の取引アカウントとして再定義し、次いで前記第１の取引アカウントを閉鎖する工程からなる。
本発明の以上の特徴および利点ならびにその他の特徴および利点を、添付の図および図面と同時に読むべき例証用の実施の形態に関する以下の詳細な説明にて説明する。添付の図および図面において、同様の目的にある同じまたは同様であるシステムの各部分および／または方法の各工程は、同様の参照符号を使用して示されている。
本発明の他の態様および特徴は、以下の詳細な説明から、さらに充分に明らかになるであろう。
以下の説明は、本発明の典型的な実施の形態に関するものであり、本発明の技術的範囲、適用可能性または構成を、いかなるかたちでも限定しようとするものではない。むしろ、以下の説明は、本発明の種々の実施の形態の実現を好都合に例証しようとするものである。これらの実施の形態において説明される各要素の機能および構成について、本発明の技術的思想および技術的範囲を離れることなく種々の変更が可能であることは、すぐに明らかになるであろう。
本発明は、初めは第１の取引アカウント装置（例えば、価値貯蔵カード）として使用されるただ１つのカード番号を、第２の取引アカウント装置（例えば、クレジット・カード）へと変更できるようにすることによって、従来技術の問題を克服する。典型的な実施の形態においては、ホスト・システム内で第１の取引アカウントに関連付けられているカードの番号（「カード番号」）が、ホスト・システム内で第２の取引アカウントに関連付け直される。他の実施の形態においては、初めは第１の取引アカウントに一致し、あるいは第１の取引アカウントとして定義されるカード番号が、ホスト・データベース・システム内で第２の取引アカウントとして再定義される。カード番号は、例えば、価値貯蔵アカウントまたはクレジット・カード・アカウントと同じでもよい。あるいは、カード番号は、プロキシ・アカウント番号と同じであってよく、ここでプロキシ・アカウントは、１つ以上のアカウントの代理として使用される。本件出願と同時に係属中であるＢｒｅｃｋらによる２００１年３月７日付の米国特許出願第０９／８００，４６１号「Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ Ｆｏｒ Ｆａｃｉｌｉｔａｔｉｎｇ ａ Ｔｒａｎｓａｃｔｉｏｎ」に、第２の取引番号（すなわち、プロキシ・アカウント）の使用を含む種々の取引処理システムが説明されており、この米国特許出願の内容の全体は、ここでの言及によって本明細書に組み込まれたものとする。
典型的な実施の形態においては、本発明のシステムにより、既存のカード番号を新規または既存のクレジット・カード・アカウントに関連付けることによって、顧客が、事実上リアルタイム環境でクレジット・カード装置を入手できるようになる。とくに、顧客の第１の取引アカウント装置（例えば、価値貯蔵カード）に刻まれたカード番号を、第１の取引アカウント（例えば、価値貯蔵アカウント）から第２の取引アカウント（例えば、クレジット・カード・アカウントまたは課金カード・アカウント）へと、ホスト・システム内で関連付け直すことができ、ここで第２の取引アカウントは、当該顧客によって築かれた信用限度額に関連付けられている。
ここで使用されるとき、「取引」は、あらゆる価値の交換または供給、データの交換または供給、価値またはデータの譲渡などを包含する。用語「取引」は、一者から他者へと行われる商品または役務と価値との交換を想定するのみならず、一者から他者へと行われるあらゆる譲渡も想定している。さらに、取引アカウント番号は、あらゆる種類の取引を容易にすべく使用されるアカウント番号を包含する。ここで使用されるとき、「カード番号」とは、随意により報酬カード、課金カード、クレジット・カード、デビット・カード、プリペイド・カード、テレフォン・カード、スマート・カード、磁気帯カード、バーコード・カード、トランスポンダ、および／または高周波カードなどに位置する例えば認証／アクセス・コード、個人識別番号（ＰＩＮ）、インターネット・コード、および／または他の識別コードなど、顧客がシステムと相互にやり取りまたは通信できるように適切に構成されたあらゆる装置、符号、番号、文字、記号、生体またはその他の識別子／印を包含する。用語「カード番号」を全体にわたって使用するが、番号が「カード」そのものに物理的に存在している必要はない。換言すれば、カード番号は、任意の手段によって顧客、商店、またはホストに通信される番号でよい。カード番号は、自身から第２の装置へとデータを伝送またはダウンロードすることができる任意の形式のプラスチック、電子、磁気、高周波、無線、聴覚、および／または光学装置に割り当てて記憶させることができる。
図１に示すとおり、本発明の典型的な実施の形態は、金融アカウント・データを処理するための種々のシステムまたはサブシステムからなるホスト・システム１０を備えている。これらのシステムは、商店５０の認証要求を処理し、取引の清算を容易にするためのシステムとして、この技術分野で広く知られている。
