EP2411548B1 - Procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2411548B1
EP2411548B1 EP10711386.2A EP10711386A EP2411548B1 EP 2411548 B1 EP2411548 B1 EP 2411548B1 EP 10711386 A EP10711386 A EP 10711386A EP 2411548 B1 EP2411548 B1 EP 2411548B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
absorption mass
absorption
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mass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10711386.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2411548A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Sommer
Dieter Hartmann
Tobias HÄGELE
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Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Publication of EP2411548A1 publication Critical patent/EP2411548A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
    • C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing partially hardened steel components according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a method for producing a metal mold component wherein the metallic mold component is to have regions with a higher ductility, wherein the mold component is formed from a hardenable steel and first bring partial areas of a board to a temperature of 600 ° C and 900 ° C in a time of less than 30 seconds, whereupon the heat-treated board is formed in a press tool to the mold component and then the mold component is cooled in the press tool and thereby partially cured ,
  • a mold component is first heated homogeneously to a temperature which is necessary for curing and then the circuit board in the press tool to the mold component final molded. In the press tool also takes place the required hardening.
  • the homogeneously hardened component is then placed on a conveyor and oriented by fixations. On this conveyor, the mold components undergo a heating device in which by an inductor those areas which are to have a higher ductility, in a very short time again to a temperature of 600 ° to 800 ° C and then cooled so slowly that a renewed Hardening does not take place, but these parts are in turn ductile.
  • This method has the disadvantage that it requires several steps and is also energy-intensive.
  • a B-pillar for a motor vehicle which consists of a longitudinal profile made of steel, wherein the longitudinal profile has a first length section with a predominantly martensitic material structure and a strength above 1,400 N / mm 2 and a second length section of higher ductility with a predominantly ferritic-pearlitic Material structure and a strength below 850 N / mm 2 should have.
  • the moldboard is first completely and homogeneously heated to an austenitizing temperature and brought during the transfer or transport of the board in the curing tool by targeted, not too abrupt cooling to a temperature well below the Austenitmaschinestemperatur, so that when hot forming no purely martensitic structure is set.
  • the targeted cooling of a board or of a preformed component increases the cycle times and increases and necessitates additional method steps.
  • both the attachment of the insulation and the removal of the insulation means additional steps that increase the cycle time and increase the cost of the process.
  • a press-cured article and a method of curing the same is known.
  • This component is intended to include hardened and uncured areas, wherein for curing the component or for curing the profile, an inductor is used, which at least partially heats the component to an austenitizing temperature and the inductor below a cooling device is tracked, for example, with water jet, which for the Hardening necessary rapid cooling makes.
  • a cooling device for example, with water jet, which for the Hardening necessary rapid cooling makes.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing partially hardened steel components, which is simple and inexpensive to carry out with high process reliability and well predictable hardness values in the different areas.
  • an absorption mass is applied during the heating.
  • the term "concerns" within the meaning of the invention also includes a small spacing, in particular a spacing of 0.5 to 2 mm between absorption mass and board.
  • the absorption mass is a "cold" mass applied to the hot board during the furnace process. This mass extracts energy from the board via the contact surface or through the narrow gap via radiation.
  • Heat transfer in the context of the invention comprises heat conduction through the support surface in direct contact with the absorption mass with the board and heat radiation at a small spacing. The mass thus partially absorbs the energy of the board, which is introduced through the furnace. Therefore, in the following, a "cold" applied mass is also referred to as absorption mass. In the invention thus takes place a heat flow from the furnace chamber through the sheet of the component in the absorption mass. Insulation does not take place.
  • the components are not partially or only briefly brought over the austenite start temperature during the heating process.
  • the material in these areas is not / only partially converted to austenite and can not be transformed into martensite during the pressing process (press hardening) in these areas.
  • the areas that do not convert to martensite due to the previous heat treatment during press hardening have significantly lower strength than the areas that were brought to austenite start temperature during the heat treatment and then cured in the press.
  • This partial non-austenitizing is achieved by partially applying the absorption mass to the component at the beginning of the heat treatment (before the component enters the oven).
  • the absorption mass is applied to the component and partially replicates the shape of the component.
  • this relatively large absorption mass heats up less than the component.
  • energy is removed from the component at the support surface by the partial contact with the mass (the energy flow is always from warm to cold).
  • the component heats up in these areas much slower and less than in the other areas where the mass is not applied.
  • the soft areas can be specifically adjusted by the applied absorption mass. With the same contact surface but different thicknesses of the absorption mass (also over their extent), different strengths can be generated. It is thereby possible to set almost any strength between 500 and 1500 MPa and only by varying the thickness of the absorption mass or of the material used (even over their extent), of which the absorption mass is.
  • the strength transition range between Hard and soft material is about 20-50mm, especially 20 to 30 mm.
  • air gaps in particular in the edge region may be provided to make the hardness transition even wider.
