JP2000509150A - 三次元目的物をイメージ化しかつモデル化するための統合装置 - Google Patents
三次元目的物をイメージ化しかつモデル化するための統合装置Info
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 三次元シーンのモデルを生成する統合装置であって、 三次元シーンを走査して点暗影を生成する走査レーザー装置であって、前 記点暗影が複数のデータ点からなり、該複数のデーター点の各々が前記シー ンの表面上の対応する点の位置を表す走査レーザー装置と、 前記点暗影に応答して前記シーンの構成要素の幾何学的形状を表す第1モ デルを生成する手段とを備える装置。 2. 請求項1の装置において、さらに、前記第1のモデルに応答してデータフ ァイルを生成する手段を備え、該データファイルは計算機援用設計(CAD )装置への入力に適する装置。 3. 請求項2の装置において、さらに、前記CAD装置の実行を開始し、さら に、前記データファイルを前記CAD装置に入れる手段を備える装置。 4. レーザー出力の走査を要求する装置で使用するために、前記レーザーから の出力パルスのタイミングを制御する方法であって、各出力パルスがポンプ パルスに応答して生成される方法において、 前記パルスの開始と関連する出力パルスの次の発生との間の時間遅延を監 視する工程と、 前記監視された時間遅延に基づいて、次のポンプパルスの発生と関連する 出力パルスとの間の時間遅延を予測する工程と、 ビームの走査の間の前記レーザー出力の適切な配置ができる時間に前記出 力パルスが生成されることを保証するように選択された時間で次のポンプパ ルスを開始する工程とを含む方法。 5. シーン内で三次元特徴を表す複数の点暗影から、前記シーン内の所望の特 徴を表す前記点の下位集団をマニュアルで分離する方法において、 前記所望の特徴を表す少なくともいくつかのデータ点を含むすべての点暗 影を選択する工程と、 前記暗影のビューを変更し、多角形の投げ縄を描いて、選択された下位集 団の点をより精密にして、点の下位の暗影に含まれるようにする工程とを含 む方法。 6. シーンの走査フィールドを、前記シーン内の異なる表面を表す下位集合の 点に自動的に分割する方法であって、 前記走査フィールドを、前記シーン内の表面の走査点に関する深さ情報を 含む深さグリッドと、前記表面の走査点への法線の予測を含む垂直グリッド とに分離する工程と、 前記深さグリッドの深さ情報を巻き込んで深さ比率画像を生成し、該画像 の値が前記シーン内での一つの走査点から他の走査点深さの変化の傾きを表 す工程と、 前記垂直グリッドの構成要素を巻き込んで前記垂直グリッドの各点ごとの 各構成要素に関してスカラー値を生成する工程と、 前記垂直グリッドの各点ごとに、前記特定の点の構成要素に関するスカラ ー値からその点における法線の傾斜を決定し、前記垂直グリッドの前記点に 関して決定された前記傾斜は垂直比率の画像を集団的に構成する工程と、 前記深さ比率画像を帰納的しきい値方法を用いて二値の深さ画像に変換す る工程と、 前記垂直比率画像を帰納的しきい値方法を用いて二値の垂直画像に変換す る工程と、 前記二値の深さ画像と前記二値の垂直画像とを組合せて単一の端部画像を 決定する工程と、 前記シーンの対応する表面になじむように端部でない点の下位の集団をグ ループ化する工程とを含む方法。 7. 請求項6の方法において、さらに、最初に各グループの点を最善のものと する幾何原図の種類を決定する工程と、前記幾何原図を前記データ点に適合 させる工程とを含む方法。 8. 請求項7の方法において、さらに、前記シーンの隣り合う平面領域を交差 する工程を含む方法。 9. コーナーを表す点暗影を正しい位置に当てはめる方法であって、 前記点暗影の点への3つの平面の適合を決定し、モデルのために平面を作 る工程と、 対の平面のの交点にある3つのラインを決定し、前記モデルのためのライ ンを作る工程と、 前記3つの面の交点の頂点を決定し、前記モデルのための頂点を作る工程 とを含む方法。 10.三次元シーンをモデル化する方法において、 各点が前記シーンの表面上の点を表す複数の点を生成する工程と、 表面法線予測及びグローバル誤差最少化法を用いて一群の点に対する円筒 の最善の適合を決定する工程とを含む方法。 11.三次元のシーンをモデル化する方法であって、 各点が前記シーンの表面上の点を表す複数の点を生成する工程と、 二次曲面及びグローバル誤差最少化法を用いて一群の点に対する円筒の最 善の適合を決定する工程とを含む方法。 12.三次元のシーンをモデル化する方法であって、 各点が前記シーンの表面上の点を表す複数の点を生成する工程と、 二次曲面及びグローバル誤差最少化を用いて一群の点に対する球面の最善 の適合を決定する工程とを含む方法。 13.三次元のシーンをモデル化する方法であって、 各点が前記シーンの表面上の点を表す複数の点を生成する工程と、 一群の点に対する二次曲面の最善の適合を決定する工程と、 二次曲面の最善の適合によって描かれる複数のファミリーのどの幾何原図 が前記一群の点と適合するのかを決定する工程とを含む方法。 14.同一の種類の2つの幾何原図を併合してその種類の単一の幾何原図を形 成する方法であって、 前記2つの原図の各々を最初に適合するために用いた点を組合せることに よって新たなグループの点を作る工程と、 適当な適合方法及び元の図の各々からの点を持つ新たに生成された点のグ ループを用いて新たな幾何原図を適合する工程とを含む方法。 15.複数の点及び幾何原図からなるとともに第1座標系を持つ第1のモデル と、複数の点及び幾何原図からなるとともに第2座標系を持つ第2のモデル とを記録する方法であって、 第1及び第2のシーンの共通する特徴をユーザーが特定する工程と、 前記特定に応答し、座標系の間の変換を特定する工程と、 前記第2のモデルの対象を変換してそれらが前記第1の座標系を用いるよ うにする工程とを備える方法。 