EP2155917B1 - Procédé de production d'un composant profilé durci localement - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'un composant profilé durci localement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2155917B1
EP2155917B1 EP08758760.6A EP08758760A EP2155917B1 EP 2155917 B1 EP2155917 B1 EP 2155917B1 EP 08758760 A EP08758760 A EP 08758760A EP 2155917 B1 EP2155917 B1 EP 2155917B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet metal
semifinished product
metal semifinished
profile
process according
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EP08758760.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2155917A1 (fr
Inventor
Eike Gerhard GÜCKER
Michael Ohlwein
Marco Abel
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • B21D5/06—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves by drawing procedure making use of dies or forming-rollers, e.g. making profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/88—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a profile component, which has a structurally increased strength, at least in sections, from a sheet metal semifinished product.
  • Profile members having high structural strength are used, for example, in the automotive industry for the manufacture of structural parts, such as side impact beams, bumpers or reinforcements for the A, B or C pillars of a motor vehicle. Since such profile components very high demands are made in terms of their strength, are used for their production frequently acid-, higher and highest strength steels.
  • different forming processes can be used. By way of example, at this point bending processes, in particular roll forming, should be mentioned.
  • the European patent EP 1 052 295 B1 discloses a process for the production of structural parts in the automotive industry, which at least partially have a high strength and a minimum ductility of 5% to 10%.
  • the structural part by a soft state forming of boards, steel strip (in particular by roll profiling) or pipes configured and then brought by means of one of the structural part contour following, movable to the structural part, component encompassing inductor at least partially brought to the Austenitmaschinestemperatur required for curing and then cooled with a the inductor in the direction of movement tracking cooling unit.
  • the method known from the cited document is characterized primarily by the fact that the structural part is positioned substantially vertically and the inductor is displaced from top to bottom along the structural part, wherein the inductor and the cooling unit are relatively adjustable relative to each other and with a be displaced tool carriage connected.
  • the starting material is first deformed in a still soft state into a profile component with a defined profile cross-section.
  • the profile component is hardened in a subsequent process step by heating it to the austenitizing temperature and subsequently cooling it again.
  • a defined cooling then causes the desired hardening of the profile component.
  • the starting material must always be brought into a soft state before it can be profiled and cured.
  • the DE 101 20 063 A1 and the WO 92/16665 A disclose processes for the production of profile components, in which the flat starting material (semi-finished sheet metal) is first brought by cold forming in its final contour.
  • From the DE 101 20 063 A1 is another variant of a method for producing a profile component is known in which the starting material (sheet metal semi-finished product) is during molding at elevated temperature and therefore has a higher formability.
  • the starting material sheet metal semi-finished product
  • the present invention is based on the object to provide a method for producing a profile component available, which allows the production of profiled structures with defined zones of different, tailored to subsequent processing and / or application material and geometry properties.
  • a sheet metal semi-finished product is formed in an at least one-stage bending process and the bending process and subsequent separation and cutting operations of the sheet semifinished product are performed with a thermal treatment of at least one spatially limited area of the sheet semifinished product , which comprises at least one heating step and a subsequent cooling step, combined in such a way that the at least one spatially limited area after cooling has a structurally increased strength.
  • the sheet metal semifinished product can be provided as a coil to the process described above, for example in strip form.
  • a targeted removal of the introduced at least in a spatially limited area of the sheet metal semifinished heat can be achieved by a phase change during cooling advantageously in this area an increase in strength.
  • materials for the semi-finished sheet metal to prefer those which are at a sufficient Austenitmaschine above a transition temperature (Austenitmaschinestemperatur) A r3 during which the transformation of austenite to ferrite begins during cooling, are capable of sufficiently fast cooling rates a martensitic microstructure to develop.
  • a martensitic microstructure is characterized by high strength. This advantageous behavior, for example, 22MnB5 tempered steels, from which the semi-finished sheet can consist.
  • the heat removal from the at least one preheated area can be carried out at least partially by direct contact of the sheet metal semifinished product with the bending tool, which can also be operated cooled if necessary.
