EP2177641B1 - Tôle d'acier comprenant une revetement contre la corrosion a base de zinc - Google Patents

Tôle d'acier comprenant une revetement contre la corrosion a base de zinc Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2177641B1
EP2177641B1 EP20090015813 EP09015813A EP2177641B1 EP 2177641 B1 EP2177641 B1 EP 2177641B1 EP 20090015813 EP20090015813 EP 20090015813 EP 09015813 A EP09015813 A EP 09015813A EP 2177641 B1 EP2177641 B1 EP 2177641B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
zinc
corrosion protection
sheet steel
sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20090015813
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2177641A1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Faderl
Martin Dipl.-Ing. Fleischanderl
Siegfried Dipl.-Ing. Kolnberger
Gerald Dipl.-Ing. Landl
Anna Elisabeth Dr. Raab
Robert Vehof
Wolfgang Stall
Werner Brandstaetter
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Priority claimed from AT12022003A external-priority patent/AT412403B/de
Priority claimed from AT0120303A external-priority patent/AT412878B/de
Application filed by Voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Priority to PL09015813T priority Critical patent/PL2177641T3/pl
Publication of EP2177641A1 publication Critical patent/EP2177641A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
    • C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/04—Stamping using rigid devices or tools for dimpling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
    • C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
    • C21D2251/02—Clad material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982—Coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49995—Shaping one-piece blank by removing material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hardened component made of sheet steel.
  • the most widely used raw material in bodybuilding is steel. With no other material can be in such large areas cost components with different material properties available.
  • a perspective, in particular for bodies in the automotive industry are components made of steel sheet with a strength depending on the alloy composition in a range of 1000 up to 2000 MPa.
  • a scale layer forms on the surface. This is removed after forming and cooling. This is usually done with sandblasting. Before or after this descaling, the final trimming and the insertion of holes is carried out. If the final trimming and the insertion of the holes are carried out before sandblasting, it is disadvantageous that the cut edges and hole edges are affected. Irrespective of the order of the processing steps after curing, it is disadvantageous in the case of final scaling by sandblasting and comparable methods that the component is often distorted as a result. After said processing steps, a so-called piece coating with a corrosion protection layer takes place. For example, a cathodically effective corrosion protection layer is applied.
  • the post-processing of the cured component is extremely expensive and is subject to very high wear due to the hardening of the component. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that the piece coating usually causes a corrosion protection, which is not particularly pronounced is. In addition, the layer thicknesses are not uniform, but fluctuate over the component surface.
  • this method it is also known to cold form a component from a sheet metal blank and then heat to the Austenitmaschinestemperatur and then cool rapidly in a calibration tool, wherein the calibration tool is responsible for the component, which is warped by the warm-up, with respect the reshaped areas are calibrated. Subsequently, the post-processing described above. Compared with the method described above, this method allows more complex geometries, since essentially only linear shapes can be produced during simultaneous forming and hardening, but complex shapes can not be realized in such forming processes.
  • a method for producing a hardened steel component in which a sheet of hardenable steel is heated to the hardening temperature and then placed in a shaping device in which the sheet is formed into the desired final shape, wherein simultaneously cooled rapidly during the forming, so that a martensitic or bainitic structure is obtained while the sheet remains in the molding apparatus.
  • a starting material for example, a boron-alloyed carbon steel or carbon manganese steel is used.
  • the deformation is preferably a compression but can also be used with other methods.
  • the forming and cooling should preferably be carried out and carried out so rapidly that a fine-grained martensitic or bainitic structure is obtained.
  • From the EP 1 253 208 A1 is a method for producing a hardened sheet metal profile from a board, which in one Pressing tool for sheet metal profile is thermoformed and hardened, known.
  • On the sheet metal profile projecting reference points or collars are generated from the plane of the board, which serve for positional orientation of the sheet metal profile in subsequent manufacturing operations.
  • the collars should be formed during the forming process of non-perforated areas of the board, the reference points are generated in the form of marginal stampings or as enforcements or collar in the sheet metal profile.
