EP2411548A1 - Procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés

Info

Publication number
EP2411548A1
EP2411548A1 EP10711386A EP10711386A EP2411548A1 EP 2411548 A1 EP2411548 A1 EP 2411548A1 EP 10711386 A EP10711386 A EP 10711386A EP 10711386 A EP10711386 A EP 10711386A EP 2411548 A1 EP2411548 A1 EP 2411548A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
absorption
absorption mass
board
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10711386A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2411548B1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Sommer
Dieter Hartmann
Tobias HÄGELE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Publication of EP2411548A1 publication Critical patent/EP2411548A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2411548B1 publication Critical patent/EP2411548B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
    • C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing partially hardened steel components according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a mold component is first heated homogeneously to a temperature which is necessary for curing and then the circuit board in the press tool to the mold component final molded. In the press tool also takes place the required hardening.
  • the homogeneously hardened component is then placed on a conveyor and oriented by fixations. On this conveyor, the mold components undergo a heating device in which by an inductor those areas which are to have a higher ductility, in turn brought to a temperature of 600 ° to 800 0 C in a very short time and then cooled so slowly that a renewed Hardening does not take place, but these parts are in turn ductile.
  • This method has the disadvantage that it requires several steps and is also energy-intensive.
  • a B-pillar for a motor vehicle which consists of a longitudinal profile made of steel, wherein the longitudinal profile of a first longitudinal section with a predominantly martensitic material structure and a strength over 1,400 N / mm 2 and a second longitudinal section higher To have ductility with a predominantly ferritic-pearlitic material structure and a strength below 850 N / mm 2 .
  • the molding board is first completely and homogeneously heated to an austenitizing temperature and brought during the transfer or transport of the board in the curing tool by targeted, not too abrupt cooling to a temperature well below the Austenitmaschinestemperatur, so that when hot forming no purely martensitic structure is set.
  • the targeted cooling of a board or of a preformed component increases the cycle times and increases and necessitates additional method steps.
  • both the attachment of the insulation and the removal of the insulation means additional steps that increase the cycle time and increase the cost of the process.
  • EP 0 816 520 B1 discloses a press-hardened article and a method for curing the same.
  • This component is intended to include hardened and uncured areas, wherein for curing the component or for curing the profile, an inductor is used, which at least partially heats the component to an austenitizing temperature and the inductor below a cooling device is tracked, for example, with water jet, which for the Hardening necessary rapid cooling makes.
  • a cooling device for example, with water jet, which for the Hardening necessary rapid cooling makes.
  • an absorption mass is applied during the heating.
  • the term "concerns" within the meaning of the invention also includes a small spacing, in particular a spacing of 0.5 to 2 mm between absorption mass and board.
  • the absorption mass is a "cold" mass applied to the hot board during the furnace process. This mass extracts energy from the board via the contact surface or through the narrow gap via radiation.
  • Heat transfer in the context of the invention comprises heat conduction through the support surface in direct contact with the absorption mass with the board and heat radiation at a small spacing. The mass thus partially absorbs the energy of the board, which is introduced through the furnace. Therefore, in the following, a "cold" applied mass is also referred to as absorption mass. In the invention thus takes place a heat flow from the furnace chamber through the sheet of the component in the absorption mass. Insulation does not take place. According to the invention, the components are not brought partially or only briefly over the Austenitstarttempe- temperature during the heating process.
  • the material in these areas is not / only partially converted to austenite and can not be transformed into martensite during the pressing process (press hardening) in these areas.
  • the areas that do not convert to martensite due to the previous heat treatment during press hardening have significantly lower strength than the areas that were brought to austenite start temperature during the heat treatment and then cured in the press.
  • This partial non-austenitizing is achieved by partially applying the absorption mass to the component at the beginning of the heat treatment (before the component enters the oven).
  • the absorption mass is applied to the component and partially replicates the shape of the component.
  • this relatively large absorption mass heats up less than the component.
  • energy is removed from the component at the support surface by the partial contact with the mass (the energy flow is always from warm to cold).
  • the component heats up in these areas much slower and less than in the other areas where the mass is not applied.
  • the soft areas can be specifically adjusted by the applied absorption mass. With the same contact surface but different thicknesses of the absorption mass (also over their extent), different strengths can be generated. It is thereby possible to set almost any strength between 500 and 1500 MPa and only by varying the thickness of the absorption mass or of the material used (even over their extent), of which the absorption mass is.
  • the strength transition range between Hard and soft material is about 20-50mm, especially 20 to 30 mm.
  • air gaps in particular in the edge region may be provided to make the hardness transition even wider.
  • the absorption mass always has a correspondingly constant low temperature before it is returned to the oven. This can be realized in the series process in different ways during the return of the furnace carrier.
  • a large, exactly adjustable and homogeneous transition range from hard to soft causes z. that the component in the transition region from hard to soft can absorb the occurring stresses homogeneously or cushioning "soft" and thus prevents the component is partially too heavily loaded and possibly tears in the crash and leads to component failure.
  • a larger transition area also prevents, with certain component geometries, the component tearing in the area of welding points introduced in the bodyshell.
  • heat shields may be provided on the side of the absorption mass opposite the component. These heat shields can be made of different materials, in particular of ceramic or metallic materials.
  • the heat absorption of the absorption mass and / or the réelleabcapbleche by the radiation from the furnace chamber can be selectively controlled via appropriately selected emissivities (surface condition, coating, paint). In the absorption mass, the heat absorption can be influenced by the radiation of the board also targeted.
  • Figure 1 a board with an attached absorption mass
  • Figure 2 the heating curve of the board and the applied absorption mass
  • FIG. 3 shows the circuit board after the absorption mass has been removed and a cooling carried out