  • the use of liquid or gas-based cooling devices is possible in order to cool the semi-finished sheet media-based.
  • profile components can be produced with specifically adapted hardness properties.
  • the cured areas can be partially cured, fully cured or even partially hardened in sections and fully cured in sections.
  • the sheet metal semi-finished product is bent stationary.
  • the stationary bending of the sheet semifinished product can be done by swaging.
  • the bending of the sheet metal semifinished product in a roll forming device takes place by roll forming with a number of successive rolling steps.
  • the sheet metal semi-finished product is continuously bent in the roll profiling in a plurality of successive profile rolling passes and thus brought into the desired profile shape.
  • roll forming in particular, comparatively complex profile shapes and profile cross sections can also be produced.
  • a superimposition of thermal and mechanical mechanisms can be achieved in profile production in a continuous roll forming process in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • the gradual combination of local heat generation, shaping including any necessary cutting and separating operations and cooling can be precisely adjusted in their arrangement and microstructural design certain zones of increased strength.
  • a local spatial heating of the sheet metal semifinished product can be advantageously achieved by an inductive generation of an electromagnetic field or by a conductive current flow by means of the electrical resistance (or by a combination of these two methods) - ie by dissipation of electrical energy.
  • the possibility that the heat by one or more Laser light sources is introduced by an infrared radiation source or by means of a gas burner in defined areas of the sheet metal semi-finished product.
  • Laser light sources have the advantage that the laser light generated by them can be focused, for example, by simple means on a comparatively small spatially limited area of the sheet metal semifinished product in order to bring about a local heating in this area to the desired temperature.
  • the heating preferably does not take place exclusively by means of heating devices integrated on an inductive or else conductive basis in the process sequence (for example by inductors or conductive contact elements), but by means of electrical resistance heating in the form of contact with the shaping tools (rolling rollers) anyway for the purpose of transmitting the shaping force.
  • the cooling is advantageously carried out not only by direct heat removal by exposure to fluid coolants (preferably water) and / or gaseous coolants (preferably compressed air), but also by conduction through the contact of the sheet metal semi-finished with the forming forming tools (for example, with rollers of a roll forming ).
  • fluid coolants preferably water
  • gaseous coolants preferably compressed air
  • the rolling rolls can be equipped for this purpose with an internal cooling, in which the heat dissipation via a cooling medium by appropriate introduced into the interior of the tool cooling channels in a circulating system.
  • the cooling of the sheet metal semifinished product can in a particularly advantageous embodiment by heat conduction through the contact with the forming tools (rolling rollers) in combination with a direct cooling of the sheet semifinished product - for example by means of an (optionally supercooled) gas or with particulate ice (preferably dry ice) - take place.
  • the gas or dry ice is blasted with a high pressure in the outlet of the roll stand on both sides of the sheet semifinished product surface (Walzgutober Design).
  • Walzgutober Diagram a high pressure in the outlet of the roll stand on both sides of the sheet semifinished product surface
  • the particulate ice advantageously removes additional surface contaminants and / or oxidation residues, scale or the like from the surface of the rolling stock (sheet metal semifinished product) and / or the surfaces of the rolls.
  • the controllability of heat dissipation in terms of a targeted microstructure adjustment is significantly improved again. This can not be achieved by a pure quench cooling by means of fluid or gaseous cooling media, as used in the prior art.
  • the heating of at least one portion of the sheet semifinished product takes place prior to bending.
  • This embodiment is particularly preferred for stationary bending of the sheet metal semifinished product.
  • the production of a profile component with simultaneous exposure to heat can improve the processing properties during the molding in a particularly advantageous manner, since the deformation resistance can be reduced directly before each caused locally via the bending tools shape change or caused by special cutting tools material separation.
  • An at least partially preheated sheet metal semi-finished has advantages in these areas a reduced resistance to the desired shape change during the bending process.
  • a plurality of regions of the sheet metal semifinished product to be heated are preheated successively, wherein each heating step is followed by a bending and cooling step.
  • the semi-finished sheet metal is first bent in several bending steps into the desired geometric shape of the profile component and then heated at least in sections.