  • the hot forming and hardening in the pressing tool should generally have advantages due to the efficient by the combination of forming and tempering process in a tool operation. Due to the clamping of the sheet metal profile in the tool and due to thermal stresses, however, it should come to not exactly predeterminable delay on the component. This can adversely affect downstream manufacturing operations, which is why the reference points are created on the sheet metal profile.
  • a method of making sheet steel products wherein a steel sheet product is molded in a pair of cooled tools while hot and hardened into a martensitic structure while still in the tool, so that the tools act as a fixture during the process of curing.
  • the steel shall be kept in the mild steel area, with inserts in the tools used to prevent rapid cooling and thereby a martensitic structure in these areas.
  • the same effect should also be achieved by recesses in the tools, so that a gap between the steel sheet and the tools occurs.
  • this method is a disadvantage that due to the considerable delay that can occur here, the present Method for press hardening of components with more complex structure is unfit.
  • a method for producing locally reinforced sheet metal formed parts wherein the base sheet of the structural part connected in a flat state with the reinforcing sheet and defined this so-called patched composite sheet is then formed together.
  • the patched composite sheet is heated to at least about 800 to 850 ° C before forming, quickly inserted, rapidly formed in the warm state and then with mechanical maintenance of the forming state
  • Contacting with the internally forced-cooled forming tool defines cooled.
  • the extent relevant temperature range 800 to 500 ° C is to be traversed with a defined cooling rate.
  • the step of connecting reinforcing sheet and base sheet should be readily integrated in the forming process, wherein the parts are brazed together whereby an effective corrosion protection at the contact zone can be achieved at the same time.
  • the tools are very expensive, in particular due to the defined internal cooling.
  • a method and apparatus for pressing and hardening a steel part are known.
  • the aim is to press and harden sheet steel pieces in the form of avoiding the disadvantages of known methods, in particular that parts made of steel sheet are produced in successive separate steps for compression molding and hardening.
  • the cured or quenched products compared to the desired Form show a delay, so that additional work steps are required.
  • it is intended to place a piece of steel, after the piece has been heated to a temperature attaining its austenitic condition, between a pair of cooperating mold members, whereupon the piece is pressed and at the same time heat is rapidly dissipated from the piece to the mold pieces.
  • the mold parts are kept at a cooling temperature throughout the process, so that a quenching effect is exerted on the piece under a molding pressure.
  • a method of producing a part having very high mechanical properties is known, wherein the part is to be produced by punching a strip from a rolled steel sheet, and in particular a hot rolled and coated part is coated with a metal or metal alloy covering the surface of the steel to protect, wherein the steel sheet is cut to obtain a steel sheet preform, the steel sheet preform is cold or hot formed and is either cooled and hardened after hot working or heated after cold working and then cooled.
  • An intermetallic alloy should be applied to the surface before or after forming and protection against corrosion and steel decarburization, and this intermetallic mixture may also have a lubricating function. Subsequently, the supernatant material is removed from the molding.
  • the coating should generally be based on zinc or zinc-aluminum.
  • a steel can be used which is electrolytically galvanized on both sides, with an austenitization to take place at 950 ° C.
  • This electrolytically galvanized layer is completely converted into an iron-zinc alloy during austenitisation. It is stated that during forming and while being held for cooling, the coating does not hinder the heat flow through the tool and even improves heat dissipation.
  • this document proposes as an alternative to an electrolytically galvanized tape to use a coating of 45% to 50% zinc, balance aluminum. In the aforementioned method in its two embodiments is disadvantageous that a cathodic corrosion protection is practically no longer available.
  • a coating with a mixture of 45 to 50% zinc and 55 to 45% aluminum also exhibits no significant cathodic corrosion protection. While it is claimed in this reference that the use of zinc as a coating as a coating would provide even for the edges a galvanic protection, but this can not be achieved in practice. In practice, the coatings described can not even achieve sufficient galvanic protection in the surface.
  • a method of manufacturing a rolled steel strip component, and in particular a hot rolled strip is known.