ホスト・システム１０は、商店の認証要求を処理し、取引の清算を容易にするため、適切に構成された任意のハードウェアおよび／またはソフトウェアを含んでいる。図１に示した本発明の典型的な実施の形態においては、ホスト・システム１０が、１人以上の顧客１および／または１つ以上の商店５０との通信を容易にすべく構成された１つ以上のインターフェイス・システム１２を有している。インターフェイス・システム１２は、通常は、顧客１および／または商店５０のデータを、カード認証システム（ＣＡＳ）２０および／または新規アカウント・システム（ＮＡＳ）１３へと経路付けして伝達すべく構成されている。さらに、ホスト・システム１０は、取引アカウントについてのサーバ・システムおよびデータベースを有している。これらのサーバ・システムは、例えば価値貯蔵アカウント・サーバ１４およびデータベース１５など第１の取引アカウント・システム、例えばクレジット・カード・アカウント・サーバ１８およびデータベース１９など第２の取引アカウント・システム、ならびに所望に応じ、例えばＳＴＮサーバ１６およびデータベース１７を含むプロキシ・アカウント・システムを含むことができる。以上述べた構成要素は、「前置処理用構成要素」と称することができ、取引を完了するための取引の認証を容易にする。ここで述べたあらゆるハードウェア、ソフトウェア、および／またはシステムを、１つのホストに備えることができ、あるいは多数の場所および存在へと分散してもよいことを、当業者であれば容易に想像できるであろう。
ホスト・システム１０の後尾構成要素には、取引の清算、すなわち商店５０への支払いおよび顧客１への請求を容易にすべく一般的に構成された任意のハードウェアおよび／またはソフトウェアが含まれる。これらの構成要素は通常、例えば、商店５０の領収書および課金概要を捕捉するための金融捕捉システム（ＦＩＮＣＡＰ）２２、アカウントの清算および顧客への請求のためのアカウント受取勘定システム２４、および商店５０への支払いのためのアカウント支払勘定システム２６を含んでいる。これらの後尾構成要素は、例えばＮＡＳ１３、ＣＡＳ２０などの１つ以上の前置構成要素と通信すべく構成できる。典型的な金融の仕組みにおいては、アカウント受取勘定システム２４が、クレジット・カード・システム１８を置き替えることができ、あるいはクレジット・カード・システム１８と同じ機能を実行することができる。
図１に示すように、プロキシ・アカウント番号を使用する典型的な価値貯蔵カード・システムにおいては、価値貯蔵カード５に刻まれたカード番号６（１２３４５６７８９１２３４５６７）が、ＳＴＮサーバ１６およびデータベース１７からなるプロキシ・システムにおいて、価値貯蔵アカウント（００００００００００００００００）に関連付けられる。顧客のカード５が買い物に使用されたとき、価値貯蔵アカウントに対しアクセスおよび請求が行なわれる。変換後には、プロキシ・システムにおいてカード番号６（１２３４５６７８９１２３４５６７）がクレジット・アカウント（９９９９９９９９９９９９９９９９）に関連付けられており、顧客のカード５が使用されたとき、クレジット・アカウントに課金がなされ、後に顧客に課金の請求が送られる。
ここに示して説明する特定の実装例が、本発明およびその最良の態様を解説するものであり、いかなるかたちでも本発明の技術的範囲を限定しようとするものではないことを、理解すべきである。実際、説明を簡潔にするために、通常のデータ・ネットワーク構成、アプリケーション開発、ならびに本システム（および本システムの個々の動作要素の構成要素）のその他の機能的側面は、ここでは詳しくは説明しない。さらに、本明細書に含まれる種々の図面に示されている接続線は、典型的な機能的関係および／または種々の要素間の物理的接続を表現するものである。実際の電子取引システムにおいては、機能的関係または物理的接続に関し、多くの代案または追加が存在しうる。
ここで、本発明の構成要素を、機能ブロック要素、フローチャート、および種々の処理ステップに関して説明する。従って、そのような機能ブロックを、指定の機能を実行するように構成された多数のハードウェアおよび／またはソフトウェア要素によって実現できることを、理解すべきである。例えば、本発明は、例えばメモリ素子、処理素子、論理素子、参照テーブル、など、１つ以上のマイクロプロセッサまたは他の制御装置の制御下で種々の機能を実行することができる種々の集積回路部品を使用することができる。同様に、本発明のソフトウェア要素も、Ｃ、Ｃ＋＋、Ｊａｖａ（登録商標）、ＣＯＢＯＬ、アセンブラ、ＰＥＲＬ、など、任意のプログラミング言語またはスクリプト言語にて、データ構造、オブジェクト、プロセス、ルーチンあるいは他のプログラミング要素の任意の組み合わせで実装される種々のアルゴリズムで実現可能である。