EP1786936B1 - Procede pour produire des composants trempes en feuilles d'acier - Google Patents

Procede pour produire des composants trempes en feuilles d'acier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1786936B1
EP1786936B1 EP05770058A EP05770058A EP1786936B1 EP 1786936 B1 EP1786936 B1 EP 1786936B1 EP 05770058 A EP05770058 A EP 05770058A EP 05770058 A EP05770058 A EP 05770058A EP 1786936 B1 EP1786936 B1 EP 1786936B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
die
workpiece
form hardening
forming
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Active
Application number
EP05770058A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1786936A2 (fr
Inventor
Robert Vehof
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Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Publication of EP1786936A2 publication Critical patent/EP1786936A2/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/26—Deep-drawing for making peculiarly, e.g. irregularly, shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing hardened components from sheet steel, and to an apparatus for carrying out the method,
  • the most widely used raw material in bodybuilding is steel. With no other material can be in such large areas cost components with different material properties available.
  • a perspective, in particular for bodies in the automotive industry are components made of steel sheet with a strength depending on the alloy composition in a range of 1000 up to 2000 MPa.
  • a scale layer forms on the surface. This is removed after forming and cooling. This is usually done with sandblasting. Before or after this descaling, the final trimming and the insertion of holes is carried out. If the final trimming and the insertion of the holes are carried out before sandblasting, it is disadvantageous that the cut edges and hole edges are affected. Irrespective of the sequence of the processing steps after curing, it is disadvantageous in descaling by sand blasting and comparable methods that the component is often warped in this way. After the mentioned processing steps takes place a so-called piece coating with a corrosion protection layer. For example, a cathodically effective corrosion protection layer is applied.
  • the post-processing of the cured component is extremely expensive and is subject to very high wear due to the hardening of the component. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that the piece coating usually causes a corrosion protection, which is not particularly pronounced. In addition, the layer thicknesses are not uniform, but fluctuate over the component surface.
  • this method it is also known to cold form a component from a sheet metal blank and then heat to the Austenitmaschinestemperatur and then cool rapidly in a calibration tool, wherein the calibration tool is responsible for the component, which is warped by the warm-up, with respect the reshaped areas are calibrated. Subsequently, the post-processing described above. Compared with the method described above, this method allows more complex geometries, since essentially only linear shapes can be produced during simultaneous forming and hardening, but complex shapes can not be realized in such forming processes.
  • a method for producing a hardened steel component in which a sheet of hardenable steel is heated to the hardening temperature and then placed in a shaping device in which the sheet is formed into the desired final shape, being simultaneously rapidly cooled during the forming, so that a martensitic or bainitic structure is obtained while the sheet remains in the molding apparatus.
  • a starting material for example, a boron-alloyed carbon steel or carbon manganese steel.
  • the deformation is preferably a compression but can also be used with other methods.
  • the forming and cooling should preferably be carried out and carried out so rapidly that a fine-grained martensitic or bainitic structure is obtained.
  • From the EP 1 253 208 A1 is a method for producing a hardened sheet metal profile from a board, which is hot formed and cured in a pressing tool to the sheet metal profile known.
  • On the sheet metal profile projecting reference points or collars are generated from the plane of the board, which serve for positional orientation of the sheet metal profile in subsequent manufacturing operations.
  • the collars should be formed during the forming process of non-perforated areas of the board, the reference points are generated in the form of marginal stampings or as enforcements or collar in the sheet metal profile.
  • the hot forming and hardening in the pressing tool should generally have advantages due to the efficient by the combination of forming and tempering process in a tool operation. Due to the clamping of the sheet metal profile in the tool and due to thermal stresses, however, it should come to not exactly predeterminable delay on the component. This can adversely affect downstream manufacturing operations, which is why the reference points are created on the sheet metal profile.
  • a method for producing locally reinforced sheet metal formed parts wherein the base sheet of the structural part connected in a flat state with the reinforcing sheet and defined this so-called patched composite sheet is then formed together.
  • the patched composite sheet is heated to at least about 800 to 850 ° C before forming, quickly inserted, rapidly formed in the warm state and then with mechanical maintenance of the forming state
  • Contacting with the internally forced-cooled forming tool defines cooled.
  • the extent relevant temperature range 800 to 500 ° C is to be traversed with a defined cooling rate.
  • the step of connecting reinforcing sheet and base sheet should be readily integrated in the forming process, wherein the parts are brazed together whereby an effective corrosion protection at the contact zone can be achieved at the same time.
  • the tools are very expensive, in particular due to the defined internal cooling.
  • a method and apparatus for pressing and hardening a steel part are known.
  • the aim is to press and harden sheet steel pieces in the form of avoiding the disadvantages of known methods, in particular that parts made of steel sheet are produced in successive separate steps for compression molding and hardening.
  • the cured or quenched products show a delay to the desired shape, so that additional steps are required.