16.複数の点暗影及び幾何原図によって表された1又は2以上のモデルを選 択する工程と、 多数の点又は幾何原図の位置上の制約を特定する工程と、 各ビューの点及び幾何原図を取り囲む人為的な値を作り、機械的な材両特 性を前記取り囲む値に割り当てる工程と、 前記取り囲む値内の材料に関し最少のエネルギー構成を計算する工程であ って、点又は幾何原図が埋め込まれていて前記構成がすべて適用された制約 を満たす工程と、 材料の前記囲む値の最少のエネルギー構成にしたがって前記点及び原図を 置き換える工程とを含むワープ方法。 17.請求項16の方法において、前記構成が閉鎖誤差を取り除くように特定さ れている方法。 18.三次元シーンのモデルを発生する統合装置であって、 パルスレーザーを用いて三次元のシーンを走査する走査レーザー装置であ って、光パルスが各パルス内で0.2μJまでを持ち1ナノセコンドより短 く持続し、30psec又はそれ未満の解像度で、各出力パルスとシーンの表面 から戻る対応するパルスとの間の時間遅延を測定し、該走査レーザー装置が さらに走査の間に前記ビームの角度的方位を追跡して測定する走査レーザー 装置と、 前記測定された時間遅延と角度測定値に基づいて点暗影を生成し、該点暗 影が、各々が前記表面上の対応する点の位置を表す複数の点からなる手段と を備える装置。 19.レーザーから出力されたパルスのフライト時間の監視を要求する装置内 で測定電子機器の較正を行う装置であって、 一方の端部が前記レーザーの出力パルスを受け取り、既知の長さを持つシ ングルモードの光ファイバーと、 前記パルスが前記ファイバーを出る時を監視する前記ファイバーの一方の 端部に配置された検出器であって、それに応答して信号を発生し、該信号が 前記測定電子機器を通過するような検出器と、 前記ファイバーを出るパルスの検出に基づいて前記ファイバーの理諭的長 さを計算し、その計算された長さを前記ファイバーの既知の長さと比較して 前記測定電子機器を較正するプロセッサとを備える装置。 20.請求項19の装置において、前記光ファイバーはその各端部に部分反射器 を備え、前記ファイバーに入る各レーザーパルスごとにパルス列が前記ファ イバーを出、前記パルス列は前記測定電子機器をさらに較正するために用い られる装置。 21.請求項20の装置において、さらに遅延測定電子回路を備えており、前記 パルス列はそれらの間に一定の遅延を持ち、それによって、前記パルス列の 監視は前記遅延電子回路を較正するために用いることができる装置。 22.請求項21の装置において、さらに前記検出器によって監視されるパルス のパワーを変える手段を備えており、前記検出器は、前記検出された光のパ ワーが既定のしきい値を越えると信号を生成するように機能し、前記プロセ ッサは、前記出力パルスのパワーの関数として、前記検出器によって出力さ れた信号の発生の遅延の変化を追跡するように機能し、前記プロセッサは、 さらに、フライトの時間を監視するために用いられる連続パルスの測定パワ ーに基づいて前記遅延の測定を較正するように機能する装置。 23.三次元の対象の表面点についての位置情報を得る装置であって、 出力ビームを発生するレーザーと、 前記対象の上を前記レーザービームを移動させる走査装置と、 前記レーザービームの反射の測定に基づいて前記対象までの距離を自動的 に測定する監視装置であって、前記レーザーミームの角度的位置も追跡及び 測定し、さらに、最大100メートルの範囲にわたる1つの標準的な偏差に おける6ミリメートルと等しいかそれより良いような三次元空間内の各点ご との位置の精度を持つ監視装置とを備える装置。 24.請求項23の装置において、各距離測定は0.005秒下で行うことがで きる装置。 25.請求項23の装置において、前記レーザーはパルス出力を生成し、パルス ごとのエネルギーは0.2マイクロジュールより小さく、さらに、前記レー ザーの平均出力パワーはわずかに1.0ミリワットである装置。 26.対象までの距離を測定する装置であって、 出力パルスのレーザーを生成するレーザーと、 レーザービームの反射に基づいて前記対象までの距離を測定する監視装置 であって、最大100メートルのその全体の範囲にわたる1つの標準的な偏 差における6ミリメートルと等しいかそれより良い精度を持ち、各測定は0 .005秒より短い時間で行うことができ、さらに、前記レーザーは0.2 マイクロジュールだけのパルスごとのエネルギーと1ミリワットだけの平均 出力とを持つ装置。 27.請求項26の装置において、前記対象は逆反射体を持ち、前記作動の範囲 は最大1マイルである装置。 28.遠隔の対象から三次元情報を捕捉する装置において、 前記対象の位置情報を測定するための走査レーザーモジュールと、 前記対象からの画像情報を捕捉するビデオモジュールと、 前記位置情報及び前記画像情報を含む前記対象のモデルを与えるプロセッ サとを備える装置。 29.請求項28の装置において、前記ビデオ画像情報は、位置情報の測定と空 間的に同時に収集される装置。 30.請求項29の装置において、前記ビデオ画像情報は、位置情報が得られる 点に隣接する点から収集される装置。 31.三次元対象の表面の点に関する位置情報を得る装置であって、 対象についての三次元位置情報を測定する走査モジュールと、 前記対象から画像情報を捕捉及び表示するビデオモジュールと、 前記走査及びビデオモジュールによって作動し、前記ビデオモジュールに よって捕捉された前記画像情報を用いて、目標追跡の際に、前記走査モジュ ールを援助することができるようになるプロセッサとを備える装置。 32.請求項31の装置において、前記プロセッサは、目標とされる領域のビデ オ画像の上のアウトラインの画像をドラッグすることによって、前記走査モ ジュールによって目標追跡される対象の一部を特定するように機能する装置 。 33.