  • Figure 4 schematically an absorption mass, which is placed on a finished molded component
  • Figure 5 the illustration of Figure 4 in a partially sectioned view.
  • FIG. 6 shows the illustration according to FIG. 4 in a plan view
  • Figure 7 the illustration of Figure 6 in a partially sectioned view.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment in which the finished molded component rests on a correspondingly shaped absorption mass
  • FIG. 10 shows two heating curves of a component, the temperature being measured in the region of the absorption mass below and in a region without absorption mass.
  • an absorption mass is placed on a sheet to be austenitized, for example in the form of a steel square.
  • absorption material is any form of heat-resistant metals such as Ampco alloys and steels, especially heat-resistant steels, but also ceramic bodies in question.
  • Crucial criteria for usability are the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity.
  • the absorption mass in this case has an outer shape or contour, which, if appropriate also matched to the formed part, corresponds to the areas which are to remain softer. In particular, the absorption mass can of course also have a deviating from the simple cuboid shape, complex irregular shape with recesses.
  • a heating curve for the board and a heating curve for absorption mass is shown.
  • the absorption mass is heated with a considerable delay and while the board in the uncovered area at 720 ° from the oven is taken to press-harden, the absorption mass and thus the underlying sheet has a temperature of below 600 0 C, in which a rapid subsequent cooling does not lead to a cure.
  • the board after removing the absorption mass and cooling shows the appearance of Fig. 3, wherein it can be seen that in the area in which the absorption mass was applied, the sheet has a substantially unaltered bright metallic appearance.
  • the hardness transition range from the hard region to the soft region below the absorption mass is 20 mm to 50 mm, particularly 20 mm to 30 mm.
  • the absorption mass has a shape which is matched to the shape of a finished formed workpiece.
  • This finished formed workpiece is then heated for the purpose of curing and cooled after heating in a mold without substantial transformation.
  • the heating as shown in Fig. 4, either the absorption mass is applied to the component in the furnace to allow the underlying sheet to exit from the furnace at a lower temperature or, as shown in Fig. 9, the component placed so in that it partially rests on the absorption mass. The effect for warming up is the same.
  • FIG. 10 shows a diagram in which temperatures were measured on a component during heating, once in the region of an underlying absorption mass and once in an area in which no absorption mass was present. It can be seen from the diagram that the temperature of the component is above the absorption mass in a non-critical range, which means that due to the significantly lower heating no hardness will be achieved here.
  • the absorption mass can be designed so that either a flat board or an already preformed component in the areas that are to remain softer, rests on this absorption mass, optionally in some areas with a slightly larger air gap, in particular an air gap of 4 mm to 10 mm thickness to realize hardness transitions.
  • a preferred application of the absorption mass is, for example, the production of round or circular softer regions on a component or a circuit board, in particular in the flange region at locations where a joint is to be performed.
  • This is particularly advantageous for welded joints, because it has been shown that by the heat treatment of galvanized high-hardenable steel sheets hardening by the surface of the zinc layer partially changed by oxide coatings so that the weldability is reduced. If these areas are left soft with absorption masses, in particular by an absorption mass, which is elongated, for example in the region of the flange and has rounded columnar projections on which the component rests, areas can be achieved in which the zinc surface is not adversely affected, then that here a very good weldability is maintained. Also for mechanical reasons, this is advantageous because the welds remain ductile even in these softer areas and allow so-called Ausknöpfbrüche, so that a preferred fracture pattern in the industry is achieved.
  • the absorption mass can be actively cooled by a cooling section after the furnace process on the return path of the furnace support. Before the absorption mass returns to the furnace, this cooling distance ensures that the temperature of the mass is always a constant low temperature having.
  • Different cooling media can be used to cool the absorption mass, such as compressed air or nitrogen.
  • the oven supports can be modified in such a way that you can attach the absorption mass by means of robots or suitable device on the furnace support and remove. This can be realized in the series process as follows.
  • the furnace supports are returned above the furnace.
  • the oven holders stay for about 20 seconds always in the same place.
  • a robot or a suitable device can be positioned, which removes the hot absorption mass from its holder and then attaches a cold absorption mass.
  • the hot absorption mass may be fed to a cooling circuit (active or passive) which cools the hot absorption mass until reuse. This ensures that the absorption mass always extracts the same energy from the component in the oven during the oven process.
  • Partial austenitizing may be followed by partial press hardening.
  • the component geometry is guaranteed process reliable, since the component is held during press hardening during cooling in the press tool.
  • each ductile area can be varied freely depending on the application.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés, une platine en tôle d'acier durcissable étant soumise à une augmentation de température suffisante pour le durcissement par trempe et, après obtention d'une température souhaitée et, éventuellement, après écoulement d'un temps de maintien souhaité, amenée jusqu'à un outil de formage dans lequel elle est transformée en un composant et simultanément durcie par trempage, ou bien la platine étant transformée à froid et le composant qui en résulte étant ensuite soumis à une élévation de température, l'échauffement du composant étant effectué de manière qu'une température indispensable au durcissement par trempe soit atteinte et que le composant soit ensuite amené jusqu'à un outil dans lequel il est refroidi et, de ce fait, durci par trempe. Le procédé étant caractérisé en ce que durant l'échauffement de la platine ou du composant en vue d'obtenir une température indispensable au durcissement, dans les zones qui doivent présenter un plus faible durcissement et/ou une plus grande ductilité, des masses absorbantes sont mises en contact et/ou placées à faible distance, lesdites masses absorbantes étant, en ce qui concerne leur étendue, leur épaisseur, leur conductibilité et leur capacité thermique et/ou leur degré d'émission, dimensionnées de manière que l'énergie calorifique agissant sur le composant dans la zone restant ductile traverse le composant et pénètre dans la masse absorbante.
EP10711386.2A 2009-03-26 2010-03-26 Procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés Active EP2411548B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009015013A DE102009015013B4 (de) 2009-03-26 2009-03-26 Verfahren zum Herstellen partiell gehärteter Stahlbauteile
PCT/EP2010/054019 WO2010109012A1 (fr) 2009-03-26 2010-03-26 Procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2411548A1 true EP2411548A1 (fr) 2012-02-01
EP2411548B1 EP2411548B1 (fr) 2013-06-26