  • it is intended to place a piece of steel, after the piece has been heated to a temperature attaining its austenitic condition, between a pair of cooperating mold members, whereupon the piece is pressed and at the same time heat is rapidly dissipated from the piece to the mold pieces.
  • the mold parts are kept at a cooling temperature throughout the process, so that a quenching effect is exerted on the piece under a molding pressure.
  • a method for producing a part having very high mechanical properties which part is to be produced by punching a strip from a rolled steel sheet, and in particular a hot-rolled and coated part with a metal or metal alloy coated, which is to protect the surface of the steel, wherein the steel sheet is cut to obtain a steel sheet preform, the steel sheet preform is cold or hot formed and either after hot working cooled and cured or heated after cold working and then cooled.
  • An intermetallic alloy is to be applied to the surface before or after forming and to provide protection against corrosion and steel decarburization, which intermetallic mixture may also have a lubricating function. Subsequently, the supernatant material is removed from the molding.
  • the coating should generally be based on zinc or zinc-aluminum.
  • a method of manufacturing a rolled steel strip component, and in particular a hot rolled strip is known.
  • the aim is to be able to offer rolled steel sheets of 0.2 to 2.0 mm thickness, which are coated inter alia after hot rolling and which are subjected to deformation either cold or hot, followed by a thermal treatment, wherein the increase in Temperature without steel decarburization and without oxidation of the surface of the aforementioned sheets before, during and after the hot deformation or the thermal treatment to be secured.
  • the sheet should be provided with a metal or a metal alloy, which ensures the protection of the surface of the sheet, then the sheet is subjected to a temperature increase for the forming, then a transformation of the sheet are performed and the part are finally cooled.
  • the coated sheet is to be pressed while hot and the part formed by the deep drawing to be cooled to be cured and that at a speed which is higher than the critical curing rate.
  • this steel sheet is also a Specified steel alloy, which should be suitable, this steel sheet to be austenitized at 950 ° C before it is deformed and hardened in the tool.
  • the applied coating should consist in particular of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, whereby not only an oxidation and decarburization protection, but also a lubricating effect should result.
  • the sheet metal part after heating to the austenitizing temperature, cold forming as shown in this document but is generally not possible with hot-dip aluminized sheet, as the mecanicaluminATOR layer has too low ductility for greater deformation.
  • deep-drawing processes of more complex shapes can not be realized with such sheets in the cold state.
  • the steel used should be an air-hardening steel, which may be heated under a protective gas atmosphere in order to avoid scaling during heating. Otherwise, a scale layer is descaled in front of the mold component after hot working of the mold component.
  • the component blank is shaped close to the final contour, "near net shape" being understood to mean that those parts of the geometry of the finished component which are associated with a macroscopic flow of material completely into the component blank after completion of the cold forming process are formed. After the completion of the cold forming process, only slight form adaptations are required to produce the three-dimensional shape of the component, which require a minimal local material flow.
  • Such a Touchier briefly requires a long, very labor intensive incorporation of the tool in which it is determined by means of applied paint, which areas of the component not yet fully rest against the tool. Accordingly, the surface must be constantly corrected. Nevertheless, all known press hardening methods have in common that it often and without it being predictable, despite the most careful incorporation to delay and cut edge offset, so that components are particularly twisted after molding and the cut edges are offset. Because of the great hardness such parts can not be reworked and, for example, be addressed. The post-processing in the known methods is limited to the final trimming by means of laser.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing hardened components made of sheet steel, which greatly reduces the training time of the tools, reduces tool wear and reliable components with high dimensional accuracy and accuracy and delivers without delay, with a post-processing of the workpieces can be omitted ,
  • the inventive method provides to heat the preformed and deep-drawn in particular components to the temperature necessary for curing and then to transfer into a tool.
  • the route of the as full-surface clamping or pressing as possible is eliminated and selectively pressed over part of the area. This can be reliably clamped and held in areas where is clamped with a very high pressure. This, however, preferably with a locally high pressure that possibly displaced material, bumps or local excesses and quasi forged.
  • the material works easily in the surface of the mold, so that the friction between the mold and the workpiece increases. The material is thus adjusted in the pressed area to a uniform maximum thickness.
  • the total required pressure of the press can be lower than in full-surface processes, so that significantly cheaper presses can be used.
  • the component is held clamped at least in the area of the cutting edges. Cut edges in the sense of the invention are both outer edges and holes or their edges.
  • the component can also be selectively clamped over its length or its surface.
  • clamping areas can be linear or grid-like over the entire surface or partial surfaces of the workpiece.
  • the component can be formed in the pressed areas with a hardness ranges or hardness profiles adapted to the best possible crash behavior. For example, it is possible to press along the main stress lines or force flow lines and thereby generate a higher degree of hardness. Furthermore, twisting can be prevented by this pressing or clamping, in particular during the molding of the workpiece.
  • the non-pressed areas which have a lower strength due to a possibly lower cooling rate, can form a deformation reserve of the component, so that a loaded hardened component does not break as usual in the case of homogeneously hardened or press-hardened components - but only slightly deforms. This prevents the component from separating in the event of an accident.
