EP2993241B1 - Procede et presse pour fabriquer au moins en partie des composants de tole durcis - Google Patents

Procede et presse pour fabriquer au moins en partie des composants de tole durcis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2993241B1
EP2993241B1 EP15181420.9A EP15181420A EP2993241B1 EP 2993241 B1 EP2993241 B1 EP 2993241B1 EP 15181420 A EP15181420 A EP 15181420A EP 2993241 B1 EP2993241 B1 EP 2993241B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
press
sheet metal
die station
metal component
tool
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP15181420.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2993241A1 (fr
Inventor
Dipl.-Ing. Frost (FH) Georg
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/10—Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D24/00—Special deep-drawing arrangements in, or in connection with, presses
    • B21D24/005—Multi-stage presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
    • B21D35/002—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
    • B21D35/003—Simultaneous forming, e.g. making more than one part per stroke
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
    • B21D37/12—Particular guiding equipment, e.g. pliers; Special arrangements for interconnection or cooperation of dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/88—Making other particular articles other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a press for producing sheet metal components that are hardened at least in sections.
  • hot forming also known as press hardening or press hardening
  • press hardening has been widespread for many years for the production of chassis and structural components of motor vehicles.
  • the DE 10 2008 034 596 A1 describes a method for producing at least partially hardened sheet metal components in two successive tool stages, each tool stage having an upper tool and a Has the lower tool arranged in a press and the upper tool and lower tool are closed by the closing movement of the press and thereby a sheet metal blank heated to austenitizing temperature is hot-formed into a sheet metal component.
  • a sheet metal blank heated to austenitizing temperature is hot-formed into a sheet metal component.
  • the formed sheet metal blank is quickly cooled.
  • sheet metal components hardened only in sections should be produced.
  • the DE 10 2009 057 382 A1 describes a method and a press with several tool stages for the hot forming of sheet metal blanks heated to austenitizing temperature for the production of hardened sheet metal components. After hot forming in a cooled forming tool stage, the sheet metal component is to be hardened in a further cooled tool stage and then cold cut.
  • the press should be operated with high throughput, which is why it is proposed to close the tool stages with the upper tool and lower tool as early as possible and to open them as late as possible.
  • JP 2007 136 535 A referenced.
  • a production process in a press with three tool stages is described.
  • a hot forming stage is followed by a trimming stage and a cooling stage or mold hardening stage.
  • Only the cooling stage has a lower tool with an elastic actuator, so that the lower tool can be raised relative to the press table in order to produce the closed state of the cooling tool stage.
  • the post-publish EP 2 907 881 A2 discloses a hot forming line and method for making hot formed sheet metal products.
  • a heating station and a forming station are proposed.
  • the heating station has a lower tool and an upper tool, between which a metal plate is received for heating.
  • the heating or the heating of a metal plate in the heating station takes place through indirect resistance heating.
  • the entire lower tool carrier can be moved downwards against the force of spring elements, with the movement of the heating station, forming station and cooling station being elastically supported as a result.
  • the US 2010/0018277 A1 discloses a method in which a blank is hot-formed and the forming begins by an upper, elastically mounted body. Spring-loaded hold-downs in the upper tool press the unformed areas of the blank to be formed against the lower tool before the blank is trimmed at the edge in a final operation.
  • the object of the invention based on the aforementioned prior art, is to propose a reliable method that can be implemented on a large industrial scale and a press for producing hardened sheet metal components, which has an increased production throughput and a higher resulting product quality.
  • the forming tool stage is moved during the closing movement from an upper reversal point to a lower reversal point of the press by at least one elastic actuator relative to the press, so that the hot forming is ended and the locking begins before the press reaches the lower reversal point, and / or that the closing of the forming tool stage by an elastic actuator is only ended during the upward movement of the press after the lower reversal point of the press has been completely passed, the upper tool and the lower tool having cooling channels, whereby a cooling medium is conducted.
  • the cycle time for hot forming and hardening of the sheet metal component can be reduced by starting and ending the forming very early and by making maximum use of the holding time for quenching the formed sheet metal component in the individual tool stages.
  • the elastic actuator (s) can compensate for inaccuracies in the positioning of the upper and lower tool of the forming tool stage, as well as discontinuities in the surface properties and thickness of the sheet metal blank.