  • the desired for subsequent processing and / or application of the profile component strength properties can be adjusted.
  • the heating of the profile component thus takes place only after completion of molding and also after the implementation of a possibly necessary Bauteilbeitess.
  • the heat dissipation from the preheated areas of the sheet metal semifinished product can in this case via appropriate cooling media, which are connected downstream of the actual forming process.
  • the hardness properties of a profile component which is produced by single or multi-stage bending of a sheet semifinished product, can be adapted specifically to different later uses of the profile component.
  • An advantage of the method presented here is that the deformation of previously thermally treated, hardened areas of the sheet semifinished product is avoided due to their low formability, the resulting failure risk and beyond also due to the expected high forming forces. In other words, only such areas of the flat starting material are subjected to a partial thermal treatment by heating and cooling, which are not subject to direct forming during the subsequent roll forming.
  • the partial heating of the sheet metal semifinished product is not solely the initiation of a heat treatment with the aim of setting a defined structure state, but also to to increase the forming capacity of the base material of which the sheet metal semifinished product, to the extent that the process forces available in each individual forming step, a defect-free deformation to the desired extent is achieved.
  • This increase is based on the one hand on the higher processing temperature per se, on the other hand on simultaneously running thermally induced Entfest Trentsvorêtn. This can and should be done not only before the entry of the starting material in the sequence of Walzprofilier suitsen, but preferably also between the individual molding steps during roll forming.
  • the profile component may be produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 14 and at least one partially cured area and / or at least one through-hardened area and / or at least one area which is partially cured and partially cured in sections. There is also the possibility that the profile component over its profile length at least partially having different profile cross-sections. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the profiled component can have different (changing) strength properties at least in sections over its profile length.
  • At least one profile member is used to make a component that is suitable for guiding and absorbing power of moving components and devices of a vehicle.
  • the use of the produced according to the method described above, at least partially cured profile components is particularly advantageous.
  • a guide rail for a safety belt with an increased deformation resistance can be produced, so that in particular Advantageously, a detachment of a substantially slid-shaped Gurtbefest Trent from the guide rail can be effectively prevented.
  • the profile component can also be used in an advantageous embodiment, a guide rail for a safety belt with an increased resistance to contact-bound wear when adjusting the carriage-shaped Gurtbestrien be prepared.
  • Another preferred example of use of the profile component forms the production of seat mounting rails with an increased deformation resistance, so that a detachment of the vehicle seat from its vehicle-mounted attachment can be advantageously prevented.
  • seat mounting rails with increased resistance to contact-related wear when adjusting the seating position can also be produced from the profile component.
  • Another advantageous example of using the profile member is to fabricate a sidewall guide rail for a sidewall sliding door of a motor vehicle, the sidewall guide rail having increased resistance to contact wear when opening and closing the door.
  • a side wall guide rail for a sliding door can be produced which has an increased resistance to deformation compared with the solutions known from the prior art, in order to be able to do so To prevent structural failure and the detachment of the sidewall sliding door in the event of an accident.
  • At least one profile member is used to make a structural member that has increased resistance to intrusion and is capable of receiving and degrading applied energy via a material or component deformation. Even with such components, the use of the at least partially hardened profile components produced by the method described above is particularly advantageous, which allows the strength properties of the profile components to be adjusted gradually.
  • a profile component provides the production of a part of a module cross member for a cockpit with an increased deformation resistance in order to prevent a structural failure in an accident by the force of an airbag module in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • the module cross member may in particular be an instrument panel carrier.
  • a further advantageous use of the profiled construction consists in the production of a module cross member (in particular a dashboard support) with an optimized Natural frequency behavior to avoid unwanted vibrations and thus improve the acoustics in the interior of the vehicle.
  • a carrier (longitudinal or transverse carrier) with an increased deformation resistance can also be produced from a profile component in order to cause structural failure in the region of the A, B and C pillars of the motor vehicle in the event of a front or side impact to prevent.
  • the profile component can also be used, for example, for producing a bumper support with an increased deformation resistance in order to advantageously prevent structural failure in the area of the crash boxes of the motor vehicle.
