EP2791372B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le durcissement partiel de composants en tôle - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le durcissement partiel de composants en tôle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2791372B1
EP2791372B1 EP12780705.5A EP12780705A EP2791372B1 EP 2791372 B1 EP2791372 B1 EP 2791372B1 EP 12780705 A EP12780705 A EP 12780705A EP 2791372 B1 EP2791372 B1 EP 2791372B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
furnace
austenitized
temperature
region
Prior art date
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EP12780705.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2791372A1 (fr
Inventor
Dieter Hartmann
Roland Ziegler
Tobias HÄGELE
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Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0494—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing involving a localised treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the partial hardening of sheet metal components according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus therefor according to the preamble of claim 10.
  • a flat board is heated according to the Ac 3 temperature of the respective steel composition, held there for a desired time and then formed by a single Umformhubes in a tool and characterized in that the tool is cooled simultaneously with a cooling rate above the critical hardening speed is cooled and hardened.
  • the board is already converted to the finished component, then heated the finished component to a temperature above the Ac 3 temperature of the respective steel composition and optionally held at this temperature for a predetermined time, then in a corresponding mold which also the contour has transferred the finished component and there cooled by this tool and cured.
  • the advantage of the indirect method is that very complex components can be produced, since the component itself can be formed with any number of forming strokes in the contour shaping corresponding to the production of a normal body component.
  • the disadvantage is a slightly lower clock rate.
  • it is advantageous in the indirect method that no forming step takes place in the heated state, which is advantageous in particular when using metallic coatings, since the metallic coatings are often present in partially liquid form at the high temperatures for austenitizing. These liquid metal coatings, in conjunction with the existing austenite, can lead to cracking by so-called "liquid metal embrittlement".
  • the applicant is known a method for producing hardened components made of sheet steel, in which molded parts are cold-formed from a provided with a cathodic protection steel sheet and then a heat treatment for the purpose of austenitizing is carried out before, during or after the cold forming of the molding
  • a heat treatment for the purpose of austenitizing is carried out before, during or after the cold forming of the molding
  • Final cutting of the molding and required punching and the creation of a hole pattern can be made, wherein the cold forming and the trimming and the punching and the arrangement of the hole pattern are made on the component such that the molding is 0.5% to 2% smaller than the final cured Component, so that no trim in the hard state is required.
  • a method for producing hardened components made of sheet steel wherein moldings are formed from a steel sheet and before, during or after molding of the molding a necessary Endberough of the molding and possibly required punched or for the Production of the hole pattern can be made, wherein the molding is then heated at least partially to a temperature which allows austenitization of the steel material and the component is then transferred to a mold hardening tool and in the mold hardening mold is carried out, in which at least partially applying and pressing the component is cooled by the mold hardening tool and thereby hardened, wherein the component is supported by the mold hardening tool in the region of the positive radii and is partially clamped at least and clamped in the area of the trim edges, wherein in the areas in which the component is not clamped Component is spaced at least to a mold half with gap.
  • a method for heating steel components wherein the steel components to be heated are passed through an oven and heated in the oven to a predetermined temperature, wherein a transport device for transporting the components through the furnace is present, wherein a first transport device receives the components accurately and transported to their heating by the furnace and a second transport device takes over the parts after heating from the first conveyor at a predetermined transfer point or transfer area and aust with increased speed from the oven and positionally accurate at another takeover point for further processing and provides a device for Heating of steel components.
  • a method for producing a hardened sheet metal component from a steel sheet wherein a sheet steel plate or a preformed or finished shaped sheet steel component to a necessary for curing Temperature is heated and then inserted into a tool in which the board or the sheet steel component is cured. To achieve areas of lesser or no cure in this area, the tool has gas scavenged recesses, this gas purging being performed to provide gas pockets in those areas which reduce cooling at a rate greater than the critical cure rate or excludes and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • a press hardening method in which a blank is formed and cooled in a chilled tool, the tool being used as a fixture during curing.