  • the sheet metal blank is further processed into a sheet metal component by hot forming, with both terms also being used in parallel in the following description if it is not about the properties caused by the forming, but rather the process steps, in particular the heat treatment and the press, are explained in more detail.
  • the sheet metal blank is brought to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature of the steel alloy used, at least in sections, by heating methods known per se.
  • heating methods known per se.
  • it makes sense to use heating devices with a high heating rate, for example by contact heating with inductively or conductively heated contact masses, direct burner heating or furnace heating with overtemperature in the furnace.
  • a combination of these or with other known types of furnace is also possible, for example when using metal-coated sheet metal blanks.
  • the austenitizing temperature Ac3 is also referred to as the recrystallization temperature, the level of the austenitizing temperature depending on the exact alloy composition.
  • the use of manganese boron steels has proven successful, which, after being heated by rapid cooling or quenching, experience a continuous hardening by converting the austenitic structure into martensite structure.
  • the mechanical properties yield point Rp0.2 and tensile strength Rm increase with hardness, while the maximum bending angle and elongation A50 decrease.
  • holding time is to be understood as the period in which the upper tool and lower tool at least the forming tool stage and the second tool stage are closed, i.e. at least in sections are in intimate contact with the formed sheet metal blank or with the sheet metal component.
  • transfer includes any handling operation that brings about the transport of the sheet metal component from one tool level to the next following tool level, including removal from the respective tool level and insertion into the respective tool level.
  • the reversal point of the press is defined in such a way that the press reaches exactly one open position, the upper reversal point, and precisely one maximally closed position, the lower reversal point, in the work cycle.
  • the maximum that can be achieved for maintenance or retooling operations is to distinguish between the open position of the press, which may be greater than the top dead center.
  • Edge trimming and / or perforation are preferably carried out during or after the end of hot forming in the forming tool stage, in particular before the press is completely closed. This has the advantage that a subsequent perforation or edge trimming can be omitted in the cold and hardened state of the sheet metal component, thus avoiding tool wear and additional handling processes. Because the punching or trimming takes place before the press is completely closed, the closing movement can be used to drive the cutting means that are necessary for punching or trimming. The trimmed sheet metal component is then transferred to the second tool stage for further rapid cooling, at least in sections.
  • the second tool stage is also preferably moved relative to the press, at least in some areas, during the closing movement of the press by at least one elastic actuator, so that the locking begins before the press reaches the lower reversal point.
  • the locking of the second tool stage it is also possible for the locking of the second tool stage to be terminated at least in sections by an elastic actuator only during the upward movement of the press, after the lower reversal point of the press has been completely passed.
  • the second tool stage is mounted in relation to the press by at least one elastic actuator in such a way that the upper tool and lower tool remain closed during a significant time portion of the closing movement and during a significant time portion of the upward movement.
  • a time share of more than 30 percent each in the closing movement and / or in the upward movement of the press is to be regarded as decisive.
  • the forming tool stage and preferably also the second tool stage can be spring-mounted mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically by the elastic actuator.
  • the elastic actuators themselves can either have a passive, purely mechanical effect by permanently applying a force counteracting the press force on the upper tool or the lower tool raise.
  • a simple example would be spiral springs or spring assemblies made from other mechanical springs.
  • the sheet metal component is transferred according to the invention by a transfer system, comprising a linearly guided transfer bar with grippers, in a transfer time of 1 to 4 seconds, preferably in 2 to 3 seconds, between at least two tool stages. It is thus possible to keep the heat losses during the movement of the sheet metal component between the tool stages as low as possible and ideally to dispense with complicated multi-axis handling devices. It can be provided that the grippers of the transfer system are already brought close to the sheet metal component before the press has reached the upper reversal point.
  • recesses can be provided in the tool stages for the collision-free implementation of the transfer system or for bringing the grippers close to the sheet metal component, so that the sheet metal component is immediately carried out by the transfer system or the lower tool when the upper tool and lower tool are moved apart, i.e. after the end of the holding time Gripper is removed from the forming tool stage and moved on.
  • a sheet metal component hardened only in sections can be produced in a particularly simple and reliable manner with the method according to the invention.
  • in sections means that the sheet metal component has at least a first section with relatively low strength and yield point with a structure that is preferably unhardened or only slightly hardened, and at least one second section with high strength Rm and yield point Rp0.2 but reduced Has elongation A50 and essentially has a martensitic structure.