  • side impact beams with an increased deformation resistance can be produced from the profile component.
  • Such side impact beams are integrated into the body in order to increase the body rigidity and thereby improve the protection and the stability of the passenger compartment, in particular in the event of a side impact.
  • a partially hardened profile component By using a partially hardened profile component, a structural failure in the connection region to the door structure and thus in the mainly crash-loaded area can be prevented in an advantageous manner.
  • thermomechanical processes in a combined heating and shaping of the sheet semifinished product 2 for the production of the profile component 1 in a particularly preferred according to the present invention Walzprofilier vide which is carried out in a roll forming, shown schematically.
  • the three preferred embodiments shown here differ in particular by different process sequences in the at least partially heating of the sheet semifinished product 2 before, during or after the forming. Shown in each case is the time-dependent course of the temperature, which prevails in defined (spatially limited) areas A, B, C, D of the sheet semifinished product 2 before, during and after the individual forming steps.
  • the geometric shape of the sheet metal semifinished product 2 to produce a desired profile cross section to illustrate, in the upper part of the figures, respectively, the shaping of the sheet metal blank 2 is shown in the corresponding rolling step in the roll forming.
  • the bending of the sheet metal semifinished product 2, which may consist of a hardenable steel - for example of 22MnB5 - and optionally may also be at least partially coated, for forming a profile component 1 with defined geometric properties takes place in the in Fig. 1 to 3 shown process variants in a roll forming process with a number n consecutive rolling steps, in each of which a rolling pass is performed.
  • Fig. 1 to 3 only profile components 1 with an open. Profile cross-section are shown, it should be noted at this point that with the method presented here differently shaped profile components 1 of different complexity can be made with an open, with a partially open or even with a completely closed profile cross-section.
  • the profile components 1 over their entire profile length at least partially different (ie changing) profile cross-sections, so that in principle profile components 1 with an arbitrarily complex profile shape and mif an arbitrarily complex profile cross section can be produced.
  • non-inventive embodiment of the method for producing a profile component 1 is carried out a heating of the sheet metal semi-finished product 2 in defined, spatially limited areas A, C and D already immediately before the first, designated 1st roll pass in Walzprofiliervorraum.
  • the sheet metal blank 2 is heated locally before the first rolling pass in a central region A and two outer regions C and D to a temperature T which is greater than the transformation temperature A r3 , during which - during the cooling - the conversion from austenite to ferrite begins.
  • the remaining areas B of the sheet semifinished product 2 are not heated in contrast to the profiling and thus not specifically influenced thermally.
  • the sheet semifinished product 2 is in the defined areas A, C and D by an inductive generation of an electromagnetic field or by a conductive current flow by means of the electrical resistance or alternatively by a combination of these two methods - and therefore by dissipation of electrical energy - locally controlled on the Temperature T> A r3 heated.
  • other methods and corresponding devices for heat input into the localized areas A, C and D of the sheet semifinished product 2 can be used.
  • the controlled heat input by applying the sheet semifinished product 2 with laser light, which is generated by at least one laser light source, or with infrared radiation, which is generated by at least one infrared radiation source, or by the use of a gas burner.
  • the sheet metal blank 2 is formed in a first rolling pass with decreasing temperature after the maximum temperature has been reached in the areas A, C and D.
  • the first rolling pass takes place at a temperature which is still above the transformation temperature A r3 .
  • the for setting a desired microstructure in the locally preheated areas A, C and D of the sheet semifinished product 2 from this during the cooling necessary heat dissipation can be done in the first pass of Walzprofiliervoniervones, for example by conduction of heat in contact with the rolls of the roll forming. If necessary, the rolls of the roll forming device can also be operated cooled.
  • the heat dissipation from the preheated areas A, C and D of the sheet semifinished product 2 can also be effected by a media-based cooling, in which the sheet semifinished product is subjected to a liquid or gaseous coolant.