  • the aim is to be able to offer rolled steel sheets of 0.2 to 2.0 mm thickness, which are coated, inter alia, after hot rolling and the deformation either cold or hot, followed by a thermal Treatment, wherein the increase in temperature without steel decarburization and without oxidation of the surface of the aforementioned sheets before, during and after the hot working or the thermal treatment is to be ensured.
  • the sheet should be provided with a metal or a metal alloy, which ensures the protection of the surface of the sheet, then the sheet is subjected to a temperature increase for the forming, then a transformation of the sheet are performed and the part are finally cooled.
  • the coated sheet is to be pressed while hot and the part formed by the deep drawing to be cooled to be cured and that at a speed which is higher than the critical curing rate.
  • a steel alloy which should be suitable, said steel sheet to be austenitized at 950 ° C before it is deformed and hardened in the tool.
  • the applied coating should consist in particular of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, whereby not only an oxidation and decarburization protection, but also a lubricating effect should result.
  • the steel used should be an air-hardening steel, which may be heated under a protective gas atmosphere in order to avoid scaling during heating. Otherwise, a scale layer on the mold component is descaled after hot working of the mold component.
  • the component blank is shaped close to the final contour, "near net shape” being understood to mean that those parts of the geometry of the finished component which are associated with a macroscopic flow of material completely into the component blank after completion of the cold forming process are formed. After completing the cold forming process, the three-dimensional shape of the component is thus intended to be produced only slight shape adjustments are necessary, which require a minimal local material flow.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a hardened component made of sheet steel, which has a cathodic protection against corrosion, is dimensionally stable and accurate and has the lowest manufacturing tolerances.
  • the forming of the components as well as the trimming and punching of the components is carried out essentially in the uncured state.
  • the relatively good deformability of the particular material used in the unhardened state allows the realization of complex component geometries and replaces expensive subsequent trimming in the cured state by significantly less expensive mechanical cutting operations before the hardening process.
  • the unavoidable dimensional changes due to the heating of the component are already taken into account in forming the cold sheet, so that the component is made approximately 0.5 to 2% smaller than the final dimensions. At least the expected thermal expansion during forming is considered.
  • the areas of high complexity and forming depth and possibly the narrow toleranced areas of the component such as in particular the cut edges, the shape edges, the forming surfaces and possibly the hole pattern, such as
  • the reference holes with the desired final tolerances, in particular the trimming and position tolerances, of the finished, hardened component, in which case the thermal expansion of the component is taken into account or compensated for by the heating.
  • the component after cold forming is about 0.5% to 2% smaller than the nominal final dimensions of the finished, hardened component.
  • Smaller here means that the component after cold forming in all three spatial axes is thus three-dimensionally finished molded.
  • the thermal expansion is thus considered equally for all three spatial axes.
  • the thermal expansion can not be taken into account for example by the incomplete closure of the mold for all spatial axes, since only in the Z direction, by an incomplete formation, an elongation could be considered.
  • the three-dimensional geometry or contour of the tool is preferably made smaller in all three spatial axes.
  • a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and in particular a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with a corrosion protection layer of a specific composition is used.
  • the corrosion protection according to the invention for steel sheets, which are first subjected to a heat treatment and then reformed and thereby hardened, is a cathodic corrosion protection which is essentially based on zinc.
  • an oxygen-affine element such as magnesium, silicon, titanium, calcium and aluminum are added to the zinc forming the coating. It has been found that such small amounts of an oxygen affinity element as magnesium, silicon, titanium, calcium, and aluminum produce a surprising effect in this particular application.
  • At least Mg, Al, Ti, Si, Ca come into consideration as oxygen-affine elements.
  • Al is mentioned below, this is representative of the other elements mentioned.
  • an approximately two-layer corrosion protection layer is formed, which consists of a cathodically highly effective layer, with a high proportion of zinc and an oxidation protective layer of an oxide (Al 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, TiO , SiO 2 ) is protected against oxidation and evaporation.
