ES2533389T3 - Derivados de 1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolina substituidos - Google Patents
Derivados de 1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolina substituidos Download PDFInfo
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- ES2533389T3 ES2533389T3 ES05804734.1T ES05804734T ES2533389T3 ES 2533389 T3 ES2533389 T3 ES 2533389T3 ES 05804734 T ES05804734 T ES 05804734T ES 2533389 T3 ES2533389 T3 ES 2533389T3
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Abstract
El compuesto (2R)-2-{(1S)-6,7-dimetoxi-1-[2-(4-trifluorometil-fenil)-etil]-3,4-dihidro-1H-isoquinolin-2-il}-N-metil-2- fenil-acetamida:**Fórmula** o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable del mismo.
Description
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Esquema 1
Como se ilustra en el esquema de reacción 2 y el esquema de reacción 3 posteriormente, los compuestos
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intermedios de 1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolina de acuerdo con la invención pueden ser convertidos a compuestos de fórmula general (I) siguiendo una de las tres diferentes rutas sintéticas a), b) o c). En la ruta a), la 1,2,3,4tetrahidroisoquinolina es alquilada con un éster metílico del ácido 2-bromo-acético substituido. El éster obtenido es hidrolizado al ácido correspondiente y finalmente convertido a la amida por una reacción de acoplamiento amídico con la amina deseada en la presencia de un reactivo de acoplamiento. En la ruta b), la cadena lateral es introducida por una alquilación directa de la 1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolina respectiva con un derivado de 2-bromo-acetamida:
Esquema 2
Los derivados de 1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolina de fórmula general (I) también pueden ser preparados de una
10 manera estereoselectiva partiendo del (S)-(+)-mandelato de metilo enantioméricamente puro siguiendo la ruta c) (cotéjese el esquema de reacción 3 aquí posteriormente). Por el tratamiento del éster con una solución de amina alcohólica, la amida correspondiente es obtenida, la cual puede ser tosilada con cloruro de p-toluenosulfonilo. En una última etapa, el tosilato es copulado con un derivado de 1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolina para dar el compuesto respectivo de fórmula general (I).
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HEPES ácido 4-(2-hidroxietil)-piperazina-1-etanosulfónico HOBt hidroxibenzotriazol CLAR cromatografía líquida de alta resolución Hex hexano
5 HV condiciones de alto vacío LC cromatografía líquida LDA diisopropilamida de litio MeOH metanol min minutos
10 MS espectroscopía de masa
p.o. por vía oral prep. preparativa PyBOP benzotriazol-il-oxi-tris-pirrolidino-fosfonio-hexafluorofosfato Rf retención frontal
15 TA temperatura ambiente tr tiempo de retención sat saturado tlc cromatografía de capa fina THF tetrahidrofurano
20 Preparación Química
Los siguientes ejemplos ilustran la preparación de los compuestos activos farmacológicamente de la invención pero no limitan para nada el ámbito de la misma.
Todas las temperaturas están establecidas en °C.
Todas las investigaciones de CLAR analíticas y preparativas sobre las fases no quirales son efectuadas utilizando
25 columnas a base de RP-C18. Las investigaciones de CLAR analíticas son efectuadas en dos diferentes instrumentos con tiempos del ciclo de ∼2,5 minutos y ∼3,5 minutos respectivamente. Para las separaciones de CLAR sobre las fases quirales, una columna Chiralcel OD de Daicel Chemical Industries es utilizada. Los compuestos están caracterizados por 1H-RMN (300 MHz) o 13C-RMN (75 MHz) (Varian Oxford; los cambios químicos se dan en ppm con relación al solvente utilizado; multiplicidades: s = singlete, d = doblete, t = triplete; c = cuarteto, m =
30 multiplete, a = amplio, las constantes de acoplamiento están dadas en Hz); por LC-MS, tr está dado en minutos; por TLC (placas de TLC de Merck, gel de sílice 60 F254); o por el punto de fusión.
A. Síntesis de derivados de ácido propiónico:
1. Síntesis de ácido 3-(6-trifluorometil-piridin-3-il)-propiónico:
1.1 Síntesis del éster metílico del ácido 3-(6-trifluorometil-piridin-3-il)-acrílico:
35 Una solución de 6-trifluorometil-piridina-3-carbaldehído (570 mg) en DCM (1,0 ml) es agregada a una solución del éster metílico del ácido (trifenil-5-fosfanilideno)-acético (990 mg) en DCM (2,5 ml). La mezcla es agitada bajo nitrógeno a reflujo durante 20 horas y se concentra al vacío. El residuo es purificado por cromatografía por desorción súbita (EA/heptano 3/7) para dar el éster insaturado deseado como un sólido blanco.