  • the component In the areas in which the component is not pressed, it is either on one side of a mold half and is spaced from the other mold half with an air gap or is spaced from both mold halves with an air gap.
  • the workpiece in the region in which a pressing does not take place, it is intended to support the component at least in the area of the positive radii of regions of the tool or of the mold halves.
  • the workpiece In areas of saddle points which have a narrow radius, for example 0.5 to 30 mm, the workpiece is advantageously pressed or clamped.
  • Saddle points are here defined so that in the area of a saddle point or saddle area, the workpiece has a positive radius with respect to two spatial axes.
  • the air gap or gaps are formed with a width of at least 0.02 mm and preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mm or larger.
  • the forming of the components as well as the trimming and punching of the components is carried out essentially or completely in the uncured state.
  • the relatively good deformability of the sheet metal material used in the unhardened state allows the realization of complex component geometries and replaces expensive subsequent trimming in the hardened state by significantly less expensive mechanical cutting operations before the hardening process.
  • a cutting operation such as the creation of a hole or cut, ie within the sheet, or the cutting of a part or the entire outer contour in the warm state can take place.
  • the mold halves in the clamping areas have corresponding recesses which receive the cutting tool.
  • a cutting tool is provided adjacent to the clamping area, outside the clamping area.
  • the hot cut is preferably carried out at component temperatures between 380 ° C and 800 ° C.
  • the unavoidable dimensional changes due to the heating of the component are already taken into account in the forming of the cold sheet, so that the component is made approximately 0.6 to 1.0% smaller and in particular 0.8% smaller than the final dimensions. At least the expected thermal expansion during forming is considered. However, the component is completely contoured and cut except for the reduction.
  • the component in the first embodiment after cold forming is about 0.8% smaller than the nominal final dimensions of the finished, hardened component.
  • Smaller here means that the component after cold forming in all three spatial axes is thus three-dimensionally finished molded.
  • the thermal expansion is thus considered equally for all three spatial axes.
  • the thermal expansion by, for example, the incomplete closure of the mold can not be considered for all spatial axes, as here only in the Z direction, by an incomplete formation, a Stretching could be considered.
  • the three-dimensional geometry or contour of the tool is preferably made smaller in all three spatial axes.
  • the uncured, galvanized special sheet is first cut into blanks.
  • the processed boards may be rectangular, trapezoidal or shaped boards.
  • all known cutting processes can be used.
  • cutting processes are used which do not introduce so much heat into the sheet during the cutting process that hardening occurs.
  • the final trimming is carried out in said conventional tools.
  • the molded part which has been formed in the cold state, is manufactured smaller than the nominal one by 0.8 Geometry of the end component, so that the thermal expansion during heating is compensated thereby.
  • the moldings produced by the processes mentioned should be cold formed, the dimensions of which are within the required by the customer for the finished part tolerance field. If larger tolerances occur in the aforesaid cold forming, they may be partially corrected later, minimally, during the molding hardening process, which will be discussed later. However, the tolerance correction in the mold hardening process is preferably performed only for shape deviations. Such form deviations can thus be corrected in the manner of a hot calibration.
  • the correction process should as far as possible be limited to one bending operation, wherein cutting edges that are dependent on the amount of material (in relation to the forming edge) should not and can not subsequently be influenced, ie, if the geometry of the cutting edges in the parts is not correct , in the form hardening tool no correction can be made.
  • the tolerance range with respect to the cutting edges corresponds to the tolerance range during the cold forming and the shape hardening process.
  • a flange is formed. After the formation of the flange, the outer trimming is carried out in the region of the flange.
  • This has the advantage that is cut in this section parallel to the opening and closing direction of the mold. Even with components in which a flange is actually not desired, it may still be advantageous in the cold state, this flange for the purpose of just described To produce cut.
  • the flange is then removed later in the course of the mold hardening process, as will be described below.
  • the deformed and cut part is heated to an annealing temperature above 780 ° C, especially 800 ° C to 950 ° C, and held at that temperature for a few seconds to a few minutes, at least until a desired austenitization has occurred ,
  • the component expands by 1%, so that it has an excess of 0.2% after annealing and shortly before insertion.
  • the component After the annealing process, the component is subjected to the inventive form hardening step.
  • a part is first removed by a robot from a conveyor belt and placed in a marking station, so that each part can be traceably marked before it is hardened. Subsequently, the robot places the part on an intermediate carrier, wherein the intermediate carrier runs over a conveyor belt in an oven and the part is heated.
  • a continuous furnace with convection heating for example, a continuous furnace with convection heating is used.
  • any other heat aggregates or ovens can be used, in particular ovens, in which the moldings are heated electromagnetically or with microwaves.
  • the molding passes through the furnace on the support, the support being provided so that the corrosion protection coating is not transferred to rolls of the continuous furnace or is rubbed off by it during heating.