  • the absorption mass always has a correspondingly constant low temperature before it is returned to the oven. This can be realized in the series process in different ways during the return of the furnace carrier.
  • a large, precisely adjustable and homogeneous transition range from hard to soft causes, for example, that the component can absorb the occurring stresses homogeneously in the transition region from hard to soft or "softly” cushioning and thus prevents the component is partially loaded too much and possibly breaks in the crash and leads to component failure.
  • a larger transition area also prevents, with certain component geometries, the component tearing in the area of welding points introduced in the bodyshell. It is also possible to influence the behavior of the component in the event of a crash precisely and accurately by means of precisely defined ductile areas in the area of welding points.
  • heat shields are provided on the side of the absorption mass opposite the component. These heat shields can be made of different materials, in particular of ceramic or metallic materials.
  • the heat absorption of the absorption mass and / or the réelleablebleche be selectively controlled by the radiation from the furnace chamber via appropriately selected emissivities (surface condition, coating, paint).
  • the heat absorption can be influenced by the radiation of the board also targeted.
  • an absorption mass is placed on a sheet to be austenitized, for example in the form of a steel square.
  • absorption material is any form of heat-resistant metals such as Ampco alloys and steels, especially heat-resistant steels, but also ceramic bodies in question.
  • Crucial criteria for usability are the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity.
  • the absorption mass in this case has an outer shape or contour, which, if appropriate also matched to the formed part, corresponds to the areas which are to remain softer. In particular, the absorption mass can of course also have a deviating from the simple cuboid shape, complex irregular shape with recesses.
  • Fig. 2 a heating curve for the board and a heating curve for absorption mass is shown.
  • the absorption mass is heated with a considerable delay and while the board in the uncovered area at 720 ° from the oven is taken to press-harden, the absorption mass and thus the underlying sheet has a temperature of less than 600 ° C, in which a rapid subsequent cooling does not lead to a cure.
  • the board after removing the absorption mass and cooling shows the appearance after Fig. 3 It can be seen that in the region in which the absorption mass was applied, the sheet has a substantially unaltered bright metallic appearance.
  • the hardness transition range from the hard region to the soft region below the absorption mass is 20 mm to 50 mm, particularly 20 mm to 30 mm.
  • the absorption mass has a shape which is matched to the shape of a finished formed workpiece.
  • This finished formed workpiece is then heated for the purpose of curing and cooled after heating in a mold without substantial transformation.
  • heating up as in Fig. 4 shown, either the absorption mass placed on the component lying in the furnace to leak the underlying sheet with a lower temperature from the oven or, as in Fig. 9 shown, the component placed so that it rests partially on the absorption mass. The effect for warming up is the same.
  • Fig. 10 a diagram is shown in which were measured at a component during the heating temperatures, namely once in the range of an underlying absorption mass and once in a region in which no absorption mass was present. It can be seen from the diagram that the temperature of the component is above the absorption mass in a non-critical range, which means that due to the significantly lower heating no hardness will be achieved here.
  • the absorption mass can be designed so that either a flat board or an already preformed component in the areas that are to remain softer, rests on this absorption mass, optionally in some areas with a slightly larger air gap, in particular an air gap of 4 mm to 10 mm thickness to realize hardness transitions.
  • a preferred application of the absorption mass is, for example, the production of round or circular softer regions on a component or a circuit board, in particular in the flange region at locations where a joint is to be performed.
  • This is particularly advantageous for welded joints, because it has been shown that by the heat treatment of galvanized high-hardenable steel sheets hardening by the surface of the zinc layer partially changed by oxide coatings so that the weldability is reduced. If these areas are left soft with absorption masses, in particular by an absorption mass which is elongated, for example, in the area of the flange and has rounded columnar projections on which the component rests, areas can be achieved in which the zinc surface is not adversely affected, then that here a very good weldability is maintained. Also for mechanical reasons, this is advantageous because the welds remain ductile even in these softer areas and allow so-called Ausknöpfbrüche, so that a preferred fracture pattern in the industry is achieved.
  • the absorption mass can be actively cooled by a cooling section after the furnace process on the return path of the furnace support. Before the absorption mass returns to the furnace, this cooling distance ensures that the temperature of the mass is always a constant low temperature having.
  • Different cooling media can be used to cool the absorption mass, such as compressed air or nitrogen.
  • the oven supports can be modified in such a way that you can attach the absorption mass by means of robots or suitable device on the furnace support and remove. This can be realized in the series process as follows.
  • the furnace supports are returned above the furnace.
  • the oven holders stay for about 20 seconds always in the same place.
  • a robot or a suitable device can be positioned, which removes the hot absorption mass from its holder and then attaches a cold absorption mass.
  • the hot absorption mass may be fed to a cooling circuit (active or passive) which cools the hot absorption mass until reuse. This ensures that the absorption mass always extracts the same energy from the component in the oven during the oven process.