  • the tool has for this purpose alternating contact surfaces and recesses which press in a certain area against the molded product, wherein the contact areas make up less than 20% of the total area.
  • this area should be a soft zone of the final product and still have a good dimensional accuracy.
  • a method is known in which a, made of a coated high-strength boron steel board is heated in a multi-zone temperature furnace initially in a first zone to a temperature of about 803 ° C to 950 ° C homogeneous and over a certain time at this temperature level is held. Subsequently, an area of the first type of board in a second zone of the furnace is cooled down to a temperature of about 550 ° C to 700 ° C and held for a certain time at this lowered temperature level. At the same time, a second type area of the board will be in a third zone of the furnace for a time at a temperature level of about 830 ° C held up to 950 ° C.
  • the board is formed into a shaped component in a thermoforming process.
  • the component should be formed with an aluminum-silicon coating, wherein in the manner described, the regions of the first and second types of the molded component should have different ductility properties.
  • From the DE 10 2006 006 910 B3 is a body frame structure or chassis structure known which consists of structural steel components, wherein at least the load-bearing steel structural components as anti-corrosion coating to wear a zinc-plate coatings.
  • From the DE 10 2004 007 071 A1 is a method for producing a component by forming a coated board known which is to consist of a tempering steel and wherein it is austenitized prior to forming a first heat treatment and to undergo a layer thickness growth.
  • the process is to be optimized by the heat-treated blanks are stored after rapid cooling, immediately before the forming of the component, the board is subjected to a renewed brief heating to austenitizing and that after the structural transformation, the forming and hardening of the board should take place.
  • the heating should preferably be carried out by induction.
  • a method for producing components made of sheet steel with areas of different ductility wherein from a metal sheet of a hardenable steel alloy either a component is produced by deep drawing and the deep-drawn component is then at least partially austenitized by a heat treatment and then quench hardened in a tool, or the board is at least partially austenitized by a heat treatment and is thermoformed in a hot state and then quench hardened, wherein the sheet metal plate has a cathodic corrosion protection coating based on zinc, wherein in areas of a desired higher ductility of the component at least one further sheet on the board is arranged so that the board is heated there during the heat treatment to a lesser extent than in the remaining area.
  • From the DE 10 2006 018 406 A1 is a method for heating workpieces in particular for press-hardening provided components known, wherein the workpiece over a period of time heat is supplied to it to a predetermined temperature, then heat is dissipated during heating of a selected portion of the workpiece, so that during of the heating period reached in the selected section is below the predetermined temperature.
  • At the predetermined temperature is z.
  • the workpiece is arranged for heating in a continuous furnace and is located with selected sections each on a body.
  • the bodies are components of an otherwise not shown, in the continuous furnace and retractable workpiece holder.
  • the workpiece may also be a preformed sheet metal part.
  • the heat absorption capacity of the against the sections is dimensioned such that the temperature of these bodies until the end of the warm-up time reaches only a value below said temperature threshold, so that during the heating of the workpiece heat flows partly into the body.
  • the bodies cool to a predetermined starting temperature or are cooled by a cooling medium.
  • a B-pillar is known for a body component, which consists of a longitudinal profile of steel wherein the longitudinal profile has a first length section with a predominantly martensitic material structure and a second length section of higher ductility with a predominantly ferritic material structure, wherein the different structures are achieved in that During the heating of the component or the board, a protection or insulation body covers the area that should not be heated as much.