  • the parts are heated to a temperature which is above the austenitizing temperature of the alloy used.
  • the parts After the parts have been heated to maximum temperature, they must be cooled above a certain minimum temperature (> 700 ° C) with a minimum cooling rate of> 20K / s to ensure complete hardening. This cooling rate is achieved during the subsequent mold hardening.
  • a robot takes the part, depending on the thickness at 780 ° C to 950 ° C, especially 860 ° C to 900 ° C from the oven and places it in the mold hardening tool.
  • the molded part loses approximately 10 ° C. to 80 ° C., in particular 40 ° C., wherein the robot for insertion is preferably designed such that it inserts the part accurately into the mold hardening tool at high speed.
  • the molded part is placed by the robot on a part lifter and then quickly shut down the press, the part lifter displaced and the part is fixed. This will ensure that the component is properly positioned and guided until the tool is closed.
  • the part By the time the press and thus the mold hardening tool are closed, the part still has a temperature of at least 780 ° C.
  • the surface of the tool has a temperature of less than 50 ° C, whereby the part is rapidly cooled to 80 ° C to 200 ° C.
  • the component After completion of the austenite / martensite transformation, ie below 250 ° C, the component can already be removed. In this way, in contrast to the prior art, time can be saved.
  • the part can also be kept until further cooling in the tool.
  • the air gaps can be purged with gas and in particular inert gases. Optionally, the gases can cause a cooling effect.
  • the tool is in this case loaded at the points where it rests on the workpiece by thermal shock, wherein the inventive method allows, in particular when no forming steps are carried out in the mold hardening step, interpret the tool respect. Its base material to a high thermal shock resistance. In conventional methods, the tools must also have a high abrasion resistance, but in the present case does not play a significant role and thus reduces the cost of the tool.
  • a hot forming still take place.
  • the trimming can be carried out perpendicular to the opening and closing direction of the mold, which allows a particularly accurate, accurate and simple cut.
  • this formed flange in the hot component which has been inserted into the mold, correspondingly reshaped or applied to the mold when closing the mold without the To stretch material.
  • a slide correspondingly exists, wherein the mold for the mold hardening process is first closed so far that the component is already held for example in a certain range of the upper mold and then the slides are retracted, the Press the flange against the mold on which the component rests. Since the component is clamped anyway in the area of the cutting edges, the slides take over this clamping in this area, whereby the clamping and / or the subsequent forced shrinking surprisingly succeeds so well that the previously existing bending edge of the flange hardly affects the finished component visible and verifiable.
  • a robot takes the parts out of the press and places them on a rack, where they continue to cool. Cooling may be accelerated, if desired, by additional blowing of air or immersion in liquids.
  • protruding tabs for the placement of the component may be provided on the parts lifter on the component. These parts are at least hardened in the area in which they are connected to the actual component.
  • a component to be cured is cold-formed and cut.
  • the component In the cold state, ie before curing, the component has an immanent hardness on conventional steel sheet. In this state, the sheet can cut relatively well and also reshape and deep-draw (in particular FIG. 10 ).
  • the component is formed in all three spatial axes about 0.8% smaller than it should be the final geometry.
  • the component In order to subsequently cure the component, the component is heated to the austenitizing temperature and, in particular, for example above 900 ° C. The heating of the component is carried out so that the change in length of the material is completed by the structural change that takes place by austenitizing ( FIG. 1 ). In FIG. 1 it can be seen that with sample components at about 750 ° C, the initially linear thermal expansion decreases with increasing temperature to about 820 ° C before it then rises further. This irregularity in linear strain should be completed prior to loading the workpiece into the tool.
  • the component ( FIG. 5, 6 ) at least in the area of the cutting edges (edges), clamped.
  • the component now tries to shrink due to the cooling, but is essentially hindered by the clamping and the shape of the tool. This results in considerable tensile stresses and it comes to plastic deformation in the component.
  • the positive radii ( FIG. 10 ) "support" the component, whereby the component in the corresponding areas to the molds creates. Due to the shrinkage, the component then adopts this shape, with inaccuracies in the shaping of the cold, soft component also being corrected here.
  • the component is left in the mold at least until the austenitic martensite transformation ( Figures 2 . 3 ) is completed. This is especially the case at about 250 ° C.
  • FIGS. 11 to 14 In practice ( FIGS. 11 to 14 ), the production runs in such a way that initially so-called molded blanks are cut out of a metal sheet. The shaped blanks are then shaped and in particular deep-drawn ( FIG. 12 ) and then the waste cut away. Usually, the cutting takes place sequentially, so that not all at once, the entire waste is cut away, but in two to three stages, because otherwise the waste can not be removed from the mold well. In addition, FIG. 14 ) Leave tabs on the part to be able to place the part on so-called part lifters and to be able to remove with these tabs also from the mold.
  • the mold hearing tool 1 ( FIG. 7, 8 ) has, for example, a mold top half 2 and a mold bottom half 3.