  • an oxidation protective layer of an oxide Al 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, TiO , SiO 2
  • This means that the heat treatment must be carried out in an oxidized atmosphere.
  • protective gas oxygen-free atmosphere
  • the corrosion protection layer according to the invention for the press-hardening process also has such a high mechanical stability that a forming step following the austenitizing of the sheets does not destroy this layer.
  • the cathodic protection is at least significantly greater than the protective effect of the known anticorrosive layers for the press hardening process.
  • a zinc alloy with a content of aluminum in weight percent of greater than 0.1 but less than 15%, in particular less than 10%, more preferably less than 5% on a Steel plate, in particular an alloyed steel sheet are applied, whereupon in a second step, parts of the coated sheet worked out and in particular cut out or punched out be heated and on access of atmospheric oxygen to a temperature above the Austenitmaschinestemperatur the sheet metal alloy and then cooled at an increased rate.
  • a transformation of the cut out of the sheet metal part (the board) can be carried out before or after the heating of the sheet to the Austenitmaschinestemperatur.
  • a thin barrier phase is formed, in particular Fe 2 Al 5 -x Zn x , which forms the Fe-Zn Diffusion in a liquid metal coating process, which takes place in particular at a temperature up to 690 ° C, hindered.
  • the sheet is formed with a zinc-metal coating with an addition of aluminum, which is effective only towards the sheet surface, as in the proximal region of the support an extremely thin barrier phase, which is effective against rapid growth of an iron-zinc compound phase, having.
  • the aluminum is withdrawn from the proximal blocking phase by continuous diffusion towards the distal region and is available there for the formation of the superficial Al 2 O 3 layer.
  • the formation of a sheet metal coating is achieved, which leaves a cathodically highly effective layer with a high zinc content.
  • Well suited is for example a zinc alloy with a content of aluminum in weight percent of greater than 0.2 but less than 4, preferably of size 0.26 but less than 2.5 wt .-%.
  • the zinc alloy layer is applied to the sheet surface passing through a liquid metal bath at a temperature higher than 425 ° C, but lower than 690 ° C, especially at 440 ° C to 495 ° C, followed by cooling of the coated sheet, not only the proximal locking phase can be effectively formed, or a very good diffusion inhibition can be observed in the region of the barrier layer, but it also takes place to improve the hot preforming properties of the sheet material.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is given in a method in which a hot or cold rolled steel strip having a thickness of for example greater than 0.15 mm and having a concentration range of at least one of the alloying elements within the limits in wt .-% carbon to 0.4, preferably 0.15 to 0.3 silicon to 1.9, preferably 0.11 to 1.5 manganese to 3.0, preferably 0.8 to 2.5 chrome to 1.5, preferably 0.1 to 0.9 molybdenum to 0.9, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 nickel to 0.9, titanium to 0.2 preferably 0.02 to 0.1 vanadium to 0.2 tungsten to 0.2, aluminum to 0.2, preferably 0.02 to 0.07 boron to 0.01, preferably 0.0005 to 0.005 sulfur Max. 0.01, preferably max. 0.008 phosphorus Max. 0.025, preferably max. 0.01 Rest iron and impurities is used.
  • the surface structure of the cathodic corrosion protection according to the invention is particularly favorable for a high adhesion of paints and varnishes.
  • such a zinc layer is apparently not significantly impaired during cold forming. Rather, in the invention in an advantageous manner when trimming and punching the cold board zinc material is carried by the tool from the zinc layer in the cutting edge and smeared along the cutting edge.
  • a coating with zinc also has the advantage that the component loses less heat after heating and when transferred to a mold hardening tool, so that the component does not have to be heated so high. As a result, lower thermal expansions occur, so that a tolerance-accurate production is simplified, since the total strains are smaller.
  • the component at the lower temperature has a higher stability which allows better handling and faster insertion into the mold.
  • the uncured, galvanized special sheet is first cut into blanks.
  • the processed boards may be rectangular, trapezoidal or shaped boards.
  • all known cutting processes can be used.