  • a method for producing partially hardened steel components wherein a board made of a hardenable steel sheet is subjected to a temperature increase, which is sufficient for quenching and the board is reached after reaching a desired temperature and optionally a desired holding time in a forming tool in which the board is formed into a component and quenched at the same time or the board is cold formed and the component obtained by the cold forming is then subjected to an increase in temperature, wherein the temperature increase is performed so that a temperature of the component is achieved, which is necessary for a quenching and the Component is then transferred to a tool in which the heated component is cooled and thereby quench hardened, wherein during heating of the board and the component for the purpose of increasing the temperature to a temperature necessary for curing in areas which have a lower hardness and / or height ductility to bear one or more absorption masses, each absorption mass is dimensioned in terms of their extent and thickness, their thermal conductivity and their heat capacity in that
  • a device and a corresponding method for partial hardening of a metallic workpiece are known, wherein the workpiece is transported by means of a conveyor in a continuous furnace along a conveying direction and partially heated by a heater wherein the heater generates at least one heating zone is moved with the workpiece in the conveying direction ,
  • the heating zone provided by the heating zone with the continuous moving in the conveying direction workpiece mitwandern so that only the lying in the heating zone section, but not those outside of a heating zone lying portions of the workpiece to a predetermined temperature, about the so-called austenitizing temperature of steel can be heated.
  • a hot forming line is known in which the production of a partially hardened steel component should be possible by processing in several, successive stations.
  • this is heated, inter alia, in a heating station homogeneously to a temperature ⁇ AC 3 , then spent under an infrared lamp station and there only partially to a temperature above AC. 3 to be heated. In this way, the steel component is only partially cured during the subsequent cooling process.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a partially hardened steel component, with which such components can be heated and produced quickly, inexpensively and with high precision.
  • Partial cooling in the press hardening tool results in increased cycle times due to longer dwell times in the mold and dimensional stability problems due to part distortion during cooling and shrinking of the differently tempered areas.
  • the time required is increased by the additional process step.
  • a substantially or preferably completely finished molded component is heated in a continuous furnace to about 700 ° C to form a zinc-iron layer.
  • the component is cyclically moved under three-dimensionally contoured radiators and raised depending on the complexity of the contour in the range of this three-dimensionally contoured radiator, so that the radiator in the area to be further heated, of all Ranges of the surface approximately preferably equidistant.
  • the component is austenitized with the radiator in its area and in particular heated to a temperature which is above the Ac 3 point, and in particular heated to 910 ° C and above, while the remaining areas are not exposed to the radiation and thus below the Austenitizing remain.
  • the components After heating, the components are hardened in a corresponding tool, ie without significant changes in shape, only rapidly cooled.
  • the component areas which by means of the three-dimensional contoured beam on Austenitization were heated and in particular heated above 900 ° C, are hereby converted into martensitic structure and reach tensile strengths of about 1300 MPa.
  • the areas maintained at about 700 ° C below the austenitizing temperature can not convert to martensitic structure and achieve the desired tensile strength between 450 MPa to 700 MPa.
  • three-dimensional contoured radiators which act only partially on a circuit board, requires a timed and accurate positioning of the components through the oven. For example, a component every 15 s clocked in the oven transported from station to station exactly in position.
  • the components are preferably placed on corresponding component carrier, wherein the component carrier are adapted to the component so that a positionally accurate placement of the component on the support by a robot is possible and the component dwells in exactly this position on the component carrier.
  • the oven temperature is between 650 ° C to 800 ° C, preferably 700 ° C to 750 ° C.
  • the component is moved in the oven to a range corresponding to a residence time of the component in the oven such that the component has reached the desired temperature, and in particular the desired 700 ° C. Subsequently, the component arrives in a furnace area in which the three-dimensionally contoured radiators are mounted at certain intervals. The component then dwells for a cycle time of, for example, 15 s under the three-dimensionally contoured radiator for further heating of partial areas of the component to 900 ° C, wherein the remaining oven temperature is still 650 ° C to 800 ° C, preferably 700 ° C to 750 ° C, preferably 730 ° C.
  • This comparatively low furnace temperature allows a very large process window even in the event of faults, since overheating of the components is precluded by a possible, rapid shutdown of the three-dimensionally contoured radiator and the low furnace temperature.
  • the component carriers In order to accomplish the edge regions in which the three-dimensionally contoured radiator acts on the component, ie the regions between the high temperature of the component of more than 900 ° C. and the low temperature of the component, namely 700 ° C. with high selectivity, the component carriers, with which the component is driven through the oven, be provided in known manner with absorption masses, so for example a frame around the desired harder area around, the heat conductivity and the heat capacity and the emissivity of the material are matched accordingly. In these areas, the heat energy, which should not flow from the hotter area in the colder area, then passed through the component into the absorption mass, whereby a very sharp edge, different structure of the component is achieved.