  • the rolling passes 2... N subsequent to the first rolling pass which are required for further shaping of the sheet semifinished product 2 to produce the final geometry of the profile component 1, take place in this exemplary embodiment at temperatures which are always below the transformation temperature A r1 in which the austenite to ferrite transformation is completed during the cooling:
  • the last (nth) rolling pass required for configuring the profile component 1 takes place in this embodiment at a temperature which is less than the transformation temperature M s is that during a rapid cooling abruptly the conversion of austenite to martensite occurs.
  • the final rolling pass may also be carried out at a temperature which is greater than the transformation temperature M s .
  • a so-called calibration pass which is carried out by means of a suitable calibration tool, also follows.
  • the change in the geometry of the profile component 1, which possibly occurs due to the formation of thermally induced residual stresses, can occur advantageously be compensated in a final rolling pass, the calibration pass, immediately after the simultaneous heat dissipation from the workpiece.
  • the profile component 1 is brought to the desired length by means of a separating and cutting device.
  • the method variant described here is particularly advantageous when, as a result of the heat influence in the defined areas A, C and D of the sheet metal semifinished product 2, a significant increase in strength has come about due to a so-called transformation hardening.
  • the locally defined regions A, C and D then have a drastically increased resistance to a further change in shape in a subsequent rolling step. This therefore means that preferably only those regions of the sheet metal semifinished product 2 should undergo such a heat treatment, which are no longer subject to any noticeable change in shape in the further process sequence.
  • a transformation of previously hardened areas A, C and D of the sheet semifinished product 2 is due to their low formability, the resulting failure risk and beyond also due to the expected high forming forces thus not.
  • a second embodiment of a method for producing a profile component 1 from a sheet metal semi-finished product 2 is explained in more detail below.
  • a heating of the sheet metal semifinished product 2 takes place in the defined areas A, C and D successively during roll profiling, in each case between the individual rolling steps.
  • a first (middle) region A of the sheet metal semifinished product 2 is locally heated to a temperature T which is greater than the transformation temperature A r3 (austenitizing temperature) prior to the first rolling pass.
  • the first rolling pass is performed in the roll forming device.
  • the area A of the sheet metal semifinished product 2 is again cooled to a temperature which is lower than the transformation temperature M s .
  • the cooling can in turn be effected by heat conduction in a contact of the sheet metal semifinished product 2 with the optionally cooled rolls of the rolling device and / or media-based by acting on the sheet semifinished product 2, in particular the locally preheated area, with a liquid or gaseous coolant.
  • a second (near-edge) region C of the sheet semifinished product 2 is locally heated to a temperature T which is greater than the transformation temperature A r3 .
  • the remaining areas, in particular the areas A and B of the sheet metal semifinished product 2, in contrast, are not specifically heated in this method step.
  • a second roll pass is performed to further profile the sheet semifinished product 2.
  • the preheated area C of the sheet semifinished product 2 is cooled again after the rolling pass to a temperature which is lower than the transformation temperature M s .
  • a further heating step which may optionally have been preceded by further rolling passes in which no local heating of the sheet semifinished product 2 is carried out
  • another (near-edge) region D is locally heated to a temperature T, which in turn is greater than the transformation temperature A. r3 is.
  • the other areas, in particular the areas A, B and C of the sheet metal semifinished product 2 are in contrast not specifically heated locally.
  • a further rolling pass is performed in order to further profile the sheet semifinished product 2. As in Fig. 2 to recognize the area C of the sheet semifinished product 2 is cooled after this rolling pass again to a temperature which is lower than the transformation temperature M s .
  • a calibration stitch in a calibration device can also be connected in this embodiment before the profile component 1 is then cut to its desired length by means of a separating and cutting device.
  • Fig. 2 shown method variant is particularly advantageous if it is on the one hand targeted to reduce the resistance to a desired in the immediate subsequent rolling step change in the geometric shape of the sheet metal blank 2, and if it is desirable on the other hand, these areas after the previous in the previous rolling passes already made local to adjust geometrical shape in their microstructure.
  • the targeted modification of the microstructure also increases the strength while simultaneously increasing the deformation resistance
  • only those areas of the flat sheet semifinished product 2 are subjected to a partial thermal treatment by heating and cooling, which are not subjected to direct forming during the subsequent roll forming steps.