さらに、本発明が、データ伝送、信号送信、データ処理、ネットワーク制御、などについての多数の通常の技法を使用できることに、注意すべきである。暗号化の基本的手引きについては、Ｂｒｕｃｅ Ｓｃｈｎｅｉｒｅｒによって書かれ、Ｊｏｈｎ Ｗｉｌｅｙ ＆ Ｓｏｎｓによって出版された「Ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｇｒａｐｈｙ：Ｐｒｏｔｏｃｏｌｓ，Ａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｓ，ａｎｄ Ｓｏｕｒｃｅ Ｃｏｄｅ Ｉｎ Ｃ」という題名の文書（第２版、１９９６年）を参照されたい。この文書は、ここでの言及によって本明細書に組み込まれたものとする。
当業者であれば、図１のネットワーク８が、例えばインターネット、イントラネット、エクストラネット、ＷＡＮ、ＬＡＮ、および／あるいは衛星または無線通信など、データの交換または商業上の取引のための任意のシステムを含んでよいことを、理解できるであろう。
顧客１は、電話、キーボード、マウス、キヨスク、携帯情報端末、タッチ式画面、音声認識装置、送信器、トランスポンダ、生体認証装置、携帯用コンピュータ（例えば、ＰａｌｍＰｉｌｏｔ（登録商標））、携帯電話、ウェブＴＶ、インターネット電話、および／またはブルートゥース／ビーム装置などの任意の入力装置を介して、ホスト・システム１０または商店５０とやり取りを行なうことができる。同様に、本発明は、任意のオペレーティングシステムが動作する任意の種類のパーソナル・コンピュータ、ネットワーク・コンピュータ、ワークステーション、ミニコンピュータ、メインフレームなどとともに使用することができる。さらに、本発明は、ネットワーク通信を容易にするためにＴＣＰ／ＩＰなどのプロトコルを使用するが、本発明をＩＰＸ、アップルトーク、ＩＰ‐６、ＮｅｔＢＩＯＳ、ＯＳＩ、あるいは多数ある既存または将来のプロトコルを使用して実装できることは、容易に理解できるであろう。さらに、本システムは、ここでの記載と同様の機能を有する任意のネットワークを介してのあらゆる商品、役務、または情報の使用、販売、交換、譲渡、または他のあらゆる流通を想定している。取引および本発明のシステムへの参加者（例えば、顧客１、ホスト１０、および／または商店５０）間の通信は、例えば電話ネットワーク、イントラネット、インターネット、やり取り時点管理装置（販売時点管理装置、携帯情報端末、携帯電話、キヨスク、など）、オンライン通信、オフライン通信、および／または無線通信など、任意の適切な通信手段を通じて実現することができる。さらに、安全上の理由から、本発明のあらゆるデータベース、システム、または構成要素が、一箇所または複数の場所にあるデータベースまたは構成要素の任意の組み合わせによって構成されてもよく、ここで、データベースまたはシステムのそれぞれが、ファイアウォール、アクセス・コード、暗号化、復号化、圧縮、および／または解凍などの種々の適切な安全上の特徴のいずれかを備えていることを、当業者であれば理解できるであろう。
商店５０のコンピュータとホスト１０のコンピュータは、支払い用ネットワークと称する第２のネットワークを介して相互接続することができる。支払い用ネットワークとしては、クレジット・カード、デビット・カード、および他の種類の金融／銀行カードについての取引を現在提供している既存の各社専用のネットワークが想定される。支払い用ネットワークは、盗聴者から守られていると考えられる閉じたネットワークである。支払い用ネットワークの例としては、Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓ（登録商標）、ＶｉｓａＮｅｔ（登録商標）、およびＶｅｒｉｐｈｏｎｅ（登録商標）がある。
当業者であれば容易に想像できるように、本発明は、方法、データ処理システム、データ処理のための装置、および／またはコンピュータ・プログラム製品として具現化することができる。したがって、本発明は、全体がソフトウェアである実施の形態、全体がハードウェアである実施の形態、またはソフトウェアおよびハードウェアの両方の側面を組み合わせた実施の形態の形式をとることができる。さらに、本発明は、コンピュータによって読解可能なプログラム・コード手段をコンピュータによって読み出し可能な記憶媒体に具現化してなる記憶媒体上のコンピュータ・プログラム製品の形式をとることができる。ハードディスク、ＣＤ‐ＲＯＭ、光学式記憶装置、磁気記憶装置、および／またはフラッシュ・カード・メモリなどを含み、コンピュータによって読み出し可能なあらゆる適当な記憶媒体を使用することができる。