40 1H-RMN (300 MHz, CDCl3): = 3,85 (s, 3H), 6,59 (d, J = 16,2 Hz, 1H), 7,70 (d, J = 16,2 Hz, 1H), 7,71 (d, J = 8,1 Hz, 1H), 7,98 (dd, J = 8,1 Hz, J = 2,1 Hz, 1H), 8,84 (s a, 1H).
1.2 Síntesis de éster metílico del ácido 3-(6-trifluorometil-piridin-3-il)-propiónico:
Una solución del éster metílico del ácido 3-(6-trifluorometil-piridin-3-il)-acrílico (720 mg) en metanol (5,0 ml) se trata
45 con Pd/C (10 %, 240 mg) y se agita bajo una atmósfera de hidrógeno ( 1 bar) a TA durante 20 horas. La suspensión es filtrada a través de celite y se concentra al vacío para dar el éster del ácido propiónico como un aceite incoloro.
10 5
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1H-RMN (300 MHz, CDCl3): = 2,69 (t, J = 7,4 Hz, 2H), 3,05 (t, J = 7,4 Hz, 2H), 3,68 (s, 3H), 7,60 (d, J = 7,8 Hz, 1H), 7,71 (d a, J = 8,1 Hz, 1H), 8,58 (s a, 1H).
1.3 Síntesis de ácido 3-(6-trifluorometil-piridin-3-il)-propiónico:
El monohidrato del hidróxido de litio (330 mg) es agregado en una porción a una solución del éster metílico del ácido 3-(6-trifluorometil-piridin-3-il)-propiónico (610 mg) en una mezcla de THF (15 ml) y agua (5 ml). La mezcla es agitada durante 20 h a TA. Se agrega DCM y HCl acuoso (1,0 M), las capas son separadas y la capa acuosa se extrae dos veces con DCM. Los extractos orgánicos combinados se secan sobre MgSO4 y se concentran al vacío para dar el ácido propiónico deseado como un sólido beige.1H-RMN (300 MHz, CDCl3): = 2,75 (t, J = 7,4 Hz, 2H), 3,06 (t, J = 7,4, 2H), 7,62 (d, J = 8,1 Hz, 1H), 7,73 (d a, J = 8,1 Hz, 1H), 8,62 (s a, 1H).
B. Síntesis de derivados de 2-bromo-acetamida:
1. Síntesis de 2-bromo-N-metil-2-fenil-acetamida:
1.1. Síntesis de N-hidroxi-N-metil-2-fenil-acetamida:
A 0 °C se agrega cloruro de fenil-acetilo (11,2 ml) por goteo a una solución de clorhidrato de N-metil-hidroxilamina (7,07 g) y trietilamina (59 ml) en DCM (300 ml). Después de agitación durante 90 minutos, se agrega una solución de NaHCO3 acuosa, saturada, las capas se separan y la capa acuosa se extrae dos veces con DCM (2 x 200 ml). Los solventes son eliminados al vacío y el residuo es purificado por cromatografía por desorción súbita (EA/heptano 1/1) para dar la N-hidroxi-acetamida deseada como un líquido incoloro. LC-MS: tr = 0,63 min., 166 (M+1, ES+).
1.2 Síntesis de 2-bromo-N-metil-2-fenil-acetamida:
A 0 °C se agrega trietilamina (5,49 ml) a una solución de N-hidroxi-N-metil-2-fenil-acetamida (6,5 g) en DCM (200 ml). La mezcla se trata por goteo con una solución de cloruro de metanosulfonilo (3,21 ml) en DCM (60 ml). Después de 2 horas se agrega agua (150 ml), las capas son separadas y la capa acuosa se extrae dos veces con EA (2 x 100 ml). Los extractos orgánicos se combinan y se concentran al vacío para dar el mesilato crudo como un aceite amarillo claro.
El mesilato es disuelto en acetonitrilo (200 ml). El bromuro de litio (15,3 g) es agregado y la mezcla de reacción es tratada con ultrasonido durante 5 minutos. Después de la adición de diisopropil-etilamina (6,78 ml) la mezcla es tratada nuevamente con ultrasonido durante 5 minutos y se agita durante 60 minutos adicionales a temperatura ambiente. Se agregan agua (150 ml) y acetato de etilo (200 ml), las capas son separadas y la capa acuosa se extrae dos veces con acetato de etilo (2 x 200 ml). Los extractos orgánicos combinados se concentran al vacío y se purifican por cromatografía por desorción súbita (acetato de etilo/heptano 2:3) para dar el bromuro deseado como un sólido blanco. LC-MS: tr = 0,75 min., 228 (M+1, ES+).