  • the first section of the Sheet metal component has a tensile strength between 400 and 800 megapascals (MPa), in particular between 450 and 650 MPa, and predominantly ferrite-pearlite structural components.
  • a cooling temperature of the sheet metal component is preferably set which is higher in a first section of the sheet metal blank than the martensite start temperature Ms required for the transformation of the martensite structure and which is lower than Ms in a second section, with the sheet metal blank in the first section in particular to a cooling temperature of 540 is cooled to 660 ° C.
  • a cooling temperature of the sheet metal component can be set in the second tool stage, which at the end of the second holding time is between 350 to 500 ° C in the first section and in which
  • the second section is smaller than the martensite finish temperature Mf required for complete transformation of the martensite structure, the sheet metal component in the second section preferably being cooled to less than 200 ° C., in particular to room temperature.
  • the temperature control of the second section is intended to achieve a completely martensitic structure, with a tensile strength between 1400 and 2100 MPa, preferably 1450 and 1800 MPa, depending on the steel alloy, in particular depending on the carbon and manganese content, being set.
  • the sheet metal component is held for a first holding time between 2 and 8 seconds and for a second holding time between 2 and 10 seconds.
  • the cycle time of the press unchanged, the time available for cooling the formed sheet metal blank and for the associated structural transformations is almost doubled.
  • the difference between the two holding times results primarily from the time required for hot forming in the forming tool stage.
  • the cycle time of the press with a forming tool stage and a temporally following second tool stage between its upper reversal point and its lower reversal point is preferably between 3 and 11 seconds. This makes it possible to achieve an extremely high output or a high throughput and thus very low production costs. In combination with the production of hardened sheet metal components in sections, there is also the advantage that the component properties and quality do not suffer from the high production cycle. It should be emphasized that the sheet metal components produced have a high degree of dimensional accuracy, in contrast to a one-step hot-forming and press-hardening process for the production of press-hardened sheet-metal components in sections with heated tool areas.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides that the hardening is only ended in a third tool stage, after which the sheet metal component completely has a cooling temperature below 200 ° C.
  • This has the advantage that the cycle time of the press can be reduced again and at the end of the press a cool sheet metal component that is not critical when touched can be removed. A residual heat distortion is completely excluded, in particular due to the adjustment of the cooling temperatures of the two sections of the sheet metal component.
  • the cycle time of the press with a forming tool stage and a second tool stage and a third tool stage, therefore in a three-stage chronologically successive process, between its upper reversal point and its lower reversal point is between 3 and 9 seconds.
  • the use of a mechanical crank or eccentric press or a servo-electric press is preferred to be provided, whereby in the case of the mechanical press the reversal points are passed through without any significant interruption of the press movement. A holding time due to a press standstill can thus advantageously be dispensed with.
  • the press has several tool stages, a press ram and a press table, and is used to carry out the method described above.
  • at least one tool stage is a forming tool stage that can be cooled at least in some areas for hot forming of sheet metal blanks, which comprises an upper tool and a lower tool which form a mold cavity in a closed state.
  • At least one elastic actuator is arranged between the press table and the lower tool so that either the lower tool can be raised relative to the press table and / or the upper tool can be pressurized at a distance relative to the press ram in order to establish the closed state of the forming tool stage before the press is completely closed
  • the upper tool and the lower tool have cooling channels, whereby a cooling medium can be conducted, the cooling channels extending over the entire longitudinal extent of the upper tool and the lower tool, with a cooling source in the form of a heat exchanger being provided outside the forming tool stage as well as an inlet and outlet line from the cooling channels to the heat exchanger.
  • the sheet metal component is transferred between at least two tool stages by a transfer system which is designed as a linearly guided transfer bar with grippers.
  • the lower tool and / or the upper tool can be spaced apart from the press table or press ram at least until the lower reversal point of the press is reached.
  • the distance can be adjusted by means of the elastic actuator and is reduced during the hot forming and preferably also during a portion of the holding time when the upper tool and lower tool are closed.
  • An elastic actuator arranged on one side is sufficient to compensate for the position of the upper tool and lower tool with one another and for any discontinuities in the thickness of the sheet metal blank.