本発明の典型的な実施の形態を、金融取引システムと関連付けて説明するが、本発明は、例えば盗聴対策のなされていないネットワーク、公衆ネットワーク、無線ネットワーク、閉じたネットワーク、開いたネットワーク、イントラネット、および／またはエクストラネットなどを含むあらゆる種類のネットワークまたは取引システムを想定している。
本発明において使用するとき、用語「顧客」は、第１の取引アカウントに関連付けられたカード番号６を所有しており、このカード番号６を第２の取引アカウントに関連付けて使用しようと望むあらゆる個人、会社、団体、商店、ハードウェア、および／またはソフトウェアを包含する。典型的な実施の形態においては、顧客１が、ホスト１０との新しい関係または関連付けを確立し、あるいはホスト１０と既存の関係または関連付けを有している。例えば、一実施の形態においては、顧客１が、Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓ（登録商標）カードのメンバーであるかもしれない。他の実施の形態においては、顧客１が、航空会社のマイレージ・サービス・プログラムの参加者かもしれない。さらなる実施の形態においては、顧客１が、取引製品または役務を提供する任意の適切な組織のメンバーである。他の実施の形態は、カード番号６が限定使用のアカウント番号として利用されるよう、カード番号６を第二者へと提供する顧客１を想定している。
「商店」は、商品または役務との交換であるか否かにかかわらず、取引を容易にすべくカード番号６を受け取るあらゆる個人、会社、団体、顧客、ハードウェア、および／またはソフトウェアを包含する。例えば、一実施の形態においては、商店５０が、Ａｍａｚｏｎ．ｃｏｍ（登録商標）などのオンライン書店であってよい。他の実施の形態においては、商店５０が地方の金物屋であるかもしれない。ここでは「商店５０」と称しているが、この用語は、任意の第二者が、カード番号６を受け取って、顧客１の取引要求を処理するためホスト１０と通信するように適切に構成されている状況をも想定している。
ホスト１０は、あらゆる種類の取引を容易にする人物、団体、ハードウェア、および／またはソフトウェアを包含する。本発明の典型的な実施の形態の想定するところでは、ホスト１０が、顧客１についてのアカウントおよび／または取引情報を確立して維持する。ホスト１０が、顧客１に製品を発行することができ、さらに顧客１および商店５０の両者に、本発明の取引システムを容易にするためのプロセスを提供することができる。ホスト１０には、銀行、信用組合、クレジット、デビット、またはその他の取引関連の企業、電話会社、またはカード・スポンサー企業、奨励金報酬企業、または金融機関との契約下にある第三者の供給者など、他のあらゆる種類のカードまたはアカウント発行機関が含まれる。ここではとくに指定しない限り、「ホスト」と称するこの用語は、何らかの取引、交換、またはサービスを容易にするために何らかの種類のアカウントを発行するあらゆる存在を意味し、物理的なカードを処理または発行する企業には限定されないと理解すべきである。典型的な実施の形態においては、ホスト１０は、Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓ（登録商標）、ＶＩＳＡ（登録商標）、Ｍａｓｔｅｒｃａｒｄ（登録商標）、Ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒ（登録商標）などの課金／クレジット・カード供給者など、任意の取引促進企業であってよい。
典型的な実施の形態において、変換を容易にするためプロキシ・アカウント番号４を使用することができる。プロキシ番号４は、顧客１またはホスト１０によって第１のアカウント番号であると指定された他の番号またはアカウントに関連付けられ、すなわちこの番号またはアカウントを代理する任意の番号、符号、記号、印、などである。図１に示すように、プロキシ番号４がカード番号６と同じであってよい。典型的な実施の形態においては、図１に示すように、プロキシ番号４（１２３４５６７８９１２３４５６７）が、価値貯蔵アカウント・データベース１５に保持された価値貯蔵アカウント番号２（００００００００００００００００）に関連付けられる。カード番号６（プロキシ番号４に対応する）が買い物に使用されたとき、関連する価値貯蔵アカウント番号２が認識され、買い物の額が、この価値貯蔵アカウントの残高から差し引かれる。
価値貯蔵カードをクレジット・カードに変換した後、これを受けてプロキシ番号４（１２３４５６７８９１２３４５６７）が、指定されたクレジット・カード・アカウント番号３（９９９９９９９９９９９９９９９９）に関連付けられる。したがって、変換後にカード番号６／プロキシ番号４で買い物が行なわれたとき、顧客１のクレジット・アカウントへとアクセスがなされ、このクレジット・アカウントが調整される。他の典型的な実施の形態においては、プロキシ・アカウント・システムは使用されない。代わりに、カード番号６が、プロキシ番号４に代わって価値貯蔵アカウント番号２に直接対応する。
