ES2611360T3 - Catalizadores para la conversión de ácido hidroxipropiónico o sus derivados en ácido acrílico o sus derivados - Google Patents

Catalizadores para la conversión de ácido hidroxipropiónico o sus derivados en ácido acrílico o sus derivados Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2611360T3
ES2611360T3 ES13719327.2T ES13719327T ES2611360T3 ES 2611360 T3 ES2611360 T3 ES 2611360T3 ES 13719327 T ES13719327 T ES 13719327T ES 2611360 T3 ES2611360 T3 ES 2611360T3
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derivatives
catalyst
acid
acrylic acid
catalysts
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Juan Esteban VELASQUEZ
Janette Villalobos LINGOES
Jane Ellen Godlewski
Dimitris Ioannis Collias
Fred C. WIREKO
Marc Andrew Mamak
Nancy Lee Redman-Furey
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
    • C07C51/377—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groups; by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
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Abstract

Un catalizador que comprende: (a) al menos un anión fosfato condensado seleccionado del grupo que consiste en las fórmulas (I), (II), y (III), [PnO3n+1](n+2)- (I) [PnO3n]n- (II) [P(2 m+n)O(5 m+3n)]n- (III) en donde n es al menos 2 y m es al menos 1, y (b) al menos dos cationes diferentes, en donde el catalizador tiene esencialmente carga neutra; y además, en donde la relación molar de fósforo con respecto a dichos al menos dos cationes diferentes es entre 0,7 y 1,7, en donde los cationes comprenden (i) al menos un catión monovalente, y (ii) al menos un catión polivalente, en donde el catión polivalente se selecciona del grupo que consiste en Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Pb2+, Ti3+, Cr3+, Mn3+, Al3+, Ga3+, Y3+, In3+, Sb3+, Bi3+, Si4+, Ti4+, V4+, Ge4+, Mo4+, Pt4+, V5+, Nb5+, Sb5+, y mezclas de los mismos.