  • Fig. 3 shows a third not belonging to the invention embodiment of a method for producing a profile component 1 from a sheet metal semi-finished product 2.
  • the heating in the locally defined areas A, C and D of the sheet semifinished product 2 only after completion of the generation of the final geometry of the profile component 1 in a previous sequence of n rolling passes in the roll forming.
  • the profiling of the Blechhaibzeugs 2 thus takes place at an ambient temperature which is substantially lower than the transformation temperature M s . It becomes clear that the defined areas A (central) and C and D (near the edge) of the sheet metal semifinished product 2 are simultaneously heated to a temperature T which is greater than the transformation temperature A r3 after the forming.
  • the local heating of the regions A, C and D after the final shaping of the sheet-metal semifinished product 2 to form a profile component 1 serves in this embodiment exclusively for the purpose of a thermally induced increase in the strength of the profile component 1 by a transformation hardening.
  • the change in the geometry of the profile component 1 which may occur as a result of the formation of thermally induced residual stresses can advantageously be compensated for in a final rolling pass, the so-called calibration pass, immediately after the heat removal taking place here simultaneously.
  • the locally deliberately heated areas A, C, and D are thus cooled again, so that in the calibration tool the calibration engraving can be carried out at a temperature which is slightly higher than the transformation temperature M s .
  • the targeted local heating and subsequent cooling of the spatially limited areas A, C and D of the sheet metal semifinished product 2 can be carried out in the manner described above with reference to Fig. 1 and 2 detailed.
  • the targeted local heating of the sheet semifinished product 2 does not take place exclusively by means of heating means integrated in the process sequence on an inductive or else conductive basis (for example by inductors or conductive contact elements), but by means of electrical resistance heating in any case for the purpose of transmitting the shaping force ongoing contact with the forming tools (rolling rollers).
  • the cooling of the sheet semifinished product 2 is advantageously carried out in all the process variants presented here not exclusively via direct heat removal by exposure to fluid coolants (preferably water) and / or gaseous coolants (preferably compressed air), but also by heat conduction via the contact of the sheet metal semifinished product 2 with the shaping Forming tools (here: rolling rolls).
  • the rolling rolls can be equipped for this purpose with an internal cooling, in which the heat dissipation via a cooling medium via appropriately introduced in the interior of the tool cooling channels in a circulating system.
  • the cooling of the sheet semifinished product 2 for example, by heat conduction via the contact with the forming tools (rolling rollers) in combination with a direct cooling of the sheet semifinished product 2 - for example by means of an optionally supercooled gas or with particularized ice (preferably dry ice) - done.
  • the gas or dry ice is blasted with a high pressure in the outlet of the roll stand on both sides of the sheet semifinished product surface (Walzgutober Design). It can by the irradiation into the roll gap in a particularly advantageous manner, a cooling of the rolling rolls done simultaneously.
  • the particulate ice advantageously removes additional surface contaminants and / or oxidation residues, scale or the like from the surface of the rolling stock and / or the surfaces of the rolls.
  • a first embodiment of a profile component 1 is shown, which can be produced by means of one of the methods presented here.
  • the profile component 1 has an open profile cross-section and has three regions 10, 11, 12 which, compared to the other regions, have a structurally increased strength induced by local heating and subsequent cooling.
  • a first region 10 with a structurally increased strength is formed in the profile sole of the profile component 1.
  • the two remaining regions 11, 12 with structurally increased strength are formed at the inwardly directed ends of the profile flanks.
  • Such a profile component 1 with three defined, spatially limited areas 10, 11, 12, which have a structurally increased strength can be used for example for producing a guide rail for a safety belt with an increased deformation resistance, so that a detachment of a substantially slid-shaped Gurtbefestrien can be effectively prevented from the guide rail.
  • the profile component 1 can also be used to a guide rail for a safety belt with a raised Resistance to contact wear when adjusting the carriage-shaped Gurtbefest Trent produce.
  • Fig. 5a and 5b show a second embodiment of a profile component 1, which has been produced by means of one of the methods presented here, and which also for producing a guide rail for a safety belt with the above with reference to Fig. 4a and 4b described properties can be used.