  • a vertical adjustment path can preferably be set by the elastic actuator, the adjustment path being less than the maximum press stroke path between the upper and lower reversal points of the press, but at least 100 mm. In combination with the speed given by the press drive during the closing movement and during the upward movement of the press, it is thus advantageously possible to extend the holding time through contact between the sheet metal blank, the upper tool and the lower tool.
  • the elastic actuator preferably has an actuating force that increases at least over part of an actuating path from the upper reversal point to the lower reversal point of the press, in particular the actuating force in the closed state of the forming tool stage is at least 20 percent greater, whereby the contact and pressure between the tool stage and the sheet metal component is increased and thus a high heat transfer or the rapid achievement of at least one desired quenching temperature of the sheet metal component is possible.
  • At least the forming tool step can be heated in some areas by a heat source in order to bring about a reduced cooling rate in the sheet metal component in a first section, with unheated areas having cooling channels for the passage of a cooling medium.
  • a temperature close to room temperature, but in any case below 200 ° C can be set in the unheated area of the tool step.
  • the heat source is in the heated A temperature range between 650 and 450 ° C can be set.
  • the upper tool and the lower tool are provided to cool the formed sheet metal component during the holding time at different cooling rates and thereby to different quenching temperatures or to keep them at these temperatures.
  • a first section with lower tensile strength and at least one second section with high strength can thus be set in the sheet metal component.
  • both the forming tool stage and at least the subsequent second tool stage can be heated in certain areas, in particular by a heat source, in order to obtain at least no completely hardened sheet metal component in a first section.
  • the unheated area of the second tool stage can have an active cooling source, at least corresponding to a transition section between the first section and the second section of the sheet metal component.
  • the cooling source is used to reduce heat transfer between the sections of the sheet metal blank with different temperatures in order to ensure the narrowest possible transition section. This has the advantage that when designing sheet metal components, especially for the vehicle industry, designers only have to consider a small area to which no mechanical parameters can be directly assigned or for which no mechanical parameters can be guaranteed. It is also ensured that the second area has a homogeneous distribution of the structure and the mechanical properties throughout.
  • the cooling source comprises a heat exchanger arranged outside the press, which is in operative connection with the cooling medium and the cooling channels of at least the forming tool stage.
  • the first section and the transition section of the sheet metal component that can be fixed in a form-fitting manner by fixing elements, at least in the second tool stage.
  • the sheet metal component can preferably also be positively fixed in the third tool stage by means of fixing elements.
  • this results in an equalization of the pressing force in all tool stages and, in particular, it prevents the press table and press ram from being unevenly aligned with one another.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a press 1 according to the invention with two tool stages, the forming tool stage 2 and a second tool stage 3.
  • An initially unformed sheet metal blank 26 first passes through the forming tool stage 2 and then the second tool stage 3 for forming into a sheet metal component 27.
  • the press 1 has a press ram 6 and a press table 5, two clamping plates 10 being arranged on the press table 5.
  • Each clamping plate 10 furthermore has a plurality of elastic actuators 7 which extend from the clamping plate 10 in the direction of the press ram 6, a tool clamping plate 9 being fixed to the ends of the press ram 6 facing away from the press table 5.
  • the clamping plates 10 are each fixed on the press table 5 via clamping elements 31.
  • the tool clamping plates 9 are fixed to the ends of the actuators 7 facing away from the press table 5.
  • a lower tool 12 which comprises the forming tool stage 2 and the second tool stage 3, is fixed to the tool clamping plates 9 via clamping elements 31 ′.
  • an upper tool 11 is fixed on the press ram 6, a sheet metal blank 26 being able to be arranged between the upper tool 11 and the lower tool 12.
  • Both the upper tool 11 and the lower tool 12 have cooling channels 17, as a result of which a cooling medium 18 can be conducted.
  • the lower tool 12 also has guide elements 32 ′ which are designed to be insertable into corresponding guide recess 32.
  • the guide elements 32 ′ and guide recesses 32 are designed to correspond to one another and allow the upper tool 12 and the lower tool 11 to be guided with respect to one another.
  • the elastic actuators 7 are in Figure 1 designed as pneumatic spring assemblies, ie they are actuators 7 which can be acted upon by gas pressure and which can be actively controlled.
  • the state of the press at the upper reversal point OP is shown here, whereby it can be seen that the elastic actuators 7 lift the lower tool 12 relative to the press table 5, whereby the path of the closing movement Y of the forming tool stage 2 and the second tool stage 3 is shorter than the press stroke between the upper reversal point OP and the lower reversal point UP of the press 1.