Family

ID=42309460

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10711386.2A Active EP2411548B1 (fr) 2009-03-26 2010-03-26 Procédé de fabrication de composants en acier partiellement trempés

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US8597441B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2411548B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102365375B (fr)
DE (1) DE102009015013B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2429021T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010109012A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201105487B (fr)

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DE102010048209C5 (de) 2010-10-15 2016-05-25 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines warmumgeformten pressgehärteten Metallbauteils
DE102011053939B4 (de) 2011-09-26 2015-10-29 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile
ES2858225T3 (es) * 2010-12-24 2021-09-29 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Procedimiento para producir elementos estructurales templados
DE102011053941B4 (de) 2011-09-26 2015-11-05 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Verfahren zum Erzeugen gehärteter Bauteile mit Bereichen unterschiedlicher Härte und/oder Duktilität
EP2562034B1 (fr) 2011-08-25 2017-10-04 Adient Luxembourg Holding S.à r.l. Composant profilé d'un siège de véhicule, procédé et dispositif destinés à la fabrication d'un composant profilé
DE102011056444C5 (de) 2011-12-14 2015-10-15 Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum partiellen Härten von Blechbauteilen
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DE102015113056B4 (de) 2015-08-07 2018-07-26 Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh Verfahren zum kontaktlosen Kühlen von Stahlblechen und Vorrichtung hierfür
ES2808779T3 (es) 2015-05-29 2021-03-01 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Método para el enfriamiento homogéneo y sin contacto de superficies calientes no continuas y dispositivo para ello
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EP3211103B1 (fr) * 2016-02-25 2020-09-30 Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de véhicule automobile comprenant au moins deux zones de fixation différentes l'une de l'autre
WO2018115914A1 (fr) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-28 Arcelormittal Procédé de fabrication de pièces en acier aluminié formées par pressage à chaud
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DE102018130860A1 (de) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Warmumformung eines, insbesondere plattenförmigen, Halbzeugs
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102365375B (zh) 2014-07-30
WO2010109012A1 (fr) 2010-09-30
EP2411548B1 (fr) 2013-06-26
US20120097298A1 (en) 2012-04-26
DE102009015013A1 (de) 2010-11-25
CN102365375A (zh) 2012-02-29
ZA201105487B (en) 2012-08-29
DE102009015013B4 (de) 2011-05-12
ES2429021T3 (es) 2013-11-12
US8597441B2 (en) 2013-12-03

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