  • the profile component 1 has an open profile cross-section and has three regions 10, 11, 12 which, compared to the other regions, have a structurally increased strength induced by local heating and subsequent controlled cooling.
  • a first region 10 with a structurally increased strength is again formed in the profile sole of the profile component 1.
  • the two remaining regions 11, 12 with structurally increased strength are formed approximately in the middle of the profile flanks oriented substantially perpendicular to the profile sole.
  • profile components 1 which consist of the material 22MnB5 will be explained in more detail.
  • the hardness measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6507-1 (Vickers hardness HV1) is plotted over the distance from the outer edge of the contour development a.
  • the maximum local heating temperature in the production of profile components 1 was 900 ° C.
  • profile component 1 shown. III additionally designates the force-displacement profile of a fully hardened profile component 1 '.
  • a comparison of the measurement results shows that the two only partially cured profile components 1, which have been produced by one of the methods described herein, a lower tensile strength and a higher elongation at break than the fully cured profile component 1 '.
  • a guide rail 30 is shown, which is suitable for example for a door, a seat or a belt of a motor vehicle.
  • the guide rail 30 was produced by using a partially hardened profile component 1.
  • the profile component 1 from which the guide rail 30 has been produced has, in this exemplary embodiment, a first and a second partially hardened region 10, 10 ', which are arranged opposite one another, and a completely hardened region 11.
  • the at least partially hardened regions 10, 10 ', 11 enhance the resistance to deformation from dislodging a substantially slid-shaped strap attachment from the guide rail 30, and also provide increased resistance to contact wear when adjusting the strap attachment.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 Another example of use for the profile components 1, 1 'presented here is in FIGS. 12 and 13 shown.
  • This is a basic profile 31 of an instrument panel support, which in this example is made of two closed and interconnected profile components 1, 1 'with different profile cross sections.
  • the first profile component 1 has approximately in its center a flattened region 10, which is partially hardened and is provided for a connection of the steering column of the motor vehicle.
  • the second profile component 1 ' has in this embodiment, a through-hardened area 11, which is provided for the airbag area.
  • the basic profile of the instrument panel support 31 can also be produced in other advantageous embodiments by using a single profile component 1, 1 'or by using more than two profile components 1, 1'.
  • a further advantageous use of the profile components 1, 1 ' consists in the production of a module cross member - in particular a (part of) an instrument panel carrier - with an optimized natural frequency behavior to avoid unwanted vibrations and thus to improve the acoustics in the interior of the vehicle
  • Fig. 14 finally shows a trained as an open structure profile side rail 32 of a motor vehicle.
  • the longitudinal member 32 has been produced from a profile component 1, which has a first partially hardened region 10, a second through-hardened region 11 and a third region 12, which is through-hardened in sections and partly hardened in sections.
  • the longitudinal member 32 further has three mounting portions 320, 321, 322, which may be part of the profile component 1 (but need not be mandatory), for connecting the longitudinal member 32 to the A-pillar, B-pillar or C-pillar of a vehicle.
  • the first mounting portion 320 for the A pillar, the second mounting portion 321 for the B pillar, and the third mounting portion for the C pillar are provided.