  • Figure 2a shows a further embodiment of the press 1 according to the invention, the press 1 having two tool stages, but here shown in longitudinal section only the double forming tool stage 2.
  • the second tool stage 3 which also falls twice, is arranged, which receives the sheet metal blanks 26 that have already been hot-formed in the forming tool stage 2 and cools them down further.
  • the term double means that in the tool stage two components can be thermoformed and cooled at the same time in the press cycle.
  • mechanical spring assemblies 8 here as a plurality of spiral springs.
  • the press 1 in the second variant has additional cutting means 33 on the upper tool 11 and cutting means 33 on the lower tool 12, which are used to trim the formed sheet metal blank or the sheet metal component 27 while it is still warm and unhardened.
  • the upper cutting means 33 ′ being shown by way of example being fixed to the upper tool 11 via elastic actuators 34.
  • the elastic actuators 34 like the actuators 7, can be active or passive.
  • the lower cutting means 33 are fixedly and immovably connected to the lower tool 12.
  • a reverse connection of the cutting means 33, 33 'to the forming tool stage 2 is also possible, however.
  • the cutting means 33 are firmly but interchangeably connected to the upper tool 11 and lower tool 12.
  • the same type of connection can be implemented for both, both for the right and for the left halves of the forming tool stage 2.
  • FIG. 2b shows a cross-sectional view of the second variant of the press 1 through the forming tool stage 2, which is here again arranged on the mechanical spring assembly 8 so that it can move relative to the press table 5.
  • the cooling channels 17 extend over the entire longitudinal extension of the upper tool 11 and the lower tool 12, whereby (not shown here) an inlet and outlet line of the cooling channels 17 to a cooling source 19, which is located outside the heat exchanger, for example Forming tool stage 2, preferably also outside the press 1, is located.
  • the Figure 3 shows in a longitudinal section an alternative embodiment of the press 1 according to the invention with a forming tool stage 2 and a second tool stage 3 that follows in the process.
  • elastic actuators 7 in the form of mechanical spring assemblies 8 are arranged on a common press table 5 via a clamping plate 10 .
  • the ends of the elastic actuators 7 facing away from the press table 5 can be coupled to a tool clamping plate 9, which in turn is connected to the lower tool 12 or is an integral part of the lower tool 12.
  • a tool clamping plate 9 which in turn is connected to the lower tool 12 or is an integral part of the lower tool 12.
  • Figure 4a shows the respective operating position of the press 1 and the corresponding forming tool stage 2 based on different times of the press cycle 11 and the lower tool 12 includes and the hot forming takes place.
  • the lower tool 12 is still fully raised by the elastic actuators 7 at this point in time.
  • the closing movement Y of the press 1 is continued continuously.
  • the travel W7 is the portion of the press stroke which, starting from the upper reversal point UP of the press, moves the upper tool 11 and the lower tool 12 towards one another until the forming tool stage 2 is completely closed with the formation of a mold cavity 13.
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of a forming tool stage 2 of the press 1 according to the invention for producing hardened sheet metal components 27 in sections.
  • the forming tool stage 2 comprises an upper tool 11 and a lower tool 12, each of which has an unheated area 22 and a heated area 21.
  • Cooling channels 17 for the passage of a cooling medium 18 run through the unheated area 22, the cooling channels 17 being connected in such a way that the cooling medium 18 can be fed from the forming tool stage 2 to the outside in a cooling source (not shown), for example a heat exchanger.
  • the heated areas 21 are designed as molded inserts 15 and with the unheated Areas 22 firmly but interchangeably connected. Heating cartridges heated by gas burners or electrical resistance serve as the heating source 14.
  • the forming tool stage 2 can be coupled via the clamping plate 10 on the press ram 6 and additionally via the tool clamping plate 9 and elastic actuators 7 on the press table 5 or on the clamping plate 10 fixed thereon.
  • a segmented upper tool 11 and lower tool 12 designed for the production of hardened sheet metal components in sections.
  • a heated area 21 is arranged as a separate mold segment 16 separated from the unheated area 22 by an insulation 20 in the upper tool 11 and in the lower tool 12. This is used for more energy-efficient use of the heating sources 14 and cooling sources.