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2.2. Síntesis de (1S)-6,7-dimetoxi-1-[2-(6-trifluorometil-piridin-3-il)-etil]-1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolina:
Este compuesto es preparado por la hidrogenación de transferencia de la 6,7-dimetoxi-1-[2-(6-trifluorometil-piridin-3il)-etil]-3,4-dihidroisoquinolina. LC-MS: tr = 0,73 min, 367 (M+1, ES+). CLAR quiral: tr = 10,9 min (hexano/etanol 4/1; enantiómero tr = 24,4 min).
3. Síntesis de 1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolinas por medio de la alquilación de las 1-metil-3,4-dihidroisoquinolinas (procedimiento general):
A 0 °C se agrega por goteo una solución de n-BuLi en hexano (1,6 M, 0,63 mmol) a una mezcla de 6,7-dimetoxi-1metil-3,4-dihidroisoquinolina (0,50 mmol) y diisopropilamina (0,63 mmol) en THF (1,0 ml). La mezcla de reacción es agitada a TA durante 1 h y se agrega a 0 °C a una solución del bromuro de bencilo respectiva (0,50 mmol) en THF (1,0 ml). La solución es agitada durante 1 h, se calienta a TA y se diluye con DCM (3,0 ml).
En un segundo matraz se agrega el dímero de dicloro(p-cimeno)rutenio (II) (0,15 mmol) a una solución de N((1R,2R)-2-amino-1,2-difenil-etil)-2,4,6-trimetil-benceno-sulfonamida (0,30 mmol) y trietilamina (0,60 mmol) en acetonitrilo (3,3 ml). La mezcla se agita durante 1 h a 80 °C. Una porción de esta solución (0,10 ml) es agregada a la solución de la dihidroisoquinolina respectiva (descrita anteriormente). Una mezcla azeotrópica de ácido fórmico y trietilamina (5:2, 0,3 ml) es agregada (evolución de gas). Después de 2 días, la mezcla es concentrada al vacío y purificada por CLAR preparativa para dar la 1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolina respectiva.
El exceso enantiomérico es determinado por CLAR quiral.
La configuración absoluta del producto respectivo es asignada en analogía con la literatura (N. Uematsu, A. Fujii, S. Hashiguchi, T. Ikariya, R. Noyori, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4916-4917).
3.1. Síntesis de (1S)-6,7-dimetoxi-1-[2-(4-trifluorometil-fenil)-etil]-1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolina:
Este compuesto es preparado por la alquilación del 6,7-dimetoxi-1-metil-3,4-dihidroisoquinolina con 1-bromometil-4trifluorometil-benceno. LC-MS: tr = 0,80 min, 366 (M+1, ES+). CLAR quiral: tr = 12,0 min (hexano/etanol 9/1; enantiómero: tr = 17,1 min).
H. Síntesis de derivados del éster metílico del ácido (3,4-dihidro-1H-isoquinolin-2-il)-fenil-acético (procedimiento general):
Se agregan sucesivamente DIPEA (43,0 mmol) y un éster metílico del ácido α-bromo-fenil-acético (21,5 mmol) a una solución de la 1,2,3,4-tetrahidroisoquinolina respectiva (21,5 mmol) en ya sea THF, dioxano o tolueno (150 ml). La mezcla es sometida a reflujo durante 20 h y se deja que alcance TA. Se agrega agua (250 ml) y EA (200 ml), las capas se separan y la capa acuosa se extrae dos veces con EA (2 x 100 ml). Los extractos orgánicos combinados son concentrados al vacío y ya sea purificados por cromatografía instantánea o utilizados con purificación adicional.
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Los datos son proporcionados para el diastereoisómero más activo (IC50, FLIPR). Rf= 0,15 (EA/heptano 3/1); LC-MS: tr = 0,81 min, 514 (M+1, ES+). 1H-RMN (300 MHz, CDCl3): = 1,73-1,86 (m, 1H), 2,02-2,16 (m, 1H), 2,41-2,52 (m, 1H), 2,59-2,71 (m, 1H), 2,87 (d, J=5,1 Hz, 3H), 2,88-3,03 (m, 1H), 3,04-3,17 (m, 2H), 3,26-3,36 (m, 2H), 3,69 (s, 3H), 3,83 (s, 3H), 4,23 (s, 1H), 6,04 (s, 1H), 6,55 (s, 1H), 6,74 (c, J=5,1 Hz, 1H), 7,10-7,16 (m, 2H), 7,19-7,27 (m, 3H), 7,51-7,61 (m, 2H), 8,52 (s, 1H).