  • Fig. 15a to 15c Finally, three different patterns 40, 41, 42 of a heating zone are shown, in which the sheet semifinished product 2 can be heated at least in sections. In principle, various, freely selectable courses and forms of the heating zone pattern are conceivable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un composant profilé (1) qui présente au moins en partie une résistance structurellement accrue, constitué d'un produit semi-fini en tôle (2), le produit semi-fini en tôle (2) étant mis en forme dans un processus de cintrage à plusieurs étapes et le processus de cintrage ainsi que des opérations de sectionnement et de découpe ultérieures du produit semi-fini en tôle (2) étant combinés à un traitement thermique de plusieurs régions limitées spatialement (A, C, D) du produit semi-fini en tôle (2) qui comprend plusieurs étapes de chauffage et plusieurs étapes de refroidissement subséquentes, de telle sorte que les régions limitées spatialement (A, C, D) présentent, après le refroidissement, une résistance structurellement accrue, une première région limitée spatialement (A) du produit semi-fini en tôle (2) étant tout d'abord réchauffée à une température supérieure à la température d'austénitisation Ar3 du produit semi-fini en tôle (2), à laquelle, pendant le refroidissement, la transformation d'austénite en ferrite commence, avant que le produit semi-fini en tôle (2) ne soit cintré, et après la première étape de mise en forme, au moins une région supplémentaire limitée spatialement (C, D) du produit semi-fini en tôle (2) étant réchauffée à une température qui est supérieure à la température d'austénitisation Ar3 du produit semi-fini en tôle (2), avant que le produit semi-fini en tôle (2) ne soit cintré davantage.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le produit semi-fini en tôle (2) est cintré dans un processus de cintrage stationnaire, notamment par cintrage à la matrice.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le cintrage du produit semi-fini en tôle (2) a lieu dans un dispositif de profilage à froid par profilage à froid avec une pluralité d'étapes de laminage successives, les rouleaux du dispositif de profilage à froid étant entraînés de préférence de manière refroidie.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le produit semi-fini en tôle (2) est chauffé par génération inductive d'un champ électromagnétique ou par circulation conductive d'un courant au moyen de la résistance électrique ou par une combinaison de ces deux procédés de chauffage dans les régions limitées spatialement (A, C, D).
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le produit semi-fini en tôle (2) est chauffé par au moins une source de lumière laser et/ou par au moins une source de rayonnement infrarouge et/ou par au moins un brûleur à gaz dans les régions limitées spatialement (A, C, D).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un motif de chauffage est produit sur le produit semi-fini en tôle (2).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le produit semi-fini en tôle (2) est refroidi après une étape de chauffage et/ou de cintrage au moyen d'un dispositif de refroidissement à base de liquide ou à base de gaz.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement du produit semi-fini en tôle (2) s'effectue par conduction thermique par le biais du contact avec les outils de formage en combinaison avec un refroidissement direct du produit semi-fini en tôle (2), en particulier au moyen d'un gaz ou de particules de glace.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une première passe est effectuée dans le dispositif de profilage à froid à une température de la première région préchauffée (A, C, D) supérieure à la température d'austénitisation Ar3 du produit semi-fini en tôle (2).
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une passe supplémentaire est effectuée dans le dispositif de profilage à froid à une température de la deuxième région préchauffée (A, C, D) supérieure à la température d'austénitisation Ar3 du produit semi-fini en tôle (2).
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'après chaque étape de mise en forme, la région respectivement mise en forme (A, C, D) dans ce cas est refroidie à une température inférieure à une température de transformation MS du produit semi-fini en tôle (2) à laquelle, pendant un refroidissement rapide, se produit une transformation brutale d'austénite en martensite.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le produit semi-fini en tôle (2) est étalonné après le profilage dans un outil d'étalonnage.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que dans l'outil d'étalonnage est réalisée une passe supplémentaire (passe d'étalonnage).
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le composant profilé (1) est découpé à sa longueur souhaitée dans un dispositif de sectionnement et de découpe.
EP08758760.6A 2007-05-26 2008-05-26 Procédé de production d'un composant profilé durci localement Active EP2155917B1 (fr)

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DE102007024797A DE102007024797A1 (de) 2007-05-26 2007-05-26 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Profilbauteils, Profilbauteil und Verwendung eines Profilbauteils
PCT/EP2008/004172 WO2008145327A1 (fr) 2007-05-26 2008-05-26 Procédé de production d'un composant profilé durci localement, composant profilé durci localement, et utilisation d'un composant profilé durci localement

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EP2155917A1 (fr) 2010-02-24
CN101688264A (zh) 2010-03-31
WO2008145327A8 (fr) 2009-02-05
US20100156143A1 (en) 2010-06-24
CN101688264B (zh) 2012-05-16
WO2008145327A1 (fr) 2008-12-04
US8272681B2 (en) 2012-09-25
DE102007024797A1 (de) 2008-11-27

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