  • the component 4 to be hardened is simplified in the example pot-shaped or hat-shaped in cross-section with a bottom surface 5, two frames 6, 7 and two Lekssflansch Schemeen 8, 9.
  • the bottom surface 5 goes with two curves 10, 11 in the frames 6, 7th above.
  • the frames 6, 7 go with curves 12, 13 in the flanges 8, 9 on.
  • the upper mold half 2 forms positive radii with respect to the molded part
  • the mold half 3 forms positive radii with respect to the workpiece 4.
  • the workpiece 4 bears against the respective mold halves .
  • These positive radii opposite air gaps 14 are present, which extend into the bottom surface 5 and in frames 6, 7.
  • the air gaps 14 may overlap so that the component is located in partial areas of the frame, possibly also almost over the entire frame, without bearing on the tool halves.
  • the upper mold half or the lower half of the mold are formed adjacent to the air gaps 14 with protrusions 16 in such a way that the corresponding areas of the workpiece 4 are clamped there.
  • the air gaps 14 have a width which is at least 0.02 mm and preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mm or larger.
  • one or more pusher tools 17, 18 may be present in one of the mold halves or opposite in both mold halves 2, 3, which preferably upon closing of the mold the opposite half of the mold or are approached to each other and clamp, for example, holes in the frame. This ensures that even in the region of the frame arranged holes are held reliably during the mold hardening and shrinking.
  • the clamping webs can either be arranged firmly in the form or be present in the form of insert elements. According to the invention, clamping bars of this kind are provided in particular where the workpiece must be held securely in order to avoid twisting due to thermal stresses or cooling-down stresses and distortion, in particular in the case of very large or very long components.
  • the clamping webs preferably have a width of 5 to 20 mm
  • a bilateral full-surface clamping of these relatively small areas is performed in the area of saddle points.
  • saddle points points or areas are defined in which two positive radii of two tool space axes coincide, the two positive radii each having a relatively narrow radius of 0.5 to 30 mm.
  • the component is pressed exclusively in the region of the cutting edges and supported only in the region of the positive radii of the respective mold half and is not on the other areas of the mold halves on.
  • the component is at least with a small air gap spaced from the mold halves, wherein the width of the air gap can be adjusted depending on the desired cooling effect.
  • very small air gaps for example from 0.02 to 0.05 mm, have hardly any influence on the cooling, while very large air gaps of, for example, 1.00 to 2.5 mm and larger have a noticeable influence on the cooling performance and thus to have the hardness of the material.
  • a notching tool 21 may be present in the region of the longitudinal edge 15 at the location at which a tab 20 protrudes ( FIG. 7, 8 ), wherein this notching tool 21 is for example a projection in the region of the mold.
  • the notching tool is a spring-loaded hold-down 22, wherein the spring-loaded hold-down 22 has an outwardly angled extending support surface 23.
  • the hold-down 22 is ( FIG. 7 ) disposed opposite the part lifter 24, wherein the part lifter 24 has a support projection 25 on which the tab 20 rests.
  • the tab 20 After hardening can be raised with the projection 25, the tab 20 so that they support with the Notching tool 21 is raised angled in the region of the notching tool 21 on the longitudinal edge, wherein the hold-down 22 at the moment when the tab 20 abuts against the inclined surface 23 can be raised against the force of the spring. In the region of the notching tool 21, the tab breaks off due to the great hardness and brittleness.
  • the parts lifter 24 is arranged on the same side of the workpiece as the hold-down 22, wherein the parts lifter 24 is also resiliently mounted.
  • the part lifter 24 and the hold-down 22 opposite the notching tool 21 is arranged.
  • the part lifter 24 with respect to the workpiece is opposite to the opposite mold half 2 on the part lifter 24 wegbewegbares away and Abbruchwerkzeug 26 which is placed with a lateral projection 27 on the tab and the tab with respect to the notching tool 21 bends and breaks, said the tool 26 touches on the parts lifter 24 and the part lifter with its projection 25 and the tool with its projection 27 limit the tab 20 between them and 26 moves in a further movement of the tool lifter against the spring force of a spring 28 to the tab 20th breaks off in the region of the notching tool 21.
  • the process can be controlled so that the cancel takes place at the most favorable temperature for this purpose.
  • the mold halves have corresponding recesses in the clamping areas.
  • the hot cut is preferably carried out at component temperatures between 380 ° C and 800 ° C.
  • a flange 31 is formed.
  • the outer trimming is carried out in the region of the flange 31.
  • This has the advantage that is cut in this section parallel to the opening and closing direction of the mold. Even with components in which a flange is actually not desired, it may still be advantageous to produce this flange in the cold state for the purpose of the section just described.
  • the flange is then removed later in the course of the mold hardening process, as will be described below.
  • a hot forming in particular in the region of the cut edges 30 or the outer contour still take place a hot forming.
  • the trimming can be performed perpendicular to the opening and closing direction of the mold, which allows a particularly accurate, accurate and simple cut.