  • cutting processes are used which do not introduce heat into the sheet during the cutting process.
  • the final trimming is carried out in said conventional tools.
  • the molded part which has been formed in the cold state, is made smaller by 0.5 to 2% than the nominal geometry of the end component, so that the thermal expansion during heating is thereby compensated.
  • the moldings produced by the processes mentioned should be cold formed, the dimensions of which are within the required by the customer for the finished part tolerance field. If larger tolerances occur in the aforesaid cold forming, they may be partially corrected later, minimally, during the molding hardening process, which will be discussed later. However, the tolerance correction in the mold hardening process is preferably performed only for shape deviations. Such form deviations can thus be corrected in the manner of a hot calibration.
  • the correction process should as far as possible be limited to one bending operation, wherein cutting edges that are dependent on the amount of material (in relation to the forming edge) should not and can not subsequently be influenced, ie, if the geometry of the cutting edges in the parts is not correct , in the form hardening tool no correction can be made.
  • the tolerance range with respect to the cutting edges corresponds to the tolerance range during the cold forming and the shape hardening process.
  • no distinctive folds should be present within a molded part, because then the uniformity of the printed image and a uniform shape hardening process can not be guaranteed.
  • the deformed and cut part is heated to an annealing temperature above 780 ° C, especially 800 ° C to 950 ° C, and held at that temperature for a few seconds to a few minutes, at least until a desired austenitization has occurred ,
  • the component is subjected to the inventive form hardening step.
  • the component is inserted into a tool within a press, wherein this mold hardening tool preferably corresponds to the desired final geometry of the finished component, that is to say the size of the cold-formed component including the thermal expansion.
  • the mold-hardening tool has a geometry or contour that essentially corresponds to the geometry or contour of the cold-forming tool, but is 0.5 to 2% larger (with respect to all three spatial axes).
  • the aim of the mold hardening is a full-surface positive connection between the mold hardening tool and the workpiece or component to be hardened immediately after closing the tool.
  • the molding is placed at a temperature of about 740 ° C to 910 ° C, preferably 780 ° C to 840 ° C in the mold hardening tool, the previous cold forming as already considered takes into account the thermal expansion of the part at this EinlegeTemperatur range.
  • an insertion temperature of 780 ° C to 840 ° C can be achieved even if the annealing temperature of the cold-formed component between 800 ° C and 850 ° C, since the special zinc coating according to the invention - compared to uncoated Sheet metal - reduces rapid cooling.
  • This has the advantage that the parts must be heated less high and in particular a heating to over 900 ° C can be avoided. This in turn results in an interaction with the zinc coating since the zinc coating is less affected at somewhat lower temperatures.
  • a part is first removed by a robot from a conveyor belt and placed in a marking station, so that each part can be traceably marked before it is hardened. Subsequently, the robot places the part on an intermediate carrier, wherein the intermediate carrier runs over a conveyor belt in an oven and the part is heated.
  • a continuous furnace with convection heating for example, a continuous furnace with convection heating is used.
  • any other heat aggregates or ovens can be used, in particular ovens, in which the moldings are heated electromagnetically or with microwaves.
  • the molding passes through the furnace on the support, the support being provided so that the corrosion protection coating is not transferred to rolls of the continuous furnace or is rubbed off by it during heating.
  • the parts are heated to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the alloy used lies.
  • the maximum temperature of the parts is kept as low as possible, which, as already stated, is made possible in particular by the part being cooled more slowly by the zinc layer.
  • a robot takes the part, depending on the thickness at 780 ° C to 950 ° C, especially 860 ° C to 900 ° C from the oven and places it in the mold hardening tool.
  • the molded part loses approximately 10 ° C. to 80 ° C., in particular 40 ° C., whereby the insertion robot is preferably designed such that it inserts the part accurately into the mold hardening tool at high speed.
  • the molded part is placed by the robot on a part lifter and then quickly shut down the press, the part lifter displaced and the part is fixed. This will ensure that the component is properly positioned and guided until the tool is closed.