Ensayos Biológicos
Ensayo in vitro
La actividad antagonista del receptor de orexina de los compuestos de fórmula general (I) es determinada de acuerdo con el siguiente método experimental.
Método experimental:
• Mediciones de calcio intracelular:
Las células del ovario del hámster chino (CHO) que expresan el receptor de orexina-1 humano y el receptor de orexina-2 humano, respectivamente, se hacen crecer en el medio de cultivo (Ham F-12 con L-glutamina) que contiene 300 µg/ml de G418, 100 U/ml de penicilina, 100 µg/ml de estreptomicina y 10 % de suero de bovino fetal inactivado (FCS). Las células son sembradas a 80,000 células/pocillo en placas estériles de fondo claro, negro, de 96 pocillos (Costar), que han sido pre-recubiertas con 1 % de gelatina en una solución salina balanceada de Hank (HBSS). Todos los reactivos son de Gibco BRL. Las placas sembradas son incubadas toda la noche a 37 °C en 5 % de CO2.
La orexina-A humana como un agonista es preparada como una solución madre 1 mM en metanol: agua (1:1), diluida en HBSS que contiene 0,1 % de albúmina del suero de bovino (BSA) y HEPES 2 mM para su uso en el ensayo a una concentración final de 10 nM.
Los antagonistas son preparados como una solución madre 10 mM en DMSO, luego se diluyen en placas de 96 pocillos, primero en DMSO, luego en HBSS que contiene 0,1 % de albúmina de suero del bovino (BSA) y HEPES 2 mM.
El día del ensayo, 100 µl del medio de carga (HBSS que contiene 1 % de FCS, 2 mM de HEPES, probenecid 5 mM (Sigma) y 3 µM del indicador de calcio fluorescente fluo-3 AM (una solución madre 1 mM en DMSO con 10 % de ácido plurónico) (Molecular Probes) son agregados a cada pocillo.
Las placas de 96 pocillos son incubadas durante 60 minutos a 37 °C en CO2 al 5 %. La solución de carga es aspirada entonces y las células son lavadas 3 veces con 200 µl de HBSS que contiene 2,5 mM de probenecid, 0,1 % BSA, HEPES 2 mM. 100 µl de este mismo amortiguador son dejados en cada pocillo.
Dentro del lector de placas para la formación de imágenes fluorescentes (FLIPR, Molecular Devices), se agregan los antagonistas a la placa en un volumen de 50 µl, se incuban durante 20 minutos y finalmente 100 µl del agonista son agregados. La fluorescencia es medida para cada pocillo a intervalos de 1 segundo, y la altura de cada pico de fluorescencia es comparada con la altura del pico de fluorescencia inducida por orexina-A 10 nM con el amortiguador en lugar del antagonista. Para cada antagonista, el valor IC50 (la concentración del compuesto necesaria para inhibir 50 % de la respuesta agonista) es determinado. Las actividades antagonistas de los compuestos están en el intervalo nanomolar.
• Mediciones de la potencia inhibidora contra diferentes CYPs:
Los estudios de inhibición de CYP son efectuados utilizando microsomas del hígado humano (grupo de 10 individuos), substratos selectivos de la isoforma de CYP establecidos en la literatura, y la cuantificación por ya sea LC-MS/MS (para CYP3A4 y CYP2C9) o CLAR convencional con una detección fluorimétrica (para CYP2D6). Las sondas específicas fueron hidroxilación con midazolam 1’ para CYP3A4, hidroxilación con dextrometorfano 3 para CYP2D6 e hidroxilación con diclofenaco 4’ para CYP2C9. Los experimentos fueron llevados a cabo por duplicado en placas de 96 pocillos con las concentraciones del substrato alrededor de los valores de Km respectivos (la tabla 1 muestra un resumen de las condiciones experimentales) y las concentraciones del inhibidor 7 hasta 50 µM. Los controles (sulfafenazol para CYP2C9, fluoxetina para CYP2D6, y nicardipina para CYP3A4) fueron corridos en paralelo en cada placa.
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