三次元対象の表面の点に関する位置情報を得る装置であって、 対象に関する三次元の位置情報を測定する走査モジュールと、 該走査モジュールから得られた画像情報を表示するビデオモジュールと、 前記走査及びビデオモジュールによって作動し、前記ビデオモジュールに よって表示された前記画像情報を用いて、前記走査モジュールの目標追跡を より詳細に行えるようにするプロセッサとを備える装置。 34.三次元対象の表面の点に関する位置情報を得る装置であって、 対象に関する三次元の位置情報を測定し、また、可視放射線のビームを出 力するレーザーを備える走査モジュールと、 該走査モジュールを制御するプロセッサであって、前記レーザービームは マニュアルによって配置することができ、それにより、可視ビームが該プロ セッサからの制御信号に応答して走査すべき対象の一部を目標とするプロセ ッサとを備える装置。 35.対象までの距離を測定するために用いられるレーザーによって生成され た光ビームにおける周波数の変化を監視することを要求する装置において測 定電子機器を較正する装置であって、 前記レーザーから光を受け取るように配置された一方の端部を持つシング ルモードの光ファイバと、 前記ファイバーを通過して移動するとともにそれから出る光を、前記ファ イバーを通って移動しない前記レーザーからの光を組合せて受け取るように 配置された検出器と、 該検出器によって測定された周波数の変化の均一性に基づいてビーム上の 線形性を決定し、さらに、結果を用いて前記測定電子機器を較正するプロセ ッサとを備える装置。 36.請求項35の装置において、前記ファイバーは既知の長さを持ち、又、該 ファイバーは一方の端部に部分反射器を持ち、他方の端部には少なくとも部 分反射器を持ち、前記ファイバー内を移動しなかった前記ファイバーの一方 の端部から反射された光が前記検出器によって測定され、前記プロセッサは 、 前記検出器によって測定された周波数変化に基づいて前記ファイバーの理論 的長さを計算するように機能し、さらに、その計算された長さを前記ファイ バーの既知の長さと比較して前記測定電子機器を較正する装置。
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PCT/US1997/006793 WO1997040342A2 (en) | 1996-04-24 | 1997-04-24 | Integrated system for imaging and modeling three-dimensional objects |
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US20020149585A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
US6473079B1 (en) | 2002-10-29 |
DE69733014D1 (de) | 2005-05-19 |
DE69733014T2 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
US20050099637A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
US7184036B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
JP4400894B2 (ja) | 2010-01-20 |
US20020158870A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
US6330523B1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
US6512518B2 (en) | 2003-01-28 |
US20030001835A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
ATE293244T1 (de) | 2005-04-15 |
US20020145607A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
EP0895577A2 (en) | 1999-02-10 |
US20020059042A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
DE69733014T8 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
US6847462B1 (en) | 2005-01-25 |
US6512993B2 (en) | 2003-01-28 |
US6246468B1 (en) | 2001-06-12 |
WO1997040342A2 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
US7215430B2 (en) | 2007-05-08 |
US20040051711A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
EP0895577B1 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
CA2252409A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
US5988862A (en) | 1999-11-23 |
WO1997040342A3 (en) | 1998-07-30 |
US6734849B2 (en) | 2004-05-11 |
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