  • the absorption masses on the return path of the carrier need not be cooled and the heated to about 700 ° C absorption masses when placing the components already for preheating the components for the desired in this area 700 ° C are used can. This even goes so far that the return path of the carrier takes place in the oven or in an under the oven, also hot area, so that the energy discharge kept low due to the mass discharged from the furnace.
  • the components can be raised by means of their carrier, when they have reached the clock position of a three-dimensionally contoured radiator, so that they are located close to the radiator. However, the corresponding three-dimensionally contoured radiator can also be moved toward the component.
  • the heating of the component can be carried out by a single radiator or clocked by several radiators located one behind the other.
  • the component After heating the component in said region, the component, which now has the desired temperature profile, can be conveyed out of the oven, gripped by a manipulation tool and transferred to a mold hardening tool.
  • the radiator is flat in this case, but otherwise does not change the process flow, with a flat area, the then has the desired temperature profile, then still a shaping and not only a pure mold hardening can take place.
  • the three-dimensionally contoured radiator or the radiator just formed can in this case be heated electrically or by means of gas, it being advantageous for gas heating to encapsulate this gas heating in such a way that the component or the furnace atmosphere is not exposed to exhaust gases Hydrogen entry or hydrogen embrittlement of the material to prevent.
  • the invention also includes heating elements that are not designed as radiators, but optionally perform an induction heating in this area, while still a corresponding three-dimensional design is ensured to ensure uniform heating in this area.
  • the device according to the invention has at least one elongated continuous furnace 1 ( FIG. 3 ) with a furnace chamber 2, which is traversable along a conveying direction 3.
  • a conveying device which is not shown in detail, may be present in an underfloor region 4, on which carrier 5 for components 6 can be conveyed.
  • the carriers 5 are attached to the conveyor so that they can be conveyed along a longitudinally oriented passage or slot which connects the underfloor region 4 with the oven chamber 2.
  • the components 6 are arranged, which are heated by the kiln jet pipes 7.
  • the furnace chamber 2 is divided into two areas, wherein the subdivision does not have to be spatial, for example with a partition wall.
  • a first region I serves to heat the components to about 700 ° C. and accordingly has furnace jet tubes 7.
  • furnace jet tubes 7 are likewise present.
  • the three-dimensionally contoured radiators 8 are present in this area.
  • the three-dimensional contoured radiator 8 can be lowered, for example, from a furnace roof 9 by means of corresponding mechanisms on the components 6.
  • the implementation of the components takes place on the carriers 5 clocked so that z. B. every 15 seconds a continuation takes place and then also held for example 15 s.
  • a carrier 5 raised and lowered which in FIG. 3 the rightmost carrier is, in which case the three-dimensionally contoured radiator is fixedly arranged, for example, on a furnace roof. After moving out of the oven, a correspondingly heated component can be manipulated into a corresponding molding tool or mold hardening tool.
  • FIG. 1 is a corresponding component to see, with a heated area is shown.
  • FIG. 2 recognizes the lowered onto the component spotlight, which is preferably approximately equal in all areas of the surface of the workpiece 6 is equally spaced, so that a uniform heating is possible.
  • the absorption mass ensures that no or as little heat as possible from the region 10 heated by the radiator 8 is introduced into the remaining region 11 and into the furnace chamber.
  • the absorption mass 12 may also have an absorption mass in regions which are to remain ductile within the heated region, for example in the region of a hole 12 a to be subsequently bored, so that this region remains ductile.
  • This component is in particular a component provided with a zinc coating or also with a coating based on zinc.
  • the components are placed on a first transfer station by means of a manipulation tool on the furnace support.
  • the components may have corresponding holes, through the pickup pins or bolts of the carrier. It is important for the procedure that an absolutely positionally accurate support of the component takes place on the carrier, with an absolutely unique position of the component.