  • the part still has a temperature of at least 780 ° C.
  • the surface of the tool has a temperature of less than 50 ° C, whereby the part is rapidly cooled to 80 ° C to 200 ° C. The longer the part is held in the tool, the better the dimensional accuracy.
  • the tool is in this case charged by thermal shock, which allows the inventive method, in particular if no forming steps are carried out during the forming step, the tool should be designed for high thermal shock resistance with respect to its base material.
  • the tools In conventional methods, the tools must also have a high abrasion resistance, but in the present case does not play a significant role and thus reduces the cost of the tool.
  • a robot takes the parts out of the press and places them on a rack, where they continue to cool down.
  • the cooling can, if desired, be accelerated by additional blowing of air.
  • the inventive mold hardening without appreciable forming steps and with a substantially full-surface fit of the tool and the tool piece, it is ensured that all areas of the workpiece are defined and uniformly cooled on all sides.
  • a comprehensible defined cooling takes place only when the forming process has progressed so far that the material rests against both mold halves.
  • the material is preferably immediately on all sides positively against the mold halves.
  • An additional advantage is the low stress on the mold hardening tool due to the complete cold end geometry. This allows a much higher tool life and dimensional accuracy can be achieved, which in turn means a cost reduction.
  • the form hardening is performed so that a concern of the workpiece to the mold halves or a positive connection between the workpiece and Tool only takes place in the tightly tolerated areas such as the cutting and shaping edges, the forming surfaces and possibly in the areas of the hole pattern.
  • the positive connection in these areas is brought about such that these areas are held and clamped so securely that less tightly tolerated areas can undergo hot working in the tool, without the already dimensionally accurate and tolerated tightly tolerated areas are adversely affected and warped in particular.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
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  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Pièce en tôle d'acier comprenant une couche de protection anticorrosion cathodique, réalisée par les étapes suivantes :
    a) la mise en forme à froid en une pièce conformée à partir d'une tôle d'acier pourvue d'une protection anticorrosion cathodique, et
    b) avant, pendant ou après la mise en forme à froid de la pièce conformée, l'exécution d'une découpe finale de la pièce conformée et les poinçonnages nécessaires, ou la réalisation d'un motif de trous,
    c) la mise en forme à froid et la découpe ainsi les poinçonnages et la réalisation d'un motif de trous étant exécutés sur la pièce de telle sorte que la pièce conformée est plus petite de 0,5 % à 2 % que la pièce durcie finale,
    d) la pièce conformée mise en forme à froid étant ensuite chauffée au moins dans des régions partielles avec admission d'oxygène de l'air à une température qui permet une austénitisation du matériau en acier, et
    e) la pièce chauffée étant ensuite transférée dans un outil de durcissement en forme, et un durcissement en forme étant exécuté dans l'outil de durcissement en forme, dans lequel la pièce est refroidie par contact et pressage (maintien) de la pièce par les outils de durcissement en forme, et elle est ainsi durcie, et
    f) la couche de protection anticorrosion est une couche de protection anticorrosion déposée par un procédé d'immersion dans un bain en fusion, et le revêtement est constitué d'un mélange comprenant essentiellement du zinc, et le mélange contient en outre un ou plusieurs éléments présentant une affinité vis-à-vis de l'oxygène dans une quantité totale de 0,1 % en poids à 15 % en poids, par référence à la totalité du mélange, la couche de protection anticorrosion possédant en surface une peau d'oxydes de l'élément ou des éléments présentant une affinité vis-à-vis de l'oxygène, et le revêtement possède au moins deux phases, à savoir une phase riche en zinc et une phase riche en fer,
    g) on ajoute au zinc formant le revêtement, à titre d'éléments présentant une affinité vis-à-vis de l'oxygène, du magnésium et/ou du silicium et/ou du titane et/ou du calcium et/ou de l'aluminium.
  2. Pièce en tôle d'acier selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la tôle d'acier formant la pièce possède une résistance de 800 à 2000 MPa.