  • this formed flange in the hot component 29, which has been inserted into the mold 1 is correspondingly reformed again when the mold 1 is closed or applied to the mold 1 (arrows 32).
  • the mold 1 for the mold hardening process is initially closed so far that the component 29 is already held for example in a certain area 34 from the upper mold part 2 and then the slide 33 are retracted (arrows 35), the flange 31 with corresponding-projecting areas or dimensions 36 to the mold 1 and the mold base 3, on which the component 29 rests, press. Since the component 29 is clamped anyway in the area of the cut edges 30, the sliders 33 and the areas 36 take over this clamping in this area, whereby surprisingly this is so well achieved by the clamping and the subsequent forced shrinkage that the finished component is previously clamped existing bending edge of the flange 31 is hardly visible and detectable.
  • a flange or a bend can also be produced in the region of the cut edges or the outer contour in the warm state.
  • a slider acts accordingly on a projecting portion of the sheet, bends it to the desired extent and then clamps the flange, the cutting edge of the flange or the bent portion, while possibly the remaining area, the principle of forced shrinkage, not clamped becomes.
  • the whole procedure can proceed as follows 1. cutting boards, 2. the cold forming, for example, by deep drawing, then a mechanical cutting step, then heating, the form hardening, then optionally a cleaning such. B. an ultrasonic cleaning and then the camp. Since the form hardening dictates the cycle times and only one cutting step is present, the use of the existing often quite expensive presses and cutting lines with four to five large presses can be dispensed with and a slower press can be used which is set up, for example, to the level ground. Such presses do not have the high cycle rates or cycle times, such as large press lines, however, these are not required in the above method. The achievable pressing pressures are similar. However, investments are significantly lower.
  • an installation for carrying out the process ( FIG. 16 ) be designed modular. This means that the plant can be converted or configured according to a desired production. Since press lines are usually equipped with six presses in line, but in the mold hardening processes, a smaller number of presses are needed, a modular design is only partially possible, also the unused presses can not be degraded.
  • the clamping elements of the mold halves of resiliently mounted clamping inserts or clamping strips are formed, which are pressed when applying the clamping pressure in the molds, so that reduce the air gaps from a starting width and possibly disappear.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)

Claims (31)

  1. Procédé pour produire des composants trempés en tôle d'acier, comprenant au moins les étapes de procédé suivantes :
    a) mise en forme de pièces conformées à partir d'une tôle d'acier ; de manière que
    b) avant, pendant ou après la mise en forme de la pièce conformée on procède à un rognage final nécessaire de la pièce conformée et le cas échéant à des poinçonnages requis ou encore à la réalisation d'un motif de trous, dans lequel
    c) la pièce conformée est ensuite échauffée au moins dans des zones partielles à une température qui permet une austénitisation du matériau en acier, et
    d) le composant est ensuite transféré dans un outil de formage-trempe et on exécute un formage-trempe dans l'outil de formage-trempe, de sorte que du fait de la mise en contact et du pressage au moins dans des zones partielles du composant, le composant est refroidi par les outils de formage-trempe et ainsi durci,
    caractérisé en ce que
    e) le composant est soutenu par l'outil de formage-trempe dans la région des rayons positifs et est fermement maintenu par serrage et sans déformation dans des zones partielles au moins dans la région des arêtes de rognage, et dans les régions dans lesquelles le composant n'est pas serré, le composant est au moins écarté avec une fente par rapport à une moitié de l'outil de formage.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le composant est en outre serré dans des zones en "selle", c'est-à-dire des zones dans lesquelles deux axes dans l'espace forment des rayons positifs, quand les zones en selles forment des rayons relativement étroits, en particulier de 0,5 à 30 mm.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le composant est en outre serré sur sa surface et/ou sur sa longueur dans certaines régions, afin d'atteindre une vitesse de refroidissement plus élevée et/ou la suppression de contraintes, et/ou pour éviter une déformation.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composant est fermement maintenu sans déformation en étant serré, en supplément aux arêtes de rognage, sur des parties de la surface ou sur la totalité de la surface avec un motif réparti de manière ponctuelle et/ou un motif surfacique, comme un motif en losanges ou un motif grillagé avec des saillies correspondantes des moitiés de l'outil de formage.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, en vue du serrage réparti sur la surface avec un motif, on utilise un motif correspondant de type linéaire et/ou de type ponctuel à titre de surcote et/ou à titre de lignes ou de barrettes de serrage et de mise en place dans les moitiés de l'outil de formage.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'outil de formage est réglé et oeuvré de telle manière que le composant est libre de se rétracter à l'extérieur des régions de serrage, grâce à quoi le composant s'applique de manière intime contre l'outil de moulage au moins dans la région des rayons positifs.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composant est soutenu uniquement dans la région des rayons positifs et est serré sans déformation dans les régions des arêtes de rognage, et dans les autres régions les moitiés de l'outil de formage sont écartées avec des intervalles depuis la pièce à oeuvrer.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composant est conformé, suivant les trois axes dans l'espace, plus petit d'environ 0,95 % à 0,4 %, en particulier 0,8 % qu'il doit l'être dans la géométrie finale.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, après avoir été conformé à l'état froid, le composant est réchauffé à la température d'austénitisation, en particulier par exemple au-dessus de 900° C, et est maintenu aussi longtemps à cette température jusqu'à ce qu'une austénitisation souhaitée ait eu lieu.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'échauffement du composant a lieu de telle manière que la variation de longueur du matériau, qui a lieu en raison de la modification de texture en raison de l'austénitisation, est achevée.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'allongement thermique non linéaire engendré par l'austénitisation est achevé avant que la pièce à oeuvrer soit mise en place dans l'outil de formage-trempe.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, après le serrage dans l'outil de formage, le composant se rétracte, et les rayons positifs sont favorisés, grâce à quoi le composant s'applique contre les outils de formage dans les zones correspondantes, et en raison de son retrait, le composant adopte la forme des rayons positifs, et des inexactitudes dues à la mise en forme à l'état froid sont corrigées.