  • the carrier enters the oven, wherein in the oven, the component on the support first passes through a first region in which the oven temperature between 650 ° C and 800 ° C, in particular 700 ° C to 750 ° C and preferably 730 ° C. , This temperature is achieved by kiln pipes.
  • the length of the furnace or this first furnace section is dimensioned such that the components at the end of this section have a temperature of 700 to 750 ° C, preferably 730 ° C.
  • the implementation of the components through the furnace is clocked here. This means that a furnace carrier is moved from station to station by a predetermined distance and then held at this station, which is exactly maintained, for a certain time, for example 15 seconds before the kiln support with the component to the next station exactly is moved and there again a holding time remains. After the furnace section I, the carrier with the component passes into the furnace section II, in which a three-dimensionally contoured radiator is arranged over all or part of the cycle stations.
  • the oven support can have an absorption mass
  • the z. B. is formed as a frame around the heated area and rests from the side opposite the radiator to the component.
  • the component After the component has been sufficiently heated in the heated area, the component is clocked out of the oven and promptly picked up by a manipulation tool and transferred into a mold hardening tool.
  • the mold-hardening tool In the mold-hardening tool, the mold-hardening tool surfaces of the mold-hardening tool bear against the component and rapidly cool it.
  • the cooling in at least the heated areas takes place at a speed which is above the critical hardening speed of the respective steel material such that the initially austenitic phase essentially converts to martensite and thereby achieves a high degree of hardness.
  • the carrier optionally provided with the absorption masses, for example, driven by a conveyor chain, through the oven and after the exit from the oven, for example, below the furnace either in an encapsulated underthread or free cooling again to the transfer station (to the beginning of the furnace).
  • both carriers and absorption masses do not require cooling per se, it is appropriate to recirculate carriers, optionally with absorption mass, in an encapsulated region, so that the carrier and the absorption mass in the Oven need not be warmed up again, but rather can enter the already warm absorption masses additional heat energy in the component.
  • cooling is also possible.
  • the heat can be introduced very accurately metered into the components by the three-dimensionally contoured radiator, so that the results can be reproducibly achieved with high uniformity.
  • the three-dimensionally contoured radiators can, of course, also only be designed two-dimensionally in the case of planar sheet metal components which are to be subjected to post-deformation in the warm state, or if it is intended to act only on planar regions of an otherwise contoured component.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé pour générer des composants partiellement durcis à partir de tôle d'acier, dans lequel
    - un composant formé à froid à partir d'un matériau en tôle d'acier dans un four à une température inférieure à la température d'austénitisation (< Ac3) est chauffé et
    - dans les zones où le composant doit être austénitisé (> Ac3) un radiateur agit sur le composant,
    - dans lequel le radiateur, du côté du composant, est formé ayant un contour, de telle manière qu'il correspond approximativement au contour du composant dans la zone d'austénitisation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le radiateur dans la position de travail est ajusté espacer de manière égale de la surface du composant à travers toute la surface à chauffer et à austénitiser.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le radiateur est chauffé électriquement ou avec du gaz, dans lequel le chauffage a lieu de telle sorte que la surface d'émetteur du côté du composant a une température et une intensité de radiation sensiblement uniforme.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le composant est disposé sur un support et est guidé précisément positionné et cadencé à travers le four.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pour y appliquer des rayons de chaleur, les supports sont élevés ou les radiateurs sont abaissés ou les supports ou le radiateur est élevé en fonction de la manière selon laquelle le support est guidé à travers le four et par cela le composant est amené à une distance souhaitée du radiateur.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans le four plusieurs radiateurs sont disposés l'un derrière l'autre dans la direction de transport et l'action est effectuée successivement avec plusieurs radiateurs selon le cycle de travail.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour l'augmentation de la sélectivité entre les zones austénitisées et non austénitisées, une masse d'absorption et disposée sur le support, dans lequel la masse d'absorption se situe au ou agit sur le composant dans la zone qui est austénitisée et dans la zone non austénitisée, de telle manière que l'énergie thermique qui pourrait circuler à partir de la zone austénitisée vers la zone non austénitisée est absorbée par la masse d'absorption.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des masses d'absorption supplémentaires agissent dans des zones qui doivent rester ductiles dans la zone d'austénitisation, en particulier dans des zones où ensuite des trous doivent être poinçonnés.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les composants, dans un poste de transfert, sont transférés précisément positionnés sur respectivement un support, sont guidés à travers le four avec le support, et à la fin du four, sont enlevés du support par un manipulateur dans un deuxième poste de transfert et transférés, précisément positionnés, dans un outil de durcissement de forme et refroidis dans celui-ci, dans lequel le refroidissement du composant est effectué avec une vitesse supérieure à la vitesse de durcissement critique du matériau de base du composant, de telle manière que les zones austénitisées subissent un durcissement martensitique.