  3. Pièce en tôle d'acier selon la revendication 1 et/ou 2, caractérisée en ce que pour une épaisseur de 15 µm, la couche de protection anticorrosion possède un effet de protection cathodique d'au moins 4 J/cm2.
  4. Pièce en tôle d'acier selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la couche de protection anticorrosion comprend, à titre d'éléments présentant une affinité vis-à-vis de l'oxygène dans le mélange, du magnésium et/ou du silicium et/ou du titane et/ou du calcium et/ou de l'aluminium.
  5. Pièce en tôle d'acier selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la phase riche en fer présente un rapport zinc/fer de 0,95 au maximum (Zn/Fe ≤ 0,95), de préférence de 0,20 à 0,80 (Zn/Fe = 0,20 à 0,80), et la phase riche en zinc présente un rapport zinc/fer de 2,0 au minimum (Zn/Fe ≥ 2,0), de préférence de 2,3 à 19,0 (Zn/Fe = 2,3 à 19,0).
  6. Pièce en tôle d'acier selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la phase riche en fer possède un rapport zinc/fer d'environ 30 : 70, et la phase riche en zinc présente un rapport zinc/fer d'environ 80 : 20.
  7. Pièce en tôle d'acier selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la pièce en tôle d'acier comprend en outre des zones individuelles présentant des parts de zinc ≥ 90 % en poids de zinc.
  8. Pièce en tôle d'acier selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, la pièce étant réalisée à partir d'une bande d'acier laminée à chaud ou à froid présentant une épaisseur de ≥ 0,15 mm et une gamme de concentration de l'un au moins des éléments d'alliage dans les limites, en % en poids carbone jusqu'à 0,4, de préférence 0,15 à 0,3, silicium jusqu'à 1,9, de préférence 0,11 à 1,5, manganèse jusqu'à 3,0, de préférence 0,8 à 2,5, chrome jusqu'à 1,5, de préférence 0,1 à 0,9, molybdène jusqu'à 0,9, de préférence 0,1 à 0,5, nickel jusqu'à 0,9, titane jusqu'à 0,2, de préférence 0,02 à 0,1, vanadium jusqu'à 0,2, tungstène jusqu'à 0,2, aluminium jusqu'à 0,2, de préférence 0,02 à 0,07, bore jusqu'à 0,01, de préférence 0,0005 à 0,005, soufre 0,01 au max, de préférence 0,008 au max, phosphore 0,025 au max, de préférence 0,01 au max,
    le reste étant du fer et des impuretés.
EP20090015813 2003-07-29 2004-06-09 Tôle d'acier comprenant une revetement contre la corrosion a base de zinc Expired - Lifetime EP2177641B1 (fr)

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AT12022003A AT412403B (de) 2003-07-29 2003-07-29 Korrosionsgeschütztes stahlblech
AT0120303A AT412878B (de) 2003-07-29 2003-07-29 Korrosionsgeschütztes stahlblechteil mit hoher festigkeit
EP20040739756 EP1651789B1 (fr) 2003-07-29 2004-06-09 Procede de production d'elements constitutifs en tole d'acier trempe

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EP20040739756 Expired - Lifetime EP1651789B1 (fr) 2003-07-29 2004-06-09 Procede de production d'elements constitutifs en tole d'acier trempe
EP04739755.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1658390B1 (fr) 2003-07-29 2004-06-09 Procede de production d'un element constitutif en acier trempe
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EP04739755.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1658390B1 (fr) 2003-07-29 2004-06-09 Procede de production d'un element constitutif en acier trempe
EP04736386.6A Expired - Lifetime EP1660693B1 (fr) 2003-07-29 2004-06-09 Procede de production d'un element constitutif profile trempe

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US (4) US8181331B2 (fr)
EP (4) EP2177641B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP5113385B2 (fr)
KR (2) KR100834555B1 (fr)
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AT (1) ATE478971T1 (fr)
BR (2) BRPI0412599B1 (fr)
CA (2) CA2533327C (fr)
DE (1) DE502004011583D1 (fr)
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