  • a temperature profile is established in the sheet metal component with a first section at a relatively high temperature and a second section at a lower temperature. This prepares the structural transformation into martensite in the second section and into ferrite and / or pearlite in the first section. Between the first and second section there is a narrow transition section 30 with later relatively undefined mechanical properties.
  • FIG. 7a a longitudinal section through the press 1 is shown. It comprises the forming tool stage 2 according to Figure 6 as well as a second, regionally heated tool stage 3 with fixing elements 24 for, in particular, form-fitting reception of the sheet metal component (not shown) and areas 21 heated by heat sources 14 in the form of a further molding segment 16.
  • the molding segment 16 can be of identical design in the forming tool stage 2, or at least with regard to the material, the material quality, the The thermal capacity or the temperature resistance can be designed to be stronger or more robust than in the second tool stage 3.
  • a transfer bar 25 and in the forming tool stage 2 gripper recesses 25 ', which serve to ensure that when removing the sheet metal component 27, grippers (not shown), which are connected to the transfer bar 25, can approach the sheet metal component as early as possible are indicated by dashed lines. without colliding with the lower tool 12 during the upward movement Z.
  • the second tool stage 3 is followed by a further tool stage 4, which here primarily serves to further cool down the sheet metal component.
  • a further tool stage 4 which here primarily serves to further cool down the sheet metal component.
  • the sheet metal component can be fixed precisely in position for further cooling.
  • the cooling itself can be done by cooling sources not shown, for example by air ventilation, air or cooling medium shower or by immersion according to the German patent DE 10 2005 028 010 B3 take place in that part of the third tool stage 4 with the sheet metal component 27 can be immersed in the cooling medium.
  • each tool step is designed to be doubly falling and has two tools in each of the forming tool step 2, the second tool step 3 and the third tool step 4.
  • the transfer bar for transporting the sheet metal blank or the sheet metal component into or out of the tool stages 2, 3, 4 is not shown.
  • a heating device 35 is indicated in which the sheet metal blanks 26 are heated to Ac3 temperature at least in sections.
  • FIG Figure 8a and 8b an alternative embodiment of the entire press 1 for the production of hardened sheet metal components 27 is shown in FIG Figure 8a as a longitudinal section and in Figure 8b as a horizontal section through the lower tools 12.
  • the third tool stage 4 ' is arranged separately in another press 36, which has the advantage that the final cooling can be decoupled from the high press cycle and more space in the press 1 for the forming tool stage 2 and second tool stage 3 remains.
  • a triple-falling forming tool stage 2 and a triple-falling second tool stage 3 and a heating device 35 in front of the press 1 are shown.
  • the sheet metal component 27 can also be used in the embodiment variant according to FIG Figure 7 manufacture in this way.
  • a transfer takes place within 2 seconds from the heating device 35 to the forming tool stage 2 of the press 1. Then the closing movement of the press and the tool begins until the forming tool stage 2 is completely closed and the sheet metal blank 26 to the sheet metal component 27 is hot forged. The first holding time t 2 ' then begins to cool the sheet metal component while the press 1 executes the lower reversal point UP and the upward movement begins. During the upward movement, the forming tool stage 2 is opened with a delay, the sheet metal component 27 having cooled down to different cooling temperatures T 1.1 and T 1.2 due to the different temperatures and / or tool material properties.
  • Figure 9a corresponds to the variant of the press according to Figure 8 and Figure 9b with the variant according to the Figure 7a and 7b . It can be seen that the cooling at the cooling time t 6 in Figure 9a lasts longer than in Figure 9b , since the last process takes place with press 1 linked to the cycle time.
  • the cooling temperatures T 3.1 and T 3.2 have come very close and are below 200 ° C in both sections.