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composant, ou la pièce à oeuvrer, est laissé au moins aussi longtemps dans l'outil de formage jusqu'à ce que la conversion austénite/martensite est achevée.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composant est échauffé de telle façon qu'à l'état réchauffé et en particulier dans l'outil de formage-trempe fermé, il est plus grand d'environ 0,1 % à 0,4 %, en particulier 0,2 % que la géométrie de consigne.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on découpe tout d'abord ce que l'on appelle des platines en forme à partir d'une tôle, et les platines en forme sont ensuite mises en forme et en particulier embouties et le rebut est enfin enlevé par découpe, ledit rebut étant de préférence découpé dans une opération de coupe et on laisse des pattes sur le composant afin de pouvoir déposer la pièce sur des éléments de levage des moitiés de l'outil de mise en forme, lesdites pattes étant conjointement trempées dans l'outil de mise en forme et, dans la région de la zone de liaison des pattes avec la pièce à oeuvrer on produit des entailles, et avant le démoulage de la pièce à oeuvrer les pattes sont rompues par pliage.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les intervalles d'air (14) sont réglés à une largeur d'au moins 0,02 mm et de préférence de 0,1 à 2,5 mm ou plus.
  17. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pendant la trempe les intervalles d'air sont rincés avec un gaz.
  18. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pièce à oeuvrer se détend lors du démoulage hors de l'outil de formage-trempe de façon uniforme vers la géométrie finale.
  19. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans les régions dans lesquelles la pièce à oeuvrer est maintenue par serrage, on exécute à l'intérieur de la région serrée une opération de coupe, en particulier la réalisation d'un trou ou d'une découpe à l'intérieur de la tôle, ou la découpe d'une partie ou encore de la totalité du contour extérieur, à l'état chaud de la tôle.
  20. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lors du formage-trempe, il se produit une déformation à chaud en ce que des brides (31) engendrées lors de la déformation à froid précédente ou encore des nouvelles brides ou des courbures désirées sont cintrées ou engendrées par des coulisseaux (33) agencés dans l'outil, ou sont réalisées par pliage ou par pressage sur les moitiés (3) de l'outil de mise en forme qui reçoivent la pièce à oeuvrer, et les arêtes de coupe sont maintenues à cet endroit par serrage.
  21. Outil de formage-trempe pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'outil de formage-trempe (1) possède au moins une moitié d'outil supérieure (2) et une moitié d'outil inférieure (3), de sorte que les moitiés d'outils forment, dans la région de parties arrondies (10, 11, 12, 13) de l'outil, des rayons positifs, caractérisé en ce que des intervalles d'air (14) sont prévus à l'opposé des rayons positifs, et dans des régions dans lesquelles la pièce à oeuvrer est serrée, en particulier la région des arêtes de coupe (15), les moitiés d'outils (2, 3) sont réalisées au voisinage des intervalles d'air (14) avec des saillies ou avec des masses rapportées (16) de telle manière que les zones correspondantes d'une pièce à oeuvrer (4) y sont serrées sans déformation.
  22. Outil de formage-trempe selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que, pour favoriser les rayons positifs, l'outil de formage-trempe possède des saillies semblables à des segments de cercle uniquement et exclusivement dans la région des parties arrondies, et en ce qu'il est prévu des intervalles d'air (14) dans les zones restantes de la pièce à oeuvrer.
  23. Outil de formage-trempe selon la revendication 21 ou 22, caractérisé en ce que, pour produire un serrage fiable dans la région des châssis ou dans des régions dans lesquelles une direction de serrage ne correspond pas à la direction de travail de la presse, sans entraver la mise en place de la pièce à oeuvrer dans l'outil de mise en forme ou encore sans que l'outil vienne s'appliquer dans certaines régions trop tôt contre l'outil de mise en forme, il est prévu un ou plusieurs outils à coulisseaux (17, 18) dans l'une des moitiés d'outils (2, 3) ou encore de manière opposée dans les deux moitiés d'outils (2, 3), lesdits outils à coulisseaux venant de préférence serrer, lors de la fermeture de l'outillage de mise en forme, sur les moitiés d'outils opposées (2, 3) ou étant approchés les uns les autres, en venant par exemple serrer des trous dans la région des châssis.