クレジット、デビット、または他の銀行カードに関係する典型的な実施の形態においては、カード番号６は、通常の銀行カードに使用される同じ工業規格書式を有している（例えば、１５または１６桁の番号）。一実施の形態においては、番号が、カード番号６と通常の物理的な課金カード番号とを区別することができないように書式化される。しかしながら、代案として、プロキシとして使用されるカード番号を通常の課金カード番号から区別するため、ホスト１０のカード供給者／製品識別子（例えば、ＢＩＮ範囲、最初の６桁、など）番号が異なっていてもよい。カード番号６および他の取引アカウント番号について述べるとき、番号が、Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓ（登録商標）の使用する１５桁の番号系列など各カード供給者が固有の番号系列を有しているが、例えば１６桁のクレジット・カード・アカウント番号でよいことを理解すべきである。各企業のカード番号は、当該企業の標準化書式に従っており、１６桁の書式を使用している企業は、通常は、番号「００００ ００００ ００００ ００００」によって代表される間隔をあけた４組の数字を使用する。最初の５〜７桁は、処理の目的のために予約されており、発行した銀行、カードの種類、などを特定する。この例では、最後の１６番目の桁が、１６桁の番号のチェックサムとして使用される。中間の８〜１０桁が、顧客１を固有に識別するために使用される。本発明は、カード番号６の使用のほか、他の番号、印、符号、または他の安全工程の使用を想定している。
本発明の変換プロセスを検討する前に、システムの取り決めおよび典型的な価値貯蔵アカウントの動作について検討する。価値貯蔵カードのカード番号６を、図１に示すプロキシ・サーバ（ＳＴＮ１６）およびデータベース１７を使用するプロキシ・システムを介して、価値貯蔵アカウント２に関連付けることができる。あるいは、プロキシ・システムを使用せず、カード番号６が価値貯蔵アカウントに直接対応する。システムの構成がどのようであっても、カード番号６が使用されたとき常に、取引の額について価値貯蔵アカウントに対し請求が行なわれる。
図１および２の両者を参照すると、ＳＴＮ１６を使用するプロキシ番号４を介しての価値貯蔵カードの使用を容易にするため、顧客１は、あらかじめお金が預託されている価値貯蔵カード５を、例えば小売店から取得する（工程１００）。顧客１が、商店５０から買い物する商品を選択し（工程１０２）、この買い物についての支払いのためにカード５を提示する（工程１０４）。この買い物および購入は、インターネットを介してオンラインで行なわれてもよく、販売時点管理（ＰＯＳ）端末において直接に行なわれてもよく、さらに／または他の任意の取引用インターフェイスを介して行われてもよい。商店５０が、カード５を特定のホスト１０によって発行されたものであると認識し、当該ホスト１０に支払いを承認するよう要求する（工程１０６）。認証システムＣＡＳ２０が、この要求を受け取り、カード５のカード番号６がＳＴＮ１６システム内のプロキシ番号４に対応することを認識し、当該プロキシ番号４に関連付けられた第１のアカウントを要求する（工程１０８）。ＳＴＮ１６（およびデータベース１７）において、例えばプロキシ番号４が、対応する価値貯蔵アカウント番号２に関連付けられている。ＳＴＮ１６が、プロキシ・アカウント番号４について自身の一覧表にアクセスし、実際の価値貯蔵アカウント番号を特定し、この実際のアカウント番号を認証のためＣＡＳ２０に返送する（工程１１０）。次いで、ＣＡＳ２０が、この価値貯蔵アカウントを認識し、価値貯蔵アカウント・システム１４に対して認証の要求を送信する（工程１１２）。価値貯蔵システム１４は、自身の標準ルールおよび条件を適用し、要求を出した商店５０へと返送すべくＣＡＳ２０に認証の応答を返送する（工程１１４）。次いで、商店５０が、顧客１との取引を完了させる。
支払いが承認された場合、商店５０は、自身の備える既存の設備（例えば、清算システム３６）を使用して、清算のためホスト１０のＦＩＮＣＡＰ２４へと取引を提示し、ＦＩＮＣＡＰ２４が、価値貯蔵システム１４と通信して、（カード番号６に対応する）プロキシ・アカウント番号４に関連付けられている価値貯蔵アカウントの残高を減らす（工程１１８）。同様に、ＦＩＮＣＡＰ２４が、アカウント支払勘定システム２６と通信し（工程１２０）、この取引について商店５０への支払いが確実に行なわれるようにする（工程１２２）。
カード番号６が、プロキシ番号４と同じであってよく、次いでプロキシ番号４が他のアカウント、例えば価値貯蔵アカウント２またはクレジット・カード・アカウント３に関連付けられてよいことを、理解すべきである。あるいは、カード番号６を、価値貯蔵アカウント２またはクレジット・カード・アカウント３に直接対応させてもよく、その場合、プロキシ・アカウント、例えばＳＴＮ１６システムは不要であるかもしれない。