Claims (19)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un composant de tôle (27) durci au moins par sections dans une presse (1) qui comporte une table de presse (5), un coulisseau de presse (6) et plusieurs étages d'outil (2 ; 3 ; 4), caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    - le chauffage au moins par sections d'une platine de tôle (26) à une température supérieure à la température d'austénitisation Ac3,
    - l'insertion de la platine de tôle (26) chauffée dans un premier étage d'outil de formage (2) de la presse (1),
    - le formage à chaud de la platine de tôle (26) en composant de tôle (27) dans l'étage d'outil de formage (2), dans lequel la presse (1) réalise un mouvement de fermeture,
    - le maintien de l'étage d'outil de formage (2) pour un premier temps de retenue (t2'),
    - le refroidissement de la platine de tôle formée (26) pendant le premier temps de retenue (t2'), et
    - le transfert de la platine de tôle formée (26 ; 27) dans un deuxième étage d'outil (3), dans lequel le composant de tôle (27) est transporté par un système de transfert, comme une barre de transfert (25) guidée linéairement avec des pinces, dans un temps de transfert (t3, t5) de 1 à 4 secondes entre au moins deux étages d'outil (2 ; 3 ; 4),
    - le durcissement au moins par sections de la platine de tôle (26) par refroidissement dans le deuxième étage d'outil (3) dans au moins un second temps de retenue (t4'),
    dans lequel l'étage d'outil de formage (2) est déplacé pendant le mouvement de fermeture d'un point d'inversion supérieur (OP) à un point d'inversion inférieur (UP) de la presse (1) par au moins un organe de réglage élastique (7) par rapport à la presse (1) de sorte que le formage à chaud soit terminé et le maintien commence avant que la presse (1) n'atteigne le point d'inversion inférieur (UP) et/ou que le maintien de l'étage d'outil de formage (2) soit terminé par un organe de réglage élastique (7) uniquement pendant le mouvement vers le haut de la presse (1) après que le point d'inversion inférieur (UP) de la presse (1) ait été complètement traversé.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une bordure et/ou un perçage est réalisé dans l'étage d'outil de formage (2), en particulier avant que la presse (1) ne soit complètement fermée.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième étage d'outil (3) est déplacé au moins par endroits pendant le mouvement de fermeture de la presse (1) par au moins un organe de réglage élastique (7) par rapport à la presse (1) de sorte que le maintien commence avant que la presse (1) n'atteigne le point d'inversion inférieur (UP) et/ou que le maintien du deuxième étage d'outil (3) soit terminé au moins par sections par un organe de réglage (7) élastique seulement pendant le mouvement vers le haut de la presse (1) après que le point d'inversion inférieur (UP) de la presse (1) n'ait été complètement traversé.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étage d'outil de formage (2) et de préférence aussi le deuxième étage d'outil (3) sont logés sur ressort par l'organe de réglage (7) élastique par voie mécanique, hydraulique ou pneumatique.
  5. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composant de tôle (27) est transporté à travers le dans un temps de transfert (t3, t5) de 2 à 3 secondes entre au moins deux étages d'outil (2 ; 3 ; 4).
  6. Procédé de fabrication d'un composant de tôle (27) durci par sections selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une température de refroidissement (T1.1 ; T1.2) du composant de tôle (27) est réglée dans l'étage d'outil de formage (2), laquelle est supérieure dans une première section (28) à la température de démarrage de la martensite Ms nécessaire à la conversion de structure de martensite, et qui est inférieure dans une seconde section (29) à Ms, dans lequel le composant de tôle (27) est refroidie dans la première section (28) en particulier à une température de refroidissement (T2.1) de 540 à 660 °C.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une température de refroidissement (T2) du composant de tôle (27) est réglée dans le deuxième étage d'outil (3), laquelle s'élève à la fin du second temps de retenue (t4') dans la première section (28) entre 350 et 500 °C et dans la seconde section (29) est inférieure à la température de finition de la martensite Mf nécessaire à la conversion de structure de martensite complète, dans lequel le composant de tôle (27) est refroidi dans la seconde section (29) de préférence à moins de 200 °C, en particulier à température ambiante (RT).
  8. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composant de tôle (27) est maintenu pour un premier temps de retenue (t2'), entre 2 et 8 secondes et pour un second temps de retenue (t4') entre 2 et 10 secondes.
  9. Procédé selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le temps de cycle de la presse (1) avec un étage d'outil de formage (2) et un deuxième étage d'outil (3) entre son point d'inversion supérieur (OP) et son point d'inversion inférieur (UP) s'élève entre 3 et 11 secondes.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le durcissement est terminé seulement dans un troisième étage d'outil, dans lequel le composant de tôle présente ensuite complètement une température de refroidissement (T3.1, T3.1) en dessous de 200 °C.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le temps de cycle de la presse (1) avec un étage d'outil de formage (2) et un deuxième étage d'outil (3) et un troisième étage d'outil (4) entre son point d'inversion supérieur (OP) et son point d'inversion inférieur (UP) s'élève entre 3 et 9 secondes.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les pinces du système de transfert sont déjà rapprochées du composant de tôle avant que la presse n'ait atteint le point d'inversion supérieur.