  10. Dispositif pour générer des composants partiellement durcis à partir de tôle d'acier, le dispositif comprenant un four continu allongé (1) avec une chambre de four (2) qui peut être traversé le long d'une direction de transport (3), à laquelle fin un moyen de transport est présent, avec lequel le support (5) pour des composants (6) peut être transporté, dans lequel les supports (5) sont reliés au moyen de transport, de telle sorte qu'ils peuvent être transportés le long de la direction de transport,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la chambre de four présente une température qui est inférieure à la température nécessaire pour la formation d'austénite dans la tôle d'acier, et
    des radiateurs sont disposés dans la chambre de four qui sont formés dans des zones partielles agissant sur les tôles d'acier, de telle sorte que dans la zone de tôle sur laquelle les radiateurs agissent une température est présente de telle manière que la tôle d'acier est austénitisée dans cette zone,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la chambre de four (2) est partitionnée en deux zones, dans lequel dans la première zone (I) la température de chambre de four est dimensionnée de telle manière, que les composants peuvent être chauffés à environ 700°C, et
    la chambre de four (2) dans la deuxième zone (II) a des radiateurs profilés en trois dimensions (8).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de four (2) est formé avec des éléments de chauffage, dans lequel les éléments de chauffage sont conçus et commandés de façon à ce que la température du four dans la chambre de four (2) comporte entre 650°C et 800°C, de préférence 700°C à 750°C, plus préférablement 730°C.
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que les radiateurs profilés en trois dimensions (8) ont une surface du côté du composant, qui correspond au contour du composant, dans lequel les radiateurs profilés en trois dimensions (8) peuvent être abaissés sur les composants (6) guidées à travers le four (1) ou les supports (5) sont formés pouvant être élevés vers les radiateurs (8).
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'au support (5) une masse absorbante (12) est disposée dans les zones dans lesquelles la ligne frontière existe entre une zone à laquelle un radiateur peut être appliqué et la zone restante d'un composant, de sorte que la chaleur qui circule à partir d'une zone plus chaude du composant vers une zone plus froide du composant peut être absorbée par la masse d'absorption.
EP12780705.5A 2011-12-14 2012-10-23 Procédé et dispositif pour le durcissement partiel de composants en tôle Active EP2791372B1 (fr)

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DE102011056444.6A DE102011056444C5 (de) 2011-12-14 2011-12-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum partiellen Härten von Blechbauteilen
PCT/EP2012/070911 WO2013087274A1 (fr) 2011-12-14 2012-10-23 Procédé et dispositif pour le durcissement partiel de composants en tôle

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US20140345757A1 (en) 2014-11-27
US10000823B2 (en) 2018-06-19
EP2791372A1 (fr) 2014-10-22
WO2013087274A1 (fr) 2013-06-20
ES2635089T3 (es) 2017-10-02
CN103998630A (zh) 2014-08-20
CN103998630B (zh) 2016-10-05
DE102011056444A1 (de) 2013-08-08
DE102011056444C5 (de) 2015-10-15
DE102011056444B3 (de) 2013-01-03

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