次に、クレジット・カード・アカウントを確立し、価値貯蔵カードをクレジット・カードに変換するための典型的なオンライン・システムおよび方法を説明する。本発明の典型的な実施の形態においては、図３に示すように、既存の価値貯蔵カードをクレジット・カードに変換しようと望む顧客１が、本明細書に記載の任意の通信手段を介してホスト１０（例えば、ホストのウェブ・サーバ１２）と通信し、「カード変換登録ページ」へと進んで、システムによって変換してもらう価値貯蔵アカウント番号を提示する（工程２００）。図３に示した実施の形態においては、カード番号６が、価値貯蔵アカウント・データベース１５に保持された価値貯蔵アカウント２に関連付けられたプロキシ・アカウント４に一致している。次いで、顧客１は、ホストのウェブ・サーバ１２内のオンライン応募ページへと導かれ、例えば氏名、住所、収入、などの種々のフィールドからなる応募書式に記入するよう求められる。顧客１が、応募ページのすべてに記入した後、応募情報がホスト１０の新規アカウント・システム１３に送られ（工程２０２）、この応募情報がホスト１０のルールおよび手順に従って審査される。クレジット許可の基準には、とくに信用度、債務／収入比、などを含むことができる。応募が許可される場合、新規なアカウントが生成され、顧客１に割り当てられる（工程２０４）。クレジット・カード・データベース１９内で、データベースの見出しおよびアカウントが生成される（工程２０６）。図３では、クレジット・カード・データベース１９およびサーバ１８が示されているが、アカウント受取勘定システム２４（図１を参照）を同様に構成できることを理解すべきである。ホスト・システムの他の構成要素（例えば、ＣＡＳ２０、Ａ／Ｒ２４）も、しかるべく更新される。次いで、アカウント変換指示セットが、プロキシ・アカウント・システム、例えばＳＴＮ１６に送られ、プロキシ・アカウント４を価値貯蔵アカウント２から新規に生成されたクレジット・カード・アカウント３へと関連付け直すように指示する（工程２０８）。このようにして、顧客のカード番号６（プロキシ・アカウント４に対応）が、新しく作られたクレジット・カード・アカウント３に関連付けられる。この変換の後、カード５を新規に生成されたクレジット・カード・アカウントのためのクレジット・カードとして今や使用できる旨が、顧客１に告知される（工程２１０）。典型的な実施の形態においては、許可および告知のプロセスが、例えばインターネット、電子キヨスク、ＡＴＭ、など分配ネットワークを介して生じる事実上リアルタイムのプロセスである。換言すれば、顧客１は、同じ１つのオンライン・セッションにおいて、クレジット・カードを申し込み、価値貯蔵カードをクレジット・カードに変換することができる。オンラインまたはリアルタイムの取得プロセスに関する追加の情報については、２００２年２月５日に出願され現在係属中であるＳｔｏｘｅｎらによる「Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃ Ａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ａｎｄ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ」という名称の米国特許出願第１０／０７１，６１５号を参照されたい。この出願の中身の全体は、ここでの言及によって本明細書に組み込まれたものとする。
図４は、第２の取引アカウント装置（例えば、クレジット・カード）としてのカード番号６の使用を示しており、すなわち、第１の取引アカウント（例えば、価値貯蔵アカウント）が第２の取引アカウント（クレジット・カード・アカウント）へと変換された後のカード番号６の使用を示している。典型的な実施の形態においては、カードの認証が異なる点を除き、流れが変換前の価値貯蔵カードのものと同様であることに注意すべきである。したがって、顧客１が、オンラインで商店５０のオンライン買い物サイト３２を訪れ、購入する商品を選択する（工程３００）。清算３４の際、顧客１は、この買い物についての支払いのためにカード番号６（今や、クレジット・カード・アカウント３に関連付けられている）を使用する旨を示す（工程３０２）。商店５０が、ホスト１０に対してアカウントについての通常の認証を要求する（工程３０４）。ＣＡＳ２０が、カード番号６をプロキシ・アカウント４に対応するものとして認識し、この要求をプロキシ・アカウント・システム、例えばＳＴＮ１６へと送る（工程３０６）。ＳＴＮ１６が、カード番号６に対応するクレジット・カード・アカウントを特定し、クレジット・アカウント番号２（図１を参照）を認証のためＣＡＳ２０へと返送する（工程３０８）。ＣＡＳ２０が、認証ルールおよび条件を適用するため、クレジット・カード・アカウント・システム、例えばアカウント受取勘定２４と通信する（工程３１０）。