  • Partial austenitizing may be followed by partial press hardening.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé pour la fabrication de composants en acier partiellement durcis, dans lequel on soumet une platine en une tôle d'acier susceptible d'être durcie à une augmentation de température qui suffit pour un durcissement par trempe et, après avoir atteint une température souhaitée et le cas échéant un temps de séjour souhaité, la platine est transférée dans un outil de mise en forme dans lequel la platine est mise sous la forme d'un composant et simultanément durcie par trempe, ou bien la platine est mise en forme à froid et le composant obtenu par la mise en forme à froid est ensuite soumis à une augmentation de température, ladite augmentation de température est menée de telle façon que l'on atteint une température du composant qui est nécessaire pour un durcissement par trempe et le composant est ensuite transféré dans un outil dans lequel le composant chauffé est refroidi et ainsi durci par trempe, dans lequel, pendant le chauffage de la platine ou du composant dans le but d'augmenter la température à une température nécessaire pour le durcissement dans des régions qui doivent posséder une dureté plus faible et/ou une ductilité plus élevée, des masses d'absorption sont appliquées et/ou sont disposées avec un faible intervalle, et les masses d'absorption sont dimensionnées pour ce qui concerne leur extension et leur épaisseur, leur conductivité thermique et leur capacité thermique et/ou pour ce qui concerne leur propriété d'émission, de telle façon que l'énergie thermique appliquée au composant dans la région qui reste ductile s'écoule à travers le composant jusque dans la masse d'absorption,
    caractérisé en ce que sur une ou plusieurs surfaces de la masse absorption qui est/sont orientée(s) vers la chambre du four, on prévoit des tôles-écrans qui font écran pour la masse d'absorption vis-à-vis du rayonnement provenant de chambre du four.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise une masse d'absorption qui est en un métal réfractaire, comme un alliage de type Ampco, un acier, ou similaire, et la masse d'absorption est réalisée sur au moins une surface avec un contour tel qu'elle est appliquée contre la platine ou contre le composant et/ou qu'elle est écartée avec un faible intervalle, en particulier un intervalle d'une épaisseur de 0,5 mm à 2 mm ou bien, pour établir des zones de transition de dureté, qu'elle est écartée de la platine ou du composant sur des zones partielles avec des intervalles d'air quelque peu plus importants, en particulier des intervalles avec une épaisseur de 4 à 10 mm.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la ou les masse(s) d'absorption est/sont agencée(s) sur un support avec lequel la platine ou le composant est passé(e) à travers un système de chauffage, comme un four, et pendant la traversée à travers le système de chauffage, la platine ou le composant est appliqué(e) sur la ou les masse(s) d'absorption.
  4. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'absorption de chaleur de la masse d'absorption depuis la chambre du four et/ou du composant est commandée par réglage du degré d'émission de la surface de la masse d'absorption.
  5. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'absorption de chaleur des tôles-écrans depuis la chambre du four est commandée par réglage du degré d'émission de la surface des tôles-écrans.
EP10711386.2A 2009-03-26 2010-03-26 Procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés Active EP2411548B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009015013A DE102009015013B4 (de) 2009-03-26 2009-03-26 Verfahren zum Herstellen partiell gehärteter Stahlbauteile
PCT/EP2010/054019 WO2010109012A1 (fr) 2009-03-26 2010-03-26 Procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2411548A1 EP2411548A1 (fr) 2012-02-01
EP2411548B1 true EP2411548B1 (fr) 2013-06-26

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EP10711386.2A Active EP2411548B1 (fr) 2009-03-26 2010-03-26 Procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US8597441B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2411548B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102365375B (fr)
DE (1) DE102009015013B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2429021T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010109012A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201105487B (fr)

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EP2562034B1 (fr) 2011-08-25 2017-10-04 Adient Luxembourg Holding S.à r.l. Composant profilé d'un siège de véhicule, procédé et dispositif destinés à la fabrication d'un composant profilé
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DE102016201025A1 (de) * 2016-01-25 2017-07-27 Schwartz Gmbh Wärmebehandlungsverfahren und Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung
EP3211103B1 (fr) * 2016-02-25 2020-09-30 Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de véhicule automobile comprenant au moins deux zones de fixation différentes l'une de l'autre
WO2018115914A1 (fr) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-28 Arcelormittal Procédé de fabrication de pièces en acier aluminié formées par pressage à chaud
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DE102021110702A1 (de) 2021-04-27 2022-10-27 Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen gehärteter Stahlbauteile mit unterschiedlich duktilen Bereichen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2411548A1 (fr) 2012-02-01
DE102009015013A1 (de) 2010-11-25
ZA201105487B (en) 2012-08-29
DE102009015013B4 (de) 2011-05-12
CN102365375A (zh) 2012-02-29
US20120097298A1 (en) 2012-04-26
CN102365375B (zh) 2014-07-30
ES2429021T3 (es) 2013-11-12
WO2010109012A1 (fr) 2010-09-30
US8597441B2 (en) 2013-12-03

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