  24. Outil de formage-trempe selon l'une des revendications 21 à 23, caractérisé en ce que pour rompre des pattes prévues sur la pièce à oeuvrer dans la région de l'arête longitudinale (15), il est prévu aux emplacements auxquels une patte (20) dépasse un outil de formation d'entaille (21) qui réalisent une entaille dans la zone de jonction de la patte par enfoncement au niveau d'une arête de découpe de la pièce à oeuvrer.
  25. Outil de formage-trempe selon l'une des revendications 21 à 24, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un élément de maintien vers le bas (22) soutenu par un ressort, à l'opposé de l'outil de formation d'entaille (21), et un organe de soulèvement de pièce (24) est agencé à l'opposé de l'élément de maintien vers le bas (22), et l'organe de soulèvement de pièce (24) possède une saillie d'appui (25) sur laquelle s'appuie la patte (20).
  26. Outil de formage-trempe selon l'une des revendications 21 à 25, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de soulèvement de pièce (24) et l'élément de maintien vers le bas (22) sont agencés de manière opposée dans l'outil de formation d'entaille (21), et un outil de rupture (26) est prévu, à l'opposé de l'organe de soulèvement de pièce (24) par rapport à la pièce à oeuvrer (4), sur les moitiés d'outils (2, 3) opposées, cet outil de rupture étant déplaçable en rapprochement et en éloignement de l'organe de soulèvement de pièce (24), et étant réalisé de façon à pouvoir être posé avec une saillie latérale (27) sur la patte.
  27. Outil de formage-trempe selon l'une des revendications 21 à 26, caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle d'air ou les intervalles d'air (14) possède(nt) une largeur > 0,02 mm.
  28. Outil de formage-trempe selon l'une des revendications 21 à 27, caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle d'air ou les intervalles d'air (14) possède(nt) une largeur de 0,1 à 2,5 mm ou plus.
  29. Outil de formage-trempe selon l'une des revendications 21 à 27, caractérisé en ce que dans les régions dans lesquelles la pièce à oeuvrer est serrée sans déformation, des dispositifs de coupe et/ou des dispositifs de poinçonnage sont prévus, et dans les régions de serrage il est prévu des dégagements correspondants pour le dispositif de coupe et/ou de poinçonnage ainsi que pour la traversée de l'outil de coupe ou de poinçonnage.
  30. Outil de formage-trempe selon l'une des revendications 21 à 29, caractérisé en ce que pour la découpe à chaud du contour ou d'une partie du contour, il est prévu un outil de coupe au voisinage et à l'extérieur de la zone de serrage.
  31. Outil de formage-trempe selon l'une des revendications 21 à 30, caractérisé en ce que des coulisseaux (33) sont agencés sur l'outil de formage-trempe (1, 2, 3), lesquels sont réalisés, dans la région de brides (31) présentes sur la pièce à oeuvrer mise en place ou de nouvelles brides ou courbures à engendrer, qu'ils pressent les brides (31) ou les courbures sur une moitié d'outil opposée (3) et cintrent ici les brides, et l'arête de coupe (30) et/ou la bride (31) de la pièce à oeuvrer (29) est maintenue après le cintrage par serrage par le coulisseau (33) et par la moitié d'outil respective (2, 3).
EP05770058A 2004-08-09 2005-08-09 Procede pour produire des composants trempes en feuilles d'acier Active EP1786936B1 (fr)

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DE102004038626A DE102004038626B3 (de) 2004-08-09 2004-08-09 Verfahren zum Herstellen von gehärteten Bauteilen aus Stahlblech
PCT/EP2005/008641 WO2006015849A2 (fr) 2004-08-09 2005-08-09 Procede pour produire des composants trempes en feuilles d'acier

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CN (1) CN101120105B (fr)
AT (1) ATE516373T1 (fr)
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CA2575940C (fr) 2011-04-05
DE102004038626B3 (de) 2006-02-02
WO2006015849A3 (fr) 2006-04-20
KR20070049657A (ko) 2007-05-11
JP2008509284A (ja) 2008-03-27
EP1786936A2 (fr) 2007-05-23
ATE516373T1 (de) 2011-07-15
US20090211669A1 (en) 2009-08-27
KR101011192B1 (ko) 2011-01-26
US8613819B2 (en) 2013-12-24
WO2006015849A2 (fr) 2006-02-16
ZA200700110B (en) 2008-05-28
CA2575940A1 (fr) 2006-02-16
CN101120105B (zh) 2010-05-05
BRPI0513941A (pt) 2008-05-20
BRPI0513941B1 (pt) 2015-04-22

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