続いて、認証の返事が商店５０にもたらされる（工程３１２）。承認されたとき、商店５０が、通常の提示方法を使用して領収書および課金概要をＦＩＮＣＡＰ２４に提示する（工程３１４）。ＦＩＮＣＡＰ２４が、カード番号６をプロキシ番号４に対応するものとして認識し、当該取引を、プロキシ・アカウント・システム、例えばＳＴＮ１６に送る（工程３１６）。ＳＴＮ１６は、カード番号６を関連付けられているクレジット・アカウント番号２に置き換え、このクレジット・アカウント番号２をＦＩＮＣＡＰ２４に返送する（工程３１８）。ＦＩＮＣＡＰ２４が、顧客への請求書および課金のため、この取引を適切なクレジット・カード・システム、例えばアカウント受取勘定２４へと送る（工程３２０）。ついで、ＦＩＮＣＡＰ２４は、商店５０への支払いのため、この取引をアカウント支払勘定システム２６に送り（工程３２４）、クレジット・カードへの変換後のカード５による取引が完了する。
以上、利益、他の利点、および課題の解決策を、特定の実施の形態に関して説明した。しかしながら、利益、利点、課題の解決策、ならびに何らかの利益、利点、または解決策をもたらし、あるいは強調するあらゆる要素を、いずれかまたはすべての請求項の重要、必要、または不可欠な特徴あるいは要素として解釈すべきではない。本明細書にて使用されるとき、用語「からなる」、「からなっている」、またはこれらのあらゆる変種は、非排他的に含んでいることを意味するものであり、列挙された要素からなるプロセス、方法、物品、または装置が、それらの要素だけを含んでいるのではなく、明確には列挙されなかった他の要素を含んでいてもよく、そのようなプロセス、方法、物品、または装置に暗黙裡に備わっている要素を含んでいてもよい。さらに、本明細書に記載した各要素は、「不可欠」または「重要」と明記されていない限り、本発明の実施に必須のものではない。
ここに示して説明した特定の実装例が、本発明およびその最良の態様を例証するためのものであり、いかなるかたちでも本発明の範囲を限定しようとするものではないことを、理解すべきである。実際、説明を簡潔にするため、通常のデータ・ネットワーク構成、アプリケーション開発、ならびに本システム（および本システムの個々の動作要素の構成要素）のその他の機能的側面は、ここでは詳しくは説明されていない。さらに、本明細書に含まれる種々の図面に示されている接続線は、典型的な機能的関係および／または種々の要素間の物理的接続を表現するものである。実際の契約最適化または契約遵守システムにおいては、機能的関係または物理的接続に関し、多くの代案または追加が存在しうる。
図１は、本発明の典型的な実施の形態を構成するシステム構成要素の概要を示している。 図２は、プロキシ・アカウントを介して価値貯蔵アカウントを使用するプロセスを概略的に示している。 図３は、価値貯蔵カードのクレジット・カードへの変換に係るプロセスを概略的に示している。 図４は、変換後にカード番号をクレジット・カード装置として使用するプロセスを概略的に示している。

Claims (20)

  1. カード番号の関連付けの第１の取引アカウントから第２の取引アカウントへの移転を容易にするための方法であって、
    ・前記第２の取引アカウントを確立する工程、
    ・前記第１の取引アカウントに関連付けられた前記カード番号を受け取る工程、および
    ・前記カード番号を第２の取引アカウントへと関連付ける工程
    からなる方法。
  2. 前記第１の取引アカウントが、価値貯蔵アカウント、課金カード・アカウント、デビット・アカウント、またはクレジット・カード・アカウントのうちのいずれか１つである請求項１に記載の方法。
  3. 前記第２の取引アカウントが、価値貯蔵アカウント、課金カード・アカウント、デビット・アカウント、またはクレジット・カード・アカウントのうちのいずれか１つである請求項２に記載の方法。
  4. ・顧客がアカウントの変換を要求することができるように構成された顧客インターフェイスを用意する工程、
    ・前記顧客に前記カード番号を含む情報を入力するよう促す工程、
    ・前記入力された情報を受け取る工程、
    ・前記第１の取引アカウントを、前記カード番号に関連付けられているとして認識する工程、および
    ・前記カード番号を前記第２の取引アカウントへと関連付けるため、アカウント・データベースのアカウント一覧表情報を変更する工程
    をさらに有する請求項１に記載の方法。
  5. 前記カード番号が、プロキシ・アカウント番号に対応しており、該プロキシ・システムが、該プロキシ・アカウント番号を１つ以上の取引アカウントに関連付けるように構成されている請求項１に記載の方法。
  6. 前記カード番号が、当該カード番号をプロキシ・アカウントに恒久的に関連付ける不変の印からなる請求項５に記載の方法。