Description

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La relación molar entre los cationes está comprendida, en una realización, entre 1:50 y 50:1; y en otra realización, la relación molar entre los cationes está comprendida entre 1:4 y 4:1. Por ejemplo, cuando el catalizador incluye potasio (K+) y bario (Ba2+), la relación molar entre ellos (K:Ba), en una realización, está entre 1:4 y 4:1. También, cuando el catalizador se prepara mediante la mezcla y el calentamiento de K2HPO4, Ba(NO3)2, y H3PO4, el potasio y el bario están presentes, en otra realización, en una relación molar, K:Ba, entre 2:3 y 1:1.
En una realización, el catalizador puede incluir un soporte inerte que está construido de un material que comprende silicatos, aluminatos, carbones, óxidos metálicos, y mezclas de los mismos. Alternativamente, el vehículo es inerte con respecto a la mezcla de reacción esperada para entrar en contacto con el catalizador. En otra realización, el método para preparar el catalizador incluye adicionalmente el mezclado de un soporte inerte con el catalizador antes, durante, o después de la mezcla y el calentamiento de los compuestos que contienen fósforo, en donde el soporte inerte incluye silicatos, aluminatos, carbonos, óxidos metálicos, y mezclas de los mismos. En otra realización, el método para preparar el catalizador incluye adicionalmente el mezclado de un soporte inerte con el catalizador antes, durante, o después de la mezcla y el calentamiento de los compuestos que contienen fósforo y de los compuestos que no contienen fósforo, en donde el soporte inerte incluye silicatos, aluminatos, carbonos, óxidos metálicos, y mezclas de los mismos.
El mezclado de los compuestos que contienen fósforo del catalizador se puede llevar a cabo por cualquier método conocido por el experto en la técnica, de forma ilustrativa y no excluyente: mezclado de sólidos y precipitación simultánea. En el método del mezclado de sólidos, los diferentes componentes se mezclan físicamente entre sí con molienda opcional usando cualquier método conocido por el experto en la técnica, tal como de forma ilustrativa y no excluyente: cizalla, extensión, amasado, extrusión, y otros. En el método de coprecipitación, se prepara una solución
o suspensión acuosa de los diferentes componentes, incluidos uno o más de los compuestos de fosfato, seguido por la filtración y calentamiento opcionales para eliminar los disolventes y los materiales volátiles (por ejemplo, agua, ácido nítrico, dióxido de carbono, amoniaco, o ácido acético). El calentamiento se lleva a cabo de forma típica mediante cualquier método conocido por el experto en la técnica, tal como de forma ilustrativa y no excluyente, convección, conducción, radiación, calentamiento mediante microondas, y otros.
En una realización de la invención, el catalizador se calcina. La calcinación es un proceso que permite la reacción química y/o la descomposición térmica y/o la transición de fase y/o la eliminación de materiales volátiles. El proceso de calcinación se lleva a cabo con cualquier equipo conocidos por el experto en la técnica tal como, de forma ilustrativa y no excluyente, hornos o reactores de diferentes diseños, incluidos hornos de eje, estufas rotatorias, hornos de vagoneta, y reactores de lecho fluidizado. La temperatura de calcinación es, en una realización, de 200 °C a 1200 °C; en otra realización, la temperatura de calcinación es de 250 °C a 900 °C; y en otra realización más, la temperatura de calcinación es de 300 °C a 600 °C. El tiempo de calcinación es, en una realización, de aproximadamente una hora a aproximadamente setenta y dos horas.
Aunque los expertos en la técnica conocen muchos métodos y máquinas para fraccionar las partículas en tamaños discretos y determinar la distribución de tamaño de partículas, el tamizado es una de las formas más simples, menos caras y más habituales. Una forma alternativa de determinar la distribución de tamaño de partículas es mediante dispersión de luz. Tras la calcinación, el catalizador, en una realización, se tritura y tamiza para proporcionar un producto más uniforme. La distribución de tamaño de partículas de las partículas del catalizador incluye un intervalo de partícula que, en una realización, es inferior a 3; en otra realización, la distribución de tamaño de partículas de las partículas del catalizador incluye un intervalo de partícula que es inferior a 2; y en otra realización más, la distribución de tamaño de partículas de las partículas del catalizador incluye un intervalo de partícula que es inferior a 1,5. En otra realización de la presente invención, el catalizador se tamiza hasta un tamaño de partícula promedio de 50 µm a 500 µm. En otra realización de la presente invención, el catalizador se tamiza hasta un tamaño de partícula promedio de 100 µm a 200 µm.
En otra realización, el catalizador se prepara mediante las siguientes etapas, que comprenden: (a) combinar Ca2P2O7 y KH2PO4 en una relación molar de 3:1 para obtener una mezcla sólida, y (b) calcinar dicha mezcla sólida por etapas a 50 °C, 80 °C, 120 °C, y de 450 °C a 550 °C, para producir dicho catalizador.
Tras la calcinación y trituración y molienda opcional, el catalizador se puede utilizar para catalizar varias reacciones químicas. Los ejemplos no limitativos de reacciones son: deshidratación de ácido hidroxipropiónico a ácido acrílico (tal como se describe más detalladamente a continuación), deshidratación de glicerina a acroleína, deshidratación de alcoholes alifáticos a alquenos u olefinas, deshidrogenación de alcoholes alifáticos a éteres, otras deshidrogenaciones, hidrólisis, alquilaciones, desalquilaciones, oxidaciones, desproporcionamientos, esterificaciones, ciclaciones, isomerización, condensaciones, aromatizaciones, polimerizaciones, y otras reacciones que puede ser evidentes para una persona experta en la técnica,
IV Métodos para producir ácido acrílico, derivados de ácido acrílico o mezclas de los mismos
Se proporciona un método para deshidratar el ácido hidroxipropiónico, derivados de ácido hidroxipropiónico, o mezclas de los mismos para dar ácido acrílico, derivados de ácido acrílico, o mezclas de los mismos. El método incluye poner en contacto una corriente que comprende ácido hidroxipropiónico, derivados de ácido hidroxipropiónico, o mezclas de los mismos que los contienen con un catalizador, que comprende: (a) al menos un anión fosfato condensado seleccionado del grupo que consiste en las fórmulas (I), (II), y (III),
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Claims (1)

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ES13719327.2T 2012-04-11 2013-04-11 Catalizadores para la conversión de ácido hidroxipropiónico o sus derivados en ácido acrílico o sus derivados Active ES2611360T3 (es)

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ES13719330T Active ES2750448T3 (es) 2012-04-11 2013-04-11 Catálisis para la producción de ácido acrílico o sus derivados
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