  13. Presse (1) pour la fabrication d'un composant de tôle (27) durci au moins par sections avec plusieurs étages d'outil (2 ; 3 ; 4), un coulisseau de presse (6) et une table de presse (5), pour la réalisation du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, dans laquelle au moins un étage d'outil (2, 3, 4) est un étage d'outil de formage (2) refroidissable au moins par endroits pour le formage à chaud de platines de tôle (26) qui comporte un outil supérieur (11) et un outil inférieur (12) qui réalisent dans un état fermé un espace creux de formage (13), dans laquelle au moins un organe de réglage (7) élastique est agencé entre la table de presse (5) et l'outil inférieur (12) de sorte que l'outil inférieur (12) soit relevable par rapport à la table de presse (5) et/ou l'outil supérieur (11) puisse être alimenté en pression à une distance (A) par rapport au coulisseau de presse (6) afin d'établir l'état fermé de l'étage d'outil de formage (2) avant que la presse (1) ne soit complètement fermée, caractérisée en ce que l'outil supérieur et l'outil inférieur de l'étage d'outil de formage présentent des canaux de refroidissement pour l'acheminement d'un fluide de refroidissement et les canaux de refroidissement s'étendent sur l'étendue longitudinale entière de l'outil supérieur et de l'outil inférieur, dans laquelle en dehors de l'étage d'outil de formage une source de refroidissement est prévue sous la forme d'un échangeur de chaleur ainsi qu'une conduite d'amenée et d'évacuation des canaux de refroidissement à l'échangeur de chaleur, dans laquelle à la presse est associé en outre un système de transfert qui est réalisé comme barre de transfert (25) guidée linéairement avec des pinces afin de transporter le composant de tôle (27) entre au moins deux étages d'outil (2 ; 3 ; 4) de la presse (1).
  14. Presse (1) selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce qu'une course de réglage verticale (W7) est réglable par l'organe de réglage (7) élastique, dans laquelle la course de réglage (W7) est inférieure à la course de levage de presse maximale (W1) entre les points d'inversion supérieur et inférieur (OP, UP) de la presse (1), est au moins toutefois de 100 mm.
  15. Presse (1) selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de réglage (7) élastique présente une force de réglage qui monte au moins sur une partie d'une course de réglage (W7) du point d'inversion supérieur (OP) au point d'inversion inférieur (UP) de la presse (1), en particulier la force de réglage dans l'état fermé de l'étage d'outil de formage (2) est supérieure à au moins 20 pour cents.
  16. Presse (1) pour la fabrication d'un composant de tôle (27) durci par sections selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins l'étage d'outil de formage (2) peut être chauffé par endroits par une source de chauffage (14) afin de provoquer dans une première section (28) une vitesse de refroidissement réduite dans le composant de tôle (27), dans laquelle des zones non chauffés (22) présentent des canaux de refroidissement (17) pour la réalisation d'un fluide de refroidissement (18).
  17. Presse (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 16, caractérisée en ce que non seulement l'étage d'outil de formage (2) mais aussi au moins le deuxième étage d'outil (3) consécutif peuvent être chauffés par endroits, en particulier par une source de chauffage (14) afin de ne recevoir dans une première section (28) au moins aucun composant de tôle (27) durci complètement.
  18. Presse (1) selon la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que la zone non chauffée (22) du deuxième étage d'outil (3) présente au moins en correspondance d'une section de transition (30) entre la première section (28) et la seconde section (29) du composant de tôle (27) une source de refroidissement active (19).
  19. Presse (1) selon la revendication 18, caractérisée en ce que la première section (28) et la section de transition (30) du composant de tôle (27) peuvent être fixées au moins dans le deuxième étage d'outil (3) à complémentarité de formes par des éléments de fixation (24).
EP15181420.9A 2014-08-26 2015-08-18 Procede et presse pour fabriquer au moins en partie des composants de tole durcis Active EP2993241B1 (fr)

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EP2993241A1 (fr) 2016-03-09
US20160059295A1 (en) 2016-03-03
DE102014112244A1 (de) 2016-03-03
CN105478559A (zh) 2016-04-13

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