  7. 前記印が、銀行識別番号（ＢＩＮ）である請求項６に記載の方法。
  8. 顧客‐商店の取引において、前記変換後の商店の認証プロセスを容易にする工程であって、
    ・認証システムを準備する工程、
    ・前記カード番号の前記ＢＩＮ番号を、プロキシ・アカウントのＢＩＮとして認識する工程、
    ・プロキシ・アカウント・システムへと転送する工程、
    ・前記カード番号に関連付けられた前記第２の取引アカウントを特定する工程、
    ・前記第２の取引アカウントが、取引に関して認容されているか否かを判断する工程、および
    ・認証結果を前記商店に返送する工程
    からなる工程、ならびに
    前記変換後の商店の清算プロセスを容易にする工程であって、
    ・前記商店から清算要求を受け取る工程、
    ・前記カード番号の前記ＢＩＮが、プロキシ・アカウントのＢＩＮであることを認識する工程、
    ・前記プロキシ・アカウント・システムへと転送する工程、
    ・前記プロキシ・アカウントを、前記第２の取引アカウントに関連付けられていると認識する工程、
    ・取引の額を前記第２の取引アカウントに請求する工程、および
    ・前記第２の取引アカウントの残高を、前記取引の額だけ調整する工程
    からなる工程
    をさらに有している請求項７に記載の方法。
  9. 前記第２の取引アカウントが、クレジット・カード・アカウントである請求項８に記載の方法。
  10. 既存の価値貯蔵アカウント番号を、新規なアカウント番号に変換する方法であって、
    ・変換用インターフェイスを準備する工程、
    ・前記顧客からの変換要求を受け取る工程、
    ・顧客にアカウント申し込み書式を示して、前記顧客に前記既存の価値貯蔵アカウント番号を提示するよう促す工程、
    ・記入の済んだアカウント申し込みを新規アカウント・システムに連絡する工程、
    ・前記顧客が新規アカウントに相応しいか否かを判断する工程、
    ・前記顧客に新規アカウントを発行する工程、および
    ・該新規アカウントを前記既存の価値貯蔵アカウント番号に関連付ける工程
    からなる方法。
  11. 前記価値貯蔵アカウントを閉鎖する工程をさらに有している請求項１０に記載の方法。
  12. 前記変換用インターフェイスが、前記顧客と前記ホストとの間のオンライン通信を容易にする請求項１０に記載の方法。
  13. 前記オンライン変換インターフェイスを準備する工程が、さらに
    ・登録用ウェブ・ページを提供する工程、および
    ・オンライン申し込み書式に記入するよう前記顧客を促す工程
    からなる請求項１２に記載の方法。
  14. ・前記変換要求の時点において前記価値貯蔵アカウント番号が未払いの価値を有しているか否かを判断する工程、
    ・前記価値貯蔵アカウント番号が未払いの価値を有している場合に、該価値を前記価値貯蔵アカウントから引き去る工程、および
    ・前記値を前記新規アカウントに払い戻す工程
    をさらに有している請求項１０に記載の方法。
  15. 前記既存の価値貯蔵アカウント番号が、プロキシ・アカウント番号である請求項１０に記載の方法。
  16. 前記新規アカウントの情報を反映させるため、認証システムおよびアカウント受取勘定システムを更新する工程をさらに有している請求項１０に記載の方法。
  17. プロキシ・アカウント・システムに、前記新規アカウントを前記プロキシ番号に関連付けるよう指示する工程、および
    前記プロキシ番号を前記新規アカウントに関連付ける工程
    をさらに有している請求項１６に記載の方法。
  18. 第１の取引アカウント装置を第２の取引アカウント装置に変換するためのシステムであって、
    ・前記ユーザと通信し、前記第１の取引アカウントに関連付けられたカード番号を前記第２の取引アカウントに関連付けられたカード番号へと変換する要求を、該ユーザから受信するよう構成されたユーザ・インターフェイス・システム、
    ・第２の取引アカウントを生成するよう構成された新規アカウント・システム、および
    ・カード番号を複数の種類の取引アカウントに関連付けるように構成された変更可能なコンピュータ・データ構造
    からなるシステム。
  19. 前記第１の取引アカウントから前記第２の取引アカウントへの前記カード番号の関連付けの付け直しを容易にするよう構成されたプロキシ・アカウント・システムをさらに有する請求項１８に記載のシステム。
  20. 前記第１の取引アカウントが、価値貯蔵アカウントであり、前記第２の取引アカウントが、クレジット・カード・アカウントである請求項１９に記載のシステム。
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